(共60张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)an alternative to ……的替代品(to是介词)
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
(2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：
can't do sth.but do sth.
can do nothing but do sth.
have no choice but to do sth.
背写作佳句 ①If you don't like the idea of keeping doing volunteer work for the whole day, here's an alternative plan.
如果你不喜欢整天做志愿者工作，这里有一个替代计划。
②Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
失败是成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。
背词条用法 (1)at one‘s command 听某人支配
have a good command of 很好地掌握；精通(尤指语言)
take command of 控制；担任……的指挥
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ... (should) do ... 命令……做……
背写作佳句 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Besides, I have such a good command of English that I can introduce Chinese culture to visitors in English.
另外，我英语掌握得如此好以至于我能用英语向游客介绍中国文化。
②As for the relative job, it is commanded that you should complete it before this weekend.
关于相关工作，要求你在周末之前完成。
背词条用法 (1)take charge of 主管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……(表示主动)
in/under the charge of sb. 由某人负责/掌管(表示被动)
free of charge＝for free 免费
(2)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控/指责某人(做)某事
背写作佳句 ①(2020·5月天津高考)Suppose you are in charge of a small society, what will you do to help your partner
假定你负责一个小社团，你会做些什么来帮助你的伙伴？
②I'll take charge of the whole work next week when the director is away.
下周主管不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
背相关短语 (1)run out of 用完(及物动词短语)
use up 用完；耗尽(及物动词短语)
give out 用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)
(2)run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追踪
run into 撞上；偶然碰见
背写作佳句 ①(2020·天津高考)We should avoid being those who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark.
我们应该避免做那些在到达半途之前而颓废的人。
②I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day.
前几天我在街上走的时候碰到了一位老朋友。
背相关短语 (1)rely on sb./sth. doing/to do sth. 指望某人/某物做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
(2)reliable information 可靠的信息
a reliable friend 一个可信赖的朋友
背写作佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷)We also rely on the ocean to provide us with food.
我们也依赖海洋为我们提供食物。
②My friend is a reliable person, and you can rely on it that he will give you a hand.
我的朋友是个可靠的人，你可以相信他会帮助你的。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养 对应学生用书P230
(2020·天津7月高考·阅读理解C篇)对接课标主题：科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全
For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let's say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming (哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on, point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights (聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有关声音技术领域的三项发明LRAD(远程定向声波发射器)，Silence Machine(静音机)和Directed sound(定向音响技术)。
1．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD
A．It causes temporary hearing loss.
B．It slows down a running man.
C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect.
D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，远程定向声波发射器会发出一种震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音让人非常痛苦，会使人暂时残疾。由此可知，这种暂时残疾就是暂时性失聪。
答案：A
2．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.
A．silence the people around you
B．remove the sound of commercials
C．block the incoming sound waves
D．stop unwanted sound from affecting you
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thanks to the Silence Machine ... comes back.”可知， Silence Machine 能避免不必要的声音影响你。
答案：D
3．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share
A．They travel in circles.
B．They clear the atmosphere.
C．They can be transformed into energy.
D．They can be directed onto a specific area.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight lights ... in one targeted area.”可知， spotsounds和spotlights的共同点是它们可以被引导到一个特定的区域。
答案：D
4．Directed sound can be used for ________.
A．creative designs of restaurant menus
B．ideal sound effects on the theater stage
C．different choices of music for businesses
D．strict control over any suspicious customer
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Restaurants can offer a choice ...they are dining.”可知，Directed sound 可以用于商业为顾客提供不同的音乐。
答案：C
5．What does the passage focus on
A．How professionals invented sound products.
B．Inventions in the field of sound technology.
C．The growing interest in the study of sound.
D．How sound engineers work in their studios.
解析：主旨大意题。作者在第一段中提出“声音技术”，并在第二、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三项发明。由此可知，文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的发明。
答案：B
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
主旨大意题的思维建模(第5题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：速读
结合主题句抓文章大意 第一段首句引入话题——sound technology; 第二、三、四段首句介绍了声音技术领域的三个发明。
第二步：确认
文章大意关键词或概括性强或情感强烈或出现频率高 文章大意关键词是sound technology 以及体现其用途的概括性的词inventions。
第三步：概括
结合行文逻辑概括全文信息得出文章大意 作者在第一段中提出“声音技术”，并在第二、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三项发明。由此可知，文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的发明。故选 。
B
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)The thief drops to the ground.______
②(一词多义)Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves.______
③(熟词生义)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining._______
摔倒
声波
使可能
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①make noise
②be used as
③get away
④switch on
⑤hunger for
⑥go crazy
⑦get rid of
⑧light up
发出噪音
被用作
逃掉；离开
打开
渴望
发疯
摆脱
点亮
三、寻结构破长句
1．In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
抓标志：并列连词 ；被省略的关系代词that/which
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(其中过去分词短语作定语；含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：在过去，音响工程师在录音棚的密室里工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以_____________
的现象为基础创造新产品。
but
我们称为声音
2．Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights are used in the theater.
抓标志：关系代词 ；被省略的关系词that/in which
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：定向声音是一项新技术，_____________________________________
。
that
它允许公司使用声音，就像在剧院使用
聚光灯一样
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.
