仁爱版英语八年级下册Unit 6 Topic2 -Unit8 知识点讲义+练习（无答案）

春季
能力提升班
讲义
(八下)
目 录
Unit 6 Topic 3 19
Unit 7 Topic 1 22
Unit 7 Topic 2 26
Unit 7 Topic 3 28
Unit 8 Topic 1 31
Unit 8 Topic 2 39
Unit 8 Topic 3 45
Unit 6 Topic 3 Bicycle riding is good exercise
一．重点单词
passenger 乘客 crazy 疯狂的 anywhere 任何地方
pollution 污染 advantage 优点 careless 不小心的
safety 安全 notice 注意 empty 空的
Among 在······中 France 法国 central 中心的
二．语法 知识点梳理
1）重点短语
use sth. for doing sth. 用······做某事 obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
break the traffic rules 违反交通规则 share sth. with sb. 和某人分享······
disagree with sb. 不同意 pay attention to 注意
in case of 如果 in a word 简而言之
look out 小心 empty into 流入
fine sb. for doing sth. 由于···罚某人的款 lend one’s name to sth. 以某人的名字命名
2）But now I feel a little more confident.
more confident是confident的比较级，a little… “······一点”，much…“······得多”，两者都可以放在比较级前，用来加强比较的程度。
3）If people obey the traffic rules，there will be fewer accidents.
if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时表将来。
4）It’s easy to park bikes，too.
park在此处意为“停（车），泊（车）”。park作名词时，指“公园”。
5）you must drive on the left-hand side of the road. 在左/右边，介词要用on。
on the left-hand side of the road = on the left of the road“在马路左边”
on the right-hand side of the road = on the right of the road“在马路右边”
6）pay attention to sth./sb./doing sth. “对·····注意，当心······”。to为介词，所以后面接名词或动名词等作宾语。
7）in a word“简言之”，同于in short。
8）What do people use bicycles for？
What…for 侧重提问目的，why侧重提问原因。回答What…for问句须用for短语表示目的，而回答why问句须用because表示原因。
e.g. --What did he come here for？ --He came here for his bike.
9）host作动词，意为“招待，举办”。e.g. They hosted a wonderful party.
host作名词，意为“主人，东道主”。e.g. the host country for the Olympic Games.
10）There are 21 timed stages over three weeks.
time作名词，意为“时间”；作动词，表示“记录······所需的时间，测定······的速度”。e.g. Time how long it takes me to reach the school. 而timed为过去分词，意为“计时的”。
11）They go through the Alps.
through为介词，意为“通过，经过”。不能单独使用，必须和动词连用，意思同across，但across是指从物体表面穿过。e.g. go across the road。而through是指从物体的内部穿过。e.g. The light goes through the window.
12）He can do that without winning even one of the stages.
without“没有”，其反义词为with“有，具有”，without sth./doing sth.
语法: 条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if（如果，假如），unless（除非），in case（万一），so/as long as（只要），as/so far as（就······而言），suppose（假设）等词或短语引导。条件状语从句中谓语动词常用一般现在时表将来。
e.g. If it snows tomorrow，we’ll have a day or two off.
三. 课堂练习
（一）选择填空
( )1. —The girls ____ the boys in that exciting football match. —How surprising!
A. win B. beat C. hit
( )2. If Kangkang ______ , I __________ swimming alone.
A.will come;won’t go B. won’t come; will go C. doesn’t come; will go
( )3. If I ______ free tomorrow, I ________ you with your English.
will be;will help B.am; will help C.have; will help
( )4. The bank is ______ the bookstore and the post office.
A. at the front of B. among C. between
( )5.Taiwan lies _________ the southeast of China, ________ the southeast of Jinangxi.
A. in,to B. to,to C. on,in
( )6. If there ____ no buying and selling of animals, there ____ no killing in nature.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. is; will be
( )7. Mum says ____ I do my homework now, I can watch TV for an hour tonight.
A. if B. though C. because
( )8. When you visit a museum, you should ____ the instructions(指示) and don’t be against them.
A. compare with B. look forward to C. pay attention to
( )9 Beijing is famous _______its places of interest.
A.for B.as C.to
( )10. We went ____ the forests and arrived at a small village.
A. through B. across C. over
( )11. When you drive round a corner, you should_________.
A. slow down B. get down C. take down
( )12. If she ________ the early bus tomorrow, she _________ here on time..
A. will catch;will arrive B. will catch;arrives C. catches;will arrive
( )13. Jim is a little _________ than Tom.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest
( )14.Miss Chen warns us _________ loudly in class
A. not speak B. not to speak C. don’t speak
( )15.The car avoided _________ the tree.
hit B.hitting C.to hit
Unit 7 Topic 1 We are preparing for a food festival.
重点单词
task任务，工作 touch触，碰，触觉 success成功，胜利
imagine想象，设想 soup汤 cookie 曲奇饼干
pancake薄煎饼 set放，置 blind 瞎的，失明的
二．语法 知识点梳理
重点短语
1. know about了解 2. have a food festival举办美食节
3. raise money 筹钱 4. turn to sb. 求助于，求教于
5. get in touch with 与…取得联系 6.get sth about sb. 获得关于某人的信息
7.try one’s best to do sth.尽最大努力做某事 8.think about 思考，思索
9.have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食 10.what's more 而且，更重要的是
11.make a poster 制作海报 12.change one’s life 改变某人的生活
13.child workers 童工 14.make a change 做出改变
15.work for 争取，力争 16.make one’s dream come true 实现某人的梦想
重点句型
1.Do you know about Daniel Igali 你知道丹尼尔·艾格雷吗？
know about“了解”，know a lot about…“对某事了解很深”，know a little about…“对某事或某人了解一些”，e.g.：I used to know a little about painting.
