高二期末质量检测试题
英 语 学 科
注意事项:
1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效; 在本试卷上答题无效。
一、阅读部分(每题2.5分，共20题，满分50分)
(一)、阅读理解(每题2.5分，共15题，满分37.5分)
A
World Heritage sites in China
Now, China has 56 sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Ancient City of Ping Yao
Built more than 2,700 years ago, the Ancient City of Ping Yao is the best preserved ancient Han Chinese city. It gives insight into the ancient prosperous business pioneers, who established the first banks in China during Ming and Qing dynasties (14th-20th centuries).
The city was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO on December 3, 1997.
Classical Gardens of Suzhou
Suzhou, a city in East China’s Jiangsu province, is famous for its classical gardens. Built between the Northern Song Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty (11-19th century), the classical gardens of Suzhou feature miniature rocks, hills and elegant pavilions set amidst murmuring waters. The classical gardens of Suzhou were added onto the list on December 4, 1997.
Ancient Villages in southern Anhui—Xidi and Hongcun
Located in southern Anhui, Xidi and Hongcun belong to the category of architectural complexes, with a high historical and artistic value.
The villages represent the architectural features of the Huizhou-style residential houses in the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Xidi and Hongcun were added onto the list on November 30 2000.
Fujian Tulou
Located in East China’s Fujian province the 46 multi-storey earthen houses were built on a base of stone for defense purposes. The architectural arts of the Fujian Tulou can be traced back nearly 1,000 years, and their design incorporates the tradition of feng shui. Tulou was added onto the list on July 6, 2008.
For more information about the world heritage sites in China, please click the link below.
1. Which of the following sites was first listed as a World Heritage Site
A. Ancient City of Ping Yao. B. Classical Gardens of Suzhou.
C. Xidi and Hongcun. D. Fujian Tulou.
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Fujian Tulou was built with the intention of defending.
B. Ancient City of Ping Yao was the best preserved Chinese city.
C. Classical Gardens of Suzhou were built for the ancient emperors.
D. Xidi and Hongcun represent the architectural features of northern Anhui.
3. Where can the text most probably be taken from
A. A textbook. B. A website.
C. A magazine. D. A travel booklet.
B
Born in Pennsylvania in 1894, Martha Graham was one of the most famous dancers in the world. She brought modern dance to a new level of popularity in American culture.
Earlier in her life, however, she did not know that she would become a dancer. Her family was very religious and were members of the upper class. She saw a dance performance accidentally when she was 16, and then decided to become a dancer. Martha’s parents, however, did not approve of her desire to dance. At that time, people saw American dance as a lower art form. Yet Graham chose to follow her dream in her early twenties, even though she was considered too old to begin dancing.
In school, Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance. She performed for several years before moving to New York City where she wanted to make greater experiments with dance. She cooperated with music composer L.H. until 1964.Later, Graham created “Chronicle,” one of her most significant dances. It was influenced by current events including the Great Depression and the Spanish Civil War. At that time, displaying strong emotions in dance was very rare. Graham also created dances based on ancient Greek tragic stories and famous heroines.
At first, people did not react well to Graham’s style of dancing for it was quite: distinct from European ballet, which was more commonly accepted. Graham’s dances were powerful, with strong and sharp movements. In 1951,Graham established the dance program at the Juilliard School in New York City. Many of her students became famous dancers. She also taught movement to many famous people, including singers, actresses and film directors.
Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime. She was the first dancer to receive the country’s highest civilian honor. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as The “Dancer of the Century”. Her dances are still performed in New York and around the world.
4. Why did Martha’s parents oppose her dream to be a dancer
A. Their religion forbade any art form.
B. It was too late for her to begin dancing.
C. Their family belonged to the upper class.
D. They didn’t consider dance as an art form.
5. What do we know about Chronicle
A. It focuses on current events.
B. It conveys intense human feelings.
C. lt talks about ancient Greek heroines.
D. It was created by Graham and L.H.
6. What can be inferred about Martha’s dances
A. They enjoyed popularity once they appeared.
B. They were well accepted by celebrities.
C They were mainly designed at the Juilliard School.
D. They have common features with European dancing.
7. What does Martha’s story mainly tell us
A. Not all that shines is gold.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. when in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
C
Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City, Yunnan Province. It’s a famous attraction, as well as Dali’s main source of drinking water.
The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of tourism and the local economy. In 2019, the local authorities began to build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its natural ecosystem.
The project contains five parts: a 129-km road encircling the entire lake, a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake, the relocation of 1,806 households who lived within the protection area of the lake, the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem, and the construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
By the end of 2020, the road encircling the lake had been basically completed. A 12-km section of the corridor has been open to the public for free since September 2020 for a test operation. The project, which is a public-private partnership, has a total investment of 9.8 billion yuan. Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City are the main source of public funds. The corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake, with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”. These villages will benefit from the project economically, as they will be linked and gain access to enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
According to staff members of the project, the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the corridor. More migratory birds (候鸟) fly to the lake and there is less algae (海藻) in the water. It also provides a good place to exercise and go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
8. Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built
A. To treat wastewater. B. To protect wildlife.
C. To attract more tourists. D. To preserve local ecology.
9. Which of the following is involved in the project
A. Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B. Conducting research into wetland restoration.
C. Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
D. Promoting construction in the protection area.
10. What do we know about the “pearls” from paragraph 4
A. They focus on the pearl industry. B. They provide tourism opportunities.
C. They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake. D. They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
11. What do staff members think of the project
A. It needs improving. B. It works unexpectedly.
C. It turns out to be good. D. It has advantages and disadvantages.
D
Co-authored by researchers at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Texas A&M, the paper looked at nearly50 years of data testing whether facial expressions can lead people to feel the emotions related to those expressions.
“Traditional wisdom tells us that we can feel a little happier if we simply smile, or that we can get ourselves in a more serious mood if we glare, and frowning makes us feel sadder.” said Nicholas Coles, UT Ph.D. student in social psychology and leads researcher on the paper. “But psychologists have actually disagreed about this idea for over 100 years.” These disagreements became more pronounced in 2016, which are more evident especially when 17 teams of researchers failed to replicate(复制) a well-known experiment demonstrating that the physical act of smiling can make people feel happier.
“Some studies have not found evidence that facial expressions can influence emotional feelings,” Coles said.
“But we can’t focus on the results of any one study. Psychologists have been testing this idea since the early 1970s so we wanted to look at all the evidence.”
Using a statistical technique called meta-analysis, Coles and his team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants from all around the world.
According to the results of the meta-analysis, facial expressions have a small impact on feelings. “We don’t think that people can smile their way to happiness,” Coles said. “But these findings are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and the body interact to shape our conscious experience of emotion.” “We still have a lot to learn about these facial feedback effects, but this meta-analysis put us a little closer to understanding how emotions work.” Coles added.
12. Which of the following best explains “pronounced” underlined in paragraph 3
A. Obvious.
B. Professional.
C. Extreme.
D. Heated.
13. What do words in paragraph 5 and 6 suggest
A. All the evidence has already been found by researchers.
B. We need to use a statistical technique called meta-analysis.
C. Facial expressions have a huge influence on feelings.
D. Research should be comprehensive and in-depth.
14. Why do the results arouse excitement in researchers
A. They encourage people to keep a positive attitude.
B. They show people can smile their way to happiness.
C. They offer a slight indication to help with the research.
D. They support the general conventional accepted belief.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Coles’ research about facial feedback effects will still continue.
B. Studies exactly proved facial expressions influence our feelings.
C. The interaction of the body and the mind leads to real happiness.
D. The meta-analysis lets us fully understand how emotions work.
(二)七选五部分(每题2.5分，共5题，满分12.5分)
If you’ve made a routine of a daily walk, congratulations! You’re getting many benefits of a walk. But there’s one simple mistake that could be putting your life at risk. Almost 129,000 pedestrians were injured, and 5,376 were killed in traffic crashes in the United States in 2015, according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC). ___16___.
Luckily, there are some steps you can take to stay safe on foot. Sure, you drive on the right side of the road in the US, but that’s not where you should be as a pedestrian.____17____. Walking on a sidewalk can 100% guarantee your safety. But if you have to stay on the road, the CDC recommends walking toward traffic.
Seems like it couldn’t make much difference. ____18____. Simply walking against traffic instead of with it cut the risk of getting hit by a car by an average of 77%, according to the findings.
___19___. Well, if you walk the same direction you’d drive, the cars closest to you are coming from behind. That means you’d need to rely on the driver to see you and react if it’s coming up too closely. If the person behind the wheel is not absorbed, you could end up injured—or worse.
On the other hand, when you’re walking against traffic, you can see the cars heading toward you. Facing those vehicles lets you see danger coming and get out of the way if necessary, and you aren’t putting your life in the hands of every driver who passes.____20____. Or skip the busy streets entirely and learn to “mall walk” in the long corridors of shopping malls.
A. If there’s a sidewalk available, you should always use it
B. Where it is convenient and clear make sure to take the route
C. Next time you go for a walk or run, face the traffic and keep watchful
D. You may be taken aback by such a big difference between the choices
E. Look backwards and forwards all the time when you walk along the traffic
F. This means one crash-related pedestrian death every 1.6 hours
G. But a study of car accidents between 2006 and 2010 would argue otherwise
二、完形填空(每题1分，共15题，满分15分)
We have no idea what the job market will look like in 2050. It is generally agreed that machine learning and robotics will ____21____ almost every line of work — from producing yoghurt to teaching yoga. ____22____, there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency. Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become ____23____ redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run ____24____ will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.
So, are we really facing a terrifying sudden change, or are such ____25____ meant to attract people’s attention It is hard to say. Fears that automation will create considerable ____26____ go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, for every job lost to a machine at least one new job was ____27____, and the average standard of living has increased greatly.
Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different, and that machine learning will be a real ____28____. Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in ____29____ abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive. _____30_____, as physical jobs in agriculture and industry were automated, new service jobs appeared that required the kind of cognitive skills only humans possess. They include learning, _____31_____, communicating and, above all else, understanding human emotions. However, AI is now beginning to _____32_____ humans in more and more of these skills, including the understanding of human emotions.
We don’t know of any third field of activity — beyond the physical and the cognitive — where humans will always have a secure _____33_____. It is important to realize that AI revolution is not just about computers getting faster and smarter. It is also one that is being _____34_____ by our breakthroughs in the life sciences and the social sciences as well. The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and _____35_____ human drivers, bankers and lawyers.
