2024届高考英语二轮复习记叙文阅读理解（人物传记）课件(共15张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习记叙文阅读理解（人物传记）课件(共15张PPT) |  | |
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(共15张PPT)
2024高考一轮复习
阅读理解B篇（记叙文阅读：人物传记）
一、“人物传记”类记叙文
人物传记出题集中在：对人物描写时间顺序、生活背景、实践经历、人物引言几个要素进行认知。
二、“人物故事”类记叙文
理清事件发展的顺序（时间线+情感线）以及人物之间的关系，冲突矛盾（conflict）。有重点地把握人物特征（character）
三、记叙文阅读理解常见题型
1.细节理解题。关注记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素，画出题干关键词和原文依据，按照原文顺序，由前到后，从上到下。
2.猜测词义题。答题区间是划线词前后的几句话或一个段落；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系（并列词？转折词？）
3.推理判断题。难度较大，坚持“源于原文高于原文”的推理原则，结合主旨合理推测，排除错误。
4.主旨大意题（写作意图，性格判断，选标题）。注意首尾段和段首句。既要注意文章反复出现的关键词（key words），还应注意文章的主旨或隐含意义。
人物传记类例题1：（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解B篇）
①When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
② After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
③ The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
④He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
⑤ “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
27. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
做题思路
先标记好段落，从每段可以划出时间顺序词，又不是一个故事（没有其他人物或者对话等），便知道是一个人的传记。
24题，人物性格推断题，有明确答题区间，要找一些描述人的词句：wonder if；ask questions，why，which，还有两个？对标C选项an inquiring mind
25题，细节理解题，找题干关键词，sludge，tank，定位第三段，这时发现，第三段的结构为first，then，little by little, after a few weeks, 本段讲的是步骤，是如何做eco-machine, how，不是题干当中要的why,那就要扩展答题区域，向下再读几句，就是第四段段首句，答案选D
26题，作者意图题。很容易定位答案在第四段，而且第四段结构是总分式，总起句many big jobs,分为下文South Burlington， Fuzhou两个具体例子，从理论结果到实践
27 题，人物引言推断题。答题区间只剩最后一段 “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair”
【结论】
做题顺序和原文段落顺序是一致的。每道题的答题区间不会重叠。
I.人物性格类推测题
1.人物性格类推测题首先要把握文章的主要思想，抓住列举的具体事实，然后根据与人物相关的语句进行推断:常见的提问方式：1)Which word can be used to describe sb /What best describe sb /Which of the following best describes sb 2)What kind of person is sb 3)What is implied about sb in the passage
常考的表示人物性格的正面词汇：aggressive有进取心的appreciative 欣赏的，感激的ambitious（audacious）有雄心的cautious小心的，谨慎的caring (concerned)关心的considerate体贴的cooperative合作的courageous勇敢的demanding要求极严modest 谦虚的；dependable(reliable)可靠的devoted(dedicated) 忠诚的；献身的faithful忠诚的far-sighted有远见的frank 坦白的；爽快的humorous幽默的 independent独立的diligent(industrious)勤奋的responsible负责任的knowledgeable知识渊博的 generous 慷慨大方的sensible明智的，理智的straightforward率直的，坦率的talented有才能的tough坚韧的tolerant宽容的，容忍的 selfless 无私的， strict严格的 grateful 心存感激的helpful 有帮助的talkative 健谈的athletic 强壮 confident 自信的 patient 有耐心的；able 有才干的,能干的； adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的,活跃的；amiable 和蔼可亲的capable 有能力的,有才能的careful 办理仔细的； competent 能胜任的； constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的； creative 富创造力的disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的； well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的； energetic 精力充沛的intelligent 聪明的
补充练习：
Ms. Thorpe spent a lot of time encouraging her pupils to apply for college and helped them with their applications and accessing fully-funded scholarships. She helped her senior pupils in 2018–2019 win more than $6.7 million in scholarships to 11 colleges, with most of them not having to pay for their education.
She plans to use the prize money to give less well-off pupils an opportunity of receiving a third level education. “Every person deserves the right to education and I want to be that person who champions that for them. I plan to use the money to help students worldwide access higher education,” she said. “Students are the reason I’m here, so I plan to use that to promote them and create a better future for them.”
