(共51张PPT)
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I？
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，与你一同进食的同伴会影响你的饮食习惯，想要减肥的人应当避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。
1．What is the recent study mainly about
A．Food safety. B．Movie viewership.
C．Consumer demand. D．Eating behavior.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食，这表明这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。
答案：D
2．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons.
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的画线词所在句可知，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people 含义相反。
答案：D
3．Why did the researchers hire the actor
A．To see how she would affect the participants.
B．To test if the participants could recognize her.
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D．To study why she could keep her weight down.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验；再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知，聘用演员参加实验旨在查看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响。
答案：A
4．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph
A．How hungry we are.
B．How slim we want to be.
C．How we perceive others.
D．How we feel about the food.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If this fellow participant ...his eating habits.”可知，我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的。
答案：C
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
细节理解题的思维建模(第1题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.______
②(一词多义)Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack._____
③(熟词生义)The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have._________________________
实施
要求
(扑克牌中)所有同花色的牌
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①contrary to
②participate in
③help oneself to
④in her natural state
⑤a large amount of
与……相反
参加
自便；随便吃
在她的自然状态下
大量的
⑥follow suit
⑦be similar to
⑧make decisions
⑨hold back a bit
⑩keep slim
跟着做
与……相似
做出决定
稍作保留
保持苗条
三、寻结构破长句
1．The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.
抓标志：连接词 ;从属连词______
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：测试表明， 。
that
when
社会环境在我们做决定时具有极大的影响
2．If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
抓标志：从属连词__________
判类型：条件状语从句＋主句＋原因状语从句
试翻译： ，我会克制一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
if; because
如果一个超重的人吃了很多
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.
赏析：作者使用了followed suit和normally准确描述了实验中共同进餐的人对对方的影响——参与者也照做了，吃了比正常情况下更多的食物。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Sundays are simple for me. I (normal)go to my grandparents' farm and feed chickens, cows and pigs.
②He has an excellent ability to convince others to .
他有很强的能力说服别人效仿。
normally
follow suit
2.(赏意境之美)If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
赏析：一位超重的人(an overweight person)，吃着大份的食物，共同进餐的人看到后会考虑自己这样做的后果。这样的画面感、代入感，使读者自然产生联想：如果一起进餐的人是自己，会不会因此而稍加控制(hold back a bit)呢？
3．(赏修辞之美)If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
赏析：作者用反问的修辞手法结束整篇文章，用否定形式反问表示肯定，只问不答，答案暗含在反问句中——想要减肥的人应当避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。态度鲜明，发人深思，增强了文章的气势和说服力。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共51张PPT)
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020·江苏高考·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度
For those who can stomach_it,_working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了早餐前锻炼比早餐后锻炼给身体带来的好处更多。
1．The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”．
A．digest the meal easily
B．manage without breakfast
C．decide wisely what to eat
D．eat whatever is offered
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段画线部分后面的内容可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益；另外，结合常识可以判断，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，因此推断该词在本句中意为“忍受”；所以画线词与B项“不吃早餐能应付”意思相近。
答案：B
2．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment
A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C．They could walk at an average speed.
D．They had slow metabolic rates.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“10 overweight and inactive but ... of those of most of us”可知，实验时选择的这十个人的生活方式代表了普通人生活方式的典型特征。
答案：A
3．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise
A．They successfully lost weight.
B．They consumed a bit more calories.
C．They burned more fat on average.
D．They displayed higher insulin levels.
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句可知，锻炼前吃早餐的人相对而言在锻炼时燃烧的卡路里稍多一些。
答案：B
4．What could be learned from the research
A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“to gain the greatest health ... eating first”可知，早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。
答案：D
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
词义猜测题的思维建模(第1题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us._____________________
②(一词多义)Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast.
_______________
③(熟词生义)On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking._______
除此以外，在其他方面
不做(应做的事等)
油腻的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①work out
②be beneficial for
③to find out
④for better and worse
⑤in theory
⑥on average
⑦depend on
⑧be associated with
锻炼
有利于
为了找到答案
不论好坏；不管怎样
理论上；按理说
平均看来，一般来说
取决于
与……有关系
三、寻结构破长句
1．Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.
