人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1Science and Scientists Discover useful structures 课件(共25张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1Science and Scientists Discover useful structures 课件(共25张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-08-01 08:57:42 | ||
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(共25张PPT)
Discovering useful structures
UNIT 1 ART
动词不定式作主语和表语
They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again.
The reward makes us much more likely to continue the habit cycle.
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it.
To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.
object 宾语
attribute 定语
complement 补足语
adverbial 状语
object 宾语
predicative 表语
adverbial 状语
Tip 1:
动词不定式可以在句中作______、______、______、______、______、________的成分。
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补足语
Read these sentences and fill in the blanks using the correct words.
Perhaps the best _____ to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
During the Middle Ages, the _______ of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
In this work, Monet’s ____ was to convey the light and movement in the scene ...
___________________________ was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
way
purpose
aim
What they attempted to do
动词不定式 在句中作表语
1. 结构
动词不定式可以放在 be和 become, sound, taste 等__________后
面作表语，由“(to) +动词原形”构成。
2. 时态
动词不定式作表语时，如果不定式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系应使用__________如果是被动关系应该使用___________。
例1：His goal is _____________ (be) a volunteer at the local hospital in the coming holidays.
例2：His goal is ______________(admit) into Peking University this summer.
:
动词不定式
系动词
to become
to be admitted
to do
to be done
Summarizing
“不定式作表语” 的实质是：be是系动词，be 前的主语和be后的表语是同位概念，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用，主语往往是表示“目的，目标，想法，愿望，任务，责任等”的名词，如：_______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________还可以由what 或者all引导的名词性从句等。
intention, plan, purpose, aim ,duty，hope，idea，concern，job，plan，problem，suggestion，wish, chance,method
Lead-in
1.Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all.
2. What he wanted to suggest was to cut down the price and increase the sales.
3.He is to clean the room.
4. He seems (to be) depressed.
5. The plan proves (to be) successful.
【自主发现】 上面句中动词不定式形式，通常放在______________之后，在句中作_________。
连系动词
表语
Tip 1：动词不定式作表语时，说明主语的具体内容或目的，主语一般是：_________________________________________________
___________________或者以 ________________________ 。
Tip2: wh-词+动词不定式句式：根据表达需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括 what, who, how, when, where 等。
eg: What they wanted to know was when to hold an art exhibition in their city.
what引导的名词性从句
aim, purpose, dream, decision, task, difficulty, suggestion,
hope, duty,way等
常见动词不定式作表语情况：
1.My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.
2.What I would suggest is not to put off the meeting.
3. Water must be pure if it is to be drunk.
4. All of his personal stuffs are not to be sold.
1. All he wanted was _______________.
他只想一个人待着。
2. The least I can do to help is ________________.
我所能帮的最起码的事是借给她一辆车。
to be left alone
to lend her a car
Tip 3：当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词_____或者主语被___________________或形容词________修饰时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。
only, first, one, least
最高级
all
1. Who is _____________ the fire
谁应为这场大火承担责任？
2. The house is _________. 此房出租。
Tip 4：某些动词不定式(短语)作表语时，需用主动形式表示__________。
to blame for
to let
被动意义
Tip 5: 动词不定式可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合，构成___________，在句中可作______、______和______。
不定式短语
Observe and explore.
When to start has not been decided yet.
Do you know where to find Tom
My main concern is how to get there on time.
subject 主语
object 宾语
predicative 表语
主语
宾语
表语
注意：
动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主句主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，可省略作表语的动词不定式（短语）里的不定式符号to:
1. 我们试图要做的是挽救地球。
What we’re trying to do is save Earth.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. 晚上他做过的唯一的事是读报纸。
In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
________________________________________________________________________________
1. 动词不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或者表示将来含义的动作，且谓语动词常用_______。如：
To be calm in danger is very important/significant.
To win the game is possible.
To see is to believe.
To work with him is a great pleasure
2. 动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用__作形式主语，而将动词不定式短语置于句末。如：
It is important to learn English well.