2.Then shall we have a food festival and raise money to give to Free the Children
have a food festival 举办美食节 raise money 筹钱
3. Let’s try our best to make it a success.
①try one’s best=do one’s best尽力，努力
②make sb./sth. a success 使……获得成功
e.g.：We should try our best to raise money.
4. That’s good enough.
enough 作副词修饰形容词/副词，意为“足够地，十分地”；放在被修饰词之后。
e.g：He is old enough to go to school.
enough 修饰名词时，可放在名词前或名词后。
e.g. They have enough time to travel all over the world.=They have time enough to travel all over the world.
5.May I invite you to our food festival
表示邀请对方参加活动的疑问句，invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
e.g.：Tom invited me to see a movie yesterday.
6. He knew children should go to school instead of working in factories all day.
instead of sth./doing sth. 意为“代替，而不是”，如果后面加动词用ing形式。
e.g.：He should do his homework instead of playing games.
7.We students will cook many delicious international foods and sell them in order to raise money for a village school in Kenya.
in order to do sth. 意为“为了...”相当于“in order that +从句”。
e.g.：He studies hard in order to pass the exam.=He studies hard in order that he can pass the exam.
语法
1.宾语从句（Ⅰ）
宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子来充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就被称为宾语从句。宾语从句可以由连接词that, whether, if, 代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。现先着重介绍连词that引导的宾语从句。下面就举例说明：
I think (that) he will be all right in a few days. 我想他在几天内就会好起来。
I’m afraid (that) you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。
I don’t think (that) you are right. 我认为你不对。
以上例句都是由that引导的陈述句，that可以省略，画线的句子都是宾语从句。
学习宾语从句应注意几点：
(1).引导词 (2).时态（时态一致） (3).语序（陈述）
2. 征求对方意见或提建议的句型。
提建议、征询对方意见的四种表达方式：
(1) Shall I (we) … 常用在提供帮助，提出建议，要求给以指示和征求意见，常译为我（们）…，好吗？
如：Shall I (we) open the window 我（们）把窗户打开，好吗？
(2) May I…… 常用在征求对方意见的句子中，常译为“我可以……吗？”
如：May I invite you to organize the Food Festival with me 我可以邀请你和我一起组织这次美食节吗？
(3) Will you … 常用于请求对方完成某一动作，同时征求对方意见，常译为“请你…好吗？”
如：Will you please call me this evening 请你今晚打电话给我好吗？
(4) Would you like to… Would like to do sth. 想要做某事。
如：Would you like to eat one more moon cake 你想再来一块月饼吗？
三. 课堂练习：
（一）单项选择：
( )1. My uncle’s family is very poor, so he ____ work hard to make more money.
A. need to B. needs C. needs to D. needed to
( )2.If you have any question,you can _________ our teacher..
A. turn on B. turn to C. ask for D. look for
( )3. —____ lovely day! Let’s go for a picnic, shall we
—Good idea!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
( )4. —Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in the next match
—Yes. They have better players. And I ____ to watch the match next Sunday.
A. hope B. prefer C. wish D. think
( )5. All the students do their homework _________.
enough careful B. careful enough
C. enough carefully D. carefully enough
( )6. My home is near to my workplace.So I can walk to work ________ going by car.
A. about B. by C. instead D. instead of
( )7. Our English teacher is often pleased ____ what we do in class.
A. as B. that C. to D. with
( )8. —I lost my MP3 on my way to school this morning.
—____ You must be careful next time.
A. Take care! B. Excuse me!
C. It’s a great pity! D. You’re welcome!
( )9. I think ________ Mr Green comes from France.
A. this B. that C. it D. it’s
( )10. —Shall we invite our English teacher to the food festival
—That’s a good idea! But I ____ think she ____ come.
A. don’t; will B. /; won’t C. won’t; will D. do; won’t
Unit 7 Topic 2 Cooking is fun
一．重点词汇
bowl碗，盒 quick 快的，迅速的 pear梨 polite有礼貌的， fork 叉，餐叉 dish菜肴，碟，盘 spoon匙 ，汤匙 chopstick筷子 finger手指 southern南方的 pick 摘；拾起，挑选
二．语法 知识点梳理
重点短语
1.try to do. 试着做… 2.be proud of. 以…为傲
3.for a few minutes 过了一会儿 4.do sth. for the first time 第一次做某事
5.table manners 餐桌礼仪 6.at the table 坐在桌子旁边
7.start with 以……开始 8. eat up吃光
9.drink to sb. 为……干杯（祝酒） 10.take a little 喝一小口
11. remember not to do sth. 记得不要做某事 12.point to/at 指着
13.pick up 拾起，抓 14.finish doing sth. 做完某事
重点句型
1.After that, fill bowls 70%—80% full with bone soup slowly.
fill …with“用……装满”,fill用作动词，
be filled with=be full of译为“充满，装满”
e.g.：Fill the glass with water.往杯子里注满水。（强调动作）
The glass is filled with water.= The glass is full of water.杯子里装满了水。（强调状态）
2. The dinner always starts with a small dish.
begin/start with 以……开始，end with:以…结束
e.g.：Let’s start our class with Unit 1.
3. Remember not to drink too much.
too much 是用来修饰不可数名词，too many是修饰可数名词，意为“太多的...”；
而much too是修饰形容词和副词。too much 还用来修饰动词，放在动词后。意为“太...”。
e.g.：
too much water太多的水
too many trees太多的树木
much too tired太累了
e.g.：Never drink too much during a dinner.
语法
宾语从句（Ⅱ）
宾语从句的第二种类型由if或whether连接词引导，表示对从句的内容不大确定或不知晓的意思。语序要用陈述句语序，意思是：“是否”“是不是”。如：
I don’t know if/whether it is fine tomorrow. (语序必须是陈述句的)
I don’t know if/whether he’ll come.
