(共52张PPT)
[解其困]
(1)range作动词时多用作不及物动词，表示在某范围内变化；山脉相连、连绵；
(2)作名词时常表示“范围；射程；山脉”。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2022·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：主要国家地理概况
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I'll miss these old boats，” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean？” I asked.
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. But that's progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.“Sydney is confused about itself，” she said.“We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving (解决)．”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country，” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。悉尼作为一座海港城市，发生着日新月异的变化，这对传统形成冲击。一些传统事物正逐渐被新兴事物所取代。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Sydney's striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney's development.
D．Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的前两句以及最后一句“But it is the harbor that makes the city.”可知，正是海港造就了悉尼。因此本段主要讲述的是海港是悉尼发展的关键。
答案：C
2．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A．He goes to work by boat.
B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well.
D．He is attached to the old ferries.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I'll miss these old boats”以及第五段中的“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot.”可知，Andrew Reynolds并不希望渡船被双体船取代，由此可知Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。
答案：D
3．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A．It is losing its traditions.
B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population.
D．It is becoming more international.
解析：观点态度题。根据第六段中的“Shirley Fitzgerald ...better at resolving.”可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，使得它正在失去原本的传统。
答案：A
4．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.”可知，一座兼具新旧的城市有其魅力。再结合倒数第二段中的“We've got a foundation ... to beat.”和最后一段中的“He is right”可推断出，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市年轻和古老可以并存。
答案：A
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
观点态度题的思维建模(第3题)
A
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)But it is the harbor that makes the city._______________
②(一词多义)Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living._____
③(熟词生义)After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.____________
④(熟词生义)We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat.
___________
使成功；使圆满
驾驶
航行；间歇
冲劲；干劲
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①in the early 1960s
②sort of
③shuttle back and forth
④shut down
⑤replace ...with ...
在20世纪60年代早期
有几分地；到某种程度
来回穿梭
关闭
用……替代……
⑥sweep aside
⑦be confused about
⑧make up one's mind
⑨ancient cultures
⑩can't help doing sth.
不予理会；堆到一边
对……感到困惑
下定决心
古代文化
禁不住做某事
三、寻结构破长句
1．After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
抓标志：并列连词_____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：第三次航行后，安德鲁关掉了引擎，我们就各奔东西了——_______
。
and
他去吃
午饭，我去探索这个城市
2．What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2 000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3 000 years, and the Chinese more still.
抓标志：连接词 ；从属连词______
判类型：主语从句＋表语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译： ，他们带来了2 000年的文化，希腊人带来了大约3 000年的文化，而中国人更多。
what; that
when
人们忘记的是，当意大利人来到澳大利亚时
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population.
赏析：宽阔的公园、美丽的海滩和文化多样化的人口，这些本来就存在的东西被一个接一个发现。作者用broad，superb，culturally diverse等形容词(短语)和one after another描绘了悉尼这座城市得天独厚的条件，让读者对这座城市有了一个形象的认知，为下文表达主题做好了铺垫。
[对点练——完成句子]
①Bill for before came across his face.
比尔在脸上露出灿烂的笑容前，呆呆地站了一会儿。
②With the development of the Chinese Internet industry, they have more access to .
随着中国互联网产业的发展，他们有更多的机会接触到多样化的国际信息和文化。
③ ,and night eventually fell.
一个又一个小时过去了，夜幕终于降临了。
stood frozen
stood frozen
a broad smile
diverse international information and culture
Hours passed one after another
2．(赏意境之美)Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
赏析：在20世纪70年代的现代化进程中，悉尼抛弃了很多过去的东西，包括许多最漂亮的建筑。用rush描述这一进程，用短语sweep aside描述悉尼对待过去的东西的做法，一座城市为了快速发展，将很多好的建筑和过往遗弃的情景扑面而至。
3．(赏修辞之美)“Sydney is confused about itself，” she said.
赏析：该句运用拟人化的修辞手法，让一座城市具备了人的情感，生动形象地写出了城市发展过程中遇到难以把握的问题。突出了说话者的情感，让读者感到所描写的情形活泼、形象。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共50张PPT)
续表
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：主要国家地理概况
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。曾在乌兹别克斯坦当过志愿者的Tom Bissell 出于对这个国家的兴趣，几年后再次回到这里，并写了一本书叙述其在该国旅行中的见闻。本文对这本书进行了简要介绍。
1．What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan
A．His friends' invitation.
B．His interest in the country.
C．His love for teaching.