What best describes Thorpe
A. Selfless and strict. B. Caring and devoted. C. Frank and considerate. D. Talented and humorous.
B.
II.写作意图类题目
作者写作意图类题目：做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题，把自己当成作者，一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图，要动用语文学科阅读技巧知识。常见的设问方式：What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
补充练习1：【2023年1月·浙江卷C】
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
B.
补充练习2： [2023·全国甲卷 C]
① I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
② That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
③Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
④Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4
A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
D.
人物传记类例题2：【2022全国甲卷】
①As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
②Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
③After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
④In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
⑤The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
2. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
3. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
做题思路
先标记好段落，从每段可以划出时间顺序词，可知道是一个人的传记。
1题，词义猜测题，答题区间就在划线词组所在段落，第二段。找到本段转折词but, “ but always longed to explore further”
2题，按照题目呈现顺序和题干的关键词Antarctica，答题区间在第三段，And it was in Chile （that）she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. 本题出现了强调句型。get last-minute cheap deals
3题，题干关键词after the journey，找到第四段的时间标志词是在Antarctica旅行途中，所以答案在第五段。is a precious land, to be respected by humans
4题，看首段和尾段，或者找到重复率最高的关键词
III.猜测词义题目
答题区间是划线词前后的几句话或一个段落；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系（同义词？并列词？转折词？）
补充练习
（1）Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.
What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 3
A．compensation B．allowance C．encouragement D．Privilege
（2）Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. （2023年全国甲卷B篇）
Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
C.
C.
IV. 主旨大意题
策略 一 段落主题句归纳 快速阅读文首、文尾、每段的首句和尾句。
策略 二 文章主题段归纳 首段 （新闻报道、说明文）
末段（记叙文）
策略 三 主题词归纳 借助文中出现频率较高的主题词归纳，以便确定文章的主旨大意。
1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
补充练习
（1）[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
……..
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramill‘s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing school gardens B. Experiencing country life C. Growing vegetable lovers D. Changing local landscape
C.
(2) Fashion always influences people, Isabella Springmuhl Tejada from Guatemala, one of the first professional fashion designer with Down syndrome, is proving that fashion goes beyond normal limits.
Tejada who discovered her hobby in childhood said, “I think that fashion design is in my blood.” After all, her grandmother had a studio where she produced Guatemalan-style clothing. And, when she was young, Tejada’s mother gave her fashion magazines to read. Tejada spent hours of her childhood reading the magazines and designing paper dresses for her dolls. By the time she reached high school, Tejada had decided to enter the world.
After being refused by several fashion schools because of her Down syndrome, Tejada found her own path. She signed up for a clothing-making course, where she began to make clothing for “worry dolls”, finger-sized traditional Guatemalan dolls. And she created life-sized dolls and dressed them in the colorful clothes that she’s now famous for. This-design experience greatly helped Tejada. She fell in love with traditional Guatemalan patterns and colors. She explained, “I’m lucky to work with traditional cloth, inspired by our culture and representing our country.”
Tejada also pioneered fashion design for people with Down syndrome. She said, “It is difficult for people like me to find suitable clothes. We can be shorter or weaker. That’s why I decided to design clothes that would be perfect for people with Down syndrome.”
Tejada has created her brand, Down to Xjabelle. The new brand took off right away. It made it all the way to London Fashion Week. And the great designer has plans for the future as well. Tejada said, “I want people all over the world to know my designs and to know that people with Down syndrome can do what they set out to do. I want to be able to live on my own.”
6．What does Tejada want to convey through her words in the last paragraph
A．She won’t let her disability limit her. B．Her illness has been successfully cured.
C．Her brand is facing serious competition. D．She can’t please normal customers with her design ideas.
7．What may be the best title for the text
A．A special designer turns her dream into reality. B．Fashion is closely connected with daily life.
C．Learn the value of traditional culture. D．Develop a hobby from an early age.
A.
A.