抓标志：从属连词___________
判类型：主句＋时间状语从句＋比较状语从句
试翻译：最明显的是，不吃早餐的人在锻炼开始时血糖水平 。
when; than
比吃过早餐的要低
2．Many of these genes produce proteins that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health.
抓标志：并列连词(第二个) ；关系代词____
判类型：复合句(含有一个定语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句(so放句首的倒装句)
试翻译：这些基因中的多数产生 的血糖调节和胰岛素水平的蛋白质，因此与得到改善的代谢健康有关系。
and
that
可以改善整个身体
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
赏析：句子用that引导的表语从句，直接、明确地说明了研究的结果，突出了表达的重点。在从句中，动词不定式短语“to gain ... from exercise”作目的状语。
[对点练——完成句子]
①The worrying thing is .
令人担心的事情是，她如此忙，以至于经常忘记吃饭。
②And nowadays, I'm working hard .
并且现在我正努力提高我的英语口语。
that she is so busy that she often forgets to eat
to improve my spoken English
2．(赏用词之美)Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast.
赏析：作者不但用workout(锻炼)，skip breakfast等高级表达，而且还运用了completely(完全地)，long(漫长的)等副词和形容词恰当地描述了相关情景，同时借助分词短语meaning ...作状语具体描述了“在其中一项锻炼前，这些人不吃早餐”的情形。用词恰当，表意丰富清晰。
3．(赏意境之美)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us.
赏析：作者用超重、不爱运动(overweight and inactive)、身体健康(healthy)的十个人作代表，形象描述了我们大多数人无论好坏的生活状态。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共55张PPT)
1．influence vt.影响；支配 n．影响(力)；作用；控制力
[解其困]
“在……的影响下”用under the influence of ...，不要把under错用成with。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养 对应学生用书P182
2019·江苏高考·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer's (阿尔兹海默症). He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa's best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this？” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tear in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she'd love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful，” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He'd move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she'd take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn't play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower.”
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts. Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve's favorite, and most personal, songs. With Naomi's help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve's songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn't.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower.”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve's permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲因患阿尔兹海默症而逐渐失去记忆，女儿珍视父亲给她演奏过的那些陪伴她入睡的儿时音乐，为了让这温暖的“独家音乐”不失传，众人努力拯救“独家音乐”的感人故事。
1．Why did Melissa want to save her father's music
A．His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B．She wanted to please her dying old father.
C．His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D．She wanted to make her father a professional.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Melissa的父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者，是家里唯一一位音乐家，再根据第三段中的“felt it more than ...when she was young”可知，父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长，因此Melissa觉得它对于这个家庭有着特别的意义，值得被保存。
答案：C
2．After hearing Steve's playing, Naomi ________.
A．refused to make a comment on it
B．was deeply impressed by his music
C．decided to free Steve from suffering
D．regretted offering help to her friend
解析：细节理解题。根据第十段的“‘It was beautiful，’ ...‘The music was worth saving.’”可知，听完他的演奏之后，Naomi被他的音乐深深地打动了，故本题答案为B。
答案：B
3．How can the process of Steve's recording be described
A．It was slow but productive.
B．It was beneficial to his health.
C．It was tiresome for Naomi.
D．It was vital for Naomi's career.
解析：细节理解题。根据第十二段中的“Naomi and Steve met ...his place.”及第十四段中的“Working with Naomi did ...one last song.”可知，音乐的录制过程缓慢，但是有成效。
答案：A
4．Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower，” his wife Joni ________.
A．thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
B．didn't expect the damage the disease brought about
C．didn't fully realize the value of her husband's music
D．brought her husband's music career to perfection
解析：推理判断题。根据第十五段的内容以及第十六段的倒数第一、二句可知，在Steve进行音乐创作时，他泄气过，甚至说过要放弃，而他的妻子Joni仍然鼓励他和表扬他，并称这会是他的“签名之作”。Joni认为这会是她丈夫最后的创作，表明Joni之前并没有完全认识到Steve的音乐的价值。
答案：C
5．How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland
A．He felt concerned about his illness.