D．His desire to regain health.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了那里，故B项符合题意。
答案：B
2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
解析：代词指代题。根据第一段第三句可知，Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。画线词“that”指代上文中提到的“写有关咸海消失的文章”这件事。
答案：D
3．Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan
A．Romantic. B．Eventful.
C．Pleasant. D．Dangerous.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段尤其是第一句可知，Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行途中经历了很多事情。eventful“充满大事的，多变故的”符合文意。故选B。
答案：B
4．What is the purpose of this text
A．To introduce a book.
B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer.
D．To recommend a travel destination.
解析：写作意图题。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价，即全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者推荐这本书，所以选 A 项。
答案：A
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
代词指代题的思维建模(第2题)
D
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind._____
②(熟词生义)This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society._______
③(一词多义)His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. _______
崩溃
阴暗的
脆弱的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①lose one's mind
②be attracted to
③dry up
④pick up
⑤a string of
⑥get a taste of
⑦be suspected of
失去理智
为……所吸引
干涸；枯竭
(不费力地)学会
一连串的；一系列的
亲身感受；体验
涉嫌；被怀疑有
三、寻结构破长句
1．In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
抓标志：并列连词 ；从属连词______
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个时间状语从句的省略结构)
试翻译：在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生欣赏着当地的建筑奇迹，_______________
，他体验到了警方处理毒品交易的方法。
while
when
而在前往布哈
拉的途中
2．Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
抓标志：从属连词__________
判类型：让步状语从句＋主句
试翻译： ，它的结果是对中亚最纯粹的传统的一个精细且生动的描述。
whatever
无论它是什么
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
赏析：neither ...nor ...意为“既不……也不……”。连接并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则。句子用这个并列结构强调了这本书的独特之处，加深了读者印象。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Neither the students nor the teacher (know) anything about it.
② am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
我妻子和我自己都不能说服我女儿改变主意。
knows
Neither my wife nor I myself
2. (赏用词之美)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
赏析：Bissell巧妙地(skillfully)将历史见解和文化参照(historical insights and cultural references)组织起来，从西方人的角度全面描绘了(a well-rounded picture)乌兹别克斯坦。多个形容词和副词运用巧妙，表意贴切。尤其是picture，句中采用了熟词生义——“描写”。
3．(赏意境之美)It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
赏析：在陌生的国度旅行，遇到一位可爱的24岁的翻译人员(a lovely 24-year-old translator)、房东(his hosts)、外国援助工人(a string of foreign aid workers)。作者把如此多的人物浓缩到一个句子里，让读者身临其境，感受到乌兹别克斯坦人的友好和温暖。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共64张PPT)
续表
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家人的两次开心而又惊险的露营经历。
1．A.ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
解析：根据上文中的“experiences over the past ten years”和下句中的“Once”以及第三段中的“Another time”可知，此处指我们的一些记忆。
答案：C
2．A.camped B．drove
C．walked D．cycled
解析：根据下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”中的campground可知，此处指我们在Chalk Creek岸边露营。camp意为“宿营；露营”。
答案：A
3．A.annoyed B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
解析：根据下文内容尤其是该段中的“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可推知，此处指“我”担心自己十五个月大的儿子会掉进小溪里。
答案：D
4．A.unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
解析：根据上文中的“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”和下文中的“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，为了不让孩子掉进小溪里，“我”用绳子绑住了他，绳子绑在他的腰部使他感到不舒服，所以他哭了。unhurt意为“未受伤的”；unfortunate意为“不幸的”；uncomfortable意为“感到难受的；感觉不舒服的”；unafraid意为“不害怕的”。
答案：C
5．A.due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
解析：根据上文中的“That lasted about ten minutes.”和下文中的“I just kept a close eye on him.”可推知，为了不让孩子哭，“我”不再用绳子绑住他，而是紧盯着他。due to意为“由于”；instead of意为“代替；而不是”；apart from意为“除……以外”；as for意为“至于”。
答案：B