Δ注：当宾语从句后面有or not时，一般用whether,不用if。
Do you know whether he’ll come or not
三. 课堂练习
（一）单项选择
( )1. —Shall we go and enjoy the teachers’ dancing show
—OK, it _____ good.
A. sounds B. tastes C. looks
( )2. Lily feels very excited _____they will have a trip to Mount Wuyi this Sunday.
A. even though B. because C. because of
( )3. —Why are you angry with your boss
—Because he often_ ____us _____long time but doesn’t pay us more.
A. make ; to work B. makes; work C. makes; to work
( )4. —I’m really nervous about the coming English exam.
—_____and relax.
A. Cheers B. Cheer on C. Calm down
( )5. Diaoyu Island(岛) lies _____the northeast of China and Fujian is ____the east of Jiangxi.
A. in; on B. on; in C. in; in
( )6. —Jim,please help_____to some bread. —Thanks.
A. himself B.yourself C.yourselves
( )7. —Would you like to ride bicycles with us tomorrow —Yes, I’ll go_____ I’m free.
A. because B. when C. if
( )8. The man was so funny that Amy couldn’t help_____.
A. laughs B. laughing C. to laugh
( )9. —I’m going to visit Xiamen tomorrow. —_____.
A. You’re quite right B. Have a good trip C. That’s a good idea
( )10. —How much did he _____for the book —26 yuan.
A. take B. pay C. spend
( )11.I am not sure ______ I can dance well.
A.that B.if C.what
( )12. She’s not sure _______ she will go home or not.
A.if B.whether C.that
( )13.______ he will come or not isn’t important.
A.Why B.If C.Whether
（二）完形填空
More and more people like traveling for their holidays. Some people like 1 , so they like to visit some old places. Some people like to breathe (呼吸)fresh air, so they like to go 2 . Some people like sea or swimming, so they like to go to the 3 . In many countries, the travel agency (旅行社) can help you 4 your holidays. You can 5 the travel agent (代理人)what kind of holidays you like, 6 you want to go best, and how much money you are going to 7 . Then the travel agent will give you some 8 about where to go, how to get there, where to live and what kind of activities you can do there. So there are many different kinds of 9 . For example, one of the holidays is called “Package Holiday”. That is, you just pay the money, and the travel agent will plan 10 for you: the ticket for the train, bus or plane, the hotel, the activities and so on.
( )1. A. math B. music C. history
( )2. A. shopping B. climbing C. skating
( )3. A. seaside B. rivers C. lakes
( )4. A. order B. book C. plan
( )5. A. say B. ask C. tell
( )6. A. where B. when C. how
( )7. A. take B. spend C. have
( )8. A. message B. suggestions C. information
( )9. A. jobs B. places C. holidays
( )10. A. nothing B. everything C. vehicles
Unit7 Topic 3 Welcome to our food festival!
一．重点单词
lady 女士，夫人 gentleman 绅士，先生 sale出售，卖
guest 客人，宾客 menu 菜单 bill 账单，钞票，纸币
corn 谷物，谷粒 salad 蔬菜沙拉 lemon 柠檬
二．语法 知识点梳理
1.take one’s order 为某人点餐 2.have the bill 结账
3.order a meal 订餐 4. go well 进展顺利
5. send... to… 把…寄给 6. be worth doing… 值得做……
7. too much 太多 8.too little 太少
9.not only…but also…. 不但…而且… 10.in short 总之
11.It’s said that…. 据说
重点句型
1.Enjoy yourselves!
enjoy oneself 相当于have a good /great/wonderful time
e.g.：We enjoyed ourselves at the food festival.
2.Anything else 还要别的吗？
else译为“别的”“其他的”常修饰疑问词，不定代词并放在所修饰词的后面。
e.g.：what else, who else, nobody else, something else等。
other也表示“别的”“其他的”，但它修饰名词。
e.g.：some other people其他的一些人，
3.The Beijing roast duck smells nice and tastes nice.
这里smell和taste都是系动词，后面加上形容词nice表语，构成系表结构
“系动词+adj.”构成系表结构，这类动词还有look, feel, sound, seem, get, turn, become, grow, make, keep等。
e.g.: In spring, the trees and flowers turn green.
4. In short, we should not only eat enough, good and healthy food but also eat regularly.
not only…but also…不但…而且…，这种结构属于“对称”的句型，要求only和also尽量用同样的词语，e.g.：She not only reads English ,but also speaks French.
语法
副词的比较级和最高级的构成：
（1）规则副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则。如下表：
单音节词或少数双音节词 构成规则 一般在词尾加–er或–est 以e结尾的词加 –r或–st 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i,在加–er或–est
例词 fast faster fastest late later latest early earlier earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词 构成规则 在词前加more或most
例词 slowly more slowly most slowly carefully more carefully most carefully
少数不规则副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式如下表：
原级 well badly little much far
比较级 better worse less more farther/further
最高级 best worst least most farthest/furthest
（2） 副词比较等级的用法
a. 同级比较：表示两者在某一方面相同时，用“as+副词原形+as”的句式；
但表示前者不如后者时，用“not so(as)+副词原形+as”的句式。
e.g.：The boys are listening as carefully as the girls.
He didn’t dance so(as) well as Jim.
b.比较级：表示一方程度比另一方更高时，用“副词比较级+than”的句式。副词比较级前常用much., a little, a lot, even表示“更……”，这也可以作为判断比较级的依据。
e.g.： I sing better than she.
My brother did homework much more carefully than I.
c.最高级：表示三个或三个以上的人或物的比较时，用副词最高级。
结构为“the+副词最高级+比较范围。”其中的the常省去，比较范围常用of或in…语。
e.g.： Maria speaks English (the) best in our class.
