2024高三英语Unit 1名校培优筑基方案（核心单词+词形转换讲+熟词新意+写作迁移）
Unit 1 Life Choices
（核心单词+词形转换+词汇精讲+熟词新意+写作迁移）
一、重点单词分类——夯基础
(一)核心单词
[第一组]
1. previous adj. 以前的，先前的
2. campus n. 校园
3. schedule n. 日程表，计划表
4. chapter n. 一段时期；章节
5. plus adj. 有利的，好的
prep. 加
6. arise vi. (问题或困难)出现，发生
7. lifestyle n. 生活方式
8. chat vi.&n. 闲谈，聊天
9. surf vi.&vt. 冲浪
10. digital adj. 数字的，数码的
11. range n. 一系列；范围
12. quality n. 质量，品质
13. media n. 新闻媒体，大众传播媒介(总称)
14. actually adv. 实际上，事实上
15. drag vt. 拖，拉
16. goal n. 目标，目的
17. aim n. 目的，意图
vi. 力求达到
[第二组]
18. meanwhile adv. 与此同时
19. update vt. 更新
20. ahead adv. 在前面；向前
21. downtown adv. 向/在城镇商业中心区
22. expert n. 专家，行家
23. position n. 职位；位置
24. function vi. 运转，工作
n. 功能
25. seek vt. 寻求；请求
26. feature vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征
27. province n. 省
28. flash vi.&vt. 闪现，闪过
n. 照相机闪光灯
29. laughter n. 笑；笑声
30. besides adv. 除……之外
31. contact n. 联系，联络
vt. (写信，打电话)联系(某人)
32. charity n. 慈善机构，慈善团体
33. forward adv. 向前；进展
34. rural adj. 农村的，乡村的，田园的
(二)拓展单词
[第一组]
1. differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别→different adj.不同的；相异的→difference n．不同；区别→differently adv.不同地；相异地
2. expectation n．期待；预料，预期→expect vt.预料，预期，预计；期待；猜想，认为→expected adj.预料的，预期的
3. confidence n．自信，信心；信赖→confident adj.有信心的，自信的→confidently adv.确信地，肯定地；自信地
4. competence n．能力，胜任→competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的→competently adv.胜任地，适合地
5. pressure n．压力→press vt.按，压，施加压力；催促
6. recover vi.恢复健康，康复→recovery n．恢复；复苏；痊愈
7. injury n．伤，损害→injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的
8．unfortunately adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气，命运；财富，财产→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉祥的→unfortunate adj.不幸的
9．challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.富有挑战性的
10．definitely adv.确切地，肯定地→definite adj.无疑的；确定的
11．various adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的→vary vi.变化→variety n．种类；多样性→variation n．差异，变化
12．necessity n．必需品→necessary adj.必需的，必要的；必然的，无法避免的→necessarily adv.必然地，不可避免地
13．convenient adj.方便的，便利的→convenience n．方便，便利→conveniently adv.方便地，便利地
14．addict n．对……着迷的人→addicted adj.上瘾的；沉迷于某种嗜好的→addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addiction n．瘾，入迷，嗜好
15．distance n. 距离，间距→distant adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的，疏远的
16．volunteer vi.&vt.自愿；志愿；n.志愿者→voluntary adj.志愿的；服务的；自愿的
17．revise vi.& vt.复习→revision n．修订；复习
18．stress n．压力；忧虑；紧张→stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑的，紧张的
19．suffer vi.&vt.遭受(痛苦)→sufferer n．受苦者，受难者；患者→suffering n．痛苦，苦难
20．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→reduction n．减少
21．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的→frankly adv.坦率地；直率地→frankness n．率直，坦率，坦白
22．remove vt.移走；去掉→removal n．移动；调动；去除；免职
[第二组]
23. tension n．紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的，担心的
24．organise vt. 组织，筹划→organisation n．组织，团体，机构→organised adj.有组织的，系统的，有条理的→organiser n．(活动等的)组织者
25．professional adj.专业的，职业的→profession n．(需要高等教育和训练的)专业，行业→professionally adv.娴熟地，老练地；内行地
26．typical adj.平常的，一贯的；典型的→typically adv.一般；典型地，具有代表性地；不出所料
27．graduate vi.毕业→graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼
28．inspire vt.鼓励，激励→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→inspiration n．鼓舞；启示；灵感
29．apply vi.申请；请求→applicant n．申请人→application n．请求，申请；申请表；应用
30．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerness n．热切，渴望→eagerly adv.渴望地；热切地
31．independently adv. 独立地，自立地→independent adj.独立的；自主的→independence n．独立，自主，自立
32．power n．电，电力；力量→powerful adj.强有力的，有影响(感染)力的→powerfully adv.强大地；强烈地
33．unstable adj.不稳定的→stable adj.稳固的，稳定的；沉稳的→stability n．稳定(性)，稳固
34．dusty adj.布满灰尘的→dust n．尘土，灰尘
35．muddy adj.泥泞的，多泥的→mud n．泥；淤泥；泥浆
36．responsible adj.负责的；有责任心的→responsibility n．责任，职责，任务
37．attractive adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的→attract v．吸引，引起……的兴趣→attraction n．吸引；吸引人的事物；吸引力
38．contribution n．贡献→contribute vt.&vi.贡献，捐献；是……的原因之一，增进；撰稿→contributor n．贡献者；捐助者；撰稿人，投稿者
39．intend vt.计划，打算，想要→intention n．意图，目的→intentional adj.故意的，有意的，存心的
40．formal adj.正式的，官方的→formally adv.正式地；正规地→informal adj.非正式的
41．adapt vi.(使)适应→adaptation n．改编本，改写本；适应→adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
42．digestion n. 消化→digest vt.消化(食物)；领悟 n．文摘，汇编
43．entertainment n．娱乐→entertain vt.使快乐→entertaining adj.有趣的；令人愉快的
(三)阅读单词
[第一组]
1．senior adj. 较高的，高级的
2．secondary adj. 中等教育；中级的；次要的
3．dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的
4．apartment n. 公寓套房
5．am 午前，上午
6．shift n. (工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间
7．leisure n. 空闲，闲暇，业余时间
8．engine n. 引擎
9．teen n. 少年，十几岁的孩子
10．laptop n. 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑
11．native n. 本地人
12．hardware n. (计算机)硬件
13．target n. 目标
14．saying n. 格言，谚语
15．café n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆
[第二组]
16. editor n. 编辑，主编
17. entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地
18. military n. 军队，武装力量
19. absolutely adv. 正是，当然
20. extent n. 程度
21. thus adv. 因此，因而，从而
22. certificate n. 合格证书
23. sort n. 种，类；类型
24. supply n. 供应，供给
25. tough adj. 困难的，难办的
26. junior adj. 低年级的
27. gym n. 体育馆，健身房
28. moment n. 某一时刻
29. presentation n. 报告；陈述，说明
30. slide n. 幻灯片
31. recreation n. 娱乐，消遣
二、必备短语分组——抓落实
(一)英译汉
1．all in all 总而言之，总的来说
2．surf the Internet 网上冲浪，浏览因特网
3．search engine 搜索引擎
4．from time to time 有时；偶尔；间或
5．living room 起居室
6．in person 亲自
7．social media 社交媒体
8．get ahead 取得进步，获得成功
9．due to 因为
10．all sorts of 各种各样的
11．as well as ……以及……
12．at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下
(二)汉译英
13．according_to 按……所说，根据
14．tend_to_do_sth 易于做某事
15．suffer_from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
16．to_be_frank 坦白说，坦率地说
17．in_other_words 换句话说
18．graduate_from 从……毕业
19．apply_for 申请
20．give_up 放弃
21．deal_with 对付，应付，处理
22．be_responsible_for 对……负责
23．adapt_to_sth 适应某事
24．look_forward_to_(doing)_sth 期待，盼望
三、经典句式默背——积佳句
(一)句型公式
1．动词 ing形式(短语)作主语
Being_a_doctor means I have to make correct decisions all the time, which puts a lot of pressure on me.
作为一名医生意味着我总是要做出正确的决定，这给我带来很大的压力。
2．“It is＋形容词＋to do sth”句型
It's_so_convenient_to_be_able_to_compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.
购物前，能够比较不同的网络商店的质量和价格是非常方便的。
3．动词 ing形式(短语)作状语
After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling_tired．
漫长的一天过后，张天疲惫不堪，终于回到了自己的小窝。
4．what引导的主语从句
What_made_him_feel_satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more confident in learning.
让他感到欣慰的是他的学生能够读英语、说英语和写英语，并且在学习上变得更自信。
5．动词不定式(短语)作表语
The best way to find yourself is to_lose_yourself_in_the_service_of_others．
找到自我的最好方法是全身心投入到为他人的服务当中。
(二)单元美句
The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges.
离开的想法曾在他的脑海中闪现过，但是他很快放弃了这个念头，并且找到了应对挑战的办法。
四、单元知识横拓——积得多
1．以t结尾的形容词变t为ce构成名词
①absent→absence 缺席
②confident→confidence 自信
③patient→patience 耐心
④important→importance 重要性
⑤silent→silence 沉默
⑥significant→significance 重要意义
2．“动词＋ing”变名词
①park→parking 停车
②understand→understanding 理解
③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难
④train→training 训练
⑤say→saying 谚语
⑥warn→warning 警告
3．“in＋名词”短语
①in public 公开地
②in theory 从理论上看
③in time 及时
④in trouble 有麻烦
⑤in action 在活动中，在进行中
⑥in surprise 惊讶地
五、读后续写微技能——心理描写之愤怒
Tom's recent behaviour made Mr Smith burst into anger. Finding his homework was unfinished again，Mr Smith let out a cry of anger, with his eyes shining with annoyance. Mr Smith，whose patience had worn thin, called Tom's father. Learning his son had been so badly behaved，Tom's father felt so angry that he turned around and glared at Tom, “You'd better explain what's going on！”However, Tom hung his head and said nothing, which made him frown.He pulled a long face in anger. Eventually, unable to contain his anger, he stormed out of the room, slamming the door furiously behind him.