B．He sensed a responsibility for music.
C．He regained his faith in music.
D．He got into a state of quiet.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后两段的内容尤其是倒数第二段中的“He told his family he was at peace.”可知，在音乐会上，他心情很平静。
答案：D
6．What can be a suitable title for the passage
A．The Kindness of Friends
B．The Power of Music
C．The Making of a Musician
D．The Value of Determination
解析：标题归纳题。文章讲述了一位父亲因患阿尔兹海默症而逐渐失去记忆，为了让这温暖的“独家音乐”不失传，众人努力拯救“独家音乐”的感人故事。因此B项适合作文章的标题。
答案：B
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)He struggled to explain what he heard in his head._____
②(熟词生义)Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key.____
③(熟词生义)He knew the path his life was now taking._____
努力
调
夺走
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①suffer from
②a keen lover of
③get to know
④show willingness to
⑤take one's place
⑥do wonders for
患有
……的狂热爱好者
逐渐了解
愿意……
代替某人的位置
为……创造奇迹；对……产生奇效
⑦signature piece
⑧figure out
⑨in public
⑩have a hard time (in) doing sth.
at peace
take the stage
标志性作品
弄清，想出
公开地，当众
做某事有困难
处于平静状态
登台
三、寻结构破长句
1．Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
抓标志：从属连词_______
判类型：主句＋让步状语从句
试翻译：音乐是他真正的爱好， 。
though
尽管他从未在家庭之外表演过
2．The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting.
抓标志：并列连词(第一个) ；被省略的连接词that
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：这个任务如此难，史蒂夫既生气又沮丧，说 。
and
他要退出
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight.
赏析：句中过去分词Attached置于句首，句子采用了倒装形式，意在引起读者对附上的这段录音(关于失去和爱的录音、关于奋斗的录音)强烈的感情。有时为了强调，可将谓语部分，如现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。
[对点练——完成句子]
① was an ancient village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
② was his wife.
正站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
③ are the following questions.
下列问题要仔细考虑。
Buried in the sands
Standing beside the table
To be carefully considered
2．(赏用词之美)Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.
赏析：句中使用了save, fell asleep to (his music)，more than worthwhile等动词(短语)和形容词短语，准确生动地描述了Melissa对父亲的音乐的喜爱以及要把它保存下来的决心。
3．(赏修辞之美)The music was still in Steve Goodwin.It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
赏析：作者运用比喻的修辞手法，用rooms with doors about to be locked (一些即将上锁的房间)来描述Steve Goodwin的音乐的状态，形象地突出了挽救这位患阿尔兹海默症的老人的音乐的紧迫性。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共54张PPT)
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)．
Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.“That is only evidence that traditions once existed，” he said.
“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，” he said.
“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are，” said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2012年度建筑界的最高奖项——普利兹克奖的获得者王澍及其作品的风格和他对建筑艺术创新的体会。
1．Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are________.
A．following the latest world trend
B．getting international recognition
C．working harder than ever before
D．relying on foreign architects
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，中国49岁的建筑师王澍获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利兹克奖，说明中国的建筑设计师赢得了国际的认同和肯定。
答案：B
2．What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most
A．Its hilly environment.
B．Its large size.
C．Its unique style.
D．Its diverse functions.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.”和“The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.”可知，杭州香山学院的建筑设计风格独特，给人留下了深刻印象。
答案：C
3．What made Wang's architectural design a success
A．The mixture of different shapes.
B．The balance of East and West.
C．The use of popular techniques.
D．The harmony of old and new.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句和第六段第二句中的“Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture”可知，传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王澍建筑设计成功的秘诀。
答案：D
4．What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang
A．Spread them to the world.
B．Preserve them at museums.
C．Teach them in universities.