21. A. carve B. change C. replace D. threaten
22. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Likewise
23. A. economically B. psychologically C. environmentally D. socially
24. A. urbanization B. cooperation C. competition D. automation
25. A. outcomes B. forecasts C. excuses D. reflections
26. A. damage B. emergency C. production D. unemployment
27. A. dumped B. shelved C. created D. testified
28. A. trouble-maker B. time-saver C. game-changer D. truth-seeker
29. A. physical B. mental C. social D. mathematical
30. A. By contrast B. For example C. As a result D. In addition
31. A. analyzing B. copying C. walking D. measuring
32. A. go in for B. make do with C. turn away from D. catch up with
33. A. environment B. connection C. estimation D. advantage
34. A. dampened B. defined C. fueled D. doubted
35. A. appealing B. replacing C. standardizing D. diversifying
三、语法填空(每题1.5分，共10题，满分15分)
Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To Be Joyful, To Be Young
What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I___36___(learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.
Why Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point___37___(abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully,___38___(quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.
When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞)___39___ (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!
Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face ___40___you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower,___41___decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.
One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than ___42___was objectively occurring in their lives.___43___(give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with ___44___who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed ____45____raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.
In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.
三、应用文写作(共1题，满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛。请给外教George写封邮件求助、内容包括：
1. 说明比赛要求；
2. 请他推荐英文诗；
3. 请教朗诵技巧
注意：
1. 词数120左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使内容连贯。
Dear Mr. George,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
五、读后续写(共1题，满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy -his name was Bernard-had interested her very much.
“I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.”
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money,” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”
“So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成).”
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________高二期末质量检测试题
英 语 学 科
注意事项:
1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效; 在本试卷上答题无效。
一、阅读部分(每题2.5分，共20题，满分50分)
(一)、阅读理解(每题2.5分，共15题，满分37.5分)
A
World Heritage sites in China
Now, China has 56 sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Ancient City of Ping Yao
Built more than 2,700 years ago, the Ancient City of Ping Yao is the best preserved ancient Han Chinese city. It gives insight into the ancient prosperous business pioneers, who established the first banks in China during Ming and Qing dynasties (14th-20th centuries).
The city was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO on December 3, 1997.
Classical Gardens of Suzhou
Suzhou, a city in East China’s Jiangsu province, is famous for its classical gardens. Built between the Northern Song Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty (11-19th century), the classical gardens of Suzhou feature miniature rocks, hills and elegant pavilions set amidst murmuring waters. The classical gardens of Suzhou were added onto the list on December 4, 1997.
Ancient Villages in southern Anhui—Xidi and Hongcun
Located in southern Anhui, Xidi and Hongcun belong to the category of architectural complexes, with a high historical and artistic value.
The villages represent the architectural features of the Huizhou-style residential houses in the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Xidi and Hongcun were added onto the list on November 30, 2000.
Fujian Tulou
Located in East China’s Fujian province, the 46 multi-storey earthen houses were built on a base of stone for defense purposes. The architectural arts of the Fujian Tulou can be traced back nearly 1,000 years, and their design incorporates the tradition of feng shui. Tulou was added onto the list on July 6, 2008.
For more information about the world heritage sites in China, please click the link below.
1. Which of the following sites was first listed as a World Heritage Site
A. Ancient City of Ping Yao. B. Classical Gardens of Suzhou.
C. Xidi and Hongcun. D. Fujian Tulou.
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Fujian Tulou was built with the intention of defending.
B. Ancient City of Ping Yao was the best preserved Chinese city.
C. Classical Gardens of Suzhou were built for the ancient emperors.
D. Xidi and Hongcun represent the architectural features of northern Anhui.
3. Where can the text most probably be taken from
A. A textbook. B. A website.
C. A magazine. D. A travel booklet.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍中国一些被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录的遗址。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Ancient City of Ping Yao中“The city was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO on December 3, 1997.(该市于1997年12月3日被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产。)”以及结合后面的遗址列入世界遗产名录的时间来看，平遥古城是最早被列入的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Fujian Tulou中“Located in East China’s Fujian province, the 46 multi-storey earthen houses were built on a base of stone for defense purposes.(位于中国东部的福建省，这46座多层土房建在石头底座上，用于防御。)”可知，福建土楼是为了防御而建造的。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“For more information about the world heritage sites in China, please click the link below.(有关中国世界遗产的更多信息，请点击下面的链接。)”可知，本篇文章应来自于网络。故选B项。
B
Born in Pennsylvania in 1894, Martha Graham was one of the most famous dancers in the world. She brought modern dance to a new level of popularity in American culture.
Earlier in her life, however, she did not know that she would become a dancer. Her family was very religious and were members of the upper class. She saw a dance performance accidentally when she was 16, and then decided to become a dancer. Martha’s parents, however, did not approve of her desire to dance. At that time, people saw American dance as a lower art form. Yet Graham chose to follow her dream in her early twenties, even though she was considered too old to begin dancing.
In school, Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance. She performed for several years before moving to New York City where she wanted to make greater experiments with dance. She cooperated with music composer L.H. until 1964.Later, Graham created “Chronicle,” one of her most significant dances. It was influenced by current events including the Great Depression and the Spanish Civil War. At that time, displaying strong emotions in dance was very rare. Graham also created dances based on ancient Greek tragic stories and famous heroines.