一、单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1．Youths are under immense pressure(压力)and have to work very hard to create a better future for their families and themselves.
2．The Internet has greatly changed people's lifestyle(生活方式)and the way people work.
3．(2019·江苏卷)To enjoy the convenience of digital(数字的)payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
4．According to the schedule(日程表), all work should be finished before 10 o'clock so we just have two hours left.
5．These products are of high quality(质量), so they are a little more expensive than those ones.
6．His humorous comments were met with a burst of applause and laughter(笑声)in the hall.
7．Some workers say they have never received any formal(正式的)job training and often have to conduct dangerous operations without protective equipment.
8．(2022·全国甲卷)Throughout her career as a professional(专业的)dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
9．The quality of the products is the most important while the price is secondary．
10．The new computers are much better in performance than the previous generation.
二、单句语法填空
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．If you think your present job is very stressful(stress), it may be time to think about getting a new job.
2．They must bear full responsibility (responsible) for their own wrongdoings because they are adults.
3．It is a challenging (challenge) job but I believe I can manage it with my efforts.
4．We have the strength and confidence (confident) to deal with complexities and overcome risks and threats.
5．The virtues of persistence and determination that I gained from voluntary (volunteer) work drove me to overcome difficulties and strive to serve residents.
6．China's electricity consumption has been rising in recent periods, indicating the continuous recovery (recover) of domestic economy.
7．Unfortunately (unfortunate), too many girls are still held back from acquiring their desired education in some underdeveloped countries.
8．We should think about how to innovate to make our products attractive (attract) and popular on the international market.
9．Can you telephone me at your convenience (convenient) to arrange a meeting
10．Her behaviour is against the trend of regional development and goes against the expectations (expect) of all peace loving people in world.
三、选词填空
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
from time to time，in other words，deal with，give up，look forward to，in person，due to，adapt to
1．None of the students responded to her question; in other words, her question failed to get a response from any of the students.
2.On no condition can we give up our dreams; only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.
3．We hope you can make greater progress in your studies and I'm looking forward to receiving your good news continually.
4．It is important for children to have their teeth checked from time to time．
5. It took him more than two years to adapt to the new environment.
6．We can't control what happens to us, but we can always choose how to deal with it.
7．Due to the continuous expansion of our business, we need to employ more workers.
8．It really touched me that my boss visited me in person when I was ill and stayed at home.
四、经典句式仿写
1．熬夜太晚对我们的健康是有害的。(动词 ing形式短语作主语)
Staying up too late is bad for our health.
2．没有空气和水，植物是不可能活的。(“It is＋形容词＋to do sth”句型)
It is impossible for plants to live without air and water.
3．看着照片，我不禁怀念我快乐的童年时光。(动词 ing形式短语作状语)
Looking at the photos, I couldn't help missing my happy childhood.
4．让他父母如此兴奋的事是他在比赛中得了第一名。(what引导主语从句)
What made his parents so excited was that he got the first in the match.
5．我的愿望是毕业后参军。(动词不定式短语作表语)
My wish is to join the army after graduation.
Part 1 重点词汇过关
1．differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别
(1)differ from...in...
与……在……方面不同
(2)different adj. 不同的；相异的
be different from...in...
与……在……方面不同
(3)difference n. 不同；区别
tell the difference between... and...
分辨……和……的不同
make a difference (to)
对……有影响；使……不相同
(4)differently adv.不同地；相异地
[佳句]Local people's opinions differ sharply on whether the chemical factory should be removed from the area.
当地人对是否应将该化工厂迁出该地区的意见分歧很大。(应用文之环境保护)
——单句语法填空
①It is obvious that the two shirts differ in colour—one is red and the other is blue.
②(2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently (different).
④There's a big difference (different) between knowing that something is true, and being able to prove it.
——读后续写之哲理句
⑤直到那时，我才意识到，只要一个小小的行动，你就能改变一个人的生活。(difference)
Only then did I realize with one small action you can make a difference to a person's life.
[中国元素]One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘， 谬以千里。
2．confidence n．自信，信心；信赖
(1)have confidence in 对……有信心
with confidence 自信地，有信心地
(2)confident adj. 自信的，有信心的
be confident of/about 对……有信心；
对……有把握
(3)confidently adv. 自信地
[佳句]By getting involved in the competition, I gained more confidence and my English also was improved a lot.
通过参加这场比赛，我获得了更多自信，我的英语也提高了很多。
——单句语法填空
①The measures are intended to restore people's confidence (confident) in the economy.
②It seems that they aren't confident of/about the future of the industry.
③On the day of the History exam, I went into the exam hall confidently (confident).
——应用文写作之活动意义
④这个展览不仅开阔了学生的视野，也增强了他们的文化自信。
The exhibition not only broadened the students' horizons but also strengthened their cultural confidence．
3．competence n．能力，胜任
(1)professional/technical competence
专业/技术能力
competence in doing/to do sth
做某事的能力
(2)competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的
be competent to do sth
胜任做某事，有能力做某事
(3)competently adv. 胜任地，适合地[佳句]There is no doubt that Chinese people have confidence, resolution and competence to overcome the risks and challenges.
毫无疑问，中国人民有信心、决心和能力克服风险和挑战。
——单句语法填空
①They have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence (competent).
②I feel I am competent to meet(meet) all the requirements you have listed.
③Even after training, Smith still can't do his work competently (competent), so he may be dismissed soon.
——应用文之推荐信
④凭借丰富的实践经验和专业能力，我相信李华能够在贵公司工作。
With rich practical experience and professional competence, I believe Li Hua is capable of working in your company.
4．recover vi.恢复健康，康复
(1)recover from 从……中恢复过来
(2)recovery n. 恢复；痊愈；改善；复苏
wish sb a speedy recovery
祝愿某人早日康复
make a full recovery 完全康复
[佳句]It can take many years to recover from the death of a loved one.
从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很多年。
——单句语法填空
①After recovering from his illness, he was advised to take up gardening as a hobby.
②The hospital's child friendly environment helps with young patients' recovery (recover).
——应用文写作之慰问信
③祝你早日康复，回到我们的大家庭。
Wish you a speedy recovery and return to our big family.
5.challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt.向……挑战
(1)face/meet a challenge 面对/迎接挑战
accept/take up a challenge
接受挑战，应战
(2)challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战做某事
(3)challenging adj. 富有挑战性的
[佳句]Life's challenges are not supposed to paralyze you, they're supposed to help you discover who you are.生活的挑战并不是为了把你打倒，而是为了帮你看清楚自己是谁。(读后续写之人生哲理)
——单句语法填空
①Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges(challenge) facing the government.
②My brother challenged me to a game of chess and finally he won by a hair.
③The new position challenged him to study(study) still harder during his spare time.
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging (challenge).
——读后续写之积极的人生态度
⑤我别无选择，只能勇敢地面对这些挑战。
I had no choice but to face the challenges bravely．
⑥我知道未来会有很多困难和有挑战性的日子，但我永远不会放弃。
I know there will be many difficulties and challenging days ahead but I will never give up.
6．arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生
arise from/out of 产生于，起因于
[易混辨析] arise, rise, raise, arouse辨析
动词 类型 词义 过去式 过去 分词 现在 分词
arise 不及物 动词 (由……)引起；产生，出现；起床，起身 arose arisen arising
rise 不及物 动词 升起，升高；站起，起身 rose risen rising
raise 及物 动词 增加，提高；举起；抬起；抚养，养育；饲养；筹募，筹集 raised raised raising
arouse 及物 动词 激起，引起(感情、态度) aroused aroused arousing
[佳句]When you try to gain too much control in your relationship with others, conflicts will arise and the relationship can break up. 当你在与他人的关系中试图获得太多的控制权，冲突就会出现，你们的关系可能会破裂。(应用文之人际关系)
——选词填空：arise，rise，raise，arouse
①We hold a party every year to raise money for the local charity.
②The teacher told the students a story to arouse the curiosity and interest of the subject.
③It is common knowledge that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
④It was shortly after one problem had been solved that another problem arose immediately.
——同义句转换
⑤As we all know, most car accidents are caused by carelessness.
→As we all know, most car accidents arise from/out of carelessness. (arise)
[中国元素]The Chinese people's national pride and confidence arises from the rapid development of our country. 中国人民的民族自豪感和自信心来自于我们国家的快速发展。
7．convenient adj.方便的，便利的
(1)It is/was convenient for sb to do sth
对于某人来说做某事是
方便的。
sth be convenient for/to sb
某物对某人来说是方便的
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
(3)conveniently adv. 方便地，便利地；顺利地
[佳句]The high speed train has made it much more convenient for us to go back home.
高铁使我们回家方便得多了。(应用文写作之社会发展)
[点津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语；“当你方便的时候”应译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
——单句语法填空
①Using mobile phones, it is extremely convenient for people to communicate (communicate) with their friends.
②I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience (convenient).
③With rapid development of the digital multimedia technology, people can conveniently (convenient) download, store and distribute multimedia information.
④I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your convenience.
——应用文写作之邀请信
⑤如果你方便的话，我想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。
If it is convenient for you, I would like to invite you to attend my birthday party.