赏析：本句中lights up和creates，使用准确，两个作宾语的名词短语的中心词(section和circle)形象且对比清晰；过去分词targeted作定语做出了明确的限定，同时又用similarly把“定向声音”和聚光灯的相似性联系起来，让读者对“定向声音”有了清晰的印象。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①(2022·全国甲卷)This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do ________(create) things.
②On November 8th, an inspiring lecture on AI and humanity was organized in the school hall, mainly (target) at students in Grade 11.
③Since ancient Chinese gold or silver ingots, they symbolize wealth.
由于饺子的形状类似于中国古代的金元宝或银元宝，所以它们象征着财富。
creative
targeted
the shape of dumplings is similar to
2．(赏意境之美)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
赏析：不仅可以选择食物，还可以选择音乐来营造自己的进餐氛围，还没有噪声的干扰。作者通过创设一种情境说明了“定向声音”在餐厅中的应用，营造了一种意境之美，启发读者去想象。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共60张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit sb. (to do) sth. 允许某人(做)某事
(2)weather/time permitting＝if weather/time permits 天气/时间允许的话
(3)ask for permission 请求许可
without permission 未经许可
背写作佳句 ①If time permits, we are going to help them do some cleaning.
→Time permitting, we are going to help them do some cleaning. (独立主格结构)
如果时间允许，我们打算帮他们打扫卫生。
②(2019·北京高考)With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth friendly.
在父亲的允许下，她花了接下来的两年时间在网上搜索并进行试验，以得到既美味又利于牙齿的食谱。
背词条用法 (1)limit ... to ... 把……限定在……范围内
(2)set a limit to sth. 对……限定范围
within the limits of 在……范围内
beyond the limit 超过限度；超越极限
(3)limitless possibility 无限的可能
背写作佳句 ①(2019·北京高考)With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
凭借她的天赋和决心，爱丽丝·穆尔似乎前途无量。
②We believe that you will go beyond the limit and go beyond yourselves.
我们相信，你们将超越极限、超越自己。
背词条用法 (1)It is/was convenient for sb.to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是方便的
sth.be convenient for/to sb. 某物对某人来说是方便的
(2)at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
for one's convenience 为了某人方便
背写作佳句 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The interview is scheduled to be held next Friday. I am wondering whether it is convenient for you.
访谈定于下周五举行。我想知道这对你是否方便。
②(2020·5月天津高考)It allows me to learn English more conveniently and more efficiently.
它让我学习英语更方便，更有效率。
背写作佳句 ① (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)It is reported that about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.
据报道大约有一半的孩子曾经玩过拼图游戏。
②Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time.
幸运的是，我适应了新的环境，一切很快就恢复了正常。
续表
背相关短语 get (sth.) across (to sb.) 将(想法、信息等)传达(给某人)；使理解
get along/on with 进展；与……相处
get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真/着手做某事
get over 克服(困难)；解决(问题)
get through 通过；完成；打通(电话)；度过，熬过(困
难时期等)
get together 聚会，相聚
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together, having a chat freely.
最好的乔迁聚会是鼓励老朋友聚一聚，无拘束地聊聊天。
②If we can get over our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
如果我们能克服现在的困难，那么一切都会好起来。
续表
[解其困]
与limit搭配中的to均为介词，后跟名词或v. ing形式作宾语。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养 对应学生用书P236
2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：社会热点问题
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国政府通过对软饮料征收糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，并将该收入用于学校的体育设施和更健康的饮食。
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health.
D．To encourage research in education.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“..., was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It ... are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.”可知，征收糖税是为了帮助减少儿童肥胖。现在的儿童和青少年因摄入的糖分过多，使得他们患病的风险更高。
答案：C
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知，在商店里销售的超过一半的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，这样他们就可以避免缴税。
答案：D
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks.
B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Coke.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.” 可知，一些高糖品牌，如经典的可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并且因害怕会使消费者不快而拒绝改变。由此可知，糖税是从经典的可口可乐征收的。
答案：D
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，今天的数字显示了糖税对体育设施和学校的健康饮食的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康且积极的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。由此可推断，采取糖税政策是一个成功的例子。
答案：B
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures._____
②(一词多义)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content._____
指控
含量
③(一词多义)Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools._____
④(熟词生义)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.___________
数字
吃；喝；饮
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①bring in
②apply to
③put sb. at a risk of
④at present
⑤as a result of
赚得
应用于
使某人处于……的风险中
目前；现在
因为；由于
⑥depend on
⑦for fear of
⑧free of
⑨of great importance
⑩play one's part
取决于
以免；唯恐
无……的
有着重要意义
起作用
三、寻结构破长句
1．It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.
抓标志：从属连词 ；并列连词___
判类型：复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：在此之前，超过一半的商店出售的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，___________。
after
so
以避免交税
2．Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
抓标志：并列连词(第二个)_____
判类型：简单句(含有动名词短语作主语)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译： ，该行业正在发挥其作用。
and
帮助下一代拥有一个健康和积极的童年是非常重要的
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
赏析：句中倍数表达法three times the recommended level of(三倍于推荐量)和分词短语作结果状语putting ... at a higher risk of(使……处于……的更高风险中)，使读者对当今儿童和青少年因摄入过多的糖分以至于面临高的患病风险这一现状产生很大的忧虑。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①It can not only help us reduce our stress level but also increase our confidence, (lead)to success in areas like school and work.