单数
Presentation
it
It做形式主语，其常见句型如下：
1. It＋is＋名词＋to do sth
It’s our duty to protect the natural environment.
2. It took sb some time/money＋to do sth
It took us three hours to finish the report.
3. It＋be＋形容词＋for/of sb＋to do sth
It’s very generous of you to donate us a large sum of money.
It is necessary for children to form good habits at an early age.
4. It seems/appears＋形容词＋to do sth
It seemed impossible to catch up with them in 20 minutes.
补充：动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区别
动词不定式和v-ing作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致， 即若句子的主语为v-ing，则表语也应使用v-ing；若主语为动词不定式，则表语也应使用动词不定式。
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
动词不定式和v-ing作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外:
当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语。
Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.
若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing作表语。
My favorite sport is swimming.
What I hate most is being laughed at.
Use the correct forms of the words to fill in the blanks.
________ (read) aloud is good for your English learning.
It is quite necessary ________ (read) it again.
________ (see) is to believe.
________ (see) is believing.
拓展: to do as the subject VS doing as the subject
Reading
to read
To see
Seeing
Tip 6: 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别：
_______作主语特指一次性的、具体的动作；_______作主语泛指一般的或习惯性的动作。且作主语和表语的不定式或动名词需保持________。
to do
doing
一致
动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般不定式符to不能省略,但以下情况下可省略：
1. all作主语其后的定语从句有do的某种形式时：
All we need to do is live each day with hope.
2.what引导的从句作主语时，从句中含有do的某种形式时：
What I want to do is take a holiday right away.
3.主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，其后的定语从句或短语中有do的某种形式时：
In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
The most meaningful thing he wants to do is ______ (help) the poor.
This year, his plan is _______ (make) some changes in the teaching method.
What I suggest is _______ (start) work at once.
One of her hobbies is _________ (collect) stamps.
I think it is your brother who is _______ (blame) for the accident.
即学即练
help
to make
to start
collecting
to blame
Suppose you are ________ (be) a journalist for China Daily, do you know what kind of jobs they have
You are ______________ (reward) if you have made a breakthrough.
The students trust her very much; as a result, her advice is __________ (influence) their decisions.
to be
to be rewarded
to influence
3. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people ________(wash) their hands with soap and water.
4. The next step is ________ sure that you know exactly what is required.
5. The purpose of education is __________ (develop) a fine personality in children.
to wash
to make
to develop
1. The motto of the little boy who was suffering from a muscle disease was _______ (live) one day at a time.
2. It is you, including your cousin, that ____________ (blame) for the loss of the golden chance.
to live
are to blame
Practise
Match the sentence halves.
Discover what these subjects share in common by using the following table.
Meaning / Construct Subject
an action for some purpose
a way of action
advice
responsibility
a clause
intention, plan, purpose, aim
way, things, business, habit, principle, vocation, chance, method
suggestion, thought
duty, order
What ... attempted ..., All ... wanted ...
The young singer's intention of performing the song was ___________________________________.(与歌迷们分享他对摇滚乐的热爱)
The best way to do business is ____________________
___________________.(建立你和客户之间的信任)
3. What the survivors attempted to do was _____________
________________________.（为拯救他们生命的英雄们立碑）
4. The main purpose of art education in schools is ________
_________________________.(激发学生的创造力)
5. When you are faced with a serious decision, my suggestion is _________________________.(听从你内心的声音)
to share his love for rock music with his fans
to build trust between
you and your client
to build a memorial to
the heroes who saved their lives
to inspire students to be creative
to listen to your inner voice
3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的 ,可以在不定式前加一个由 for/of 引起的短语,构成__________。
2. 不定式作主语时,可以用it作_______________.
It is+adj+ for sb to do ……
5. It is+adj+ of sb to do………
（修饰人品形容词）
（修饰物的形容词）
1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词_________
单数
形式主语
不定式的复合结构
Summary
6. It is+n.+for sb to do ……
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth.