6．A.worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
解析：根据下文中的“he didn't end up in the creek”可推知，他没有掉进小溪里，也就是说，“我”紧盯着孩子的这一做法起作用了。work意为“奏效；产生预期的结果(或作用)”；happen意为“(尤指偶然)发生”；matter意为“要紧；有重大影响”；change意为“改变”。
答案：A
7．A.signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
解析：根据上下文内容可推知，我们出发的时候，天空是晴朗的，但山里的暴风雨很快就来了。sign up意为“报名参加(课程)”；calm down意为“冷静下来”；check out意为“结账退房；查实”；head off意为“离开(某地去别处)”。
答案：D
8．A.arranged B．interrupted
C．completed D．recorded
解析：上文提到山里的暴风雨很快就来了，由此可推知，我们平静的晨间旅行被迫中断了。arrange意为“安排”；interrupt意为“使暂停；使中断”；complete意为“完成”；record意为“记录”。
答案：B
9．A.wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
解析：根据上文中的“storms move in fast”和下文中的“thunder rolled”可推知，此处指风越来越大，雷声隆隆。pick up在该句中意为“增强”。
答案：A
10．A.find B．hide
C．start D．fix
解析：根据下文中的“Nothing. He tried again.”和“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指“我”的丈夫停止钓鱼，然后去启动船的发动机。
答案：C
11．A.luck B．answer
C．wonder D．signal
解析：根据下文中的“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，“我”的丈夫第二次仍然没能成功地启动发动机，我们被困在了湖中央，也就是说，我们不走运。
答案：A
12．A.patiently B．tirelessly
C．doubtfully D．helplessly
解析：根据上文中的“storms move in fast in the mountains”和“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，暴风雨迅速降临，而我们租的船的发动机却启动不了，我们被困在湖中央。由此可推知，此处指我们无助地坐在那里。
答案：D
13．A.sorry B．brave
C．safe D．right
解析：上文提到，一位渔民(把船)停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子，把我们拖了回去。由此可推知，我们安全了。
答案：C
14．A.relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
解析：根据下文中的“wondering what camping fun and ________ we will experience next”可推知，此处指每年当“我”的丈夫把我们的野营车从车库里拖出来时，我们都充满了兴奋感。
答案：D
15．A.failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
解析：通读全文可知，我们的两次露营经历都非常有趣，但同时也是惊险的，因为在露营时会有意想不到的危险情况发生。
答案：B
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
生活常识和文化背景题的思维建模(第3题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. ______
②(熟词生义)It worked — he didn't end up in the creek.______________
③(熟词生义)The wind picked up and thunder rolled. __________
④(一词多义)My husband stopped fishing to start the motor._____
⑤(熟词生义)We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.
___________________
地点
奏效；起作用
隆隆作响
启动
不运行的，不转动的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①over the past ten years
②be worried that
③instead of
④keep a close eye on
⑤end up
在过去的十年里
担心
代替，而不是
留意
最终；结束
⑥head off
⑦pick up
⑧be stuck in
⑨pull up
⑩a sense of excitement
出发
增强
困于；陷于
停下来
兴奋感
三、寻结构破长句
1．The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip.
抓标志：从属连词 ；并列连词_________
判类型：复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译： ，天空晴朗， ，这一次很快就打断了我们平静的晨间旅行。
when
but；and
我们出发的时候
但山里的暴风雨很快就来了
2．Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and adventure we will experience next.
抓标志：从属连词 ;连接词_____
判类型：时间状语从句＋主句(其中分词短语作状语，含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：现在， ，我们都充满了兴奋感，想知道 。
when
what
每年当我的丈夫把我们的露营车从车库里拖出来时
我们接下来会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)As we all sat there helplessly, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back.
赏析：as引导的从句中副词helplessly修饰动词sat，形象地描述了作者一家虽然经过一番努力但还是无法脱身时内心无助的状态。主句中作者以并列谓语的形式用三个连续的动作叙述了一位渔民救助作者一家的过程，语言精练，画面感强。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①I was beginning to panic while I (helpless) looked on and watched the rescue boat getting stuck by breaking waves.
②Without any hesitation, I .
没有任何犹豫，我径直走向那所房子，敲了敲门。
③He .
他试了一次又一次，但还是不能让车动起来。
helplessly
headed to the house and knocked at the door
tried again and again but couldn't get the car moving
2．(赏逻辑之美)So instead of tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It worked — he didn't end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
赏析：因为孩子的哭声引起了整个营地的注意，所以作者没有再把小儿子绑起来，而是密切关注着他。小儿子最后没有掉进小溪。然而，三岁的孩子却掉进了小溪。so和however的运用使得行文流畅，逻辑清晰，增强了这一经历的滑稽效果。
3．(赏意境之美)The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip. The wind picked up and thunder rolled.
