小升初英语祈使句，感叹句，疑问句基本语法与练习
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小学生英语祈使句，感叹句，疑问句基本语法与练习
一．祈使句
Be careful!
Please open your books.
Let me have a try.
Don’t open the door.
口诀：祈使句无主语，主语you常省去，动词原形当谓语，句首加don’t变否定。
二．感叹句：用what 和how引导，what 修饰的是名词，how修饰的是副词或形容词。
结构：What + a/an + 形+可数名词单数+（主语+谓语）！
What+形+可数名词复数/不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！
How+ 形/副 +（主语+谓语）！
_____a fine day it is! （What）
______useful work we have done! (What)
______careful my mother is! (How)
_______delicious bread it is! (What)
做题技巧：从右往左看，先划掉感叹号前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的主语和谓语，剩下的是名词就用what,剩下的是形容词或者副词就用how。当然名词还需辨别可数不可数来确定是否有冠词a/an。
三．疑问句
疑问句有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句：需要用yes或no来回答。结构：助动词+主语+谓语
Have you locked the door Yes, I have.
Can you play the piano Yes, I can.
2. 特殊疑问句：对句子中某一特殊部分提问的疑问句。
结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句
特殊疑问词：“非常6+1”，即6个W开 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )头的疑问词（what/who/which/where/when/why）和1个H(How)开头的疑问词。21世纪教育网版权所有
★how 与what的其他用法
⑴How much money do you want
How many pictures did you buy
How fast does he drive
How often do you go abroad
How many times do you go swimming in summer
How soon will you come back
How long have you been here？
（2）What number are you
What color is your coat
What time is it
What day is it today
3. 选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况，供对方选择的。选择疑问句不能用Yes和No回答，其答案只能是问句中提到的两个选择之一，如果考试中出现选择疑问句的选择题，选项中的Yes和No都要排除.21cnjy.com
Do you like tea or coffee？ I like coffee.
Do you speak English or French I speak English
Who runs faster, Tom or John Tom.
4.反意疑问句：附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。
结构：助动词/情态动词+主语， 前肯后否，前否后肯。
小升初英语考试中，一般以填空或者选择的形式，让孩子把反义疑问句后半句补充完整，从而来考察孩子对反义疑问句的掌握。www.21-cn-jy.com
He likes playing football, doesn’t he
He can speak English, can’t he
★其他类型反意疑问句的用法
（1）There be 变成be there
There are 3 dogs, aren’t there
There will be a meeting tomorrow, won’t there
(2)祈使句后的反意疑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问句：肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you 或won’t you, 否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用will you。2·1·c·n·j·y
Pass me a book, will you
Have another cup of tea, won’t you
Don’t watch too much TV, will you
★★Let’s go shopping, shall we
Let us go now, will you
(3)陈述部分用 no, no o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely,等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Birds rarely build nests in our garden, do they 21·世纪*教育网
He hardly says such words, does he
(4)陈述句的主语是不定代词e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )verything, something, anything, nothing时，其后的反意疑问句主语用it。www-2-1-cnjy-com
Everything is right, isn’t it
Nothing is in the box, is it
(5)陈述句的主语是不定代词e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )verybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, none时，其后的反意疑问句主语用they。2-1-c-n-j-y
Everybody has got the new books, haven’t they
Everyone knows his job, don’t they
Anyone can do that, can’t they
No one is interested in math, are they
★不定代词做主语的反义疑问句，指物的一般用it反问，指人的用they反问。
(6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
She usted to climb the mountain, usedn’t she /didn’t she 21教育网
(7)陈述部分有had better + do, 疑问句部分用hadn't you
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you
(8) 含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。
She said that they were happy, didn’t she
You think that you are funny, don’t you ___________ 21·cn·jy·com
但如果主句是I think, I believe等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。 21*cnjy*com
I think (that) he is serious, isn’t he
I don’t think (that) he is serious, is he
(9) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问句仍用否定形式。 This is important, isn't it He is unhappy, isn’t he 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
小学生英语祈使句，感叹句，疑问句基本语法与练习
一．祈使句
Be careful!