At first, people did not react well to Graham’s style of dancing for it was quite: distinct from European ballet, which was more commonly accepted. Graham’s dances were powerful, with strong and sharp movements. In 1951,Graham established the dance program at the Juilliard School in New York City. Many of her students became famous dancers. She also taught movement to many famous people, including singers, actresses and film directors.
Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime. She was the first dancer to receive the country’s highest civilian honor. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as The “Dancer of the Century”. Her dances are still performed in New York and around the world.
4. Why did Martha’s parents oppose her dream to be a dancer
A. Their religion forbade any art form.
B. It was too late for her to begin dancing.
C. Their family belonged to the upper class.
D. They didn’t consider dance as an art form.
5. What do we know about Chronicle
A. It focuses on current events.
B. It conveys intense human feelings.
C. lt talks about ancient Greek heroines.
D. It was created by Graham and L.H.
6. What can be inferred about Martha’s dances
A. They enjoyed popularity once they appeared.
B. They were well accepted by celebrities.
C. They were mainly designed at the Juilliard School.
D. They have common features with European dancing.
7. What does Martha’s story mainly tell us
A. Not all that shines is gold.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. when in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本篇介绍了Martha Graham的舞蹈经历以及她创造的舞种，最终成为一代舞蹈家的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Her family was very religious and were members of the upper class.（她的家庭非常虔诚，是上流社会的成员。）”以及“At that time, people saw American dance as a lower art form.（当时，人们认为美国舞蹈是一种低级的艺术形式。）”可知，她的父母反对她成为舞蹈家的梦想是因为她的家庭属于上流社会，且当时人们认为舞蹈是一种低级的艺术形式，故选择C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Later, Graham created “Chronicle,” one of her most significant dances. It was influenced by current events including the Great Depression and the Spanish Civil War. At that time, displaying strong emotions in dance was very rare（后来，格雷厄姆创作了Chronicle，这是她最重要的舞蹈之一。它受到了包括大萧条和西班牙内战在内的时事的影响。在当时，在舞蹈中表现出强烈的情感是非常罕见的）”可知，Chronicle表达强烈的情感，故选择B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“In 1951，,Graham established the dance program at the Juilliard School in New York City. Many of her students became famous dancers. She also taught movement to many famous people, including singers, actresses and film directors.（1951年，格雷厄姆在纽约市的茱莉亚音乐学院建立了舞蹈项目。她的许多学生都成了著名的舞蹈家。她还为许多名人教授动作，包括歌手、女演员和电影导演。）”可知，她的舞蹈受到名人们的喜爱，故选择B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，主人公Martha Graham立志成为舞蹈家，不断追求，最后成功，可知，作者想要表达的是世上无难事，只怕有心人。D项符合题意，故选择D项。
C
Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City, Yunnan Province. It’s a famous attraction, as well as Dali’s main source of drinking water.
The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of tourism and the local economy. In 2019, the local authorities began to build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its natural ecosystem.
The project contains five parts: a 129-km road encircling the entire lake, a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake, the relocation of 1,806 households who lived within the protection area of the lake, the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem, and the construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
By the end of 2020, the road encircling the lake had been basically completed. A 12-km section of the corridor has been open to the public for free since September 2020 for a test operation. The project, which is a public-private partnership, has a total investment of 9.8 billion yuan. Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City are the main source of public funds. The corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake, with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”. These villages will benefit from the project economically, as they will be linked and gain access to enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
According to staff members of the project, the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the corridor. More migratory birds (候鸟) fly to the lake and there is less algae (海藻) in the water. It also provides a good place to exercise and go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
8. Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built
A. To treat wastewater. B. To protect wildlife.
C. To attract more tourists. D. To preserve local ecology.
9. Which of the following is involved in the project
A. Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B. Conducting research into wetland restoration.
C. Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
D. Promoting construction in the protection area.
10. What do we know about the “pearls” from paragraph 4
A. They focus on the pearl industry. B. They provide tourism opportunities.
C. They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake. D. They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
11. What do staff members think of the project
A It needs improving. B. It works unexpectedly.
C. It turns out to be good. D. It has advantages and disadvantages.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“洱海生态廊道”在改善洱海生态环境方面所起的积极作用。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2019, the local authorities began to build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its natural ecosystem.(2019年，当地政府开始建设洱海生态走廊环境保护体系，保护洱海免受污染，恢复自然生态系统)”可知，建立洱海生态廊道的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The project contains five parts: a 129-km road encircling the entire lake, a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake, the relocation of 1,806 households who lived within the protection area of the lake, the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem, and the construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.(该项目包括五个部分：129公里环湖公路、污水截流管道系统、湖泊保护区内1806户居民搬迁、湖泊湿地和生态系统恢复、湿地恢复研究实验田建设)”可知，B项“开展湿地恢复研究”包含在该项目中。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“The corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake, with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”. These villages will benefit from the project economically, as they will be linked and gain access to enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.(这条走廊被描述为环绕湖泊的“珍珠项链”，位于洱海沿岸的村庄是“珍珠”。这些村庄将在经济上受益于该项目，因为它们将被连接起来，并获得增强的环湖交通和旅游业的机会)”可知，“珍珠”指的是洱海沿岸的村庄，这些村庄因该项目获得了环湖交通和发展旅游业的机会，因此这些村庄受益于该项目。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to staff members of the project, the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the corridor. More migratory birds (候鸟) fly to the lake and there is less algae (海藻) in the water. It also provides a good place to exercise and go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.(据项目工作人员介绍，在走廊建设期间，湖泊的水质已经有了很大的改善。更多的候鸟飞到湖中，水中的藻类也更少了。它也为城市居民和游客提供了一个锻炼和观光的好地方)”推知，工作人员认为该项目很好。故选C。
D
Co-authored by researchers at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Texas A&M, the paper looked at nearly50 years of data testing whether facial expressions can lead people to feel the emotions related to those expressions.