He studies (the) hardest of the three boys.
三. 课堂练习：
（一）单项选择
( )1. Bob never does his homework _____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
( )2.Now air in our town is ____ than it used to be. Something must be done to it.
A. very good B. much better C. rather than D. even worse
( )3. I feel ____ better than yesterday.
A. more B. very C. the D.a little
( )4. China has a large population（人口） than _____ in the world.
A. all the countries B. every country C. any country D. any other countries
( )5.English is ______ of all the subjects .
A. the easiest B. easier C. easy D. easiest
( )6.The sick boy is getting _____ day by day.
A. worse B. bad C. badly D. worst
( )7.This ring looks __ and sells__.
A. well, well B. good, nice C. nice, good D. nice, well
( )8. Doctor Wang ___ heart operation
A. is interested on B. like doing C. does well in D. is good in
( )9.Usually Xiao Li spends ______ time doing homework than Xiao Chen does.
A. little B. less C. few D. fewer
( )10.___ delicious the food is!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
( )11. What animal do you like ___ I like all kinds of animals.
A. better B. best C. very D. well
( )12.Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second____ island in China.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large
( )13.If you want to book a round–trip ticket, you’ll have to pay __ $30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
( )14.A horse is __ than a dog.
A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy
( )15.Which is __ season in Beijing I think it’s spring.
A. good B. well C. best D. the best
（二）用所给词的恰当形式填空。
1.Which is ______________ (big) ,the sun, the moon or the earth
2.Which is ________________(beautiful),the black coat or the blue one
3.This cake is _______________ (cheap) of all.
4.He is ______________(strong) in the class.
5.English is ______________ (widely)spoken in the world.
Unit8 Topic 1 We will have a class fashion show
一．重点词汇：
overcoat 长大衣 shirt 衬衣 pants 裤子
raincoat 雨衣 dress 连衣裙 T-shirt T恤衫
shorts 短裤 windbreaker 风衣 medium 中号
二．语法 知识点梳理
重点词组：
a Chinese Tang costume 一件唐装 a fashion show 一次时装秀
at the school gate 在校门口 men’s wear section 男装区
sportswear section 运动装区 休闲服区 a clothing store 服装店
over there 在那边 prepare for… 为…做准备
be made of.. 由…制成（看出原料）
be made from 由…制成（看不出原料）
be made in.. 某物生产于某地 be made up of 由……组
a piece of clothing 一件衣服 depend on 取决于…
wear suits 穿西装 a formal occasion 正式场合
catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
a golden/silver necklace 一条金/银项链
different materials 不同材料 modern society 现代社会
protect… from… 保护…免受
重点句型：
1. I’d like this T-shirt and the cotton pants with two big pockets.
cotton作名词，意为“棉花”，可直接用作定语。e.g. cotton coat我们学过的表示材料一类的名词及其形容词还有:wool—woolen, wood—den, cotton—cotton, leather—leather, silk— silken / silk, plastic—plastic等。一般情况下，名词作定语侧重说明被修饰的名词的内容或性质；同根形容词作定语则常常描写被修饰的名词的特征，例如：“gold watch” 指手表含有金的性质；而 “ golden watch” 则表示手表是金色的特征，不一定含有金。
pants意为“裤子(用作复数)”，类似的词还有 clothes，people，police，trousers，gloves，jeans等。e.g. The pants are very expensive. I can’t buy them.
2.The cotton blouse is so expensive that the girl can't afford it.这个棉衬衫太贵了，因此这个女孩买不起。
afford 常接在can, could, be able to之后，意为“担负得起（……的费用，损失，后果等）。
句型：afford sth./afford to do sth.
e.g. We can't afford (to buy) a new car.
3. Could you tell me where to buy a scarf
你能告诉我在哪里能买到围巾吗？
疑问词+to do作宾语相当于宾语从句。
e.g. I don't know what to do next.=I don't know what I should do next.
4.---What size do you want
----Size M.
5.But in modern society clothes do more than just keep us warm.
但在当今社会，衣服不仅仅有保暖的作用。
more than 不仅仅
He is more than our teacher, he is our friend.
6.You are what you wear. 衣如其人。（谚语）
wear / have on / be in / put on / dress f的区别。wear / have on / be in表示状态，含“穿/戴”之意。wear指穿着的状态，例如I’m wearing blue clothe. be in+颜色/衣服，例如 She is in red / red clothe. have on指穿，戴，注意 have on没有进行时。put on强调动作，指还没穿/戴好，它的反义词是 take off。e.g. It’s cold outside, please put on more clothes. e.g. He often wears a sweater, but today he is wearing a blue jacket. e.g. Mr. Smith was in gray yesterday. e.g. He had on a red dress and white shoes.
dress作可数名词用时指“女服”，e.g. She is wearing a beautiful dress.作不可数名词时指“服装，衣服(服装的总称)”。e.g. evening dress 晚礼服还可作动词用， dress sb. / oneself “给…穿衣服”，e.g. He bathed her and dressed her in clean clothes. be dressed in+衣服或表颜色的词，e.g. She is dressed in red. 既表动作又表状态。e.g. He dressed well. = He is well dressed. 由 dress构成的短语还有：dress up化妆，dress sb.up为某人打扮，get dressed穿衣服，dress down训斥等。
7. be made of意为“用……造成”，用于原材料显而易见，直观上一般仍可看出原材料是什么。e.g. The desk is made of wood.
be made from意为“由……所做成的”，用于原材料不易看出的，失去了原有的性质。e.g. Paper is made from wood.
be made in+地点“在某地制造”。e.g. The kind of TVs are made in China.
be made into...“被制成……”。e.g. The material was made into a dress by Alice.
be made for...“为……制造”。e.g. The chair was made for the sick boy.
be made up of...“由……组成”。e.g. The country is made up of several small cities.