Please open your books.
Let me have a try.
Don’t open the door.
口诀：祈使句无主语，主语you常省去，动词原形当谓语，句首加don’t变否定。
二．感叹句：用what 和how引导，what 修饰的是名词，how修饰的是副词或形容词。
结构：What + a/an + 形+可数名词单数+（主语+谓语）！
What+形+可数名词复数/不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！
How+ 形/副 +（主语+谓语）！
_____a fine day it is! （What）
______useful work we have done! (What)
______careful my mother is! (How)
_______delicious bread it is! (What)
做题技巧：从右往左看，先划掉感叹号前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的主语和谓语，剩下的是名词就用what,剩下的是形容词或者副词就用how。当然名词还需辨别可数不可数来确定是否有冠词a/an。
三．疑问句
疑问句有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句：需要用yes或no来回答。结构：助动词+主语+谓语
Have you locked the door Yes, I have.
Can you play the piano Yes, I can.
2. 特殊疑问句：对句子中某一特殊部分提问的疑问句。
结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句
特殊疑问词：“非常6+1”，即6个W开 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )头的疑问词（what/who/which/where/when/why）和1个H(How)开头的疑问词。21世纪教育网版权所有
★how 与what的其他用法
⑴How much money do you want
How many pictures did you buy
How fast does he drive
How often do you go abroad
How many times do you go swimming in summer
How soon will you come back
How long have you been here？
（2）What number are you
What color is your coat
What time is it
What day is it today
3. 选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况，供对方选择的。选择疑问句不能用Yes和No回答，其答案只能是问句中提到的两个选择之一，如果考试中出现选择疑问句的选择题，选项中的Yes和No都要排除.21cnjy.com
Do you like tea or coffee？ I like coffee.
Do you speak English or French I speak English
Who runs faster, Tom or John Tom.
4.反意疑问句：附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。
结构：助动词/情态动词+主语， 前肯后否，前否后肯。
小升初英语考试中，一般以填空或者选择的形式，让孩子把反义疑问句后半句补充完整，从而来考察孩子对反义疑问句的掌握。www.21-cn-jy.com
He likes playing football, doesn’t he
He can speak English, can’t he
★其他类型反意疑问句的用法
（1）There be 变成be there
There are 3 dogs, aren’t there
There will be a meeting tomorrow, won’t there
(2)祈使句后的反意疑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问句：肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you 或won’t you, 否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用will you。2·1·c·n·j·y
Pass me a book, will you
Have another cup of tea, won’t you
Don’t watch too much TV, will you
★★Let’s go shopping, shall we
Let us go now, will you
(3)陈述部分用 no, no o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely,等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Birds rarely build nests in our garden, do they 21·世纪*教育网
He hardly says such words, does he
(4)陈述句的主语是不定代词e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )verything, something, anything, nothing时，其后的反意疑问句主语用it。www-2-1-cnjy-com
Everything is right, isn’t it
Nothing is in the box, is it
(5)陈述句的主语是不定代词e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )verybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, none时，其后的反意疑问句主语用they。2-1-c-n-j-y
Everybody has got the new books, haven’t they
Everyone knows his job, don’t they
Anyone can do that, can’t they
No one is interested in math, are they
★不定代词做主语的反义疑问句，指物的一般用it反问，指人的用they反问。
(6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
She usted to climb the mountain, usedn’t she /didn’t she 21教育网
(7)陈述部分有had better + do, 疑问句部分用hadn't you
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you
(8) 含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。
She said that they were happy, didn’t she
You think that you are funny, don’t you ___________ 21·cn·jy·com
但如果主句是I think, I believe等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。 21*cnjy*com
I think (that) he is serious, isn’t he
I don’t think (that) he is serious, is he
(9) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问句仍用否定形式。 This is important, isn't it He is unhappy, isn’t he 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网