“Traditional wisdom tells us that we can feel a little happier if we simply smile, or that we can get ourselves in a more serious mood if we glare, and frowning makes us feel sadder.” said Nicholas Coles, UT Ph.D. student in social psychology and leads researcher on the paper. “But psychologists have actually disagreed about this idea for over 100 years.” These disagreements became more pronounced in 2016, which are more evident especially when 17 teams of researchers failed to replicate(复制) a well-known experiment demonstrating that the physical act of smiling can make people feel happier.
“Some studies have not found evidence that facial expressions can influence emotional feelings,” Coles said.
“But we can’t focus on the results of any one study. Psychologists have been testing this idea since the early 1970s so we wanted to look at all the evidence.”
Using a statistical technique called meta-analysis, Coles and his team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants from all around the world.
According to the results of the meta-analysis, facial expressions have a small impact on feelings. “We don’t think that people can smile their way to happiness,” Coles said. “But these findings are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and the body interact to shape our conscious experience of emotion.” “We still have a lot to learn about these facial feedback effects, but this meta-analysis put us a little closer to understanding how emotions work.” Coles added.
12. Which of the following best explains “pronounced” underlined in paragraph 3
A. Obvious.
B. Professional.
C. Extreme.
D. Heated.
13. What do words in paragraph 5 and 6 suggest
A. All the evidence has already been found by researchers.
B. We need to use a statistical technique called meta-analysis.
C. Facial expressions have a huge influence on feelings.
D. Research should be comprehensive and in-depth.
14. Why do the results arouse excitement in researchers
A. They encourage people to keep a positive attitude.
B They show people can smile their way to happiness.
C. They offer a slight indication to help with the research.
D. They support the general conventional accepted belief.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Coles’ research about facial feedback effects will still continue.
B. Studies exactly proved facial expressions influence our feelings.
C. The interaction of the body and the mind leads to real happiness.
D The meta-analysis lets us fully understand how emotions work.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文研究讨论了表情与调节心情之间的关系。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“which are more evident especially when 17 teams of researchers failed to replicate a well-known experiment demonstrating that the physical act of smiling can make people feel happier. (尤其是当17个研究团队未能复制一个著名的实验时更加明显了，该实验证明微笑的身体行为可以让人们感到更快乐。)”可知，该句为一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前文的These disagreements，从句中作表语的形容词为evident表示“明显的”，划线单词同样也是作表语，故两个词应为同义词或近义词。A项obvious表示“明显的”，属同义词。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“But we can’t focus on the results of any one study.(但我们不能只关注任何一项研究的结果。)”和第六段“Using a statistical technique called meta-analysis, Coles and his team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants from all around the world.(科尔斯和他的团队使用一种名为元分析的统计技术，综合了138项研究的数据，这些研究对来自世界各地的1.1万多名参与者进行了测试。)”可知，不能只关注一项研究结果，而应该综合考虑和深入了解多个研究数据。故选D项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But these findings are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and the body interact to shape our conscious experience of emotion.(但这些发现令人兴奋，因为它们提供了一个线索，说明大脑和身体是如何相互作用来塑造我们对情感的有意识体验的。)”可知这些发现为研究提供了一个线索。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据““We still have a lot to learn about these facial feedback effects, but this meta-analysis put us a little closer to understanding how emotions work.” Coles added.(“关于这些面部反馈效应，我们还有很多需要了解的地方，但这项荟萃分析让我们更接近于理解情绪是如何工作的。”科尔斯补充道。)”可知，还有很多有待探索和研究，由此推测Coles的研究可能会继续。故选A项。
(二)七选五部分(每题2.5分，共5题，满分12.5分)
If you’ve made a routine of a daily walk, congratulations! You’re getting many benefits of a walk. But there’s one simple mistake that could be putting your life at risk. Almost 129,000 pedestrians were injured, and 5,376 were killed in traffic crashes in the United States in 2015, according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC). ___16___.
Luckily, there are some steps you can take to stay safe on foot. Sure, you drive on the right side of the road in the US, but that’s not where you should be as a pedestrian.____17____. Walking on a sidewalk can 100% guarantee your safety. But if you have to stay on the road, the CDC recommends walking toward traffic.
Seems like it couldn’t make much difference. ____18____. Simply walking against traffic instead of with it cut the risk of getting hit by a car by an average of 77%, according to the findings.
___19___. Well, if you walk the same direction you’d drive, the cars closest to you are coming from behind. That means you’d need to rely on the driver to see you and react if it’s coming up too closely. If the person behind the wheel is not absorbed, you could end up injured—or worse.