②As a rough estimate, Nigeria is the country.
粗略估计，尼日利亚是这个国家的三倍大。
leading
three times the size of
2．(赏衔接之美)Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
赏析：句中两个时间标志词initially(最初)和at present(目前)描述了糖税每年将为财政部带来的收入的预期和现状；转折副词however的使用强调了糖税的进展没有达到预期。行文自然，衔接紧密。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共55张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)vary with 随……而变化
vary from 不同于……
vary in 在……方面不同/有差异
vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等/不同
(2)a variety of ＝ varieties of 各种各样的
背写作佳句 ①The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
空气污染的成分和程度在各个地方都不尽相同。
②It's up to the teacher to provide a variety of types of input in the classroom.
教师负责在课堂上提供各种各样的信息资源。
背词条用法 (1)make requests/a request for 请求，要求……
at one's request ＝ at the request of sb. 应某人的要求
on/upon request 一经要求
(2)request sb.to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事
request that sb. (should) do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事
It is requested that ... (should) do sth. 据要求……做某事
背写作佳句 ①The teacher requested the students to be well prepared for the exam.
老师要求同学们对考试做好充分准备。
②They have made an urgent request for international aid.
他们已紧急请求国际援助。
背词条用法 (1)in favour of 支持，赞同；有利于
in sb.'s favour 有利于某人
(2)do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
背写作佳句 ①I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do me a favour/do a favour for me.
我想告诉你一些关于我暑假计划的事情，并且希望你能帮我一个忙。
②It strikes me that nobody is not in favour of the changes.
我留意到没有谁不喜欢这些改革。
背相关短语 hold on 挺住；坚持住；(打电话时)别挂断
hold on to 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold back 阻挡；拦阻；隐瞒；控制
hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；主张
背写作佳句 ①Sorry, I'm late. I get held up in a traffic jam.
抱歉，我迟到了。我被交通堵塞耽误了。
②If we believed something was true, good and beautiful, we should hold on to it.
如果我们相信某件事是真的、好的、美的，我们就应该坚持下去。
背相关短语 give back 归还；使恢复
give in (to) 屈服；让步；交上
give off 发出(光、热、气味等)；散发
give out 分发；用完；耗尽；发出
give up 放弃；认输
give way to 给……让路/让步；被……代替
背写作佳句 ①The burning plastic gives off poisonous gas, which is harmful to our health.
燃烧的塑料散发有毒气体，这对我们的健康是有害的。
②At the beginning, learning English seemed so difficult that someone wanted to give up without even trying.
一开始，学英语似乎太难了，有人甚至不想尝试就放弃了。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——征文投稿(一)
[题目要求]
(2022·全国甲卷)你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性； 2.保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1.词数100左右； 2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.
[背范文]
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans.
It goes without saying that oceans play a critical role in the world. For one thing, they provide abundant resources and food for us; for the other, they are crucial for the global climate development. Additionally, oceans are “the lungs of our planet”， providing most of the oxygen we breathe.
As high school students, it's our responsibility to protect them. First of all, do what we can to make a difference. For example, stop throwing garbage into oceans. In addition, call on people around us to take action, too. I believe we will have cleaner oceans.
比较 ①His father demands that he not go to any country __________ China, which is his motherland.
②Inner beauty takes __________ a casual glance to appreciate and it is much more important than physical beauty.
③Nowadays people take __________ half as much exercise a day as they did in the past because of widely used automobiles.
④We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style __________ in a personal one.
辨清 more than不仅仅；less than少于；other than除了……，只能；rather than而不是。
比较 ①There is no way out, so we'd better _______ a shelter for the time being.
②Things seemed better off, for the real incomes have ________ by 10% in the past year.
③What makes us more disappointed is that the typhoon ________ our visit to the island.
④Don't worry, and he has _________ the post of the society's president.
⑤Every one knows that his ___________ will guarantee the success of the meeting.
辨清 hold up阻止；put up搭起；turn up出现，露面；go up上涨；take up出任，从事，占据。
[真题再做]
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个维持远距离友谊的方法。
1．选D 根据空前的“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”可知，在繁忙的日程安排中，挤出时间来打电话可能是一项挑战。由此可推断出，空处所述应与时间有关。分析选项可知，D项“尽量找个对你们双方都合适的时间(去打电话)并坚持下去”符合此处的语境。
2．选E 根据空前一句“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”可知，要确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过你们想要多频繁地被联系，以及什么(沟通)方式对你们双方是最有效的。分析选项可知，E项“朋友们需要谈论他们更喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，且符合此处的语境。
3．选G 根据本段的小标题“Practise empathy(共情)”可知，本段主要讲述的是“践行共情”。根据空后一句“The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.”可知，G项“你可能是离开的那个朋友，也可能是那个被留下的(朋友)”与下文的语境相符且符合该段主题。
4．选A 分析文章结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处是本段的小标题。通读本段的内容可知，本段主要介绍的是，在远距离的友谊中，纪念日和生日的分量是更重的。anniversaries和birthdays对每一个人来说都是重要的日子，因此A项“记住重要的日期”最适合充当本段的小标题。
5．选F 根据空后的“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain(但远距离的友谊——即使是亲密的友谊——可能需要更加有意识的努力来维持)”可知，空处内容与后面内容之间构成转折关系。分析选项可知，F项“通过社交媒体获得联系的感觉是容易的”与上下文语境相符且符合该段主题。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
小标题的思维建模(第4题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：
通读全文理清文章层次 分析文章结构和设空处所在的位置可知， 设空处是本段的小标题。
第二步：
再读段落抓住段落主旨大意 通读本段的内容可知，本段主要介绍的是， 在远距离的友谊中，纪念日和生日的分量是更重的。
第三步：
利用关键词和句式结构锁定答案 anniversaries和birthdays对每一个人来说都是重要的日子，因此“ ” 适合作本段的小标题。故选 。
记住重要的日期
A
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.