语法：
1.感叹句
What a nice coat! 为感叹句，感叹句的结构有 “What ( a / an ) + adj. +名词 ( +主语+谓语 )！”，注意：当名词为不可数名词时，把冠词去掉；或 “How + adj. / adv. +主语+谓语!”，这种结构当主语是名词时，主语前常有一个修饰词，如 the, my, his, this等。e.g. What a nice present it is! e.g. How careful she is!” 也可用 How +主语+谓语！e.g. How time flies! 光阴似箭！
2.结果状语从句：
结果状语从句表示主句的动作所引起的结果。
2.1由表示“如此……以致……”的“so... that...”和“such... that...”引导结果状语从句，其中的such 后接名词；so 后接形容词或副词，具体的搭配形式是：
such … that常用句型结构：
（1）such +形容词+名词复数形式+that从句；
（2）such +a/an +形容词+名词单数形式+ that从句；
（3）such +形容词+不可数名词+that从句。
so … that常用句型结构：
(1) so +形容词/副词+ that从句；
(2) so +形容词+ a/an+名词单数形式+ that从句；
(3) so +many /few/+可数名词复数形式+ that从句；
(4) so +much/little +不可数名词+ that从句
She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her.
They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
I am so sleepy that I can‘t keep my eyes open.
He has so much money that he can buy what he wanted.
There is so little water that I can't drink any more.
2.2 so that 可引导结果状语从句与目的状语从句
引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以，以致”。
引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；
例如：
He raised his voice，so that everyone heard him．
他提高了声音，结果大家都听见了。（结果状语从句）
He got up very early so that he could catch the train．
他起得很早以便能赶上火车。（目的状语从句）
3.注意：
so/such...that也可变成：... so that ...(以至于)，引导结果状语从句。例如：
1.He got up so late that he missed the bus.
He got up late so that he missed the bus.
2.She is such a good student that everyone likes her.
She is a good student so that everyone likes her.
so...that可变成：.enough to...”或“...too...to”句型
3.1.当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可用“enough to do sth.”来转换。例如：
The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box.
3.2. 当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换，但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。例如
The question is so easy that I can work it out.
The question is easy enough for me to work out.
3.3. 当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是否定句时，可以用“too...to”来替换。例如：
The girl is so young that she can't dress herself.
The girl is too young to dress herself.
3.4. 当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是否定句时，如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。
The bag is so heavy that she can't move it.
The bag is too heavy for her to move.
三. 课堂练习：
（一）单项选择
( )1. —What do you think of this coat
—It ____ soft. I like it very much.
A. touches B. is touching C. feels D. is feeling
( )2. —What’s wrong with you
—There was ____ that I couldn’t sleep well last night.
A. so many noise B. such many noise
C. so much noise D. so noise
( )3. My parents are ____ busy that they have no time to do housework.
A. so B. very C. too D. quite
( )4. —You study ____ hard ____ you’re sure to pass the exam.
—Thank you for saying so.
A. enough; to B. too; to C. so; that D. as; as
( )5. He spoke more loudly ____ the others could hear him.
A. that B. so that C. because D. in order
( )6.—What do you think of Li Ming
—He is ____ lively boy ____ we all like him.
A. such a; that B. such; that C. so a; that D. so; that
( )7. —____ going to the concert this evening
—Sounds great. Let’s go now.
A. Why not B. What about C. Shall we D. Why don’t you
( )8. Kangkang is wearing a blue T-shirt and a pair of black cotton pants. He looks ____.
A. sad B. worried C. handsome D. light
( )9. Try your best. Everyone wishes you ____.
A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
( )10. The pink dress will look more pretty ____ you.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
( )11. He got up very early this morning ____ he could get to the meeting room on time.
A. so that B. such that C. in order to D. because
( )12. He was ____ boy that he forgot to bring his Chinese books.
A. so careful B. so careless a C. so careful a D. so careless
( )13. It’s important to understand the eating differences and act politely. As the ____ goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
A. say B. says C. said D. saying
( )14. The young English teacher is very ____, so the students like making friends with her.
A. strict B. careful C. easy-going D. angry
（二）按要求改写句子，每空一词。
1. How do you like China (改为同义句)
______ do you ______ ______ China
2. She wears Size M. (对画线部分提问)
______ ______ does she wear
3. He wanted to catch the early train. He got up very early.(合成一句)
He got up very early ______ ______ he could catch the early train.
4. He arrived early so that he could get a good seat. (改为同义句)
He arrived early ______ ______ ______ get a good seat.
5. Li Ling is so young that she can’t carry the heavy box.(改为同义句)
Li Ling is ______ young _____ carry the heavy box.
6. He is too short to reach the apples on the tree.(改为同义句)
He is ______ short ______ he can’t reach the apples on the tree.
7. She worked hard so that she could pass the exam.(改为同义句)
She worked hard ______ ______ ______ pass the exam.
8. Jane is so lovely that we all like her.(改为同义句)
Jane is ______ ______ ______ girl that we all like her.
9. I can’t catch up with him because he runs too fast.(改为同义句)
He runs ______ ______ ______ I can’t catch up with him.
10. He is too young to join the army.(改为同义句)
He is not ______ ______ to join the army.
Unit 8 Topic 2 We can design our own uniforms
一.重点单词
depend 取决于 survey 调查，查看 interview 采访，面试
enter 进去，进入 knee 膝盖，膝关节 text 正文，文本
Reason 原因，理由 heat 温度，热 airport 航空站，飞机场
二．语法 知识点梳理
短语
depend on 取决于，依靠 carry out执行，开展
take off 脱下衣服，摘掉 in one’s opinion 在某人看来
as well as 除......之外；也，还
知识点
1. allow
allow是动词，意思是“允许、准许”，一般用于以下结构中。
（1）allow (doing) sth. 允许(做)某事。如：
The facts allow no other explanation. 事实不允许有其他的解释。
We don't allow smoking here. 这儿不允许抽烟．
（2）allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。如：
Her boss doesn’t allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。
The teacher allows me to go home.老师允许我回家．
3）allow sb. sth. 给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人有(拥用或带有)某物。如：He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。
We’ll allow you time to answer. 我们将给回答的时间。
I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now.