赏析：出发的时候，天空很晴朗，但山里的暴风雨说来就来，很快就打断了我们平静的晨间旅行。狂风大作，雷声隆隆。这一环境描写中，作者用两句话形象地描绘了天气骤然变化，形势异常紧迫，需要马上采取措施的情形，给人一种身临其境的感觉。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共55张PPT)
He has made great progress and the teachers are pleased with him
The progress he has made is so great that the teachers are pleased with him
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him
So great has the progress been made by him that the the teachers are pleased
with him
Such great progress has he made that the teachers are pleased with him
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2022·全国甲卷·阅读理解B篇——对接课标主题：人与环境、人与动植物
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an“allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大拉西亚的戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉具有大约2岁孩童水平的形状识别能力。
1．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A．By following instructions.
B．By using a tool.
C．By turning the box around.
D．By removing the lid.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“... the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.”和第二段中“In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job ...”可知，戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉能拿到盒子里的坚果是因为它们使用了工具。
答案：B
2．Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A．Using a key to unlock a door.
B．Telling parrots from other birds.
C．Putting a ball into a round hole.
D．Grouping toys of different shapes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age ...”可知，人类幼儿在一岁时能做到将一个圆形物体放进圆孔中。C项为原文的同义改写。
答案：C
3．What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A．How far they are able to see.
B．How they track moving objects.
C．Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D．Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，研究人员下一步将尝试并设法弄明白凤头鹦鹉究竟是只能依靠视觉线索还是也可以利用触觉来选择形状。
答案：D
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers
D．Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的“Goffin's cockatoos ... have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.”可推知，本文主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉能识别形状这一研究发现。D项“凤头鹦鹉：熟练的形状分类者”最适合作本文的标题。
答案：D
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
标题归纳题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage._____
②(一词多义)In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it._____
③(熟词生义)The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from.
_____________________
饲养
交给
具有(或呈)……形状的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①be native to
②skilful at tool use
③let out
④in most cases
⑤be similar to
⑥work out
⑦rely on
⑧a sense of touch
原产自……
熟练使用工具
放出；泄露
在大多数情况下
与……相似
解决；计算出
依靠，依赖
触觉
三、寻结构破长句
1．In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical shapes.
抓标志：并列连词 ；从属连词_______
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：对于人类来说，婴儿在一岁左右就能把圆形物体放进圆洞里， ________________________________________________________。
but
before
但他们要想把不那么对称的形状放进圆洞里还需要一年的时间
2．The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
抓标志：插入语 ；从属连词________
判类型：主句＋分割结构＋宾语从句
试翻译：根据研究人员的说法，下一步是试图弄清楚凤头鹦鹉 _____________
。
according to the researchers
whether
是完全依靠视
觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.
赏析：该句中作者两次使用状语从句的省略，客观严谨地说明了戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉能够使用工具的研究范围——仅限于笼养的情况下。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①While (read), I got the sense that it must have been really tough for my dad to settle down in a new country at an early age.
②I always think of the crab whenever . (省略句)
每当遇到困难时，我总是想起那只螃蟹。
reading
faced with difficulties
2．(赏用词之美)This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
赏析：句中do和indeed对“戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在空间中移动物体时，拥有一个非中心的参照系”这一事实进行了强调，随即用“similar to”说明了它们的这种能力“类似于两岁的婴儿”，生动形象，通俗易懂。
3．(赏逻辑之美)The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
赏析：该句使用next和并列连词or以及副词also，说明了研究人员下一步的研究方向和目的，逻辑清晰、具体明确。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共57张PPT)
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2018·浙江高考·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steam?powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a half?dozen of them.It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。
1．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century
A．They were difficult to understand.
B．They were popular among the rich.
C．They were seen as nearly worthless.
D．They were written mostly by women.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，那时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。
答案：C
2．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性。
答案：D
3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
解析：写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。
答案：A
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第2题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy rate in England was under 50%.______________________
②(熟词生义)Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.________
③(一词多义)Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. _____
④(熟词生义)It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.______
驱动；印刷机；阶段
绝对地
大约
浪潮
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①for the most part
②look upon ...as ...
③be held up as
④moral touchstones
⑤make sense
⑥sell off
⑦get to the top
⑧put ...at the center
大多数情况下
将……看作……
被推举为
道德的试金石
有意义；讲得通
甩卖；抛售
到达顶端
将……置于核心地位
三、寻结构破长句
1．In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.