D．Recreate them in practice.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中“be combined with practice”和第二句中“the recreation of traditions”可知，王澍认为应该结合实践对传统进行再创新。
答案：D
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Their efforts have been proven fruitful.___________
②(一词多义)Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. _____
③(熟词生义)Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said._______
成果丰硕的
密封
空洞的
地标建筑
做出巨大努力
成为中心人物
被称为
位于
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①landmark buildings
②make great efforts
③take the center stage
④be referred to as
⑤be located at
⑥original creations
⑦show a deep understanding of
⑧have a good knowledge of
⑨tend to
⑩be combined with
原创
深刻理解
精通；通晓
倾向于；趋于
与……结合/联合
三、寻结构破长句
1．In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created ...
抓标志：关系代词 ；并列连词____
判类型：主句＋定语从句＋并列的定语从句
试翻译：事实上，传统也指 东西……
that；that
and
那些一直在发展和仍在被创造的
2．Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are ...
抓标志：连接词______
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译：许多人在谈论传统时往往不知道 ……
what
它们到底是什么
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.
赏析：rather than意为“而不是；宁可……也不愿”，是一个常用的固定结构，表示“取舍关系”，rather than之后的部分为“舍”。王澍使用rather than指出了当今时代很多中国建筑师舍弃中国传统而学习西方的风格和理论的不当做法，令人深思。
[对点练——完成句子]
①I come here to help you .
我到这里是来帮助你的，不是来伤害你的。
②We would start the work at once .
我们宁愿立即开始工作而不是把它留到第二天。
③My father would work harder .
我的父亲宁可工作更辛苦些也不愿拒绝帮助别人。
rather than to harm you
rather than leave it for the next day
rather than refuse to help others
2. (赏用词之美)Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.
赏析：句中两个短语(a deep understanding of，a good knowledge of)的运用有效地增强了表达的厚重感，deep和good两个形容词也恰当地体现了王澍的作品优于常人。巧妙运用短语、形容词和副词，可以有效增加句子的表达效果。
3．(赏修辞之美)Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28.
赏析：作者采用了比喻的修辞手法，用“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”这一熟悉的事物来说明“普利兹克建筑奖”这一生疏的事物，使读者对“普利兹克建筑奖”的重要性留下鲜明的印象，对中国建筑师王澍的成就之大有了清楚的认识。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共53张PPT)
续表
续表
financial
produced
to come
achievement
belief
actor
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：社会进步与人类文明
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land，” said Rodney C．Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population，” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现居住在东南亚的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存，进化成了更好的潜水者。
1．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1
A．Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B．New knowledge of human evolution.
C．Recent findings of human origin.
D．Significance of food selection.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they are finding examples ... thousand years”可以推断，作者举例主要是为了告诉读者人类进化的新知识。
答案：B
2．Where do the Bajau build their houses
A．In valleys. B．Near rivers.
C．On the beach. D．Off the coast.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They have traditionally lived ... in coastal waters.”可知，巴瑶族人主要居住在沿海地区。
答案：D
3．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We were so amazed ... local islanders”可知，年轻的 Jubilado 对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待更长的时间。
答案：C
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea
B．Highlanders' Survival Skills
C．Basic Methods of Genetic Research
D．The World's Best Divers
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容及第二段的研究结果“a team of researchers reported ... but to the ocean”可知，本文主要讲述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活，身体结构发生了变化，所以A项适合作本文的标题。
答案：A
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
标题归纳题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.___________
②(一词多义)On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean.
______
③(熟词生义)In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau._______
产物；结果
适应
研究生
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①billions of years ago
②look into
③adapt to
④evolve into
⑤in recent times
⑥grow up
⑦make a living
⑧natural selection
⑨act on
数十亿年前
调查；研究
适应
发展成，进化成
在当今时代
长大；成年
谋生
自然选择
对……起作用
三、寻结构破长句
1．Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation that helps them digest milk as adults.
抓标志：关系代词_____
判类型：主句＋定语从句
试翻译：东非和北欧的养牛人获得了一种 的突变。
that
帮助他们成年后消化牛奶
2．We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders ...
抓标志：连接词_____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译： 他们在水下停留的时间比我们当地的岛民长得多……
that
我们如此惊讶的是
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.