On the other hand, when you’re walking against traffic, you can see the cars heading toward you. Facing those vehicles lets you see danger coming and get out of the way if necessary, and you aren’t putting your life in the hands of every driver who passes.____20____. Or skip the busy streets entirely and learn to “mall walk” in the long corridors of shopping malls.
A. If there’s a sidewalk available, you should always use it
B. Where it is convenient and clear, make sure to take the route
C. Next time you go for a walk or run, face the traffic and keep watchful
D. You may be taken aback by such a big difference between the choices
E. Look backwards and forwards all the time when you walk along the traffic
F. This means one crash-related pedestrian death every 1.6 hours
G. But a study of car accidents between 2006 and 2010 would argue otherwise
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要内容是根据疾病控制中心(CDC)的数据显示2015年，美国有近12.9万名行人受伤，5376人在交通事故中丧生。在人行道上可以确保100%的安全，但在马路上可以保持逆行来提高安全系数。
【16题详解】
根据空前Almost 129,000 pedestrians were injured, and 5,376 were killed in traffic crashes in the United States in 2015, according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC). 根据疾病控制中心(CDC)的数据，2015年，美国有近12.9万名行人受伤，5376人在交通事故中丧生，可知，F选项语意（这意味着每1.6小时就有一名行人因车祸死亡）承接上文，数值是关键信息，pedestrian和前文呼应，故选F。
【17题详解】
根据空后的Walking on a sidewalk can 100% guarantee your safety. 在人行道上行走可以100%保证你的安全。由此可知，A选项中的sidewalk和空后内容相呼应，且语意（如果有人行道，你应该经常走）承接上下文，故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上下文Seems like it couldn’t make much difference.…Simply walking against traffic instead of with it cut the risk of getting hit by a car by an average of 77%, according to the findings. 看起来没什么区别。……研究发现，仅仅是逆行而不是顺行就能将被车撞到的风险平均降低77%。由此可知，G选项中的a study和空后的findings相呼应，且语意（但一项关于2006年至2010年之间交通事故的研究表明，情况并非如此）承接上下文，和前文构成转折关系，故选G。
【19题详解】
分析文章结构可知，空处填主旨句，概括空后内容，根据下文内容可知，如果你沿着开车的方向走，离你最近的车是从后面开过来的。这意味着你需要依靠司机来观察你，如果车开得太近，你需要做出反应。如果开车的人没有全神贯注，你可能会受伤，甚至更糟。由此可知，此处阐述顺行也可能会使你受伤，故空处表示，选择顺行和逆行能够产生巨大差异，D项能概括下文内容，且下文内容用来解释说明主旨句，故选D。
【20题详解】
分析文章结构可知，本段为总结段，根据上下文“面对这些车辆可以让你看到危险的来临，必要的时候避开它们，你不会把自己的生命交到每一个路过的司机手中。……或者干脆跳过繁忙的街道，学会在购物中心长长的走廊里‘逛商场’。”可知，C选项中的go for, face, keep和空后的skip构成并列关系，且语意（下次你去散步或跑步时，要面对交通并保持警惕）承接上下文，故选C。
二、完形填空(每题1分，共15题，满分15分)
We have no idea what the job market will look like in 2050. It is generally agreed that machine learning and robotics will ____21____ almost every line of work — from producing yoghurt to teaching yoga. ____22____, there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency. Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become ____23____ redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run ____24____ will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.
So, are we really facing a terrifying sudden change, or are such ____25____ meant to attract people’s attention It is hard to say. Fears that automation will create considerable ____26____ go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, for every job lost to a machine at least one new job was ____27____, and the average standard of living has increased greatly.
Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different, and that machine learning will be a real ____28____. Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in ____29____ abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive. _____30_____, as physical jobs in agriculture and industry were automated, new service jobs appeared that required the kind of cognitive skills only humans possess. They include learning, _____31_____, communicating and, above all else, understanding human emotions. However, AI is now beginning to _____32_____ humans in more and more of these skills, including the understanding of human emotions.
We don’t know of any third field of activity — beyond the physical and the cognitive — where humans will always have a secure _____33_____. It is important to realize that AI revolution is not just about computers getting faster and smarter. It is also one that is being _____34_____ by our breakthroughs in the life sciences and the social sciences as well. The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and _____35_____ human drivers, bankers and lawyers.