THANKS !
Discovering useful structures
UNIT 1 ART
动词不定式作主语和表语
They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again.
The reward makes us much more likely to continue the habit cycle.
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it.
To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.
object 宾语
attribute 定语
complement 补足语
adverbial 状语
object 宾语
predicative 表语
adverbial 状语
Tip 1:
动词不定式可以在句中作______、______、______、______、______、________的成分。
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补足语
Read these sentences and fill in the blanks using the correct words.
Perhaps the best _____ to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
During the Middle Ages, the _______ of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
In this work, Monet’s ____ was to convey the light and movement in the scene ...
___________________________ was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
way
purpose
aim
What they attempted to do
动词不定式 在句中作表语
1. 结构
动词不定式可以放在 be和 become, sound, taste 等__________后
面作表语，由“(to) +动词原形”构成。
2. 时态
动词不定式作表语时，如果不定式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系应使用__________如果是被动关系应该使用___________。
例1：His goal is _____________ (be) a volunteer at the local hospital in the coming holidays.
例2：His goal is ______________(admit) into Peking University this summer.
:
动词不定式
系动词
to become
to be admitted
to do
to be done
Summarizing
“不定式作表语” 的实质是：be是系动词，be 前的主语和be后的表语是同位概念，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用，主语往往是表示“目的，目标，想法，愿望，任务，责任等”的名词，如：_______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________还可以由what 或者all引导的名词性从句等。
intention, plan, purpose, aim ,duty，hope，idea，concern，job，plan，problem，suggestion，wish, chance,method
Lead-in
1.Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all.
2. What he wanted to suggest was to cut down the price and increase the sales.
3.He is to clean the room.
4. He seems (to be) depressed.
5. The plan proves (to be) successful.
【自主发现】 上面句中动词不定式形式，通常放在______________之后，在句中作_________。
连系动词
表语
Tip 1：动词不定式作表语时，说明主语的具体内容或目的，主语一般是：_________________________________________________
___________________或者以 ________________________ 。
Tip2: wh-词+动词不定式句式：根据表达需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括 what, who, how, when, where 等。
eg: What they wanted to know was when to hold an art exhibition in their city.
what引导的名词性从句
aim, purpose, dream, decision, task, difficulty, suggestion,
hope, duty,way等
常见动词不定式作表语情况：
1.My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.
2.What I would suggest is not to put off the meeting.
3. Water must be pure if it is to be drunk.
4. All of his personal stuffs are not to be sold.
1. All he wanted was _______________.
他只想一个人待着。
2. The least I can do to help is ________________.
我所能帮的最起码的事是借给她一辆车。
to be left alone
to lend her a car
Tip 3：当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词_____或者主语被___________________或形容词________修饰时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。
only, first, one, least
最高级
all
1. Who is _____________ the fire
谁应为这场大火承担责任？
2. The house is _________. 此房出租。
Tip 4：某些动词不定式(短语)作表语时，需用主动形式表示__________。
to blame for
to let
被动意义
Tip 5: 动词不定式可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合，构成___________，在句中可作______、______和______。
不定式短语
Observe and explore.
When to start has not been decided yet.
Do you know where to find Tom
My main concern is how to get there on time.
subject 主语
object 宾语
predicative 表语
主语
宾语
表语
注意：
动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主句主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，可省略作表语的动词不定式（短语）里的不定式符号to:
1. 我们试图要做的是挽救地球。
What we’re trying to do is save Earth.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. 晚上他做过的唯一的事是读报纸。
In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
________________________________________________________________________________
1. 动词不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或者表示将来含义的动作，且谓语动词常用_______。如：
To be calm in danger is very important/significant.
To win the game is possible.
To see is to believe.
To work with him is a great pleasure
2. 动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用__作形式主语，而将动词不定式短语置于句末。如：
It is important to learn English well.
