上海市浦东新区建平中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（Word版无答案）

建平中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试
英语
满分：140分 完成时间：120分钟
Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A Short Conversations
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
A. She earned an award. B. She helped plan the award ceremony.
C. She should work more for the community. D. She served as chairperson of the committee.
A. Exchange the tickets. B. Take care of his cold.
C. Watch the game at home. D. Wear a warmer coat to the game.
A. She collects pictures of cars. B. She likes the design of the car.
C. Someone famous is riding in the car. D. The car is in front of something interesting.
A. She hears a new post office has just opened. B. She doesn’t know where the post office is.
C. She thinks the post office is nearby. D. She hasn’t received any mail yet.
A. Get his shower fixed. B. Take a shower at the gym.
C. Find out when the gym is open. D. Move to another building.
A. Deliver the package in person. B. Pick up the package at the post office.
C. Ask to have the package delivered to his home. D. Find out the opening hours of the post office.
A. She is difficult to find. B. She is a good doctor.
C. She used to be his doctor. D. She is fairly old.
A. She needs to buy a new coat. B. Her coat is similar to the man’s.
C. Her sweater is not warm enough. D. The man should have worn a sweater.
A. It hasn’t been graded. B. It received a low grade.
C. The committee is discussing it. D. The woman hasn’t submitted it.
A. He recently spent a month in Chicago. B. There are many things to do in Chicago.
C. Chicago is an expensive place to have fun. D. He is also going on the trip next month.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. It is a reflection of danger and risk.
It speeds up breathing and heartbeat.
It has a place in every woman’s wardrobe.
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It commands the viewer’s attention and action.
A. A head-to-toe red dress. B. Jeans with a neutral color handbag.
C. A collection of camel suits. D. A plain coat paired with a red handbag.
A. The influence of red. B. The season of red.
C. The symbol of Christmas. D. The red festival.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
A. In the downtown. B. Near a factory.
C. In the suburb. D. On a tall mountain.
A. It burns waste to produce electricity.
It is the world’s first carbon-neutral capital.
The building will be transformed into a high-rising.
A material called “neveplast” can produce snow on it.
A. Visiting skiers are more interested in staying in one place.
Wastes will not be recycled to provide electricity for the whole city.
Copenhagen has set a good example to address the city waste problem.
The main building in the treatment factory is covered with “neveplast”.
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.
A. To get some advice on car purchase.
To pay a fine for violating the traffic rules.
To ask her about the traffic rules in Minnesota.
To talk about the fees for having a car on campus.
A. 911 B. 813 C. 912 D. 915
A. Thirty dollars B. Thirty-five dollars C. Fifteen dollars D. Fifty dollars
A. To avoid getting fined by security.
To create open spaces for snow sweeper.
To get a year-long pass at reduced rates.
To keep the roads open for buses and large cars.
Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (10%)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Is there a link between social media and depression Does social media have a negative impact on your mental health It’s complicated.
People are increasingly opinionated about the potential problems of social media. Things like
cyberbullying, screen addiction, and (21) _______ (expose) to endless filtered images that make it impossible not to make comparisons between yourself and others often make the news. In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA. It was titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big
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headline seemed (22) _______ (confirm) what a lot of people have been saying—that screen time is horrible for young people.
The study followed over 3,800 adolescents over four years. Part of (23) _______ the investigators
measured was the teens’ amount of screen time, including time spent on social media, (24) _______ _______ _______ their levels of depression symptoms. One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were related to higher levels of depression. That was true both (25) _______ the researches compared between people and compared each person against their own mental health over time.
Case closed Not so fast. We don’t know if it’s really social media use (26) _______ causes depression.
There’s one important thing to remember about survey research—just because two things happen together, it’s not necessarily true that one causes the other. For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression, (27) _______ doesn’t mean social media use causes depression. For all we know, it could be that people who are already (28) _______ (depressed) choose to spend more time on social media.
Another possibility is that something else is entirely causing some people to have both high levels of
depression and social media use. For example, one interesting study showed that childhood maltreatment (29) _______ (associate) with greater current social media use. It’s not hard to imagine that people (30) _______ (mistreat) in childhood also had higher levels of depression. In this case, depression may have nothing to do with how much someone is using social media now.