__________
②(熟词生义)Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships._____
③(一词多义)．.., but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain._______
挤出时间
分量
亲密的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①in good health
②communicate with
③be sensitive to
④be sympathetic to
⑤feel abandoned
健康状况良好
与……沟通
对……敏感
对……同情
感觉被遗弃
⑥go a long way
⑦keep a diary
⑧keep track of
⑨seek out
⑩stick to
a sense of connectedness
leave behind
大有帮助
记日记
记录
找出
坚持
联系感
留下；遗留
三、寻结构破长句
1．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.
抓标志：被省略的连接词that；并列连词 ；连接词__________
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(其中含有两个并列的宾语从句)
试翻译：确保关于_____________________________________________________
你已经和你的朋友沟通过了。
and
how; what
你们每个人想要联系的频率，以及什么方式对你们都最合适
2．The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.
抓标志：关系代词__________
判类型：主句(含有一个定语从句)＋定语从句
试翻译： 朋友需要对那些 朋友所需要的额外时间保持敏感。
who；who
留下来的
已经离开的
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.
赏析：作者运用schedule(日程安排)，squeeze(挤时间)，challenge(挑战；难题)三个词准确描述了人们忙于日常事务顾不上跟朋友沟通的情形，呼应了本段主题，表达了“Set a regular date(设定一个固定的日期)”的必要性。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①As (schedule), the Chinese Ink Painting Exhibition will take place in the school Museum from 8：30 am to 11：30 am this Saturday.
②Only by working together can we human beings fight against uncertainty and all kinds of global (challenge) like COVID-19.
scheduled
challenges
2.(赏逻辑之美)Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain long-distance friendships.
赏析：文章第一段揭示文章主题，并由第一段第二句话引出下文的五点建议。文章结构清晰，逻辑紧密。
3．(赏衔接之美)It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media，but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.
赏析：“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain”意为“但远距离的友谊——即使是亲密的友谊——可能需要更加有意识的努力来维持”。并列连词but表明前面内容与后面内容之间的转折关系。后面的even承接上文，强调了甚至亲密的友谊也需要更加有意识的努力来维持，上下文衔接紧密。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共70张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)support sb.in sth. 在某方面支持某人
support a (one's) family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生
(2)come to one's support 来支持某人
with one's support＝with the support of sb. 在某人的支持下
in support of＝in favor of 支持；拥护
背写作佳句 ①He's looking for a new job, one where he can get more money to support his family.
他正在寻找一份新工作，一份能赚到更多钱以养家糊口的工作。
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Many students stood by the roadside in support of David's continuing the competition.
许多学生站在路边支持大卫继续比赛。
背词条用法 (1)escape (doing) sth. 逃脱/逃避(做)某事
escape from/out of ... 从……逃跑/逃走
escape sb./one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意/被某人遗忘
(2)a narrow escape 死里逃生；幸免于难
背写作佳句 ①He escaped being killed in the explosion because he had not gone to work.
他没有在爆炸中丧生，因为他没有去工作。
②To their relief, their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.
令他们宽慰的是，他们的学生侥幸从摇动的大楼中逃脱出来。
背相关短语 make a living ＝ earn one's living 谋生
earn one's own living 自食其力
earn extra money/a fortune 挣取额外收入/挣大钱
背写作佳句 ①I'm trying to persuade him to give up the attempt to earn his living/make a living by writing.
我尽力劝说他放弃通过写作谋生的想法。
②Since his parents died early, he had to earn his own living when he was a teenager.
由于父母早逝，他十几岁时不得不自食其力。
背相关短语 in power 当权；掌权
beyond one's power 不能胜任；超过了某人的能力
within/in one‘s power 有能力；力所能及
背写作佳句 ①I will do everything in/within my power to help you.
我将尽我所能帮助你。
②Not that John doesn't want to help you, but that it's beyond his power.
并不是约翰不想帮你，而是那件事超越了他的能力。
(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
本辑学点——征文投稿(二)
[题目要求]
(2022·全国乙卷)学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．学习活动状况描述； 2.简单评论； 3.你的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
There are many things we can do to learn English well.
[背范文]
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
There are many things we can do to learn English well. In order to find out the approaches to learning English beyond the classroom, we conducted a survey among students.
