Module 2 My home town and my country Unit 3 Language in use导学案

Unit 3　Language in use
语法提能导练
1. That could be harmful!
2. Betty, you must know!
3. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture.
4. Do not stand near street lights or under power lines.
语法详解
祈使句和情态动词must，can，could 表示推测
一、祈使句
祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。常见的句型如下：
类型 句型结构 例句
Do型 肯定：动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分． Stand up！
否定：Don't/Never＋动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分． Don't swim in the river.
Be型 肯定：Be＋表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分． Be careful！
否定：Don't/Never＋be＋表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分． Don't be late！
Let型 肯定：Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分． Let's go！
否定：Don't let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分．； Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分． ◇Don't let me cry! ◇Let's not play on the street.
注意：
1. 用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句末加上please，但如果在句末加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。如：Take a seat, please.
2. 祈使句中如果有呼唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，可放在句首或句末。如：Li Ming, come here.
3. 表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No＋动名词”或“No＋名词”来表示。如：◇No smoking. 禁止吸烟。◇No parking. 禁止停车。◇No photos! 禁止拍照！
二、情态动词must，can，could 表示推测
1. 情态动词can和could用于表示对现在或将来的推测，意为“会，可能”，往往用于否定句和疑问句中，用于疑问句时，can比could表示的“可能性”要大；用于否定句时，cannot (can't)表示“不可能”。could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。在以下例句中，can和could均表示可能。如：◇It could be afraid.
◇Can/Could this be true
2. 表示有把握的推测时：肯定句用must，意为“一定，准是，肯定”，通常只用于肯定句。否定句用can't，意为“不可能”。如：◇You must be tired after a day's work.
◇You can't be sleepy because you just wake up.
强化练习
一、单项填空。
( C )1. Laura is a ________ girl.
—I think so. She is only 3, but she isn't afraid of singing in public.
A. clever B. serious
C. brave D. careful
( D )2. —Whose book is this
—It ________ be Jim's. There is a name called Jim on it.
A. probably B. maybe
C. may D. must
( B )3. Look at the clouds! It ________ rain soon. Please take an umbrella with you.
A. can B. may
C. had better D. has to
( C )4. My English teacher ________ be in the classroom. I saw her in the teachers' office just now.
A. mustn't B. needn't
C. can't D. must
( B )5. ________ stand under the big tree when a heavy rain comes.
A. No B. Don't
C. Not D. /
二、句型转换。
1. Run and shout in the classroom. (改为否定句)
Don't run or shout in the classroom.
2. Speak loudly. (改为否定句)
Don't speak loudly.
3. Let's go swimming. (改为否定句)
Let's not go swimming.
4. You mustn't be late for school. (改为祈使句)
Don't be late for school.
5. Don't tell my mother the news. (改为肯定句)
Tell my mother the news.
三、小语篇选择。
Being safe in your everyday life needs knowledge.
If you cannot swim, 　1　 get into the water. Cry for help if you fall into the water. Look after yourself all the time.
Don't play with fire, because they 　2　 hurt yourself.
If you are hit by a car, remember the license plate number(车牌号). And then 　3　 the police or your parents right away.
You must lock the door inside and close the window 　4　 you are at home alone. You should put the mobile phone near you. Never 　5　 the door when you hear someone knocking at the door, because your parents have the keys and they know your phone number.
( C )1. A. not B. no
C. don't
( A )2. A. may B. must
C. need
( B )3. A. calling B. call
C. to call
( C )4. A. that B. so that
C. when
( A )5. A. open B. opening
C. to open
四、读写综合。
A. 阅读短文，回答问题。
What are you going to do if you are in a burning house Do you know how to save yourself？Please read the following passage.
Escaping(逃离) from a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways and fire escapes(太平梯), but not lifts.
From the lower floors of the buildings, escaping through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving by windows.
The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. It is about 3 metres high. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building.
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. You can call for help through the windows. Be sure to keep the door closed, or smoke and fire may come into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you can get fresh air.
On the second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof(屋顶). From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto roads might end in injury. Bushes(灌木丛) and grass can help to break a fall(减轻损失).
1. What is possible for escaping from the lower floors of the buildings
Escaping through windows is possible (from the lower floors of the buildings).
2. How tall is the second floor window
The second floor/It is about three/3 metres high. /Three/3 metres high.
3. What is also useful when we are waiting for help
Windows (are also useful when we are waiting for help).
4. Why should we keep our head low at the window
Because we can get fresh air (if we keep our head low at the window)．
5. What are the best windows for escape when we are on the second or the third floor
On the second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof. /Those that open onto a roof.
B. 书面表达。
近年来以地震为首的自然灾害不断发生，因此自救与他救意识越来越重要。为此，英语老师安排了主题延伸课，探讨如遇地震，该怎样保障自己的生命安全。请你根据自己对地震知识的了解和认知，写一篇发言稿。内容包括：
1. 地震给人们带来很多困难(毁坏房子，失去家园……)；
2. 地震发生的时候，我们应该怎么做(至少三点)。
作文要求：
1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名、地名和学生的真实姓名。
2. 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
【写作指导】
★审题定人称：第一人称　
★审题定时态：一般现在时
★审题列提纲：
★实战训练：
It's important for us to know something about saving ourselves when earthquakes happen. In recent years, earthquakes always happen. They happen suddenly and bring people much trouble. For example，they destroy the houses and people may die from them. Many people then lose their homes.
So, it?s important to know what to do in the earthquake. First, try to protect ourselves under a table or bed when we are inside. If possible, try to run out of the building quickly. Second, move away from buildings when we are outside. Third, stay away from high buildings or trees.
That's all. Thank you.