如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。
We allow passengers one item of hand luggage each.
我们允许每个乘客带一件手提行李。
2. stop sb. from doing sth
stop sb. from doing sth. 的意思是“阻止某人做某事”。类似的有keep sb. from doing sth, prevent sb. from doing sth. 都有“使某人不做某事”的含义。例如：
We must keep/ stop/ prevent them from cutting the trees. 我们必须阻止他们砍树。
You should keep/ stop/ prevent him from throwing the rubbish into the river.
你应该阻止他把垃圾倒入河中。
3. carry out
carry out 的意思是“执行、实行”。一般多指“执行任务”，“贯彻政策法令”等。
At last, they decided to carry out then plan. 最终他们决定实行这项计划。
The soldier carried out the order without any questions.
士兵们毫无疑问地执行了命令。
We all have some jobs to carry out. 我们大家有一些工作要做。
4. show
show既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，还可以用作名词，有多种含义。现将一些常见用法作以归纳。
　　show用作不及物动词，有“显现；显出；露出”等意思；用作及物动词，有以下含义：
　(1) show作 “给……看；出示；显示”讲，常构成“show sb sth” 或 “show sth to sb”结构。如：
　 　Will you please show me your photo 请把你的照片给我看看好吗？
　　 Show your tickets, please. 请出示车票。
　　值得注意的是：在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中，若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时，只能用“show it (them) to sb”结构。如：
　　 正：You have a new pen, please show it to me.
　　 误：You have a new pen, please show me it.
　　(2) show的意思为 “ 带领；引领”，习惯搭配有show sb to..., show sb around...等。如：
　　 Please show me to your school. 请带我到你们学校去。
　　 You can show your friends around his farm. 王叔叔要领我们参观他的农场。
　 （3）show的意思为“(向人)说明；表明；指示；放映；展出”等。如：
　 　 Uniforms can show good discipline. 制服能显示好的纪律。
　　 Show me the way, please. 请给我指路。
　　此外，show还可用作名词，意为“展览；陈列；演出”。如：
　 　There is going to be a fashion show in our school. 我们学校将举办一次时装展。
My favorite talk show is Tell is like it is. 我最喜欢的谈话类节目是《实话实说》。
5. enter
enter 作及物动词时，意思是“进入，参加”在表示“进入”时，enter的意思是“come into/ go into.所以enter后不用再用介词into。例如：
The train entered a tunnel. 火车驶进了隧道。
The United States did not enter the war until April 19, 1917.
美国直到一九一七年四月十九日才参战。
He entered the classroom. 他进了教室。
【拓展】enter用作不及物动词时，后接介词into，强调深入某事物，表示“仔细研究”，“参加”或“达成”等的意思。例如：
The two old men entered into a long discussion. 两位老人开始进行长时间的讨论。
5. require
require是及物动词，意思是“需求，要求”。如：
　　This job requires a clear head. 做这份工作需要有清醒的头脑。
此外，require用于“主语+ require doing sth” 表示主语 “该……了”.例如：
The floor requires washing. 地板该洗了。
The classroom requires repairing next years. 这间教室明年该修了。
6. advise
advise是动词，表示“建议”，通常为及物动词，若其后的宾语是动词，通常应是动名词，而不能是不定式。如：　
I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。
I advise starting as early as possible. 我建议尽快出发。
advise 之后不能直接跟不定式，但可接不定式的复合结构。即advise sb. to do sth.意思是“建议某人做某事”。例如：
He advised us to sell the house. 他建议我们把房子卖了。
【拓展】advice是不可数名词，如果表示 “一条建议”应该用a piece of advice。如果表示给某人一些建议，用give sb. some advice, 听从/采纳某人建议,则用follow sb’s advice.例如：
He followed his father’s advice and bought a car.
他听从他爸爸的建议，买了辆车。
The doctor gave me a piece of advice on how to keep healthy.
医生给了我一条关于如何保健的建议。
7. hide
（1）hide作及物动词，意思是“隐藏，掩蔽, 把……藏起来”。例如：
His words had a hidden meaning. 他话中有话。
Where did you hide it 你把它藏到哪里去了
Lies can not hide facts. 谎言掩盖不了事实。
“hide … from sb” 的意思是“对某人隐瞒……”。例如：
My husband never hides anything from me. 我丈夫从不对我隐瞒什么。
（2）hide作不及物动词时， 意思是“躲藏,隐藏”。例如：
I ran swiftly up the stairs and hid behind my bed.
我快速跑上楼,躲在我的床后。
The boy hides behind the door when his father comes back home.
那个小男孩在他父亲回来时躲藏在门后。
8. take off
take off的意思是“脱掉”。其反义词是put on. 例如：
You should take off your coat after you enter the room.
进屋子后你应该脱掉外套。
此外，take off还有“起飞”的含义。例如：
The airplane will take off in ten minutes.