21. A. carve B. change C. replace D. threaten
22. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Likewise
23. A. economically B. psychologically C. environmentally D. socially
24. A. urbanization B. cooperation C. competition D. automation
25. A. outcomes B. forecasts C. excuses D. reflections
26. A. damage B. emergency C. production D. unemployment
27. A. dumped B. shelved C. created D. testified
28. A. trouble-maker B. time-saver C. game-changer D. truth-seeker
29. A. physical B. mental C. social D. mathematical
30. A. By contrast B. For example C. As a result D. In addition
31. A. analyzing B. copying C. walking D. measuring
32. A. go in for B. make do with C. turn away from D. catch up with
33. A. environment B. connection C. estimation D. advantage
34. A. dampened B. defined C. fueled D. doubted
35. A. appealing B. replacing C. standardizing D. diversifying
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了科技发展人工智能对于就业带来的影响。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，机器学习和机器人技术将改变几乎每一项工作——从生产酸奶到教授瑜伽。A. carve雕刻；B. change改变；C. replace取代；D. threaten威胁。根据下文“there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency(关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点)”可知，这里说的是机器人给每项工作带来的改变，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Likewise同样地。根据下文“there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency(关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点)”可知，这里使用However表转折符合句意，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有人认为，只要再过10年或20年，数十亿人将在经济上变得多余。A. economically经济上；B. psychologically心理上地；C. environmentally与环境有关地；D. socially社会上。根据下文“Fears that automation will create considerable ____6____ go back to the 19’century(自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪)”可知，这里说的是，自动化会造成大量失业，所以是经济上的多余，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。A. urbanization城市化；B. cooperation合作；C. competition竞争；D. automation自动化。根据上文“Fears that automation will create considerable ____6____ go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true(对自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪，但到目前为止，这些担忧从未实现。)”可知，这里要说的是机器自动化会创造新的就业就会，故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们真的面临着可怕的突然变化吗？还是这样的预测是为了吸引人们的注意力？A. outcomes结果；B. forecasts预测；C. excuses借口；D. reflections反映。根据上文“Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become ____3____ redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run ____4____ will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.（一些人认为，在短短的一二十年内，数十亿人将在社会上变得多余。其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。）”可知，这里说的是上文中的这些预测是真的吗？故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪，但到目前为止，这些担忧从未实现。A. damage损害；B. emergency紧急情况；C. production生产；D. unemployment失业。根据上文“Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become ____3____ redundant (多余的).(一些人认为，在短短的一二十年内，数十亿人将在社会上变得多余。)”可知，这里说的是自动化会造成失业，故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自工业革命开始以来，机器每失去一个工作岗位，就至少创造了一个新的工作岗位，平均生活水平大大提高。A. dumped倾倒；B. shelved搁置；C. created创造；D. testified证明。根据上文“Others think that, even in the long run ____4____ will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.(其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。)”可知，这里说的是失去一个工作岗位的同时就会创造一个新的工作岗位，故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有充分的理由认为，这一次不同了，机器学习将真正改变游戏规则。A. trouble-maker 麻烦制造者；B. time-saver节省时间者；C. game-changer力挽狂澜者；D. truth-seeker寻求真相者。根据上文“Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different”可知，这里要说的是改变游戏规则，人工智能在很多方面开始赶上人类，故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。A. physical身体；B. mental心理的；C. social社交的；D. mathematical数学的。根据下文“while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive (而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势)”可知，这里说的是机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，随着农业和工业中的体力工作实现自动化，出现了新的服务性工作，这些工作需要只有人类才能拥有的那种认知技能。A. By contrast相比较而言；B. For example例如；C. As a result因此；D. In addition另外。结合上下句的句意可知，此处使用As a result“因此”来构成因果关系，符合句意，故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们包括学习、分析、交流，最重要的是理解人类的情感。A. analyzing分析；B. copying复制；C. walking散步；D. measuring测量。根据上文“while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive (而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势)”可知，这里要说的是一种认知能力，analyzing“分析”符合句意，故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，人工智能现在开始在越来越多的这些技能上赶上人类，包括对人类情绪的理解。A. go in for对……感兴趣；B. make do with凑合着用；C. turn away from厌恶；D. catch up with赶上。根据上文“In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in ____9____ abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive.(过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。)”可知，现在人工智能在这些认知能力上也开始赶上人类，故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道除了身体和认知之外，还有任何第三个活动领域会让人类始终拥有安全的优势。A. environment环境；B. connection连接；C. estimation评价；D. advantage优势。根据上文“Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in ____9____ abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive.(人类拥有两种能力——身体的和认知的。过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。)”可知，这里说的是没有第三种优势，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是由我们在生命科学和社会科学方面的突破所推动的。A. dampened依靠；B. defined下定义；C. fueled加强；D. doubted怀疑。根据下文“The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and ____15____ human drivers, bankers and lawyers.(我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策，并取代人类司机、银行家和律师。)”可知，这里说的是生命科学和社会科学的突破推动了计算机的发展，故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策，并取代人类司机、银行家和律师。A. appealing呼吁；B. replacing取代；C. standardizing使标准化；D. diversifying多样化。根据上文“The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions(我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策)”可知，计算机能够分析人类情绪，预测人类决策进而会取代这些岗位，故选B项。
三、语法填空(每题1.5分，共10题，满分15分)
Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To Be Joyful, To Be Young
What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I___36___(learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.
Why Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point___37___(abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully,___38___(quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.
When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞)___39___ (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!
Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face ___40___you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower,___41___decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.
One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than ___42___was objectively occurring in their lives.___43___(give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with ___44___who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed ____45____raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.
In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.
