(共56张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆
(2)be/get/become confused with/about 对……感到困惑
(3)in confusion 处于混乱状态；困惑地
背写作佳句 ①There is a lot of job information online, but too much of it may sometimes be confusing. 网上有很多工作信息，但太多的信息有时会让人困惑。
②I always confuse you with/and your sister — you look so alike.
我总是把你和你妹妹搞混了，你们长得太像了。
背词条用法 (1)present sb.with sth. 向某人赠送某物
present sth.to sb. 赠送某人某物
(2)be present at 出席……
(3)at present＝at the present time 目前；现在
背写作佳句 ①I am eager to read your opinion about the best present you have received or sent.
我很想听听你对你收到或送出的最好礼物的看法。
②The prizes are to be presented to the winners on June 18th from 3 pm to 5 pm.
奖品将于6月18日下午3时至5时颁发给获奖者。
背词条用法 (1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事
at one’s/the first attempt 第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事
背写作佳句 ①He is determined to pass the oral English interview at his first attempt.
他决心第一次就通过英语口语面试。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I attempt to apply to be a volunteer for the event.
得知你们要举办中国画展览，我想申请成为这次活动的志愿者。
背相关短语 make a face 做鬼脸
make a mistake 犯错误
make a rule 制定一个规则
make an apology 道歉
make an appointment 预约
背写作佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷)First of all, do what we can to make a difference.
首先，尽我们所能改变现状。
②I made a phone call to Mr Li to made an appointment with him yesterday.
昨天我给李先生打了个电话，和他预约好了。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：语言学习的规律、方法等
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and“v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关联。
1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A ground-breaking ... the world's languages.”可知，有研究表明，人类(上下齿间的)咬合变化与饮食相关，导致了新的语音出现。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi ...why this trend arose.”可以推知，Damián Blasi的研究集中在人类语音的发展。
答案：D
2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，远古成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，而唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙而发出的，因此他们难以发出唇齿音。由此可知，远古成年人很难发出唇齿音是因为他们的颌骨构造不方便发出这种音。
答案：C
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析：段落大意题。上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代农业发展水平有关。根据第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实了新石器时代之后，世界语言的语音发生了全球性的变化。因此第五段是进一步证实上文提到的研究结果——这种咬合的变化与新石器时代农业的发展水平有关。
答案：A
4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“... but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution”可知，Steven Moran说人类的语音是一个复杂的动态系统。
答案：C
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第4题)
C
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods._____
②(一词多义)Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose._____
指出
出现
③(一词多义)Food became easier to chew at this point._____
④(一词多义)This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.
_____________
⑤(熟词生义)It drives the evolution of human beings._____
阶段
(事物)存在的
推动
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①more than
②lead to
③such as
④be connected with
⑤remain stable
⑥but rather
多于；超过
导致；造成
譬如；例如
和……有关系
保持稳定
更确切地说；而是
三、寻结构破长句
1．They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.
抓标志：连接词 ；关系代词______
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(其中分词短语作状语；含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：他们发现，古代成年人的上下门牙排列整齐，很难产生唇齿音， _______________________________。
that
which
唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙形成的
2．The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution ...
抓标志：被省略的关系代词which/that；并列连词 ；关系代词_____
判类型：复合句(含有一个定语从句)＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：自从人类出现以来， 语音不一定保持稳定，更确切地说， ______________各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等复杂的相互作用的产物。
but
that
我们使用的
我们今天发现的
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds.
赏析：句中分词短语“making it easier to produce such sounds”作状语，说明了“我们更容易发出这样的声音”是“我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构”的结果。语言精练，句式高级。
[对点练——单句语法填空/翻译句子]
①Bicycles can be picked up and left anywhere, (make) them convenient for users.
②印刷术在许多年前就在中国发明了，使中国文化得以传播到世界各地。
The printing was invented in China many years ago, making it possible for the Chinese culture to be spread all over the world.
making
2．(赏用词之美)Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
赏析：confirm“证实”，用于说明研究成果，客观严谨。global “全球性的”和remarkably “显著地”描述了世界语言的发音变化的范围和“f”和“v”的使用增加的程度，使得句子有血有肉，让读者对语音发展有了深刻的了解。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①It's generally accepted that forest has the functions of cooling off __________
(globe) temperature, refreshing the air, preserving soil and water.