飞机将在十分钟后起飞。
语法
Can you tell me what I should wear here “what I should wear”是由what引导的宾语从句。学习宾语从句应注意以下几点：(1)宾语从句除了由that, whether引导外，还可由疑问词(如what, when, where, how等)引导。(2)保留陈述语序。e.g. Can you tell me what I should wear here 当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以改成疑问词+不定式的结构。e.g. We want to know how we should do it. = We want to know how to do it. 但是What's the matter with sb. / What’s wrong with sb. / What happened to sb. 这几个句子本身就是陈述语序，所以在宾语从句中语序不变。e.g. I don’t know what is wrong with him. (3)宾语从句的时态。A.主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选择时态。e.g. I know we will go to Shanghai for a holiday. B.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的时态。e.g. I heard you had a bad cold yesterday. C.当主句是一般过去时，从句表示客观事实或真理的时候，从句仍用一般现在时。e.g. Our teacher told us that the moon goes around the sun.
三. 课堂练习：
（一）单项选择
( )1. On the New Year’s Day, our school will ____ beautiful uniforms for us.
A. do B. make C. wear D. put on
( )2. It’s ____ everyone should try their best to do what they are doing.
A. true what B. truely that C. true that D. truth what
( )3. He is cutting down the tree. We should do something to stop him from ____ that.
A. do B. does C. doing D. to do
( )4. Would you like to tell me when ____ for a picnic
A. you will go B. will you go C. you will come D. will you come
( )5. —Hu Ming, can you tell me ____ just now
—I said that I planned to make clothes for myself.
A. what do you say B. what do you said
C. what you say D. what you said
( )6. It’s necessary that we ____ wear sports shoes when we have P. E. classes.
A. will B. may C. should D. can
( )7. We should wear suitable clothes ____ different occasions.
A. on B. in C. at D. from
( )8. —It’s too hot in the room. You can ____ your coat.
—Thank you.
A. put on B. take out C. put down D. take off
( )9. —What does he want to know
—He wants to know ____.
A. when should they meet B. when they should meet
C. they should meet or not D. that they should meet
( )10. —Could you tell me ____ I’d like to buy one for my sister, too. —Sure.
A. where did you buy the scarf B. where you buy the scarf
C. where you bought the scarf D. where you will buy the scarf
( )11. It’s necessary for students ____ school uniforms at school during weekdays.
A. to dress B. put on C. dress in D. to wear
( )12.—What do you think she will do next —____, she will make a plan first.
In my opinion B. To my opinion
C. In my surprise D. To my surprise
( )13. —Why do you wear uniform
—Because the uniform can ____ good discipline.
A. show B. give C. see D. look for
( )14. Mr Fang’s teaching style is not ____ that of most other teachers.
A. similar to B. similar as C. the same to D. same as
( )15. You should ____ the ticket ____ the gatekeeper before you enter the theater.
A. give; from B. show; to C. show; for D. give; for
( )16. Mr. Yang as well as his family ____ trip once a year.
A. go B. goes C. are going D. will go
( )17. I don’t like the dress, ____ it looks so beautiful.
A. so B. because C. but D. though
( )18. Can you tell me ____ clothes I should wear tomorrow
A. if B. that C. what D. whether
（二）把下列各组句子分别合成含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. Could you tell me When will she come
_____________________________________________
2. Please tell them. We didn’t have a party yesterday.
_____________________________________________
3. He asked his father. Why is the earth round
_____________________________________________
4. Can you tell me Does she like wearing blue clothes
_____________________________________________
5. She asks me. What clothes are they designing
_____________________________________________
Unit 8 Topic 3 He said the fashion show was wonderful
一．重点单词：
traditional 传统的， Asian 亚洲的，亚洲人的 express 表达，表示
above 在......上面，在 list 列清单，把......列表 choice选择，挑选
二．语法 知识点梳理
重点短语
talk about 谈论… last month 上个月
shopping center购物中心 charming models 迷人的模特
beautiful clothes 漂亮的衣服 amazing show 惊人的表演
a common dress 一条普通的裙 high fashion 高级时装
a minority costume少数民族服装 as for… 至于
full of … 充满… stand for … 代表…
Chinese history 中国历史 fashion culture 时装文化
from then on 从那时起 personal style 个人风格
design… as … 按…设计… western-style suits 西服
heavy cotton jeans厚厚的棉质牛仔裤 at one time = once 曾经
become / be known to …为…所熟知
become / be known（famous） for…因…而出名
become/be know(famous) as 作为…而出名
the model in the center of the catwalk T形台中央的模特
重点句型：
1.There’s going to be another one there tomorrow.
明天在那将举行另一场时装秀。
There is going to be…是There be结构的将来时,表示某地将举行某项运动，或将有某物。如：There is going to be a football match in our school next week.=There will be a football match in our school next week.我们学校下周将有一场足球比赛。
there is/are going to be=there will be
Here come the models. 模特走过来了。
（1）英语中以here或there开头的句子要倒装，除主语是代词外，动词要放在主语之前。
如：Here comes Mary! 玛丽来了！ Here comes the bus! 车来了！
(2)主语若是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。
如：Here she comes.她来了。
Here it is.它在这儿。
The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture.
唐装代表着中国的历史和服装文化。
stand for意为“代表”，如：It stands for Olympics.它代表着奥林匹克。
It got its name when China became known to other countries during the Han and Tang Dynasties.
中国在汉、唐时期开始闻名于世，唐装也因此而得名。
（2）get one’s name得名
如：The village got its name from the lake in it.这个村庄因村内的湖泊而得名。
Chinese fashion is different from not only western fashion, but also from that in other Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.
中国时装不仅不同于西方国家，也有别于其他亚洲国家，如日本和韩国。
（1） be different from 与 ……不同
（2）not only …but also意为“不但……而且”
（3）such as例如，比如说
Today people can design the Tang costume as either formal or casual clothes.
现在人们既可以把唐装设计成正装，也可以设计成休闲装。
design… as…把…设计成…
either…or… 表示选择关系， 意为“要么…要么…”,“不是…就是…”
Today，hardly anyone wears kimonos except on special occasions like marriages and national celebrations.