【答案】36. have learned
37. abandoning
38. quit 39. to grow
40. so that
41. which 42. what
43. Given/Having been given
44. those 45. despite/though/although
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇哲理感悟。要快乐，要年轻。到底是什么让饮食和生活方式发生可持续的变化 可能不是你想的那样。在过去30年的临床研究中，作者认识到真正的关键是快乐和自由。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去30年的临床研究中，我认识到真正的关键是快乐和自由。根据In the past 30 years可知句子用现在完成时态，再根据句子主语I，可知答案为have learned。
【37题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：放弃你喜欢的东西是没有意义的，除非你能更快得到更好的东西。固定句式：There’s no point doing sth.“做某事毫无意义”，故答案为abandoning。
【38题详解】
考查并列谓语。句意：当人们吃得更健康，戒烟，更好地管理压力时，他们才会发现自己感觉更好，而且很快。此处是并列谓语，故答案为quit。
【39题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：两项研究表明，仅仅是每周步行3个小时，持续3个月，就会导致如此多的神经元生长，这实际上增加了人们大脑的大小!固定句式：cause +宾语+to do sth.“引起……做某事”，此处是动词不定式作宾语补足语，故答案为to grow。
【40题详解】
考查目的状语从句。句意：相反，不健康的饮食、持续的情绪压力和吸烟会减少流向面部的血液，从而加速衰老。结合句意可知此处是so that引导的目的状语从句，故答案为so that。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：吸烟会加速衰老，因为尼古丁会使你血管变细，从而减少流向面部的血液，使其过早起皱。前面整个句子作先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句用which引导，故答案为which。
【42题详解】
考查比较状语从句。句意：最有趣的发现之一是，母亲对压力的意识比她们生活中客观发生的事情更重要。此处是比较状语从句，than后面的从句缺少引导词和主语，所填词其双重作用，故答案为what。
【43题详解】
考查过去分词或现在分词完成式的被动式。句意：在一份调查问卷中，研究人员要求这些女性对自己每天感受到的压力进行三分制评分。句子主语the women和动词give之间是被动关系，且give动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，所以这里用过去分词或现在分词完成式的被动式作时间状语。故答案为Given/Having been given。
【44题详解】
考查替代。句意：与那些感到放松的女性相比，那些意识到自己处于巨大压力下的女性，染色体端粒明显缩短和受损。此处表示替代，用those替代前面的The women，故答案为those。
【45题详解】
考查介词+doing或连词+doing结构。句意：相反，一些尽管养育了残疾儿童却感到放松的女性，染色体端粒看起来更正常。此处相当于让步状语从句，结合句意可知答案为despite/though/although。
三、应用文写作(共1题，满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛。请给外教George写封邮件求助、内容包括：
1. 说明比赛要求；
2. 请他推荐英文诗；
3. 请教朗诵技巧。
注意：
1. 词数120左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使内容连贯。
Dear Mr. George,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. George,
I’m writing to ask for your help.
To offer students an opportunity to enjoy the beauty of poems, the English Poetry Recitation Contest is to be held next Friday, in which each participant is required to recite an English poem in five minutes.
However, I have encountered a tricky problem in selecting English poetry, for which I sincerely hope that you could recommend one for me. Besides, I’ve been exerting myself to read poems.Yet I fail to grasp the skills of it. Would you be kind enough to provide me with professional guidance
Your generous assistance and immediate response are enthusiastically expected and truly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛。请给外教George写封邮件求助。内容包括：1. 说明比赛要求；2. 请他推荐英文诗；3. 请教朗诵技巧。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：opportunity→chance
遇到：encounter→come across
掌握：grasp→master
此外：besides=in addition
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Besides, I’ve been exerting myself to read poems.Yet I fail to grasp the skills of it.
拓展句：Besides, I’ve been exerting myself to read poems, but I fail to grasp the skills of it.
【点睛】[高分句型1] To offer students an opportunity to enjoy the beauty of poems, the English Poetry Recitation Contest is to be held next Friday, in which each participant is required to recite an English poem in five minutes.(运用了不定式作目的状语及in which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] However, I have encountered a tricky problem in selecting English poetry, for which I sincerely hope that you could recommend one for me. (运用了for which引导的非限定性定语从句及that引导的宾语从句)
五、读后续写(共1题，满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy -his name was Bernard-had interested her very much.
“I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.”
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money,” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”
“So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成).”
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. So, they went to the local supermarket together. They bought a bag of corn and some special bags for popcorn. When they got home, they made a lot of popcorn and put it in the special bags. With the popcorn, they went to Bernard’s home. They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn. Bernard and his parents were very grateful. And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. He took the popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn. He earned a lot of money. Then, he wanted to be self-dependent. Therefore, he asked Mrs. Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn. After that, not only did he sell popcorn, but he also added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better. Bernard grew up to be a remarkable man. He did not forget the help of Meredith’s family, and he also did what he could to help those in need.
【解析】
【分析】本文是根据短文进行续写，使之成为一个完整的故事。
【详解】1.认真读懂所给提供的材料:善良的Meredith一家住在一个小社区里，他们想帮助一个贫困的家庭。那家的男主人生病卧床，女主人要照顾丈夫、无法外出赚钱，家中的小男孩Bernard也做不了什么事情，生活十分困难。后来，Meredith的孩子想出了一个主意--制作爆米花，让Bernard去卖爆米花。
2.根据所给材料确定文章主题:Meredith如何通过制作和卖爆米花帮助Bernard一家摆脱困境的。
3.续写部分和前面的文章衔接得上，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的向后延续发展要合乎情理。
4.根据第一段首句When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too.(当Meredith太太听到John的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意)可以针对如何实现制作爆米花这个提议展开构思；根据第二段首句With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.(一切准备就绪后，Bernard开始了他的新生意)可以针对Bernard如何通过卖爆米花让家庭摆脱困境展开构思。
5.续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形式多样化，适当的使用一些高级句式和高级词汇，以提高书面表达的档次和可读性。作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题干要求，句子结构准确，适当补充信息，使篇章结构连贯。