② (remarkable), after weeks in the hospital, the little boy survived.
global
Remarkably
3．(赏逻辑之美)Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
赏析：本段先描述大家熟悉的现象，然后使用转折连词but话音一转，对该现象提出设问，随即引入文章主题。逻辑严谨，层次分明，激发了读者的思考和想要了解这一研究的好奇心。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共59张PPT)
背词条用法 apply to 适用于(to为介词)
apply ... to ... 把……应用于……
apply to do sth. 申请去做某事
apply for 申请
apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于
背写作佳句 ①After graduation from university, I’ll apply what I have learned to everyday life. 大学毕业后，我将会把学到的东西运用到每天的生活中。
②To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是，我是从数百名申请者中挑选出来参加开幕式的。
背词条用法 (1)require sth. of sb. 向某人要求某物
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require doing/to be done 需要被做
require that sb. (should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
It’s required that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事
(2)meet/satisfy one’s requirements 满足某人的要求
背写作佳句 ①(2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)We competitors are required to recite an English poem within 3 minutes.
要求我们这些参赛者在3分钟内背诵一首英文诗。
②It's required that all the students (should) wear school uniforms at school.
学校要求所有的学生在学校穿校服。
背词条用法 (1)in demand 需求；受欢迎
meet one’s demand(s) 满足某人的需求
(2)demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求某物
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事(that从句中用虚拟语气)
背写作佳句 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)All members are demanded to take regular training on a daily basis, more exactly, from 3 pm to 5 pm every day.
所有会员都被要求每天接受定期培训，更确切地说，每天下午3点到5点。
②This is a demanding job and a small mistake can make a great difference.
这是一项要求很高的工作，一个小小的错误就可能产生很大的影响。
背相关短语 take it easy 放松点
take ...for example 以……为例
take ...seriously 认真对待……
take ...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
背写作佳句 ①Don't take it for granted that the oceans provide us with endless resources.
不要理所当然地认为海洋给我们提供无穷无尽的资源。
②(2019·北京高考)I sincerely hope that you can take my suggestions into account/consideration and I’m looking forward to your early reply.
我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议，并期待你的早日回复。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养 对应学生用书P266
2020·天津7月高考·阅读理解B篇——对接主题：未来职业发展趋势，个人职业倾向、未来规划等
“They tell me that you'd like to make a statue (塑像) of me — is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream？”
The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
“Yes, sir，” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn't have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner.”
President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors — they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I'm afraid there's not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream A bust (半身像)？”
Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. “Of course — I shouldn't have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”
Vinnie's face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I've driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay (粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！”
The President's eyes brightened at her show of spirit.“Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream，” he sighed, “I'd like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now I hardly have a minute to myself.”
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly，” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie's hand warmly, “I've heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的女孩Vinnie 给林肯总统制作全身塑像的故事。起初林肯总统对她的能力表示怀疑，但她用自己的经历和坚持不懈打动了总统，最终得到了总统的首肯。
1．What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln
A．Her aggressive personality.
B．Mr. Mills's encouraging remark.
C．President Lincoln's gentle voice.
D．Her interest in a challenging job.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wouldn't have dared to ask you ... admirable manner.”可知，是她的老师Mr. Mills鼓励的话给了Vinnie 向林肯总统提出她的请求的信心。
答案：B
2．How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request
A．Pleased. B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful. D．Doubtful.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段中林肯总统的话可推断，林肯总统起初对Vinnie 的请求是怀疑的。
答案：D
3．Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting ________.
A．her experience from other projects
B．her innocent childhood in the country
C．the heavy labor she had done before
D．the skill she picked up in Wisconsin
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I've driven teams of horses ... intend to do！”可推断， Vinnie 通过强调她以前做过的体力劳动来证实她制作全身塑像的能力。
答案：C
4．Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to ________.
A．achieve effects of natural lighting
B．keep all her tools within easy reach
C．observe the President at a right angle
D．avoid disturbing the President's work
解析：推理判断题。根据第九段中的“‘I work quickly，’ she said ... at your desk.”可推知， Vinnie 选择靠近窗户的角落是为了不打扰林肯总统的工作。
答案：D
5．What message does the story convey
A．A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B．Experience helps to promote excellence.
C．Ups and downs make one strong.
D．Devotion requires enthusiasm.
解析：推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章主要讲述Vinnie 给林肯总统制作全身塑像的故事。起初总统对她的请求表示怀疑，但她用自己坚定的意志说服林肯总统让自己为他制作塑像。由此可推断，意志坚强的人能实现目标。
答案：A
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第5题)
A
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.___________
②(一词多义)Making a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！___________
③(一词多义)Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office.____________
一点；略微
雕像，塑像
注意；留意
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①ask a favor of
②in an admirable manner
③make the best of
④defend oneself
⑤intend to do sth.
⑥in thought
⑦as well
请求……的帮助
以一种令人钦佩的方式
充分利用
自卫；为自己辩护
打算做某事
陷入沉思
同样；也；还
三、寻结构破长句
1．If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.