[中国元素]Xiamen is on the southeast coast of China with convenient traffic and a mild climate, neither too cold in winter, nor too hot in summer. 厦门市地处中国东南沿海，交通便利，天气温和，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑。
8．addict n．对……着迷的人
(1)addicted adj. 上瘾的；沉迷于某种嗜好的
be/become/get addicted to
沉迷于；热爱(to为介词)
(2)addiction n. 瘾，入迷，嗜好(常与介词to连用)
(3)addictive adj. (药物等)使人上瘾的
[佳句]She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.
她是一个电视迷，看尽可能多的电视。
——单句语法填空
①With the development of information network technology, more minors have been using or even got addicted to the Internet.
②It needs the schools and parents' joint efforts to help children get rid of their addiction (addict) to online games.
③You should stop taking this medicine because it is highly addictive (addict).
④Addicted to playing(play) computer games, he couldn't focus on his study so he failed in the exam.
——句式升级
⑤The boy is addicted to reading, and he even holds a book while having meals.
→Addicted to reading, the boy even holds a book while having meals.(形容词短语作状语)
9．aim n．目的，意图 vi.力求达到
(1)aim to do sth 目标是做某事，旨在做某事
aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth
瞄准，对准；旨在(做)某事
(2)take aim at... 瞄准……；对准……
with the aim of...
目的是……，为了…
[佳句]An English speech contest named Learn to Be Grateful was organized by our school last Friday，whose aim is to make the students have a grateful heart.
上周五，我们学校组织了一场名为“学会感恩”的英语演讲比赛，旨在让学生们有一颗感恩的心。(应用文写作之活动介绍)
[点津] aim作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。
——单句语法填空
①The project aims to get(get) kids to a stage called “deep reading”， where they can read to learn.
②You must take aim at the target carefully before you shoot.
③The competition was started with the aim of encouraging young writers.
——句式升级
④This activity is aimed at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking，which is very popular.
→Aimed at improving the students'ability of listening and speaking，this activity is very popular. (动词 ed形式短语作状语)
10．distance n．距离，间距
(1)in the distance 在远方；在远处
at a distance 稍远处；隔一段距离
distance sb from sth 使某人远离某事，使某人撇清和某事的关系
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；冷漠的
be distant from 离……遥远[佳句]Please wear your mask and keep social distance. 请戴上口罩，保持社交距离。
[点津] distance还可用作动词，意为“使(与)……保持距离，撇清和……的关系”。
——单句语法填空
①The dog looked dangerous, so I decided to distance myself from it.
②The railway station is at a distance of two miles away from our school.
③The time we spent together is now a distant (distance) memory.
——读后续写之动作描写
④我们三人沿着小路跑，边喊边笑，这时我们的狗鲁比突然在远处停了下来。
We three were running down the path, shouting and laughing when our dog Rubby suddenly stopped in the distance．
[新闻元素] On August 1, the first international cargo train departed from the Chengdu International Railway Port to Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, which greatly shortens the distance for exporting Russian goods to Southeast Asia. 8月1日，首列国际货运列车从成都国际铁路港出发开往越南胡志明市，这大大缩短了俄罗斯商品出口到东南亚的距离。
11．stress n．压力；忧虑；紧张
(1)lay/put/place stress on/upon sth
强调/重视……
under the stress of ...
在……的压力下
(2)stress v. 强调
stress the importance of
强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 压力大的；令人紧张的；繁重的
stressed adj. 紧张的；感觉有压力的
[佳句]Not only does it help us relieve our stress and anxiety, relax our whole body but also gives us a great sense of well being.
它不仅帮助我们缓解压力和焦虑，放松我们的全身，而且给我们带来极大的幸福感。(应用文写作之健康生活)
[点津] stressed意为“紧张的，感觉有压力的”，指人自身感到有压力；stressful意为“令人紧张的，有压力的”，指事物给人带来压力。
——单句语法填空
①When I was a child, Mother put great stress on/upon my proper behavior.
②She finds her new job very stressful(stress), but she will never give it up.
③If you're feeling stressed(stress), listening to some calming music could really help.
④When under stress, even a most gentle person can get angry easily.
——应用文写作之家庭生活
⑤我父母经常强调保持健康的重要性。
My parents often stress the importance of keeping healthy.
12．suffer vi.&vt.遭受(痛苦)
(1)suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)，患……病(作不及物动词时，常与from连用，指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病或其他之苦)
suffer loss/pain/hardship/defeat
遭受损失/痛苦/困苦/失败
(2)sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者；患者
suffering n. 痛苦，苦难
[佳句]No matter what Oliver suffered, he didn't lose hope, remaining pure in body and mind.
无论奥利弗遭受了什么，他都没有失去希望，保持了身心的纯洁。(应用文写作之人物评价)
[点津] suffer作及物动词时，其后常接抽象名词，如pain, loss, defeat, damage, punishment, poverty, hunger, hardship等。
——单句语法填空
①The discovery of the new drug is of great significance to people suffering from heart problems.
②The film is based on the true life story of a cancer sufferer (suffer).
③The doctor promised that the medicine he had prescribed would ease the patient of his suffering (suffer).
——句式升级
④After he had suffered defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself.
→Having suffered defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself.(动词 ing形式作状语)
[中国元素]Chinese people suffered greatly from wars and invasions in the past, and they feel deeply how precious peace is.
中国人民在过去饱受战争和被侵略的痛苦，深感和平的珍贵。
13．reduce vt. 减少；降低；缩小
(1)reduce ... to ... 把……减少到……
reduce ... by ... 把……减少了……
reduce... from...to...
把……从……减少到……
be reduced to ... 沦落为……；陷入某种状态
(2)reduction n. 减少；缩小；降低
[佳句]I approve of the new idea completely because it can not only reduce the harm done to the environment but also save resources through recycling.
我完全赞成这个新想法，因为它不仅可以减少对环境的危害，而且可以通过回收利用节约资源。(应用文写作之环境保护)
——单句语法填空
①The number of cities producing CO2 beyond the standard has been reduced from forty to nine.
②By dieting and exercising, I reduced my weight by 5 kilograms.
③Several studies also show a reduction (reduce)in blood pressure when more fruit and vegetables are eaten.
——读后续写之人物描写
④令我大吃一惊的是，这位曾经的百万富翁现在沦为街头乞讨。
To my great surprise, the former millionaire is reduced to begging on the streets now.
[新闻元素]Water levels in many sections of the Yangtze River and other places have been significantly reduced, some to record lows, because of the summer heat.
由于夏季酷热，长江许多河段和其他地方的水位已大幅下降，一些地区的水位已降至历史新低。
14．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的
(1)to be frank 坦白说，坦率地说
be frank with sb 对某人坦诚相待
be frank about sth 对某事坦诚
(2)frankly adv. 坦率地；直率地
frankly speaking 坦率地说
(3)frankness n. 率直，坦率，坦白
[佳句]I suggest you have a full and frank conversation with your parents.
我建议你和你的父母进行一次全面而坦率的谈话。(应用文写作之亲子关系)
——单句语法填空
①To be frank with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.
②He was frank about his past experiences and decided to have a change.
③Many parents frankly (frank) admit that they have trouble bringing up their children.
④Everyone liked the young man for his frankness(frank) and good humour.
——一句多译
坦率地说，我觉得这个决定并不明智。
⑤To be frank, I don't think this is a wise decision. (frank)
⑥Frankly speaking, I don't think this is a wise decision. (frankly)
15．graduate vi.毕业
(1)graduate from 从……毕业
graduate in 毕业于……(专业)
graduate from...to... 从……过渡到……，
由……发展成……
(2)graduation n. 毕业，毕业典礼
after graduation 毕业之后[佳句]I graduated from Peking University in 2008, majoring in biology and holding a bachelor's degree.
我于2008年毕业于北京大学，主修生物学，并获得学士学位。(应用文写作之自我介绍)
[点津] graduate还可用作名词，意为“毕业生”。
——单句语法填空
①(2020·山东卷)That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
②Mary graduated in law from Yale University last year and she is a famous lawyer now.
③With the graduation (graduate) season in June, the job market has faced increasing pressure as more college graduates started to look for jobs.
④He eventually graduated from an ordinary workerto the general manager of the company.
——小语段写作
⑤韦伯斯特1996年毕业于耶鲁大学。毕业后，他成为一家国际公司的一名工程师。
Webster graduated from Yale University in 1996. After graduation, he became a engineer in an international company.
16．inspire vt.鼓励，激励
(1)inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth＝inspire sth in sb
以……激励某人；激起
某人的……
(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
(3)inspiration n. 鼓舞；启示；灵感
[佳句]The activity is intended to inspire children's interest in science and technology.
该活动旨在激发儿童对科技的兴趣。(应用文写作之活动目的介绍)
——单句语法填空
①The teacher inspires his students to give (give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.
②Inspired (inspire) by my teacher, I signed up for the competition and made full preparations for it.
③It is really inspiring (inspire) to hear that my son got first place in the maths contest.
④Music is a great source of inspiration (inspire), which can make you laugh, cry or shout.
——一句多译
他鼓励的话语激发了我的信心。
⑤His encouraging words inspired me with confidence.
⑥His encouraging words inspired confidence in me.
17．apply vi.申请；请求
(1)apply (to sb) for sth
(向某人)申请某事
apply to do sth 申请做某事
apply to sth/sb 适用于/运用于……(to为介词)
apply sth to... 把……应用于……；把……涂抹到……(to为介词)
apply oneself to (doing) sth
集中精力/专注于做某事(to为介词)
(2)application n. 申请；申请书；应用
(3)applicant n. 申请人
[佳句]If you want to apply for the job, you must meet the following requirements.
如果你想申请这份工作，你必须满足以下要求。(应用文写作之招聘启事)
[点津] apply作动词，还有“涂抹，敷；应用，使用”之意。
——单句语法填空
①I applied to four universities and was refused by all of them, which made me very upset.