如今，几乎没有人穿和服，除非在像婚礼或国家庆典这样的特殊场合。
hardly 意为“几乎不”，是表示否定的副词。
如：The old man can hardly walk. 那位老人几乎不能走路了。
except 除……之外
如：Everyone was tired except John. 除约翰之外，大家都累了。
Here come another three models, and they are all minority costumes.
另外三个模特登场了， 她们都穿着少数民族服装。
another adj. 意为“又一，再一”
其结构是: another+ 单数名词 ； another + 数词 + 复数名词 = 数词+ more + 复数名词
如：Have another cup of tea.
The meeting may last (持续) another two weeks. 会议可能再持续两周。
He wants three more candles.
语法
（一）宾语从句的时态
1.主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时，宾语从句中的时态不受影响。(主现从任)
如：I know he wants to build a new school for his poor village in Nigeria.
I believe we’ll raise a lot of money for Daniel Igali .
2.主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句则使用相应的过去时态。（主过从过）
改变方式如下：
a.一般现在时改为一般过去时：
I was sure he was in bed. (比较：I’m sure he’s in bed.)
I didn’t know where they lived .(比较: I don’t know where they live.)
b.一般将来时改为过去将来时：
I hoped I’d find a good job soon. (比较: I hope I’ll find a good job soon.) (I’d = I would)
c.现在进行时改为过去进行时：
He said he was doing his homework.（比较 He says he is doing his homework.）
3.如果宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理和客观事实，从句中动词的时态不受主句中谓语动词时态的限制。（真理不变）
如：The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
注意：
a. 若宾语从句跟在动词think, believe, suppose, expect等表示“认为；相信； 猜想； 盼望”等动词后时，对从句的否定形式要放在主句上，称“否定前移”。如：
I don't think you are right. 我认为你是不对的。
I don’t believe he can finish the work on time. 我认为他不能按时完成工作。
b. 在think , believe , imagine , suppose , guess ,hope 等动词以及 I’m afraid 等后，可用so 代替一个肯定的宾语从句， 用not 代替一个否定的宾语从句。 so或not所代替的宾语从句要根据上下文来确定。
如： ---Do you believe he will come
---I believe so. (so = he will come)
---I believe not. / I don’t believe so. (思考： so= / not= )
c. 许多带复合宾语的句子中，that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it 代替（it 作形式宾语）。
如：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone . 我们认为他对每一个人都说谎是错误的。
We thought it a pity that she missed the chance. 我们认为她错过这个机会是一个遗憾。
（二） 就近原则 ,就近原则也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上一致。
这些词组有there be ……句型, Neither……nor……, Either……or……, or , Not……but…… , Not only……but also……,
1.There be 句型
There is a book and some pencils on the desk.
=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
类似的还有here 和 This. Here is a man and woman
2.neither...nor...
Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.
Neither you nor I am wrong. = Neither I nor you are wrong.
3.either...or...
Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.
= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also...
Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.
Not only they but also I am keen on sports.
三.课堂练习：
（一）单项选择
( )1. He said he ________ that film.
A. watch B. watches C. watching D. watched
( )2.—Do you think ______ a concert in our school hall this weekend
—Yes, I think so.
A. if there will have B. if there will be
C. will there be D. will there have
( )3. —Can you tell me ________
—Yes. In twenty minutes.
A. when the meeting will end B. when will the meeting end
C. when did the meeting end D. when the meeting ended
( )4. Mr. Shi told us the sun ________ in the east and _______ in the west.
A. rose; set down B. rose; sets down
C. rises; set down D. rises; sets down
( )5.—Hurry up! _______
—I’m coming.
A. Here comes a bus. B. Comes a bus here.
C. A bus here comes. D. Here comes it.
( )6. The big tree is three hundred years old. Can it live for ________ three hundred years
A. the other B. other C. another D. others
( )7. I have many English story books to read now. I will read _________ in your home next week.
A. those B. the ones C. ones D. these ones
( )8. The weather in Beijing is different from _______ in Shanghai.
A. those B. that C. it D. /
( )9. Either you or he _________ clean the classroom. You can decide it by yourselves.
A. has to B. having to C. have to D. had to
( )10. There are five Olympic rings, and they ______ the five parts of the world.
A. stand of B. instead of C. instead for D. stand for
( )11. Our headmaster ________ the building ______ a ship. We all like reading in it.
A. designed; as B. designed; to C. regarded; as D. regarded; to
( )12.Playing too much games affected your study. Now you should make a ______ between games and study.
A. choose B. chose C. choice D. decide
( )13. —Everyone ______ Tom is here. Do you know where he is
—He told me he was in the library.
A. except B. beside C. besides D. expect
( )14. They hosted a _____ to ______ Children’s Day.
A. celebrate; celebrating B. celebration; celebrate
C. celebrating, celebrate D. celebrate; celebration
( )15. His father told him the moon _______ around the earth.
A. to go B. go C. went D. goes
( )16. I didn’t know ____.
A. when would the train arrive B. where could I get the book
C. what has been done D. who left the message
( )17.—Please tell me ____ the scarf.
—She bought it online, I guess.
A. if Alice liked B. when Alice bought
C. where Alice bought D. how much did Alice pay for
( )18. She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday. Do you know ____.
A. what was it made of B. how much did it cost
C. who buys it for her D. where she bought it
（二）按要求改写句子，每空一词。
1.“Which model do you like best ” He asked.(改为复合句）
He asked me _______ model _______ ________ best.
2. Can you give me two more hats (改为同义句）
Can you give me _________ __________ hats
3. Will it rain or not this evening I’m not sure.(改为复合句）
I’m not sure __________ _________ __________ _________ or not this evening.
4. Is there going to be a math exam on Saturday He wondered.(改为复合句）
He wondered ________ there _________ ________ ________ ________ a math exam on Saturday.