First, 18% of the students enjoy reading English books. Next, listening to English songs is the most popular way, accounting for 65%. After that, half of the students prefer watching English movies to practice English. What's more, 12% of the students choose to visit English-learning websites when enhancing their English skills.
In my opinion, reading books and visiting websites can enhance students' writing skills while listening to songs and watching movies are beneficial to improving their spoken English. My suggestion is that students should try multiple ways when learning English so that they can find the way which fits them most.
3．escape v．逃跑；逃避；逃脱；避开；(气体、液体等)泄漏；被忘掉 n．逃脱；逃避；解脱
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两位动物饲养员Chris和Tim为拯救濒危的白枕鹤所做出的努力。
1．A.growing B．migrating
C．competing D．disappearing
解析：根据第一段首句可知，在现代，野生动物受到了极大的威胁。每天都有物种在消失。disappear“消失”。
答案：D
2．A.ban B．save
C．split D．remove
解析：由下文提到的Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做出的努力可知，科学家们正在尽最大努力拯救白枕鹤这一物种，使其免于灭绝。save ...from“拯救……免受……”。
答案：B
3．A.abortion B．recreation
C．reproduction D．administration
解析：根据第四段中的“artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction”可知，Chris和Tim在一家动物园工作，帮助濒临灭绝的白枕鹤繁殖。reproduction“繁殖”。
答案：C
4．A.care B．eye
C．mind D．story
解析：Emma是一只雌性白枕鹤，自从2004年来到这个动物园后，就一直在他们的照顾之下。in sb.'s care“由某人照顾”。
答案：A
5．A.found B．chosen
C．raised D．seized
解析：根据空后的“by human caretakers”以及下文中的“become deeply attached to humans”可知，Emma由人类饲养员饲养。raise“饲养”。
答案：C
6．A.bonus B．consequence
C．victory D．sacrifice
解析：根据下文中的“Emma had ...become deeply attached to humans ...killing some of them”可知，这导致了一个意想不到的后果。consequence“后果”。
答案：B
7．A.never B．always
C．unluckily D．cheerfully
解析：Emma从来没有把自己当成一只鹤，它深深地依赖着人类，对人类产生了很深的感情。根据语境可知，此处用否定副词never。
答案：A
8．A.liked B．refused
C．decided D．hesitated
解析：根据上文可知，Emma对人类有很深的感情；再根据下文中的“killing some of them ...become a mother”可知，它拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，甚至因杀死一些雄鹤而出了名，这使它不可能成为一名母亲。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。
答案：B
9．A.gift B．skill
C．concern D．reputation
解析：参见上题解析。have a reputation for“有……的名声”。
答案：D
10．A.illegal B．inspiring
C．important D．impossible
解析：参见第8题解析。
答案：D
11．A.Therefore B．Moreover
C．However D．Instead
解析：然而，Chris和Tim并不想看到这一珍稀物种灭绝。根据语境可知，上下文之间是转折关系，however“然而”，符合语境。
答案：C
12．A.combination B．collection
C．strategy D．system
解析： 在Chris和Tim的耐心和努力下，他们成功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合起来。combination“结合，联合”。
答案：A
13．A.forced B．forbade
C．taught D．enabled
解析：这使得Emma生下了五只鹤宝宝。enable sb.to do sth. “使某人能做某事”，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。
答案：D
14．A.defeated B．grateful
C．assured D．tolerant
解析：Chris和Tim为他们富有成效的工作感到自豪，但在它们确定之前，他们必须付出更多的努力。assured“确定的”。
答案：C
15．A.list B．rise
C．agenda D．decline
解析：因为野生白枕鹤的数量正在下降，许多其他物种似乎正走向灭绝。on the decline“在下降”。
答案：D
16．A.In contrast B．After all
C．By the way D．On the contrary
解析：毕竟，并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。after all“毕竟”，符合语境。
答案：B
17．A.leave B．bridge
C．open D．identify
解析：我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间不断扩大的鸿沟呢？bridge the gap“消除隔阂或鸿沟”。
答案：B
18．A.course B．excuse
C．answer D．reward
解析：Chris和Tim给了我们答案，下文中的“human beings took it for granted that ...______”就是他们的答案。
答案：C
19．A.brains B．behaviors
C．services D．projects
解析：人类想当然地认为他们的大脑(brains)掌握了所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为更好的向导(guide)。
答案：A
20．A.guide B．treat
C．example D．companion
解析：参见上题解析。
答案：A
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
行文逻辑题的思维建模(第2题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：顺句意
理解基本句意 因此，科学家们正尽最大努力__________这个物种免于灭绝。
第二步：找依据
根据上下文逻辑关系找依据 设空处在首段尾句，衔接上下文。下文讲述了Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做出的努力。
第三步：会辨析
辨析选项词汇 或短语的意义，做出选择 ban“禁止”；save“拯救”； split“分裂”； remove“移除”。 故选 。
B
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was raised by human caretakers. _______
②(熟词生义)Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans._______________
③(熟词生义)How can we bridge the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals？_____
基金会
依赖的；依恋的
消除
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①in the modern age
②try one's best to do sth.