②All the people who are willing to help others can apply to join (join) the organization.
③The rules of safe driving apply to everyone, without exception.
④He is now applying himself to studying (study) traditional Chinese medicine.
⑤The application (apply) of the technology is likely to greatly expand humanity's understanding of the mysteries of life and the evolution of living things.
⑥The job advertisement demands that any applicant (apply) must have three years' experience.
——应用文写作之申请信
⑦我写信是想申请成为我们学校“中国福文化”活动的一名志愿者。
I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the activity called “China Fu Culture” in our school.
18．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
(1)be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
be eager for sth 渴望得到某物
(2)eagerness n. 热切，渴望
(3)eagerly adv. 渴望地，急切地
[佳句]It's human that everyone is eager for success. 人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。
——单句语法填空
①(2021·全国甲卷)She's healthy, strong and already eager to play(play) and explore.
②The children in poverty mountain areas are eager for a big and clean classroom.
③In our eagerness(eager) to make a living, we often forget about our quality of life.
④He eagerly(eager)wanted to give a special present to Grandma, but he was short of money.
——句式升级
⑤Jack was eager to get home, so he began to drive faster.
→Eager to get home, Jack began to drive faster.(形容词短语作状语)
19.responsible adj.负责的；有责任心的
(1)be responsible for 对……负责；是造成……的原因
(2)responsibility n. 责任，职责，任务
take responsibility for 对……负责
It is sb's responsibility to do sth
做某事是某人的责任。
a sense of responsibility 责任感
[佳句]As a responsible citizen, I'll try to learn basic knowledge about how to sort garbage and apply what I learn to practice.
作为一个负责任的公民，我将努力学习如何分类垃圾的基本知识，并将所学基本知识应用到实践中。(应用文写作之垃圾分类)
——单句语法填空
①We should be responsible for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.
②It is your responsibility to keep(keep) the room clean and tidy.
③(2021·全国新高考卷Ⅰ)Half surprised, half concerned, a sense of responsibility (responsible) of caring about the kids drove the father to wipe away her tears.
——一句多译
现在你是成年人了，你需要对自己的行为负责。
④You are an adult now and you need to be responsible for your actions. (responsible)
⑤You are an adult now and you need to take responsibility for your actions. (responsibility)
20．intend vt.计划，打算，想要
(1)intend to do/doing sth 打算/想要做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do ...＝intended to have done... 原本打算做……
be intended for 打算为……所用，专为……而设计的
(2)intention n. 打算，计划，意图
with the intention of 目的是…
[佳句]I am writing to tell you that we intend to celebrate the fifth anniversary of our English Club and I sincerely invite you to attend.
我写信告诉你，我们打算庆祝英语俱乐部成立五周年，我真诚地邀请你参加。(应用文写作之邀请信)
[点津] intend的过去完成时，表示“本打算做某事，但实际没做成”。有类似用法的动词还有：plan，hope，think等。
——单句语法填空
①Libertie intends to follow/following(follow) in her mother's footsteps, but she faces the particular challenges as a dark skinned Black.
②His father intended him to study (study) medicine but he decided to join the army.
③This book is intended for primary and middle school students, aged between 6 and 18.
④Tom came to China three years ago with the intention (intend) of studying Chinese and learning more about Chinese culture.
——一句多译
昨晚我原本打算去拜访你的，可是下起雨来了。
⑤I had intended to visit you last night, but it rained.
⑥I intended to have visited you last night, but it rained.
21．adapt vi.(使)适应
(1)adapt to sth 适应某事
adapt oneself to (doing) sth
使自己适应(做)某事
adapt...from... 根据……改写/改编……
adapt...for... 改(编)……为……之用
(2)adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应
(3)adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；能适应的
[佳句]To all fresh students, how to adapt themselves to the new environment is the first thing that they have to face.
对所有的新生来说，如何使他们自己适应新的环境是他们必须面对的第一件事。(应用文写作之学校生活)
——单句语法填空
①After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to living (live) on my own.
②Have you watched the TV series The Ordinary World adapted(adapt) from Lu Yao's novel of the same name
③Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
④Successful businesses are highly adaptable(adapt) to economic change.
——完成句子
⑤虽然他非常想念他的老朋友，但他设法适应了他的新的学校生活，并且很快就交了很多朋友。
Although he missed his old friends very much, he managed to adapt to his new school life and soon made a lot of friends.
1．shift n．(工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①(熟词生义)Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years.vi.变换
②(熟词生义)He tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues.vt.转嫁
③When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family.n.当班时间
2．plus
[对点微练]——选出plus的含义
A. adj.有利的，好的 B．prep.加
C．n.有利因素，好处 D．conj.而且，此外
①Fluency in Italian is a definite plus, but not a requirement.C
②Two plus three makes five.B
③He is the most intelligent boy I have met. Plus he is very hardworking.D
④The fact that the flight goes from our nearest airport is a real plus point.A
3．range
[对点微练]——选出range的含义
A. n．山脉
B. n．范围
C. vi.(在一定的范围内)变动/变化
D. vi.使(人或物)排成行或列
①Estimates of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million.C
②Some 300 trees have been ranged along the street.D
③The Alps are a high mountain range running across the central south of the country. A
④Almost all of the houses are too expensive so it is difficult to find a house in our price range. B
4．position n．职位；位置
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①(熟词生义)Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.vt.安装，安置
②From his position on the cliff top, he had a good view of the harbour.n.位置
③His salary will be doubled and he'll have a much better position.n.职位
◎主题语境培优——词汇库 [自主核对区]
1.ambition n. 2.participant n． 3．qualified adj. 4.fluent adj. 5．come into reality 6.look back on 7．be forced to do sth 8.take action 9．make up one's mind 10.put off 11．weigh up 12.dream of 1．追求，抱负 2.参与者；参加者 3．合格的，胜任的 4.(尤指外语)流利的；(文字等)流畅的 5．成为现实 6.回顾 7．被迫做某事 8.采取行动 9．下定决心，拿定主意 10.推迟，使……延期 11．权衡；仔细考虑 12.梦想……
Part 2 写作句式迁移
动词 ing形式(短语)作主语
[课本原句]Being a doctor means I have to make correct decisions all the time, which puts a lot of pressure on me.
作为一名医生意味着我总是要做出正确的决定，这给我带来很大的压力。
(1)动词 ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示比较笼统的、一般的或习惯性的动作，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；
(2)动词 ing形式(短语)作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动词 ing形式(短语)后置，常见结构：
It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time ＋doing sth做某事是无用的/没有用的/没有好处的/浪费时间的。
(3)动词 ing形式(短语)作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。
[写作迁移]——微写作
①做家务给孩子们带来很多益处。
Doing housework brings many benefits to children.
②忙碌一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
③对于初学者来说，学习驾驶通常是一次紧张的经历。
Learning to drive is usually a nervous experience for beginners.
④后悔过去的错误是没有用的。
It is no use regretting your past mistakes.
单句语法填空
1．Though the two boys are twins, they differ from each other in many aspects.
2．Filled with anger, you tend to say (say) whatever comes to your mind.
3．To ensure the safety of your computer, the software should be updated (update) in time.
4．(2020·天津卷)This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely (entire) new version of “cool”．
5．Keep away from the drug or it will do a severe injury (injure) to your health.
6．International companies have stronger anti risk ability and higher ability to adapt to market changes.
7．If you want to apply for a job at the office where I work, I'll put in a good word for you.
8．The 10 day event attracted people from all areas of the city who were eager to broaden (broaden) their knowledge.
9．This book proves that poetry is for everyone and might inspire you to try(try) writing some poems yourself.
10．From the day you leave your parents' house, you are responsible for your life and the choices you make.
完成句子
1．在太阳下阅读对我们的眼睛有害。
Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
2．掌握这些基本概念对学生们来说很重要。
It is important for students to grasp these basic concepts.
3．向左转，你就会找到那所学校。
Turning to the left, you will find the school.
4．他刚才说的话对我们大家都很重要。
What he said just now is very important for us all.
5．我们这次活动的主要目的是募款。
Our campaign's main purpose is to raise money.
6.老一辈革命家为国家的独立斗争做出了巨大的贡献。
The revolutionists of the older generation made great contributions to the country's struggle for the independence.
7．上网时，请记住，我们应该保护自己的隐私。
While surfing the Internet, keep in mind that we should protect our privacy.
8．他两年前遇到严重的车祸，不得不放弃务农。
He had a bad accident two years ago and had to give up farming.