Section B (10%)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. attaching B. correlated C. consumed D. Fortunately E. judging F. indicators
G. present H. processed I. recommendations J. notable K. Unexpectedly
For many health-conscious people, bread is a little slice of hell. Shelves of multigrain loaves—or friends passing around sourdough (酵母面包) starters and (31) _______ the word artisanal (手工艺性的) to the ancient combination of yeast (酵母), flour and water—have led consumers to believe whole grain bread is healthier than industrial white bread. That trend has made for a lot of expensive sandwiches.
(32) _______, a new study by researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science is here to cut through the
confusion. In the study, published in Cell Metabolism, researchers randomized 20 participants to consume either (33) _______ white bread or artisanal whole wheat sourdough in order to compare the effects of each on the body.
Before the study started, all participants consumed the same amount of white and nonwhite bread for
several days. Then each group ate, on average, at least 100 grams of bread—three to four slices—per day for one week. After a two-week break, the groups switched types for another bread-laden week. The total amount of calories the participants (34) _______ remained constant for the duration of the study.
The researchers were surprised by what they found. “There were no clinically significant differences
between the effects of these two types of bread on whatever we measured,” said computational biologist Eran Segal, senior author of the study in a statement. Those measured included glucose levels upon waking, fat and cholesterol levels, the amounts of essential minerals in the bloodstream and several (35) _______ of
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tissue damage. Segal and colleagues examined 20 variables and found not one (36) _______ difference between the white bread eaters and the artisanal bread eaters. The key finding: It wasn’t that both breads had no effect on the body. Rather, they both did equal damage. As it turns out, half the participants had a higher glycemic response to industrial white bread, and half had the higher response to artisanal sourdough bread.
The researchers also found that which bread was best for you can be predicted based on the bacteria (37)
_______ in your body. They found that the “profile”—the variety of bacterial species—(38) _______ with the glycemic (血糖) response to each bread. The small size of the study means the results should be
considered preliminary. The researchers hope to study these predictors more carefully as a potential way to
improve nutritional (39) _______, says biologist Avraham Levy, another study co-author.
In short, the study provides vital evidence that we need to stop (40) _______ each other in the supermarket bread aisle.
Reading Comprehension
Section A (15%)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. I’ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids’ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve ___41___ them. But we can’t acknowledge that our ___42___ is more about us than them. So we’ve come up with various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths.
We have a full-blown prestige (声望) panic; we worry that there won’t be enough prizes to ___43___.
___44___ parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. What causes the hysteria (歇斯底里) is the belief that ___45___ elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that is plausible—and mostly
wrong. We haven’t found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. ___46___, selective schools don’t systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools. On two
measures—professors’ feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse.
By some studies, selective schools do ___47___ their graduates’ lifetime earnings. The gain is considered
at 2-4% for every 100-point increase in a school’s average SAT scores. But even this ___48___ is probably a statistical fluke (偶然).
Kids count more than their ___49___. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition.
But it’s not the only indicator and, ___50___, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college is not life’s only competition. In the next competition—the job market and graduate school—the results may change. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who ___51___; degrees of prestigious universities didn’t.
So, parents, take it easy, for the stakes (利害关系) have been vastly ___52___. Up to a point, we can
rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much
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pushiness can be destructive. The very ___53___ we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job ___54___. They may have been so ___55___to being on top that anything less disappoints.
A. raised B. sponsored C. accompanied D. treated
A. anger B. obsession C. depression D. resistance
A. give away B. show off C. approve of D. go around
A. Strict B. Sensible C. Fearful D. Indecisive
A. scarce B. inaccessible C. plentiful D. desirable
A. In addition B. In fact C. As a result D. In a word
A. enhance B. foresee C. influence D. underestimate
A. score B. study C. advantage D. measure
A. colleges B. parents C. dreams D. competitors
A. accidentally B. academically C. inevitably D. surprisingly
A. caught up B. opted out C. got in D. signed up
A. exaggerated B. ignored C. justified D. considered
A. restriction B. ambition C. criteria D. values
A. promotion B. hunting C. dissatisfaction D. training
A. opposed B. limited C. attached D. accustomed
Section B (22%)
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
After researching the history of the Vietnam War, I called my mum and asked her if she knew anyone
who went to Vietnam that I could interview. She thought for a while and suddenly remembered that she has a cousin who is a veteran of the Vietnam War.