③out of existence
④lead to
⑤have a wonderful time
⑥take ... as ...
在现代
尽某人的最大努力做某事
灭绝
导致
过得愉快
把……当做……
⑦become attached to
⑧give birth to
⑨in the wild
⑩on the decline
separate ...from ...
take ... for granted
依赖/依恋……
生育；生产
在野外，野生的
在下降
把……与……分开
认为……理所当然
三、寻结构破长句
1．But before they can be assured, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.
抓标志：从属连词 ；并列连词_____
判类型：复合句(含有一个时间状语从句和一个原因状语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：但 ，还必须做出更多的努力，因为_______________
，而且许多其他物种似乎正走向灭绝。
before; because
and
在它们确定之前
野生白鹤的数量
正在下降
2．...human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
抓标志：连接词 ; 并列连词____
判类型：复合句(含有一个宾语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：…… ，他们的大脑掌握着所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为更好的向导。
that
but
人类理所当然地认为
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
赏析：but连接并列句，表转折。前面说人类想当然地认为他们的大脑掌握着所有的解决方案，然后话锋一转，强调心才是更好的向导。并列连词的运用，前后两个句子的主语their brains和their hearts的鲜明对比，有效传达了作者想要表达的重要信息。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①There are many kinds of sports, my favorite is swimming.
②I like to think that my mother — your grandmother — loved me and fought to raise me on her own, that the daily struggle was too hard.
but
but
2．(赏用词之美)But before they can be assured, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.
赏析：句子除了运用无逻辑主语的被动语态表达了努力保护野生鹤人人有责以外，还使用了on the decline (下降)和headed toward extinction (走向灭绝)等短语，语气庄重严肃，很好地突出了保护野生鹤的紧迫性。
3．(赏修辞之美)She refused to live with male cranes, and even had a reputation for killing some of them, which made it impossible for her to become a mother.
赏析：句子运用了拟人的修辞手法。用she而不是it指代这只雌性白枕鹤，使用了refused to live with, had a reputation, become a mother将一只雌性白枕鹤的在非自然环境下形成的乖戾个性描写地如同一个活生生的人，既让人感到有趣又为其状况担忧，激发了读者的共情。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共67张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)come into view 看得见；进入视野
in view 在视野范围内
(2)in view of 鉴于；考虑到
in one's view ＝ from one's point of view 在某人看来
(3)view ... as ... 把……视为……
背写作佳句 ①(2021·浙江1月高考)First, a tour of our campus is scheduled, during which you can enjoy the lovely view of the lake behind the main teaching building.
首先，安排参观我们的校园，在此期间，你们可以欣赏主教学楼后面美丽的湖景。
②(2022·全国乙卷)Half of the students view watching English movies as the most effective way to practice English.
一半的学生认为看英语电影是练习英语最有效的方法。
背相关短语 go after 追求；追逐
go against 不利于；违背；反对
go up 上升；上涨
go by 经过；(时间)流逝
go on (with) 发生；继续下去
go over 复习；重温；仔细检查
背写作佳句 ①As time went by, I realized how important it was to learn English well.
随着时间的推移，我意识到学好英语是多么重要。
②Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I went over the language points at the same time.
老师给我们选了许多重要的练习题，我同时复习了语言要点。
狭隘的；目光短浅的
1．A.ownership B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership
解析：根据空后的“was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay”可知，此处是指两只狗的陪伴使“我”不那么孤独。ownership意为“所有权；产权；物主身份”；membership意为“会员资格；成员资格”；companionship意为“陪伴；友谊”；leadership意为“领导地位”。
答案：C
2．A.reservations B．expectations
C．confidence D．prejudice
解析：结合上下文以及转折连词but可知，刚开始约会时，作者对Steve是持保留意见的。reservation意为“保留意见；疑惑”；expectation意为“预料；期望”；confidence意为“自信”；prejudice意为“偏见”。
答案：A
3．A.feared B．doubted
C．hoped D．learned
解析：根据语境可知，此处是指作者在第一次约会时得知Steve养了一只狗和一只猫。learn意为“得知”。
答案：D
4．A.unsatisfied B．amused
C．terrified D．thrilled
解析：根据上文可知，作者养了两只狗，并很享受它们的陪伴；根据下文中的“he was an animal lover”可知，Steve也是动物爱好人士。二人志趣相投，所以此处是指作者非常激动。unsatisfied意为“未处理的；未解决的；未满足的”；amused意为“逗乐的；觉得好笑的”；terrified意为“恐惧的；很害怕的”；thrilled意为“极为激动的；欣喜若狂的”。
答案：D
5．A.predicted B．worried
C．regretted D．insisted
解析：由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many，and my dogs might attack ________， the cat”可知，作者担心三只狗可能太多，而且自己的狗可能会攻击Steve的猫。predict意为“预言”；worry意为“担心”；regret意为“感到遗憾；惋惜”；insist意为“坚持”。
答案：B
6．A.Flora B．Chance
C．Molly D．Tilly
解析：根据上文中的“he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora”可知，Steve的猫的名字是Flora。
答案：A