总结：记叙文中的人物传记类，主要通过Timeline(时间轴)的形式来进行文本结构的展示，也就是单纯的叙事。而人物故事类，叙事不是单纯的叙事，事只是一个引子，作者真正要表达的是它背后所隐藏的道理。我们需要找作者叙事的conflict（冲突），也就是能体现作者情感和思想认识转变的事件点。人物故事类记叙文的主旨大意题就是选道理那一项。 人物故事类阅读理解可链接完形填空和读后续写。
2024高考一轮复习
阅读理解B篇（记叙文阅读：人物传记）
一、“人物传记”类记叙文
人物传记出题集中在：对人物描写时间顺序、生活背景、实践经历、人物引言几个要素进行认知。
二、“人物故事”类记叙文
理清事件发展的顺序（时间线+情感线）以及人物之间的关系，冲突矛盾（conflict）。有重点地把握人物特征（character）
三、记叙文阅读理解常见题型
1.细节理解题。关注记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素，画出题干关键词和原文依据，按照原文顺序，由前到后，从上到下。
2.猜测词义题。答题区间是划线词前后的几句话或一个段落；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系（并列词？转折词？）
3.推理判断题。难度较大，坚持“源于原文高于原文”的推理原则，结合主旨合理推测，排除错误。
4.主旨大意题（写作意图，性格判断，选标题）。注意首尾段和段首句。既要注意文章反复出现的关键词（key words），还应注意文章的主旨或隐含意义。
人物传记类例题1：（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解B篇）
①When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
② After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
③ The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
④He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
⑤ “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
27. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
做题思路
先标记好段落，从每段可以划出时间顺序词，又不是一个故事（没有其他人物或者对话等），便知道是一个人的传记。
24题，人物性格推断题，有明确答题区间，要找一些描述人的词句：wonder if；ask questions，why，which，还有两个？对标C选项an inquiring mind
25题，细节理解题，找题干关键词，sludge，tank，定位第三段，这时发现，第三段的结构为first，then，little by little, after a few weeks, 本段讲的是步骤，是如何做eco-machine, how，不是题干当中要的why,那就要扩展答题区域，向下再读几句，就是第四段段首句，答案选D
26题，作者意图题。很容易定位答案在第四段，而且第四段结构是总分式，总起句many big jobs,分为下文South Burlington， Fuzhou两个具体例子，从理论结果到实践
27 题，人物引言推断题。答题区间只剩最后一段 “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair”
【结论】
做题顺序和原文段落顺序是一致的。每道题的答题区间不会重叠。
I.人物性格类推测题
1.人物性格类推测题首先要把握文章的主要思想，抓住列举的具体事实，然后根据与人物相关的语句进行推断:常见的提问方式：1)Which word can be used to describe sb /What best describe sb /Which of the following best describes sb 2)What kind of person is sb 3)What is implied about sb in the passage
常考的表示人物性格的正面词汇：aggressive有进取心的appreciative 欣赏的，感激的ambitious（audacious）有雄心的cautious小心的，谨慎的caring (concerned)关心的considerate体贴的cooperative合作的courageous勇敢的demanding要求极严modest 谦虚的；dependable(reliable)可靠的devoted(dedicated) 忠诚的；献身的faithful忠诚的far-sighted有远见的frank 坦白的；爽快的humorous幽默的 independent独立的diligent(industrious)勤奋的responsible负责任的knowledgeable知识渊博的 generous 慷慨大方的sensible明智的，理智的straightforward率直的，坦率的talented有才能的tough坚韧的tolerant宽容的，容忍的 selfless 无私的， strict严格的 grateful 心存感激的helpful 有帮助的talkative 健谈的athletic 强壮 confident 自信的 patient 有耐心的；able 有才干的,能干的； adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的,活跃的；amiable 和蔼可亲的capable 有能力的,有才能的careful 办理仔细的； competent 能胜任的； constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的； creative 富创造力的disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的； well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的； energetic 精力充沛的intelligent 聪明的
补充练习：
Ms. Thorpe spent a lot of time encouraging her pupils to apply for college and helped them with their applications and accessing fully-funded scholarships. She helped her senior pupils in 2018–2019 win more than $6.7 million in scholarships to 11 colleges, with most of them not having to pay for their education.
She plans to use the prize money to give less well-off pupils an opportunity of receiving a third level education. “Every person deserves the right to education and I want to be that person who champions that for them. I plan to use the money to help students worldwide access higher education,” she said. “Students are the reason I’m here, so I plan to use that to promote them and create a better future for them.”
What best describes Thorpe
A. Selfless and strict. B. Caring and devoted. C. Frank and considerate. D. Talented and humorous.
B.