She says, “I know him since I was little. He was one of the greatest athletes of the school. You cannot
imagine how good and fast he was. Well, he was ranked number 18 in the country for being an outstanding track and field runner. But now, those things are only memories.”
I called him and introduced myself. He was in an agreeable mood at the beginning, but as soon as I
began to question him, his attitude changed. “What happened in Vietnam ” I asked. There was a moment of silence on the other line, and then he said he was willing to tell me about Vietnam.
He said that he was enrolled when he was 20 years old and that the two years later he spent there a part
of his life he would rather forget. He said, “The problem is that you will never imagine how much suffering and pain I saw in that place.” There is not one book or article that can really describe the human disaster that took place there. There is nothing worse in this world than killing a man who you know has a family. It is very sad, but it is the truth, and it turns more complex when you realize you were part of that truth.
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“When I returned to Puerto Rico, it was a total disaster: young kids without fathers, wives without husbands. Most of those who made it back have no legs, like me, or no arms. I was praised because of my bravery, but for me, that was and is pure nonsense, because that war decided my future, decided the future of my family. I, now, am just a veteran who has nothing.
The thing that bothers me the most is that the people who decided to fight will probably never know
that it is likely to kill a man, or feel pain and suffering from hunger and the absence of love. In war, every minute you are fearing because the only thing you have in your mind is that if you don’t kill first you are going to get killed.”
What does the author’s mother mean by saying “… those things are only memories” in Para.2
Her cousin can’t run like before after the war.
Her cousin is no longer an optimistic young man.
She would rather keep what happened in the past as a secret.
She can’t remember much of the past days with time passing quickly.
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the 4th paragraph
It takes mental strength to survive the war.
Books and articles all presented a false picture of the war.
The sufferings during the war greatly damaged the memory of soldiers.
The author’s uncle felt overwhelmed by pain when he realized the truth of the war.
Why did the author’s uncle find the praises “pure nonsense”
Because praises came too late.
Because no praise could make up for his loss.
Because he didn’t kill anyone during the war.
Because too many praises seemed worthless.
What can we infer from the last paragraph
One on a battlefield should kill first to get rid of fear.
Those who launched the war should be severely blamed.
The veterans could stand any hardship in their life after the war.
Those who decide to fight should take part in the war themselves.
(B)
▲ Allerton, Liverpool 590,000
A large-area lawn would look at home on a traditional red-brick
campus. Six miles south of the University of Liverpool and the “knowledge quarter”, it is part of Allerton Priory, designed and built by Victorian gothic architect Alfred Waterhouse in the early 1800s for a local merchant and now separated into apartments.
There’s a three-bedroom duplex (复式) on the lower ground and
ground floor. The living room has floor-to-ceiling windows and views of the grounds, and there’s a private gate for residents
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leading to Allerton Manor sports car club. Fine & Country, 0151-947-0810
▲ Halton, Lancashire 285,000 This environmentally-friendly home is in the eco-settlement of Forgebank in the village of Halton on the outskirts of Lancaster. It may suit the buyers—with conscience and cash—who have chosen to settle close to the city they studied in. The complex sits on the banks of the River Lune and next to the Forest of Bowland. A two- bedroom home covers 1,050 sq ft with a balcony. The funky yellow kitchen cabinetry is by local carpenters. The Modern House, 0203-795-5920
▲ Eddington, Cambridge 689,950 The local government of Cambridge is developing a new sustainable residential district two miles north of the city centre with 3,000 homes, 2,000 postgraduate rooms for the University of Cambridge, sports facilities, a market square and parking lots. One of the newest phases is Knights Park. There’s a two-bedroom, two- bathroom luxury flat on the fourth floor of the Florey building with no stamp duty to pay. Hill, 01223-607-200
▲ City centre, Bristol 565,000 This two-bedroom, first-floor apartment is in a pastel-coloured, period townhouse on the waterfront in the heart of Bristol’s nightlife, with a parking space, a lift and views of the Floating Harbour and the Arnolfini arts centre. Beyond is the tree-lined Georgian gardens of Queen Square in the old town. The University of Bristol is a 30-minute walk away. Knight Frank, 0117-317-1996
Which of the following is TRUE about the house in Allerton
It was designed and funded by a local merchant.