7．A.tied B．walked
C．bathed D．fed
解析：根据语境及空后的our dogs可知，此处是指二人一起遛狗。walk dogs意为“遛狗”。
答案：B
8．A.breath B．balance
C．attention D．imagination
解析：根据上文中的“It was a hot day.”及常识可知，二人一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，因此此处是指停下来“喘口气(catch one's breath)”。
答案：A
9．A.calm B．sure
C．soon D．real
解析：根据上文中的“The next week we ________ our dogs together.”可知，这一次遛狗距离两人第一次约会仅过去一周，因此当作者以为Steve要向自己求婚时，当然会感觉双方进展过快。
答案：C
10．A.By the way B．In that case
C．By all means D．In that moment
解析：根据上文中的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.”可知，Steve单膝跪地并非要求婚，而是用手捧水给作者的狗喝。再结合第一段可知，就是在那一刻，作者被这一行为打动，开始爱上Steve。by the way意为“顺便提一下”；in that case意为“既然那样；假使那样的话”；by all means 意为“可以；当然行；没问题”；in that moment意为“在那一刻”。
答案：D
11．A.continued B．decided
C．intended D．pretended
解析：根据上文中的“I began to fall for him”可知，作者开始爱上Steve，所以此处是指二人继续约会。
答案：A
12．A.eye B．tail
C．ear D．leg
解析：根据下文中的“... I worried that Tilly ________ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.”可推断出，Tilly做的是腿部手术。
答案：D
13．A.secretly B．constantly
C．eventually D．unwillingly
解析：根据上文中的“... Tilly had an operation on her ________. I took the dogs out four times a day ...”可知，Tilly做了手术，而作者一天要带它出去四次，也就是说Tilly需要频繁地上下楼梯。secretly意为“秘密地”；constantly意为“连续不断地”；eventually意为“最终”；unwillingly意为“不情愿地”。
答案：B
14．A.left B．sold
C．suggested D．searched
解析：根据上文可知，作者的狗Tilly做了腿部手术，上下楼梯会影响伤口恢复；再根据本段最后一句“We made good housemates.”可推断出作者搬离了原住所，与Steve同住，也就是Steve推荐了自己的房子给作者。这样就避免了频繁上下楼对Tilly伤口的影响。
答案：C
15．A.late B．hard
C．fine D．free
解析：根据下文中的“The three dogs formed a pack ... Steve and I formed a good team ... We made good housemates.”可知，不仅双方的宠物和谐地生活在一起，两人还将Tilly照顾得很好，两人也成为很好的室友。由此可知，此处是指一切都好。
答案：C
16．A.emptied B．respected
C．occupied D．discovered
解析：根据第二段中的“I ______ that three dogs were perhaps too many，and my dogs might attack ________， the cat.”可知，作者曾担心三只狗可能太多了，自己的狗还可能会攻击Steve的猫；根据空前的“with coaching”可知，作者担心的情况完全没发生，二人的宠物们在训练下和谐地生活在一起。由此可知，此处是指作者的狗和Steve的狗尊重Flora的领地。
答案：B
17．A.looking B．caring
C．waiting D．calling
解析：根据上文中的“And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her ________.”可知，Tilly腿部做了手术，所以此处是指作者与Steve一起照顾它。care for意为“照顾，照料”。
答案：B
18．A.delight B．credit
C．interest D．disadvantage
解析：根据下文可知，Steve准备了戒指向作者求婚，并且作者答应了，这对她而言是值得高兴的事情。to one's delight意为“令某人高兴的是”。
答案：A
19．A.beg B．trust
C．need D．aid
解析：根据上文中的“He did not kneel (跪) down”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但Steve没有下跪，结合文末的“brought us together”可知，作者对此并不在意，即作者不需要他下跪。
答案：C
20．A.toys B．awards
C．food D．water
解析：根据第三段中的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. ________， I began to fall for him.”可知，就在Steve跪下把水给作者的狗喝的那一刻，作者开始爱上Steve。所以是“给狗水喝”的举动让二人走到了一起。
答案：D
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
习惯搭配题的思维建模(第18题)
A
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora._____
②(熟词生义)The next week we walked our dogs together._________
③(熟词生义)A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.___________
约会
遛(狗等)
拿出；掏出
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①keep sth. at bay
②an animal lover
③walk dogs
④catch one's breath
⑤get down on one knee
使某物无法近身
一位动物爱好者
遛狗
喘口气
单膝下跪
给某人提供某物
在那一刻
爱上
提出
令某人非常高兴的是
⑥offer sth. to sb.
⑦in that moment
⑧fall for
⑨bring up
⑩much to one's delight
三、寻结构破长句
1．While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack Flora, the cat.
抓标志：从属连词 ；连接词 ；并列连词____
判类型：让步状语从句(含有一个宾语从句)＋主句(含有并列的宾语从句)
试翻译： ，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，而且我的狗可能会攻击猫，弗洛拉。
while
that; that
and
虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者
2．I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly constantly climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.
抓标志：并列连词 ；连接词_____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：我每天带狗出去四次，我担心蒂莉_____________________________
。
and
that
连续不断地爬楼梯会让伤口再次
迸裂
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)He did not kneel down, nor did I need him to.