II.写作意图类题目
作者写作意图类题目：做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题，把自己当成作者，一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图，要动用语文学科阅读技巧知识。常见的设问方式：What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
补充练习1：【2023年1月·浙江卷C】
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
B.
补充练习2： [2023·全国甲卷 C]
① I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
② That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
③Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
④Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4
A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
D.
人物传记类例题2：【2022全国甲卷】
①As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
②Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
③After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
④In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
⑤The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
2. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
3. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
做题思路
先标记好段落，从每段可以划出时间顺序词，可知道是一个人的传记。
1题，词义猜测题，答题区间就在划线词组所在段落，第二段。找到本段转折词but, “ but always longed to explore further”
2题，按照题目呈现顺序和题干的关键词Antarctica，答题区间在第三段，And it was in Chile （that）she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. 本题出现了强调句型。get last-minute cheap deals
3题，题干关键词after the journey，找到第四段的时间标志词是在Antarctica旅行途中，所以答案在第五段。is a precious land, to be respected by humans
4题，看首段和尾段，或者找到重复率最高的关键词
III.猜测词义题目
答题区间是划线词前后的几句话或一个段落；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系（同义词？并列词？转折词？）
补充练习
（1）Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.
What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 3
A．compensation B．allowance C．encouragement D．Privilege
（2）Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. （2023年全国甲卷B篇）
Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
C.
C.
IV. 主旨大意题
策略 一 段落主题句归纳 快速阅读文首、文尾、每段的首句和尾句。
策略 二 文章主题段归纳 首段 （新闻报道、说明文）
末段（记叙文）
策略 三 主题词归纳 借助文中出现频率较高的主题词归纳，以便确定文章的主旨大意。
1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
补充练习
（1）[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
……..
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramill‘s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing school gardens B. Experiencing country life C. Growing vegetable lovers D. Changing local landscape
C.
(2) Fashion always influences people, Isabella Springmuhl Tejada from Guatemala, one of the first professional fashion designer with Down syndrome, is proving that fashion goes beyond normal limits.
Tejada who discovered her hobby in childhood said, “I think that fashion design is in my blood.” After all, her grandmother had a studio where she produced Guatemalan-style clothing. And, when she was young, Tejada’s mother gave her fashion magazines to read. Tejada spent hours of her childhood reading the magazines and designing paper dresses for her dolls. By the time she reached high school, Tejada had decided to enter the world.
After being refused by several fashion schools because of her Down syndrome, Tejada found her own path. She signed up for a clothing-making course, where she began to make clothing for “worry dolls”, finger-sized traditional Guatemalan dolls. And she created life-sized dolls and dressed them in the colorful clothes that she’s now famous for. This-design experience greatly helped Tejada. She fell in love with traditional Guatemalan patterns and colors. She explained, “I’m lucky to work with traditional cloth, inspired by our culture and representing our country.”
Tejada also pioneered fashion design for people with Down syndrome. She said, “It is difficult for people like me to find suitable clothes. We can be shorter or weaker. That’s why I decided to design clothes that would be perfect for people with Down syndrome.”
Tejada has created her brand, Down to Xjabelle. The new brand took off right away. It made it all the way to London Fashion Week. And the great designer has plans for the future as well. Tejada said, “I want people all over the world to know my designs and to know that people with Down syndrome can do what they set out to do. I want to be able to live on my own.”
6．What does Tejada want to convey through her words in the last paragraph
A．She won’t let her disability limit her. B．Her illness has been successfully cured.
C．Her brand is facing serious competition. D．She can’t please normal customers with her design ideas.
7．What may be the best title for the text
A．A special designer turns her dream into reality. B．Fashion is closely connected with daily life.
C．Learn the value of traditional culture. D．Develop a hobby from an early age.
A.
A.
总结：记叙文中的人物传记类，主要通过Timeline(时间轴)的形式来进行文本结构的展示，也就是单纯的叙事。而人物故事类，叙事不是单纯的叙事，事只是一个引子，作者真正要表达的是它背后所隐藏的道理。我们需要找作者叙事的conflict（冲突），也就是能体现作者情感和思想认识转变的事件点。人物故事类记叙文的主旨大意题就是选道理那一项。 人物故事类阅读理解可链接完形填空和读后续写。