抓标志：从属连词________
判类型：条件状语从句＋主句＋时间状语从句
试翻译：如果 ，我可以在你工作时完成大部分工程。
if; while
我把我的粘土带到这里，每天下午工作三个小时
2．I've heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.
抓标志：连接词 ；并列连词_____
判类型：复合句(含有一个宾语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：我听说你是一个有才华的年轻女子，而且_______________________
。
that
and
我觉得你很有魅力，
也很聪明
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.
赏析：句中if条件句和主句运用了虚拟语气，结构工整。在发出请求时运用虚拟语气，会让人觉得语气委婉，易于接受。
[对点练——单句语法填空/一句多译]
①If he (come) here yesterday, he would (see) his old friend.
②If he (live) in this town, he would know the environment around the town very much.
③如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
→___________________________________________
→__________________________________________
had come
have seen
lived
If I were you, I would have attended the meeting.
Were I you, I would have attended the meeting.
2．(赏意境之美)But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought.
赏析：作者抓住人物特征进行了描写，如smile, faded, rubbed his beard, bony fingers, 寥寥数语把一个人的形象刻画得形神兼备。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共58张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)
give an account of 报告；叙述；说明
take sth. into account＝take account of sth. 对某事加以考虑
(2)account for 解释，说明；(在数量上)占……比例
背写作佳句 ①(2019·天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上绝对不能使用手机。
②(2022·全国乙卷)The students who think watching English movies can improve their English account for 50%.
认为看英语电影可以提高英语水平的学生占50%。
背词条用法 (1)tell a lie/lies 说谎
(2)lie to sb. 对某人说谎
lie in 位于
lie down 躺下
背写作佳句 ①Don't tell a lie any more, or most people will lose faith in you.
别再撒谎了，否则大多数人都会对你失去信心。
②Happiness lies in contentment.
知足常乐。
背相关短语 make up for 弥补；补偿
be made up of 由……组成
make out 辨认出，弄清；理解，填写
make sense 有意义；讲得通
make no sense 无意义；讲不通
make a difference 有影响，起(重要)作用
背写作佳句 ①Our class is made up of 50 lively boys and girls, who are warm and generous and ready to offer help.
我们班由50名活泼的男女学生组成，他们热情大方，乐于助人。
②His writing is so confusin g that it’s difficult to make out what he is trying to express.
他的作品令人费解，很难弄清楚他想表达什么。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
(2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解B篇)对接主题：小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N．Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇书评。文章介绍了Dorothy Wickenden写的一部书的主要内容：两个富裕家庭长大的女孩子去落基山脉的一个村落当老师。她们住在当地人的家里，和他们一样过着艰辛的生活。
1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school.
B．To study American history.
C．To write a book.
D．To do sightseeing.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“... traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.”可知，她们去落基山脉的原因是去学校教学。
答案：A
2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A．They enjoyed much respect.
B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids.
D．They suffered severe hardships.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，两个女孩的生活环境很糟糕——几乎没有隐私、很少洗澡、早上被子上覆盖着雪、儿童被冻哭、春天道路泥泞，故她们在那里的生活是十分困苦的。
答案：D
3．Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads ...”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设的部分令人毛骨悚然。
答案：C
4．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的最后一句，第四段中的第一句和最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可推知，本篇文章是一则书评。
答案：B
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第2题)
D
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms._____
②(熟词生义)The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing._____________________
③(一词多义)Then a full moon rose.___________
涉及
连绵弯曲的地带；促使
圆的；满的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①hold together with string
②do something useful
③a blanket of snow
④wake up
⑤weep from the cold
⑥be replaced by
⑦end with
用绳子绑在一起
做一些有用的事情
一层雪
醒来
因寒冷而哭泣
被……所取代
以……告终
三、寻结构破长句
1．They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.
抓标志：从属连词_____
判类型：主句＋时间状语从句
试翻译：她们搬到当地一个叫哈里森的家庭，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡， 被子上盖着一层雪。
when
早上醒来时
2．In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.
抓标志：关系代词_______
判类型：主句＋定语从句
试翻译：在威肯登的书中，她扩展了西方的历史和女权主义，_____________
。
which
这当然影响了
女孩们去埃尔克黑德的决定
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.
赏析：穿着昂贵的(expensive)衣服的两位女孩与穿着用绳子绑起来的(were held together with string)鞋子的孩子之间对比鲜明的生活条件，解释了让这对朋友大吃一惊(a surprise)的原因。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①He always has ways of giving us surprise, such as making a joke or singing a song and so on.
②We can't be defeated as long as we .
只要我们团结起来，就不会被打败。
a
hold together
2．(赏意境之美)When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.