单数
Presentation
it
It做形式主语，其常见句型如下：
1. It＋is＋名词＋to do sth
It’s our duty to protect the natural environment.
2. It took sb some time/money＋to do sth
It took us three hours to finish the report.
3. It＋be＋形容词＋for/of sb＋to do sth
It’s very generous of you to donate us a large sum of money.
It is necessary for children to form good habits at an early age.
4. It seems/appears＋形容词＋to do sth
It seemed impossible to catch up with them in 20 minutes.
补充：动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区别
动词不定式和v-ing作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致， 即若句子的主语为v-ing，则表语也应使用v-ing；若主语为动词不定式，则表语也应使用动词不定式。
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
动词不定式和v-ing作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外:
当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语。
Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.
若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing作表语。
My favorite sport is swimming.
What I hate most is being laughed at.
Use the correct forms of the words to fill in the blanks.
________ (read) aloud is good for your English learning.
It is quite necessary ________ (read) it again.
________ (see) is to believe.
________ (see) is believing.
拓展: to do as the subject VS doing as the subject
Reading
to read
To see
Seeing
Tip 6: 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别：
_______作主语特指一次性的、具体的动作；_______作主语泛指一般的或习惯性的动作。且作主语和表语的不定式或动名词需保持________。
to do
doing
一致
动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般不定式符to不能省略,但以下情况下可省略：
1. all作主语其后的定语从句有do的某种形式时：
All we need to do is live each day with hope.
2.what引导的从句作主语时，从句中含有do的某种形式时：
What I want to do is take a holiday right away.
3.主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，其后的定语从句或短语中有do的某种形式时：
In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
The most meaningful thing he wants to do is ______ (help) the poor.
This year, his plan is _______ (make) some changes in the teaching method.
What I suggest is _______ (start) work at once.
One of her hobbies is _________ (collect) stamps.
I think it is your brother who is _______ (blame) for the accident.
即学即练
help
to make
to start
collecting
to blame
Suppose you are ________ (be) a journalist for China Daily, do you know what kind of jobs they have
You are ______________ (reward) if you have made a breakthrough.
The students trust her very much; as a result, her advice is __________ (influence) their decisions.
to be
to be rewarded
to influence
3. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people ________(wash) their hands with soap and water.
4. The next step is ________ sure that you know exactly what is required.
5. The purpose of education is __________ (develop) a fine personality in children.
to wash
to make
to develop
1. The motto of the little boy who was suffering from a muscle disease was _______ (live) one day at a time.
2. It is you, including your cousin, that ____________ (blame) for the loss of the golden chance.
to live
are to blame
Practise
Match the sentence halves.
Discover what these subjects share in common by using the following table.
Meaning / Construct Subject
an action for some purpose
a way of action
advice
responsibility
a clause
intention, plan, purpose, aim
way, things, business, habit, principle, vocation, chance, method
suggestion, thought
duty, order
What ... attempted ..., All ... wanted ...
The young singer's intention of performing the song was ___________________________________.(与歌迷们分享他对摇滚乐的热爱)
The best way to do business is ____________________
___________________.(建立你和客户之间的信任)
3. What the survivors attempted to do was _____________
________________________.（为拯救他们生命的英雄们立碑）
4. The main purpose of art education in schools is ________
_________________________.(激发学生的创造力)
5. When you are faced with a serious decision, my suggestion is _________________________.(听从你内心的声音)
to share his love for rock music with his fans
to build trust between
you and your client
to build a memorial to
the heroes who saved their lives
to inspire students to be creative
to listen to your inner voice
3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的 ,可以在不定式前加一个由 for/of 引起的短语,构成__________。
2. 不定式作主语时,可以用it作_______________.
It is+adj+ for sb to do ……
5. It is+adj+ of sb to do………
（修饰人品形容词）
（修饰物的形容词）
1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词_________
单数
形式主语
不定式的复合结构
Summary
6. It is+n.+for sb to do ……
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth.
THANKS !