赏析：作者用一个常见句式She wondered if ... (她想弄明白是否……)描述了研究基因的Melissa Ilardo对巴瑶族人是否为了更好地生存，进化成了更好的潜水者这一现象的兴趣。if引导宾语从句，从句中的定语从句that made the task easier for them，运用了“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构。整个句子结构紧凑，表意清晰。
[对点练——完成句子]
① you'd be kind enough to give us some information.
我想知道是否你能足够友好，给我们一些信息。
②We must to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.
我们必须使公众明白应该做一些事情来制止污染。
I wonder if
make it clear
2．(赏用词之美)“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population，” said Dr. Ilardo.
赏析：句中seem(好像，似乎)表示其后内容为推断，like体现了推断的客观性；形容词perfect(完美的)修饰名词chance，表现了对这个机会的重视；动词短语act on(对……起作用)不落俗套，体现了说明的严谨性。整个句子用词恰当严谨，表意客观准确。
3．(赏意境之美)They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.
赏析：as divers描述了巴瑶族人的身份，现在分词短语spearfishing or harvesting shellfish作状语，描写了他们的生活常态。句子虽着墨不多，但却生动形象地描绘了一个不为太多人了解、可以在水下停留较长时间、用鱼叉捕鱼或收获贝类为生的族群，引发了读者丰富的想象。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（五）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共52张PPT)
续表
续表
④ , we first made a detailed plan for the activity.
由于担心可用的时间有限，我们首先制定了活动的详细计划。
⑤(2018·浙江高考写作) and ready to help others, I am eager to be taken on for this job.
由于我在志愿者工作方面有经验，且乐于助人，我渴望受雇于这份工作。
Worried about the time available
Experienced in voluntary work
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2017·浙江6月高考·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat's lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候的艺术启蒙。
1．What is the text mainly about
A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.
B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.
C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.
D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
解析：主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。
答案：C
2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest
A．The cat would be closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
解析：句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。
答案：D
3．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent
A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B．He provided him with painting materials.
C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D．He taught him how to make engravings.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章末段首句“In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，堂兄Pennington给了他很多帮助，提供了创作油画的材料。
答案：B
4．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to .
A．master the use of paints
B．appreciate landscape paintings
C．get to know other painters
D．make up his mind to be a painter
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话以及“While it is likely that ... would be an artist.”可推知，Williams给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家。
答案：D
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
句意理解题的思维建模(第2题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)The brush did not last long.
②(一词多义)Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
③(熟词生义)The cat's lot was about to improve.
④(熟词生义)While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.
持续
承认
命运；处境
入门指导
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①show one's talent for
②know about
③be made from
④come to visit
⑤be impressed with
⑥be amazed at
⑦by day
显示某人在某方面的才能
了解
由……制成
前去探望
对……印象深刻
对……感到惊讶
在白天；日间
三、寻结构破长句
1．But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.
抓标志：从属连词 ；被省略的连接词that
判类型：主句＋时间状语从句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：但 ，他并不知道画笔。
2．While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.
抓标志：从属连词 ；连接词
判类型：让步状语从句(含有一个主语从句)＋主句
试翻译： ，但它们是他对古典绘画的入门指导。
before
在一位访客告诉他需要画笔之前
while
that
虽然他可能对这些书知之甚少
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏意境之美)Before long, the cat began to look ragged. His father said that the cat must be sick.
赏析：Benjamin West为了制作画笔，剪猫的毛发，以至于父亲判断猫生了病。这两句话语言简短、用词平常，但是勾勒出的生活情景既滑稽好笑又令人对Benjamin West勤于练习的精神感到敬佩。
2．(赏修辞之美)Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.
赏析：本句使用了暗喻的修辞手法，把那两本书比作companion(伙伴，同伴)，生动形象地表达了这两本书在Benjamin West内心的重要地位。
[对点练——完成句子]
①The Children were ,making preparations for the festival.
孩子们忙得像蜜蜂一样，正在为节日作准备。
② . You've got to watch him.
他就是一只狐狸。你对他可要当心点儿。
③He looked out of my book of fairytales.
他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来。
as busy as bees
He's just a fox
as if he had just stepped
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（六）”
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谢 谢 观 看