抓标志：从属连词 ; 并列连词(第三个) ；关系代词____________
判类型：时间状语从句＋主句＋定语从句＋并列的定语从句
试翻译：1870年， ，世界为他哀悼，他是世界上第一个职业作家和出版商，著名且受人爱戴，他引领了小说的出版和读者的激增，他的小说中的人物——从《雾都孤儿》到《小蒂姆》—— 。
when
and
who; whose
狄更斯去世时
被奉为道德的试金石
2．But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
抓标志：从属连词 ；连接词_____
判类型：时间状语从句＋主句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：但 ，我们有可能——这对我们自己的文化也很重要——了解他是如何让自己成为一个永恒的作家的。
as
how
随着他诞辰200周年的临近
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
赏析： 连续使用四个名词(talent, ambition, energy, luck)准确描述了狄更斯的成就绝非偶然，而是才华、抱负、精力和运气在狄更斯身上的完美结合，使得狄更斯成为如此杰出的作家。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①With a lot more (talent) students around, I have to work harder to keep up and hopefully get admitted into my dream university.
②In this way, you can keep (energy)and fit.
③The Olympic spirit inspires us .
奥林匹克精神激励着我们前进，也激励着我报效国家的雄心壮志。
talented
energetic
to move forward and my ambition to serve my country
2．(赏修辞之美)Removing him from the pantheon of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
赏析：该句使用了类比的修辞手法。把Removing him from the pantheon of English literature(把狄更斯从英国文学的名人堂除名)与the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa(卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》)进行类比，更形象地加深读者的理解，引起读者丰富的想象和强烈共鸣——今天，狄更斯在英国文学中的伟大无可挑战、文学地位不可撼动。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（五）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共56张PPT)
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2022·全国甲卷·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：自然环境、自然遗产保护
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take_the_plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go，” she says.“I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小喜欢旅游，她在自己退休并且儿子们独立发展后，去南极洲探索。这段难忘的经历让她意识到人类应该尊重自然和保护自然。
1．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things.
B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories.
D．Stick to a promise.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上一句中的“but always longed to explore further”可知，Ginni Bazlinton一直渴望探索更远的地方，这说明她想尝试有挑战性的事情。
答案：A
2．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins.
B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare.
D．A friend's invitation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego ...‘I just decided I wanted to go.’ she says.”可知，她决定要去南极洲是因为在智利，她发现她能买到驶往南极洲的最后一刻的廉价船票。
答案：C
3．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her.
B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved.
D．It needs to be fully introduced.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Ginni意识到这片珍贵的土地应该被人类尊重，即认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。
答案：C
4．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的最后一句可知，南极洲之旅是Ginni永不会忘记的旅行。
答案：B
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
主旨大意题的思维建模(第4题)
B
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. _____
②(一词多义)And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. ___
③(一词多义)In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica._____
旅游
端
上船
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①long to do sth.
②ever since
③have a deep love for
④retire from
⑤take the plunge
渴望做某事
自从
对……的深爱
从……(岗位上)退休
孤注一掷；决意冒险
⑥take a degree
⑦leave an impression on
⑧the first time
⑨rise out of the water
⑩smile at
取得学位；获取学位
给……留下印象
第一次(用作连词)
浮出水面
对……微笑
三、寻结构破长句
1．When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
抓标志：从属连词 ；被省略的连接词that
判类型：状语从句＋主句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译： ，她的儿子们最终离开家时，她决定 _______________。
When
当她从舞蹈行业退休
是时候去冒险了
2．The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
抓标志：连接词 ; 关系代词_____
判类型：主句(含有一个同位语从句)＋定语从句
试翻译：意识到 ，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni _________________。
that
that
这是一块宝贵的陆地
最深刻的感受之一
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)①After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.
赏析：句中分词短语“getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile”作状语，表结果。语言凝练，表意清晰，描述了Ginni Bazlinton丰富的人生阅历。
②And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.
赏析：句子采用了强调句型，强调了Ginni Bazlinton发现自己有机会实现南极洲之旅的愿望是在智利。强调句型这一特殊句式，具有表达说话者强烈的感情或意愿的作用，凸显了这一机会是在Ginni Bazlinton周游世界、落脚在智利教英语期间得到的，是运气和努力共同作用的结果。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
②The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _________(allow)more patients to be treated.
that
allowing
2.(赏用词之美)From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing.
赏析：作者运用了witness(当场看到，目击)，amazing(令人惊奇的)等词恰当而又充分地表达了Ginni Bazlinton对南极洲自然景观的赞叹之情。
3．(赏修辞之美)These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
赏析：本句使用了比喻的修辞手法把那群迎接来客的巴布亚企鹅比作“守门人(gatekeepers)”，既描写出了它们温和、可爱的样子，又突出了作者在文章最后所述的这是一块应该受到人类的尊重的、宝贵的陆地这一深刻感受。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（六）”
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谢 谢 观 看