话题微写作
根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。
假定你是李华，你的弟弟刚刚高中毕业，马上就要上大学。请你根据提示写一篇文章，介绍他的大学打算。
1. 我弟弟刚刚高中毕业，他期待着在他的大学学习，在那里他将体验一种完全不同的生活方式。
2. 在大学里，他会遇到许多来自不同省份的学生。
3. 此外，他将有一段艰难的时间来适应独立地生活。
4. 然而，他决心努力学习，更新知识，参加一系列的活动，申请加入各种各样的社会组织，甚至成为志愿者，为社会做出贡献。
My brother has 1.just graduated from senior high school(刚刚从高中毕业)and he 2.is looking forward to studying in his university(正期待着在他的大学里学习), where he will 3.experience an entirely different lifestyle(体验一种完全不同的生活方式). In the university, he will meet many students 4.from different provinces(来自不同省份). Besides, he will have a tough time to 5.adapt to living independently(适应独立地生活). However, he has made up his mind to study hard to 6.update his knowledge(更新他的知识), participate in 7.a range of activities(一系列的活动), apply to join 8.various social organisations(各种各样的社会组织)and even serve as volunteers to 9.make contributions to the society(为社会做出贡献).2024高三英语Unit 1名校培优筑基方案（核心单词+词形转换讲+熟词新意+写作迁移）
Unit 1 Life Choices
（核心单词+词形转换+词汇精讲+熟词新意+写作迁移）
一、重点单词分类——夯基础
(一)核心单词
[第一组]
1._________adj. 以前的，先前的
2. _________n. 校园
3. _________ n. 日程表，计划表
4. _________n. 一段时期；章节
5. _________adj. 有利的，好的
prep. 加
6. _________ vi. (问题或困难)出现，发生
7. _________ n. 生活方式
8. _________ vi.&n. 闲谈，聊天
9. _________ vi.&vt. 冲浪
10. _________ adj. 数字的，数码的
11. _________ n. 一系列；范围
12. _________ n. 质量，品质
13. _________ n. 新闻媒体，大众传播媒介(总称)
14. _________adv. 实际上，事实上
15. _________ vt. 拖，拉
16. _________ n. 目标，目的
17. _________ n. 目的，意图
vi. 力求达到
[第二组]
18. _________ adv. 与此同时
19. _________vt. 更新
20. _________ adv. 在前面；向前
21. _________ adv. 向/在城镇商业中心区
22. _________ n. 专家，行家
23. _________ n. 职位；位置
24. _________ vi. 运转，工作
n. 功能
25. _________ vt. 寻求；请求
26. _________ vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征
27. _________n. 省
28. _________ vi.&vt. 闪现，闪过
n. 照相机闪光灯
29. _________ n. 笑；笑声
30. _________ adv. 除……之外
31. _________n. 联系，联络
vt. (写信，打电话)联系(某人)
32. _________ n. 慈善机构，慈善团体
33. _________ adv. 向前；进展
34. _________ adj. 农村的，乡村的，田园的
(二)拓展单词
[第一组]
1. differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别→_________adj.不同的；相异的→_________ n．不同；区别→_________ adv.不同地；相异地
2. expect vt.预料，预期，预计；期待；猜想，认为→_________ n．期待；预料，预期→_________ adj.预料的，预期的
3. confidence n．自信，信心；信赖→_________adj.有信心的，自信的→_________ adv.确信地，肯定地；自信地
4. competence n．能力，胜任→_________adj.足以胜任的，有能力的
5. press vt.按，压，施加压力；催促→_________ n．压力
6. recover vi.恢复健康，康复→_________ n．恢复；复苏；痊愈
7. injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→_________ n．伤，损害→_________ adj.受伤的；有伤的
8．fortune n．运气，命运；财富，财产→_________ adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地→_________ adv.幸运地→_________adj.幸运的；吉祥的→_________ adj.不幸的→_________ n．厄运；不幸
9．challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物vt.向……挑战→_________ adj.富有挑战性的
10．definitely adv.确切地，肯定地→_________ adj.无疑的；确定的
11．vary vi.变化→_________ adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的→_________ n．种类；多样性→_________ n．差异，变化
12．necessary adj.必需的，必要的；必然的，无法避免的→_________ n．必需品→_________ adv.必然地，不可避免地
13．convenient adj.方便的，便利的→_________ n．方便，便利→_________ adv.方便地，便利地
14．addict n．对……着迷的人→_________ adj.上瘾的；沉迷于某种嗜好的→_________ adj.使人上瘾的→_________ n．瘾，入迷，嗜好
15．distance n. 距离，间距→_________ adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的，疏远的
16．volunteer vi.&vt.自愿；志愿；n.志愿者→_________ adj.志愿的；服务的；自愿的
17．revise vi.& vt.复习→_________ n．修订；复习
18．stress n．压力；忧虑；紧张→_________ adj.充满压力的，紧张的→_________ adj.焦虑的，紧张的
19．suffer vi.&vt.遭受(痛苦)→_________ n．受苦者，受难者；患者→_________ n．痛苦，苦难
20．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→_________ n．减少
21．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的→_________ adv.坦率地；直率地
22．remove vt.移走；去掉→_________ n．移动；调动；去除；免职
[第二组]
23. tense adj.紧张的，担心的→_________ n．紧张；焦虑
24．organise vt. 组织，筹划→_________ n．组织，团体，机构→_________adj.有组织的，系统的，有条理的→_________ n．(活动等的)组织者
25．profession n．(需要高等教育和训练的)专业，行业→_________ adj.专业的，职业的→_________ adv.娴熟地，老练地；内行地
26．typical adj.平常的，一贯的；典型的→_________ adv.一般；典型地，具有代表性地；不出所料
27．graduate vi.毕业→_________ n．毕业；毕业典礼
28．inspire vt.鼓励，激励→_________ adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→_________ n．鼓舞；启示；灵感
29．apply vi.申请；请求→_________ n．申请人→_________ n．请求，申请；申请表；应用
30．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→_________ n．热切，渴望→_________ adv.渴望地；热切地
31．independent adj.独立的；自主的→_________ adv. 独立地，自立地→_________ n．独立，自主，自立
32．power n．电，电力；力量→_________ adj.强有力的，有影响(感染)力的
33．stable adj.稳固的，稳定的；沉稳的→_________ adj.不稳定的→_________ n．稳定(性)，稳固
34．dust n．尘土，灰尘→_________ adj.布满灰尘的
35． mud n．泥；淤泥；泥浆→_________ adj.泥泞的，多泥的
36．responsible adj.负责的；有责任心的→_________ n．责任，职责，任务
37．attract v．吸引，引起……的兴趣→_________ adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的→_________ n．吸引；吸引人的事物；吸引力
38．contribute vt.&vi.贡献，捐献；是……的原因之一，增进；撰稿→_________ n．贡献→_________ n．贡献者；捐助者；撰稿人，投稿者
39．intend vt.计划，打算，想要→_________ n．意图，目的→_________adj.故意的，有意的，存心的
40．formal adj.正式的，官方的→_________ adv.正式地；正规地→_________ adj.非正式的
41．adapt vi.(使)适应→_________ n．改编本，改写本；适应→_________ adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
42．digest vt.消化(食物)；领悟 n．文摘，汇编→_________ n. 消化
43．entertain vt.使快乐→_________ n．娱乐→_________ adj.有趣的；令人愉快的
(三)阅读单词
[第一组]
1．senior adj. __________________
2．secondary adj. __________________
3．dynamic adj. __________________
4．apartment n. __________________
5．am __________________
6．shift n. __________________
7．leisure n. __________________
8．engine n. __________________
9．teen n. __________________
10．laptop n. __________________
11．native n. __________________
12．hardware n. __________________
13．target n. __________________
14．saying n. __________________
15．café n. __________________
[第二组]
16. editor n. __________________
17. entirely adv. __________________
18. military n. __________________
19. absolutely adv. __________________
20. extent n. __________________
21. thus adv. __________________
22. certificate n. __________________
23. sort n. __________________
24. supply n. __________________
25. tough adj. __________________
26. junior adj. __________________
27. gym n. __________________
28. moment n. __________________
29. presentation n. __________________
30. slide n. __________________
31. recreation n. __________________
二、必备短语分组——抓落实
(一)英译汉
1．all in all __________________
2．surf the Internet __________________
3．search engine __________________
4．from time to time __________________
5．living room __________________
6．in person __________________
7．social media __________________
8．get ahead __________________
9．due to __________________
10．all sorts of __________________
11．as well as __________________
12．at the moment __________________
(二)汉译英
13．__________________ 按……所说，根据
14．__________________ 易于做某事
15．__________________ (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
16．__________________ 坦白说，坦率地说
17．__________________ 换句话说
18．__________________ 从……毕业
19．__________________ 申请
20．__________________ 放弃
21．__________________ 对付，应付，处理
22．__________________ 对……负责
23．__________________ 适应某事
24．__________________ 期待，盼望
三、经典句式默背——积佳句
(一)句型公式
1．动词 ing形式(短语)作主语
Being_a_doctor means I have to make correct decisions all the time, which puts a lot of pressure on me.
作为一名医生意味着我总是要做出正确的决定，这给我带来很大的压力。
2．“It is＋形容词＋to do sth”句型
It's_so_convenient_to_be_able_to_compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.
购物前，能够比较不同的网络商店的质量和价格是非常方便的。
3．动词 ing形式(短语)作状语
After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling_tired．
漫长的一天过后，张天疲惫不堪，终于回到了自己的小窝。
4．what引导的主语从句
What_made_him_feel_satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more confident in learning.
让他感到欣慰的是他的学生能够读英语、说英语和写英语，并且在学习上变得更自信。
5．动词不定式(短语)作表语
The best way to find yourself is to_lose_yourself_in_the_service_of_others．
找到自我的最好方法是全身心投入到为他人的服务当中。
(二)单元美句
The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges.
离开的想法曾在他的脑海中闪现过，但是他很快放弃了这个念头，并且找到了应对挑战的办法。
四、单元知识横拓——积得多
1．以t结尾的形容词变t为ce构成名词
①absent→absence 缺席
②confident→confidence 自信
③patient→patience 耐心
④important→importance 重要性
⑤silent→silence 沉默
⑥significant→significance 重要意义
2．“动词＋ing”变名词
①park→parking 停车
②understand→understanding 理解
③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难
④train→training 训练
⑤say→saying 谚语
⑥warn→warning 警告
3．“in＋名词”短语
①in public 公开地
②in theory 从理论上看
③in time 及时
④in trouble 有麻烦
⑤in action 在活动中，在进行中
⑥in surprise 惊讶地
五、读后续写微技能——心理描写之愤怒
Tom's recent behaviour made Mr Smith burst into anger.Finding his homework was unfinished again，Mr Smith let out a cry of anger, with his eyes shining with annoyance.Mr Smith，whose patience had worn thin, called Tom's father.Learning his son had been so badly behaved，Tom's father felt so angry that he turned around and glared at Tom, “You'd better explain what's going on！”However, Tom hung his head and said nothing, which made him frown.He pulled a long face in anger.Eventually, unable to contain his anger, he stormed out of the room, slamming the door furiously behind him.