It enjoys an open and broad view of nearby grounds.
It is located on the campus of the University of Liverpool.
It used to be a gothic school constructed in the early 19th century.
What can be inferred according to the leaflet
The buyer of the house in Halton expects to make a deal as soon as possible.
Lancaster is a city famous for its environmentally-friendly rural settlements.
The University of Cambridge owns the new residential district in Eddington. 高二英语试卷 第 7 页 共 11 页
The city centre of Bristol boasts a combination of modernity and ancientness.
Alex and Susan, a newly married couple who love sports and own a car, are looking for a two-bedroom house property. They may contact _______ to ask for more information.
A. Fine & Country B. The Modern House
C. Hill D. Knight Frank
(C)
Searching for the Next Big Thing
Fifteen years ago, Steve Jobs announced three new products: a music player, a mobile phone, and an internet communicator. As Apple’s then-boss gave his presentation, his audience slowly realized that the three products were in fact a single gadget: the iPhone. Cue applause, cue Apple’s renaissance, and cue a new era in technology as the smartphone overtook the desk top PC as the center of personal computing.
Today, even Jobs might be surprised by how many uses have been found for his all-in-one device. The
small screen has, in time, come to handle banking, networking, map-reading, gaming and much more. Apple and other phone manufacturers have been enriched not only by hardware sales but by controlling nearly everything that takes place on the platform itself, from app stores to mobile ads.
Yet there is evidence that the smartphone era is fading. Phone sales have generally been declining, as
the slower advent (出现) of new technological improvements have led to people upgrading less often. In rich
countries, the decline is especially marked. Tech innovators and investors are on the hunt for the next big thing, in hopes of winning not just a juicy bit of the hardware market but a potential controlling slice of whatever platform it is where everything ends up taking place in the future.
The current big idea is virtual-reality (VR) headsets, a nascent industry whose growth has been partly
stimulated by pandemic lockdowns. More promising, but further off, are glasses for experiencing augmented reality (AR), a technology in which real-world objects are overlaid by digital content. Most of America’s big tech firms as well as some Asian giants are developing or already currently selling VR or AR headsets. What has so far been a niche market is about to become very crowded.
What does seem to be under way is a gradual movement by consumers towards wearable devices. These
include voice-activated smart headphones, which can make calls and read messages, and smart watches, which can handle tasks involving one’s personal scheduling, navigation and fitness. In the United States, unit sales of these “wearables” are already close to those of smartphones. These gadgets, however, are more like
accessories (配件) for the phone than an actual replacement for them.
People are not about to abandon their phones, any more than they were willing to throw out their laptops
a decade ago. But as they interact more often with earphones or, soon, glasses, more of them will come to use their phone as a kind of back office, primarily there to provide processing muscle for their other gadgets. As chips get even smaller, phones may not be needed even for that.
Don’t expect any of this to happen right away. Yet when technological tipping-points are crossed, things
can change fast. Four years after Jobs introduced his iPhone, smartphones outsold all laptop and desktop computers worldwide. Silicon Valley’s latest great hope is still a work in progress. But if and when the right product appears, the future may end up arriving sooner than you’d expected.
According to the passage, Steve Jobs might not have expected that ______.
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Apple would end up dominating the global smartphone industry
Apple would be making huge profits from the sale of smartphones
smartphones would come to allow users to do so many different things
smartphones would be popular with young people throughout the world
The smartphone era is fading mainly because ______ in recent years.
phone sales have been falling in rich countries
investors are turning their attention to new gadgets
people are now looking forward to the next big thing
the industry hasn’t seen any recent technological breakthroughs
We can learn from Paragraphs 4 and 5 that it remains unclear ______.
what new gadget will be able to overtake the smartphone
whether or not the sales of VR headsets will continue to grow
why Americans have become interested in health-tech gadgets
how wearable devices will make our lives more convenient in the future
Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with
People will get rid of their smartphones in a decade.
Smartphones will play a different role in our lives in the near future.