赏析：作者用nor引起部分倒装句衔接之前的否定句，结构美观，表意连贯，表达了作者对Steve的充分信任。
2．(赏用词之美)Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
赏析：作者用简短的句子，精练的语言，如companionship(陪伴)，loneliness(孤独)，keep sth. at bay(使远离)等叙述了狗对于她的重要性。使用nearly enough(几乎足够)这一表语为下文故事的发展留下了空间，做好了铺垫。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①My classmates knew each other, but they didn't know me, which added to my _________(lonely)and sadness.
②If you have teammates, focusing on the needs of others can help____________
.
如果你有队友，关注别人的需要可以让你远离恐惧。
loneliness
keep your
fears at bay
3. (赏意境之美)The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, respected Flora's space; Steve and I formed a good team caring for Tilly.
赏析：作者的狗和Steve的狗尊重Flora的领地，两人的宠物组成了一个群体，在训练下和谐地生活在一起。作者与Steve也形成了一个合作团队，一起照顾腿部做了手术的Tilly。最终这一切也使得作者和Steve走到了一起。尊重、关爱和奉献精神贯穿于整个故事，这正是促进人际关系和社会和谐的积极因素。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（五）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共52张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)calm oneself (使)自己平静下来
calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来，镇静下来
(2)keep/stay/remain calm 保持镇静
背写作佳句 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David calmed himself and started again. He used up all his power to march on.
大卫使自己冷静下来，又开始了。他用尽全力继续前进。
②Faced with the crisis, the government stayed/kept/remained calm and took timely measures.
面对危机，政府保持镇静并及时采取了措施。
背词条用法 (1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应
adapt to 适应；适合
(2)adapt ... to do ... 调整……以做……
adapt ...from ... 根据……改写/改编……
adapt ...for ... 将……改(编)为……
(3)adaptation n. 改编本；适应
背写作佳句 ①To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
对你们所有新生来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是你们必须面对的第一件事。
②Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation of the classic literature yesterday.
迈克、玛丽和我昨天讨论了改编古典文学作品的问题。
背相关短语 die off (家族、种族等)相继死去
die of ... 死于(疾病等内因)……
die from ... 死于(外因)……
be dying for 很想要；渴望
背写作佳句 ①Our planet's wildlife is dying out at an alarming rate.
我们地球上的野生动物正以惊人的速度灭绝。
②You mentioned that you would like to teach English in return, which is exactly what I am dying for.
你提到你想要教英语作为回报，这正是我渴望的。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2020·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：地球与宇宙奥秘探索
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了绿色植物对人类社会和工作效率的积极作用，同时还介绍了科学家们新开发的植物的不寻常的功能：检测地下水质和发光照明。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段第二句及下文所举的两个例子可知，第一段主要介绍了绿色植物给人们带来的益处。
答案：D
2．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A．To detect plants' lack of water.
B．To change compositions of plants.
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water”可知，A选项正确。
答案：A
3．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可推知，在未来，发光植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。
答案：C
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Can we grow more glowing plants
B．How do we live with glowing plants
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段点明了植物的积极作用；第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究；第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光；第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”；第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多，或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替路灯吗？)最能凸显本文主题。
答案：C
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
段落大意题的思维建模(第1题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：定位
扫描题干，确定题干关键信息 根据题干关键信息the first paragraph mainly about定位到第一段。
第二步：寻找
捕捉段落中的关键词和主题句 通过略读和分析段落结构和上下文的逻辑关系，可知该段第二句是段落主题句，下文围绕这一主题举了两个例子。关键词语是positive effects。
第三步：归纳
归纳本段大意，得出答案 综合以上分析，再比对选项和信息句， “benefits”是文中的“positive effects” 带来的结果。第一段主要介绍了绿色植物给人们带来的益处，故选 。
D
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day ..._____
②(一词多义)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight._____
③(一词多义)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US._____
改变
开发
消耗
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①be decorated with
②take ...a step further
③in order to
④one-thousandth of
⑤in the future
⑥be exposed to
⑦account for
⑧remove from
⑨save energy
装饰着
使得……更进一步
为了
千分之一的
将来
暴露于；接触
占(比)
从……移除
节能
三、寻结构破长句
1．These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
抓标志：关系代词 ；并列连词 ；连接词_____
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋并列的定语从句
试翻译：这些植物包括在叶子上印有传感器以显示它们何时缺水的植物，以及 。
that; that
and
when
可以检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物
2．The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
抓标志：从属连词____________
判类型：主句＋地点状语从句＋时间状语从句(省略句)
试翻译：工程师们还试图开发一种开关， 。
where; when
使光线暴露在日光下就会减弱
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
赏析：在装饰(decorated)有室内植物的工作场所里，员工们的工作是富有成效的(productive)，作者使用了具体数据(15% more)增加了这种陈述的可信度。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①Her favorite thing to draw was butterflies and her bedroom _______________
(decorate) with butterfly patterns.
②That evening, after several (product) hours of work, I could smell something cooking.
was decorated
productive
2. (赏意境之美)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
赏析：此句提到了一种想象中的开关，当遇到日光时，室内的亮度会减弱，说明了发光植物的节能作用并预测了其前景。展望未来，科技创新、探索精神是永恒的主题。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（六）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看