一、单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1．Youths are under immense __________ (压力)and have to work very hard to create a better future for their families and themselves.
2．The Internet has greatly changed people's __________ (生活方式)and the way people work.
3．(2019·江苏卷)To enjoy the convenience of __________ (数字的)payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
4．According to the __________ (日程表), all work should be finished before 10 o'clock so we just have two hours left.
5．These products are of high __________ (质量), so they are a little more expensive than those ones.
6．His humorous comments were met with a burst of applause and __________ (笑声)in the hall.
7．Some workers say they have never received any __________ (正式的)job training and often have to conduct dangerous operations without protective equipment.
8．(2022·全国甲卷)Throughout her career as a __________ (专业的)dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
9．The quality of the products is the most important while the price is __________．
10．The new computers are much better in performance than the __________ generation.
二、单句语法填空
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．If you think your present job is very __________ (stress), it may be time to think about getting a new job.
2．They must bear full __________ (responsible) for their own wrongdoings because they are adults.
3．It is a __________ (challenge) job but I believe I can manage it with my efforts.
4．We have the strength and__________ (confident) to deal with complexities and overcome risks and threats.
5．The virtues of persistence and determination that I gained from __________ (volunteer) work drove me to overcome difficulties and strive to serve residents.
6．China's electricity consumption has been rising in recent periods, indicating the continuous __________ (recover) of domestic economy.
7．__________ (unfortunate), too many girls are still held back from acquiring their desired education in some underdeveloped countries.
8．We should think about how to innovate to make our products __________ (attract) and popular on the international market.
9．Can you telephone me at your __________ (convenient) to arrange a meeting
10．Her behaviour is against the trend of regional development and goes against the __________ (expect) of all peace loving people in world.
三、选词填空
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
from time to time，in other words，deal with，give up，look forward to，in person，due to，adapt to
1．None of the students responded to her question; __________, her question failed to get a response from any of the students.
2.On no condition can we __________ our dreams; only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.
3．We hope you can make greater progress in your studies and I'm __________ receiving your good news continually.
4．It is important for children to have their teeth checked__________．
5. It took him more than two years to __________ the new environment.
6．We can't control what happens to us, but we can always choose how to __________ it.
7．__________ the continuous expansion of our business, we need to employ more workers.
8．It really touched me that my boss visited me __________ when I was ill and stayed at home.
四、经典句式仿写
1．熬夜太晚对我们的健康是有害的。(动词 ing形式短语作主语)
__________ is bad for our health.
2．没有空气和水，植物是不可能活的。(“It is＋形容词＋to do sth”句型)
__________ without air and water.
3．看着照片，我不禁怀念我快乐的童年时光。(动词 ing形式短语作状语)
__________, I couldn't help missing my happy childhood.
4．让他父母如此兴奋的事是他在比赛中得了第一名。(what引导主语从句)
__________ was that he got the first in the match.
5．我的愿望是毕业后参军。(动词不定式短语作表语)
My wish is __________after graduation.
Part 1 重点词汇过关
1．differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别
(1)differ from...in...
与……在……方面不同
(2)different adj. 不同的；相异的
be different from...in...
与……在……方面不同
(3)difference n. 不同；区别
tell the difference between... and...
分辨……和……的不同
make a difference (to)
对……有影响；使……不相同
(4)differently adv.不同地；相异地
[佳句]Local people's opinions differ sharply on whether the chemical factory should be removed from the area.
当地人对是否应将该化工厂迁出该地区的意见分歧很大。(应用文之环境保护)
——单句语法填空
It is obvious that the two shirts differ __________ colour—one is red and the other is blue.
②(2021·全国乙卷)It is different __________ traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types __________ (different).
④There's a big __________ (different) between knowing that something is true, and being able to prove it.
——读后续写之哲理句
⑤直到那时，我才意识到，只要一个小小的行动，你就能改变一个人的生活。(difference)
Only then did I realize with one small action you can make a difference to a person's life.
[中国元素]One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘， 谬以千里。
2．confidence n．自信，信心；信赖
(1)have confidence in 对……有信心
with confidence 自信地，有信心地
(2)confident adj. 自信的，有信心的
be confident of/about 对……有信心；
对……有把握
(3)confidently adv. 自信地
[佳句]By getting involved in the competition, I gained more confidence and my English also was improved a lot.
通过参加这场比赛，我获得了更多自信，我的英语也提高了很多。
——单句语法填空
①The measures are intended to restore people's __________ (confident) in the economy.
②It seems that they aren't confident __________ the future of the industry.
③On the day of the History exam, I went into the exam hall __________ (confident).
——应用文写作之活动意义
④这个展览不仅开阔了学生的视野，也增强了他们的文化自信。
The exhibition not only broadened the students' horizons but also strengthened their cultural confidence．
3．competence n．能力，胜任
(1)professional/technical competence
专业/技术能力
competence in doing/to do sth
做某事的能力
(2)competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的
be competent to do sth
胜任做某事，有能力做某事
(3)competently adv. 胜任地，适合地
[佳句]There is no doubt that Chinese people have confidence, resolution and competence to overcome the risks and challenges.
毫无疑问，中国人民有信心、决心和能力克服风险和挑战。
——单句语法填空
①They have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional __________ (competent).
②I feel I am competent __________ (meet) all the requirements you have listed.
③Even after training, Smith still can't do his work __________ (competent), so he may be dismissed soon.
——应用文之推荐信
凭借丰富的实践经验和专业能力，我相信李华能够在贵公司工作。
With________________________________________, I believe Li Hua is capable of working in your company.
4．recover vi.恢复健康，康复
(1)recover from 从……中恢复过来
(2)recovery n. 恢复；痊愈；改善；复苏
wish sb a speedy recovery
祝愿某人早日康复
make a full recovery 完全康复
[佳句]It can take many years to recover from the death of a loved one.
从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很多年。
——单句语法填空
①After recovering __________ his illness, he was advised to take up gardening as a hobby.
②The hospital's child friendly environment helps with young patients' __________ (recover).
——应用文写作之慰问信
③祝你早日康复，回到我们的大家庭。
______________________________ and return to our big family.
5.challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt.向……挑战
(1)face/meet a challenge 面对/迎接挑战
accept/take up a challenge
接受挑战，应战
(2)challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战做某事
(3)challenging adj. 富有挑战性的
[佳句]Life's challenges are not supposed to paralyze you, they're supposed to help you discover who you are.生活的挑战并不是为了把你打倒，而是为了帮你看清楚自己是谁。(读后续写之人生哲理)
——单句语法填空
①Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main __________ (challenge) facing the government.
②My brother challenged me __________ a game of chess and finally he won by a hair.
③The new position challenged him __________ (study) still harder during his spare time.
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing on the moon's far side is extremely __________ (challenge).
——读后续写之积极的人生态度
我别无选择，只能勇敢地面对这些挑战。
I had no choice but __________．
⑥我知道未来会有很多困难和有挑战性的日子，但我永远不会放弃。
I know there will be __________ ahead but I will never give up.
6．arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生
arise from/out of 产生于，起因于
[易混辨析] arise, rise, raise, arouse辨析
动词 类型 词义 过去式 过去 分词 现在 分词
arise 不及物 动词 (由……)引起；产生，出现；起床，起身 arose arisen arising
rise 不及物 动词 升起，升高；站起，起身 rose risen rising
raise 及物 动词 增加，提高；举起；抬起；抚养，养育；饲养；筹募，筹集 raised raised raising
arouse 及物 动词 激起，引起(感情、态度) aroused aroused arousing
[佳句]When you try to gain too much control in your relationship with others, conflicts will arise and the relationship can break up. 当你在与他人的关系中试图获得太多的控制权，冲突就会出现，你们的关系可能会破裂。(应用文之人际关系)
——选词填空：arise，rise，raise，arouse
①We hold a party every year to __________ money for the local charity.
②The teacher told the students a story to __________ the curiosity and interest of the subject.
③It is common knowledge that the sun __________ in the east and sets in the west.
④It was shortly after one problem had been solved that another problem __________ immediately.
——同义句转换
As we all know, most car accidents are caused by carelessness.
→As we all know, most car accidents ____________________. (arise)
[中国元素]The Chinese people's national pride and confidence arises from the rapid development of our country. 中国人民的民族自豪感和自信心来自于我们国家的快速发展。
7．convenient adj.方便的，便利的
(1)It is/was convenient for sb to do sth
对于某人来说做某事是
方便的。
sth be convenient for/to sb
某物对某人来说是方便的
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
(3)conveniently adv. 方便地，便利地；顺利地
[佳句]The high speed train has made it much more convenient for us to go back home.
高铁使我们回家方便得多了。(应用文写作之社会发展)
[点津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语；“当你方便的时候”应译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
——单句语法填空
①Using mobile phones, it is extremely convenient for people __________ (communicate) with their friends.
②I keep my reference books near my desk for__________ (convenient).
③With rapid development of the digital multimedia technology, people can __________ (convenient) download, store and distribute multimedia information.
④I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions __________your convenience.