The prospect of smartphones will be beyond tech giants’ expectations.
We won’t abandon smartphones even if we have a satisfactory substitute for them.
Section C (8%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences that you need.
Companies have long wanted spending to be fast, easy and barely worth a thought.
Personal finance campaigners have been complaining about such sites for years.
I worry that we now live in that blur, and are spending cash without clearly perceiving what is taking
place.
That patent has now expired, but Amazon is still keen to make your ability to spend effortless.
Companies are urged to “make it easy” for people to do the right thing—such as pay taxes, sign up as
an organ donor or save for a pension.
She would have time to reflect, and she would also see the cumulative price tag for all her temptations.
What looks like fraud, feels like fraud but isn’t fraud What about a company website that pops up when
you search for the government agency that issues driving licences, and charges a handsome fee for forwarding your details to the real website
(67) ________. However, I think there is a broader lesson to be drawn about the way we are spending
our money these days. Between outright fraud and honest commerce there may be a sharp legal line—but economically and psychologically the distinction is a gradual blur.
There’s the outright fraudster (诈骗犯) who tries to panic you into sending thousands of pounds to avoid
ruin or prison. Then there’s a blue-chip (蓝筹) website such as Amazon, which undoubtedly provides a real service, but would be delighted to make it easier for customers to spend impulsively.
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Amazon famously secured an absurd patent on “one-click” online retail ordering in 1999. (68) ________. Every time I use my phone to check the sales rank of my book on the Amazon website—roughly every 27
minutes—Amazon urges me to download its app.
So what should we do On the FT Money Clinic podcast, I recently advised a listener who felt guilty
that she was spending impulsively online, and often regretted and returned the purchases. One suggestion I had for her was that she should write down each item on a spreadsheet, to revisit at the end of the month. (69) ________.
My thinking was that by making the spending harder, slower and more conspicuous (明显的) ,she might
be able to gain some degree of control over her habits. It was only afterwards that I realised how directly this advice was swimming against the commercial tide. Harder, slower, more conspicuous (70) ________. Thanks to the miracles of modern technology, they are closer than ever to realising their long desired ambitions.
Summary Writing (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Reading Is Important For Your Brain
You can take fish oil pill or go to a language class, puzzle books, or a few hours of exercise every week. There are countless methods to improve your memory and cognitive functioning. But the cheapest and easiest way to sharpen your brain is right in front of your face. It’s called reading.
The most basic impact occurs in the area associated with language reception. Processing written
material—from the letters to the words to the sentences to the stories themselves—puts our brain to work.
That happens when we process spoken language, too, but the very nature of reading encourages the brain to work harder and better. And the benefits of reading continue long after you’ve put down that great book. A small study at Emory University found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. “We call that a shadow activity, almost like a muscle memory,” says Gregory Berns, PhD, director of the Center for Neuro-policy at Emory. In fact, this is how reading can improve your memory.
However, not all reading is created equal. Results from a study conducted at Stanford University indicate
that close literary reading in particular gives your brain a major workout. MRI scans of people who are deep into a Jane Austen novel showed an increase in blood flowing to areas of the brain that control both cognitive and executive function, as opposed to the more limited effects that come from more leisurely reading.
The ability to read closely is something that needs to be cultivated. An author notes that even she,
someone who reads for a living, has found her ability to concentrate on the written word fading as more of what we read is on a screen. “Unfortunately, this form of reading is rarely continuous, sustained, or concentrated,” she writes.
Of course, there’s an easy solution: Turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or
two and just read.
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Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
在多样的地理环境中，生态系统在一定程度上受到了人类活动的影响。(range)
建立跨文化比较对于消除误解和冲突是至关重要的。(It)
强迫性囤积被证明是家庭成员之间频繁争吵的导火索，它也有可能威胁到个人安全。(prove)
在任何情况下，有骨气的人不会听天由命，而是不屈不挠，奋力追逐梦想。 (Under)
Guided Writing (25%)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 假设你是李华，刚进入高中，学校为新高一学生提供了各类社团，如：理财社 (money management society)，辩论社，太极社，心理社等。请写一篇文章，内容包括：
你选择哪一个社团；
你选择该社团的理由。
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