——应用文写作之邀请信
⑤如果你方便的话，我想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。
____________________, I would like to invite you to attend my birthday party.
[中国元素]Xiamen is on the southeast coast of China with convenient traffic and a mild climate, neither too cold in winter, nor too hot in summer. 厦门市地处中国东南沿海，交通便利，天气温和，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑。
8．addict n．对……着迷的人
(1)addicted adj. 上瘾的；沉迷于某种嗜好的
be/become/get addicted to
沉迷于；热爱(to为介词)
(2)addiction n. 瘾，入迷，嗜好(常与介词to连用)
(3)addictive adj. (药物等)使人上瘾的
[佳句]She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.
她是一个电视迷，看尽可能多的电视。
——单句语法填空
①With the development of information network technology, more minors have been using or even got addicted __________ the Internet.
②It needs the schools and parents' joint efforts to help children get rid of their __________ (addict) to online games.
③You should stop taking this medicine because it is highly __________ (addict).
④Addicted to __________ (play) computer games, he couldn't focus on his study so he failed in the exam.
——句式升级
⑤The boy is addicted to reading, and he even holds a book while having meals.
→____________________, the boy even holds a book while having meals.(形容词短语作状语)
9．aim n．目的，意图 vi.力求达到
(1)aim to do sth 目标是做某事，旨在做某事
aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth
瞄准，对准；旨在(做)某事
(2)take aim at... 瞄准……；对准……
with the aim of..
[佳句]An English speech contest named Learn to Be Grateful was organized by our school last Friday，whose aim is to make the students have a grateful heart.
上周五，我们学校组织了一场名为“学会感恩”的英语演讲比赛，旨在让学生们有一颗感恩的心。(应用文写作之活动介绍)
[点津] aim作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。
——单句语法填空
①The project aims __________ (get) kids to a stage called “deep reading”， where they can read to learn.
②You must take aim __________ the target carefully before you shoot.
③The competition was started __________ the aim of encouraging young writers.
——句式升级
④This activity is aimed at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking，which is very popular.
→________________________________________，this activity is very popular. (动词 ed形式短语作状语)
10．distance n．距离，间距
(1)in the distance 在远方；在远处
at a distance 稍远处；隔一段距离
distance sb from sth 使某人远离某事，使某人撇清和某事的关系
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；冷漠的
be distant from 离……遥远
[佳句]Please wear your mask and keep social distance. 请戴上口罩，保持社交距离。
[点津] distance还可用作动词，意为“使(与)……保持距离，撇清和……的关系”。
——单句语法填空
①The dog looked dangerous, so I decided to distance myself __________ it.
②The railway station is __________ a distance of two miles away from our school.
③The time we spent together is now a __________ (distance) memory.
——读后续写之动作描写
④我们三人沿着小路跑，边喊边笑，这时我们的狗鲁比突然在远处停了下来。
We three were running down the path, shouting and laughing when our dog Rubby suddenly stopped __________．
[新闻元素] On August 1, the first international cargo train departed from the Chengdu International Railway Port to Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, which greatly shortens the distance for exporting Russian goods to Southeast Asia. 8月1日，首列国际货运列车从成都国际铁路港出发开往越南胡志明市，这大大缩短了俄罗斯商品出口到东南亚的距离。
11．stress n．压力；忧虑；紧张
(1)lay/put/place stress on/upon sth
强调/重视……
under the stress of ...
在……的压力下
(2)stress v. 强调
stress the importance of
强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 压力大的；令人紧张的；繁重的
stressed adj. 紧张的；感觉有压力的
[佳句]Not only does it help us relieve our stress and anxiety, relax our whole body but also gives us a great sense of well being.
它不仅帮助我们缓解压力和焦虑，放松我们的全身，而且给我们带来极大的幸福感。(应用文写作之健康生活)
[点津] stressed意为“紧张的，感觉有压力的”，指人自身感到有压力；stressful意为“令人紧张的，有压力的”，指事物给人带来压力。
——单句语法填空
①When I was a child, Mother put great stress __________ my proper behavior.
②She finds her new job very __________ (stress), but she will never give it up.
③If you're feeling __________ (stress), listening to some calming music could really help.
④When __________ stress, even a most gentle person can get angry easily.
——应用文写作之家庭生活
⑤我父母经常强调保持健康的重要性。
My parents often__________ keeping healthy.
12．suffer vi.&vt.遭受(痛苦)
(1)suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)，患……病(作不及物动词时，常与from连用，指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病或其他之苦)
suffer loss/pain/hardship/defeat
遭受损失/痛苦/困苦/失败
(2)sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者；患者
suffering n. 痛苦，苦难
[佳句]No matter what Oliver suffered, he didn't lose hope, remaining pure in body and mind.
无论奥利弗遭受了什么，他都没有失去希望，保持了身心的纯洁。(应用文写作之人物评价)
[点津] suffer作及物动词时，其后常接抽象名词，如pain, loss, defeat, damage, punishment, poverty, hunger, hardship等。
——单句语法填空
①The discovery of the new drug is of great significance to people suffering __________ heart problems.
②The film is based on the true life story of a cancer __________ (suffer).
③The doctor promised that the medicine he had prescribed would ease the patient of his __________ (suffer).
——句式升级
④After he had suffered defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself.
→______________________________, he began to lose faith in himself.(动词 ing形式作状语)
[中国元素]Chinese people suffered greatly from wars and invasions in the past, and they feel deeply how precious peace is.
中国人民在过去饱受战争和被侵略的痛苦，深感和平的珍贵。
13．reduce vt. 减少；降低；缩小
(1)reduce ... to ... 把……减少到……
reduce ... by ... 把……减少了……
reduce... from...to...
把……从……减少到……
be reduced to ... 沦落为……；陷入某种状态
(2)reduction n. 减少；缩小；降底
[佳句]I approve of the new idea completely because it can not only reduce the harm done to the environment but also save resources through recycling.
我完全赞成这个新想法，因为它不仅可以减少对环境的危害，而且可以通过回收利用节约资源。(应用文写作之环境保护)
——单句语法填空
①The number of cities producing CO2 beyond the standard has been reduced __________forty to nine.
②By dieting and exercising, I reduced my weight __________ 5 kilograms.
③Several studies also show a __________ (reduce)in blood pressure when more fruit and vegetables are eaten.
——读后续写之人物描写
④令我大吃一惊的是，这位曾经的百万富翁现在沦为街头乞讨。
To my great surprise, the former millionaire __________ on the streets now.
[新闻元素]Water levels in many sections of the Yangtze River and other places have been significantly reduced, some to record lows, because of the summer heat.
由于夏季酷热，长江许多河段和其他地方的水位已大幅下降，一些地区的水位已降至历史新低。
14．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的
(1)to be frank 坦白说，坦率地说
be frank with sb 对某人坦诚相待
be frank about sth 对某事坦诚
(2)frankly adv. 坦率地；直率地
frankly speaking 坦率地说白
[佳句]I suggest you have a full and frank conversation with your parents.
我建议你和你的父母进行一次全面而坦率的谈话。(应用文写作之亲子关系)
——单句语法填空
①To be frank __________ you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.
②He was frank __________ his past experiences and decided to have a change.
③Many parents __________ (frank) admit that they have trouble bringing up their children.
④Everyone liked the young man for his __________ (frank) and good humour.
——一句多译
坦率地说，我觉得这个决定并不明智。
⑤__________, I don't think this is a wise decision. (frank)
⑥__________, I don't think this is a wise decision. (frankly)
15．graduate vi.毕业
(1)graduate from 从……毕业
graduate in 毕业于……(专业)
graduate from...to... 从……过渡到……，
由……发展成……
(2)graduation n. 毕业，毕业典礼
after graduation 毕业之后
[佳句]I graduated from Peking University in 2008, majoring in biology and holding a bachelor's degree.
我于2008年毕业于北京大学，主修生物学，并获得学士学位。(应用文写作之自我介绍)
[点津] graduate还可用作名词，意为“毕业生”。
——单句语法填空
①(2020·山东卷)That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated __________ University of Wisconsin Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
②Mary graduated __________ law from Yale University last year and she is a famous lawyer now.
③With the __________ (graduate) season in June, the job market has faced increasing pressure as more college graduates started to look for jobs.
④He eventually graduated from an ordinary worker __________ the general manager of the company.
——小语段写作
⑤韦伯斯特1996年毕业于耶鲁大学。毕业后，他成为一家国际公司的一名工程师。
Webster __________ Yale University in 1996. __________, he became a engineer in an international company.
16．inspire vt.鼓励，激励
(1)inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth＝inspire sth in sb
以……激励某人；激起
某人的……
(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
(3)inspiration n. 鼓舞；启示；灵感
[佳句]The activity is intended to inspire children's interest in science and technology.
该活动旨在激发儿童对科技的兴趣。(应用文写作之活动目的介绍)
——单句语法填空
①The teacher inspires his students __________ (give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.
②__________ (inspire) by my teacher, I signed up for the competition and made full preparations for it.
③It is really __________ (inspire) to hear that my son got first place in the maths contest.
④Music is a great source of __________ (inspire), which can make you laugh, cry or shout.
——一句多译
他鼓励的话语激发了我的信心。
⑤His encouraging words ____________________ confidence.
⑥His encouraging words ____________________me.
17．apply vi.申请；请求
(1)apply (to sb) for sth
(向某人)申请某事
apply to do sth 申请做某事
apply to sth/sb 适用于/运用于……(to为介词)
apply sth to... 把……应用于……；把……涂抹到……(to为介词)
apply oneself to (doing) sth
集中精力/专注于做某事(to为介词)
(2)application n. 申请；申请书；应用
(3)applicant n. 申请人
[佳句]If you want to apply for the job, you must meet the following requirements.
如果你想申请这份工作，你必须满足以下要求。(应用文写作之招聘启事)
[点津] apply作动词，还有“涂抹，敷；应用，使用”之意。
——单句语法填空
①I applied __________ four universities and was refused by all of them, which made me very upset.
②All the people who are willing to help others can apply __________ (join) the organization.
③The rules of safe driving apply __________ everyone, without exception.
④He is now applying himself to __________ (study) traditional Chinese medicine.
⑤The __________ (apply) of the technology is likely to greatly expand humanity's understanding of the mysteries of life and the evolution of living things.
The job advertisement demands that any __________ (apply) must have three years' experience.
——应用文写作之申请信
我写信是想申请成为我们学校“中国福文化”活动的一名志愿者。
I'm writing to ____________________ for the activity called “China Fu Culture” in our school.
18．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
(1)be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
be eager for sth 渴望得到某物
(2)eagerness n. 热切，渴望
(3)eagerly adv. 渴望地，急切地
[佳句]It's human that everyone is eager for success. 人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。
——单句语法填空
①(2021·全国甲卷)She's healthy, strong and already eager __________ (play) and explore.
②The children in poverty mountain areas are eager __________ a big and clean classroom.
③In our __________ (eager) to make a living, we often forget about our quality of life.
④He __________ (eager)wanted to give a special present to Grandma, but he was short of money.
——句式升级
⑤Jack was eager to get home, so he began to drive faster.
→____________________, Jack began to drive faster.(形容词短语作状语)
19.responsible adj.负责的；有责任心的
(1)be responsible for 对……负责；是造成……的原因
(2)responsibility n. 责任，职责，任务
take responsibility for 对……负责
It is sb's responsibility to do sth
做某事是某人的责任。
a sense of responsibility 责任感
[佳句]As a responsible citizen, I'll try to learn basic knowledge about how to sort garbage and apply what I learn to practice.
作为一个负责任的公民，我将努力学习如何分类垃圾的基本知识，并将所学基本知识应用到实践中。(应用文写作之垃圾分类)
——单句语法填空
①We should be responsible __________ the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.
②It is your responsibility __________ (keep) the room clean and tidy.
③(2021·全国新高考卷Ⅰ)Half surprised, half concerned, a sense of __________ (responsible) of caring about the kids drove the father to wipe away her tears.
——一句多译
现在你是成年人了，你需要对自己的行为负责。
④You are an adult now and you need to be responsible for your actions. (responsible)
⑤You are an adult now and you need to take responsibility for your actions. (responsibility)
20．intend vt.计划，打算，想要
(1)intend to do/doing sth 打算/想要做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do ...＝intended to have done... 原本打算做……
be intended for 打算为……所用，专为……而设计的
(2)intention n. 打算，计划，意图
with the intention of 目的是…
[佳句]I am writing to tell you that we intend to celebrate the fifth anniversary of our English Club and I sincerely invite you to attend.
我写信告诉你，我们打算庆祝英语俱乐部成立五周年，我真诚地邀请你参加。(应用文写作之邀请信)
[点津] intend的过去完成时，表示“本打算做某事，但实际没做成”。有类似用法的动词还有：plan，hope，think等。
——单句语法填空
①Libertie intends __________ (follow) in her mother's footsteps, but she faces the particular challenges as a dark skinned Black.
②His father intended him __________ (study) medicine but he decided to join the army.
③This book is intended __________ primary and middle school students, aged between 6 and 18.
④Tom came to China three years ago with the __________ (intend) of studying Chinese and learning more about Chinese culture.
——一句多译
昨晚我原本打算去拜访你的，可是下起雨来了。
⑤I ____________________you last night, but it rained.
⑥I ____________________ you last night, but it rained.
21．adapt vi.(使)适应
(1)adapt to sth 适应某事
adapt oneself to (doing) sth
使自己适应(做)某事
adapt...from... 根据……改写/改编……
adapt...for... 改(编)……为……之用
(2)adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应
(3)adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；能适应的
[佳句]To all fresh students, how to adapt themselves to the new environment is the first thing that they have to face.
对所有的新生来说，如何使他们自己适应新的环境是他们必须面对的第一件事。(应用文写作之学校生活)
——单句语法填空
①After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to __________ (live) on my own.
②Have you watched the TV series The Ordinary World __________ (adapt) from Lu Yao's novel of the same name
③Most of these tools have been specially adapted __________ use by disabled people.
④Successful businesses are highly __________ (adapt) to economic change.
——完成句子
⑤虽然他非常想念他的老朋友，但他设法适应了他的新的学校生活，并且很快就交了很多朋友。
Although he missed his old friends very much, he ________________________________________ and soon made a lot of friends.
1．shift n．(工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
(熟词生义)Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years. __________
②(熟词生义)He tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues. __________
③When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family. __________
2．plus
[对点微练]——选出plus的含义
A. adj.有利的，好的 B．prep.加
C．n.有利因素，好处 D．conj.而且，此外
①Fluency in Italian is a definite plus, but not a requirement.
Two plus three makes five.
He is the most intelligent boy I have met. Plus he is very hardworking.
④The fact that the flight goes from our nearest airport is a real plus point.
3．range
[对点微练]——选出range的含义
A. n．山脉
B. n．范围
C. vi.(在一定的范围内)变动/变化
D. vi.使(人或物)排成行或列
①Estimates of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million.
②Some 300 trees have been ranged along the street.
The Alps are a high mountain range running across the central south of the country.
④Almost all of the houses are too expensive so it is difficult to find a house in our price range.
4．position n．职位；位置
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
(熟词生义)Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.
From his position on the cliff top, he had a good view of the harbour.
③His salary will be doubled and he'll have a much better position.
◎主题语境培优——词汇库 [自主核对区]
1.ambition n. 2.participant n． 3．qualified adj. 4.fluent adj. 5．come into reality 6.look back on 7．be forced to do sth 8.take action 9．make up one's mind 10.put off 11．weigh up 12.dream of 1．追求，抱负 2.参与者；参加者 3．合格的，胜任的 4.(尤指外语)流利的；(文字等)流畅的 5．成为现实 6.回顾 7．被迫做某事 8.采取行动 9．下定决心，拿定主意 10.推迟，使……延期 11．权衡；仔细考虑 12.梦想……
Part 2 写作句式迁移
动词 ing形式(短语)作主语
[课本原句]Being a doctor means I have to make correct decisions all the time, which puts a lot of pressure on me.
作为一名医生意味着我总是要做出正确的决定，这给我带来很大的压力。
(1)动词 ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示比较笼统的、一般的或习惯性的动作，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；
(2)动词 ing形式(短语)作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动词 ing形式(短语)后置，常见结构：
It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time ＋doing sth做某事是无用的/没有用的/没有好处的/浪费时间的。
(3)动词 ing形式(短语)作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。
[写作迁移]——微写作
①做家务给孩子们带来很多益处。
Doing housework brings many benefits to children.
②忙碌一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
③对于初学者来说，学习驾驶通常是一次紧张的经历。
Learning to drive is usually a nervous experience for beginners.
④后悔过去的错误是没有用的。
It is no use regretting your past mistakes.
单句语法填空
1．Though the two boys are twins, they differ __________ each other in many aspects.
2．Filled with anger, you tend __________ (say) whatever comes to your mind.
3．To ensure the safety of your computer, the software should __________ (update) in time.
4．(2020·天津卷)This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an __________ (entire) new version of “cool”．
5．Keep away from the drug or it will do a severe __________ (injure) to your health.
6．International companies have stronger anti risk ability and higher ability to adapt to market changes.
7．If you want to apply __________ a job at the office where I work, I'll put in a good word for you.
8．The 10 day event attracted people from all areas of the city who were eager __________ (broaden) their knowledge.
9．This book proves that poetry is for everyone and might inspire you __________ (try) writing some poems yourself.
10．From the day you leave your parents' house, you are responsible __________ your life and the choices you make.
完成句子
1．在太阳下阅读对我们的眼睛有害。
__________ __________ is bad for our eyes.
2．掌握这些基本概念对学生们来说很重要。
__________ __________ __________ __________ these basic concepts.
3．向左转，你就会找到那所学校。
__________ __________, you will find the school.
4．他刚才说的话对我们大家都很重要。
__________ __________ __________ is very important for us all.
5．我们这次活动的主要目的是募款。
Our campaign's main purpose is __________ __________.
6.老一辈革命家为国家的独立斗争做出了巨大的贡献。
The revolutionists of the older generation __________ __________ __________ the country's struggle for the independence.
7．上网时，请记住，我们应该保护自己的隐私。
While __________ __________, keep in mind that we should protect our privacy.
8．他两年前遇到严重的车祸，不得不放弃务农。
He had a bad accident two years ago and had to __________ __________.
话题微写作
根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。
假定你是李华，你的弟弟刚刚高中毕业，马上就要上大学。请你根据提示写一篇文章，介绍他的大学打算。
1. 我弟弟刚刚高中毕业，他期待着在他的大学学习，在那里他将体验一种完全不同的生活方式。
2. 在大学里，他会遇到许多来自不同省份的学生。
3. 此外，他将有一段艰难的时间来适应独立地生活。
4. 然而，他决心努力学习，更新知识，参加一系列的活动，申请加入各种各样的社会组织，甚至成为志愿者，为社会做出贡献。
My brother has 1._______________________ (刚刚从高中毕业)and he 2. _______________________ (正期待着在他的大学里学习), where he will 3. _______________________ (体验一种完全不同的生活方式). In the university, he will meet many students 4. _______________________ (来自不同省份). Besides, he will have a tough time to 5. _______________________ (适应独立地生活). However, he has made up his mind to study hard to 6. _______________________ (更新他的知识), participate in 7. _______________________ (一系列的活动), apply to join 8. _______________________ (各种各样的社会组织)and even serve as volunteers to 9. _______________________ (为社会做出贡献).