赏析：夕阳西下，洒下玫瑰色的光辉。一轮满月升起，雪地上只能看到狐狸、土狼、老鼠和各种野兔等小动物留下的痕迹。生活条件可能很艰苦，但是对于热爱生活的人来讲，它却从来不缺乏美。对于想做点有用的事的Dorothy Woodruff 和Rosamond Underwood来讲，更是如此。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共53张PPT)
confusion
confused
confusing
extension
memorize
revival
relaxing
relaxed
relaxation
transportation
export
背词条用法 (1)mark ...with ... 用……给……做标记
mark on 在……上做标记
mark one’s name on 在……上写上名字
mark out 用线画出范围，标出……界线
(2)make a mark on 在……上做标记
get high marks/a high mark 得高分
get full marks 得满分
背写作佳句 ①The teacher marked her absent(＝made a mark by her name to show that she was absent)．
老师在她的名字旁做了个缺课的记号。
②She said that she must work hard to get a high mark.
她说她必须努力学习才能得到高分。
背相关短语 (1)dress (sb.) up as ... (把某人)打扮/装扮成
dress oneself/sb. 给自己/某人穿衣
be dressed in (＋颜色/衣服) 穿着……的衣服
get dressed 穿好/上衣服
(2)in ...dress 穿着……的衣服
背写作佳句 ①During the festival, people usually dress up and get together to drink, sing and dance.
在节日期间，人们通常盛装打扮，聚在一起喝酒、唱歌、跳舞。
②(2019·江苏高考)For instance, students can be dressed in hanfu, or girls can wear beautiful qipao.
例如，学生可以穿汉服，或者女孩可以穿漂亮的旗袍。
[真题再做]
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外出就餐时需要注意的一些重要的就餐礼节，并强调不同的国家有不同的就餐礼节。
1．选D 分析上下文语境可知，空处起承上启下的作用。空前提到“(不同)文化背景下的就餐礼节中的一些重要规则可能会让你感到惊讶”，空后提到“了解一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人愉快地用餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方”。分析选项可知，D项“不要被(人)发现在餐馆(用餐时)犯尴尬的错误”符合此处的语境，并能起到承上启下的作用。
2．选F 根据本段小标题和上文内容可知，空处也应是关于使用筷子的规则。F项“当你使用它们时，切勿将它们直立于你的食物中或把它们交叉(放置)”符合此处的语境，且选项中的them指代的是筷子(chopsticks)，与小标题和前文内容相呼应。
3．选C 根据本段小标题和上下文内容可知，空处应是以某个国家为例，介绍使用手或餐具来就餐的某条重要规则；再根据下文中的instead可知，空处内容应与后半句内容形成对比。根据后半句“(他们)反而更喜欢用他们的手”并分析选项可知，C项“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合此处的语境。
4．选G 根据空后内容“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.”和本段小标题Making Requests可知，空处应是提及一个用餐时的请求，再结合because后的原因“因为这是在向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技术”可知，G项“吃饭时要盐和胡椒粉看似是一个简单的请求”符合此处的语境。
5．选B 根据下文中的“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices”可知，空处也应是“the＋比较级”结构的句子，且根据下文句意“你就会开始对它的异国文化习俗感觉越得心应手”可知，B项“你在任何一个特定的国家待的时间越长”符合此处的语境。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
段中句的思维建模(第3题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：依据上下文理顺句意衔接 根据本段小标题和上下文内容可知，本段围绕就餐时用手还是用餐具这一段落主题， 介绍了印度和中东、法国、智利以及泰国不同的就餐习惯。
第二步：瞻前顾后确定逻辑衔接 上文介绍了印度和中东、法国的就餐习惯，下文介绍了智利和泰国的就餐习惯。并列关系清晰，所以设空处应是以某个国家为例，介绍使用手或餐具来就餐的某条重要规则。
第三步：利用关键词和句式结构锁定答案 根据下文中的instead可知，空处内容应与后半句内容形成对比。逗号后的句子提到“(他们)反而更喜欢用他们的手”，结合选项可知，“______ __________ ___________”符合此处的语境。故选 。
续表
墨西哥
人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的
C
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions._____
②(熟词生义)In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.____________________
③(一词多义)The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices._______
操纵
加调料调味；加作料
特定的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①dine out
②put ... down
③be parallel with
④prefer to do sth.
⑤ask for
⑥add ...to ...
⑦get caught doing sth.
⑧make a mess
外出吃饭
把……放下
与……平行
偏爱做某事
要求得到
把……添加到……
被发现正在做某事
弄的一团糟
三、寻结构破长句
1．When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
抓标志：从属连词 ；并列连词___
判类型：复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译： ，要放在一块儿，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行。
when
so
当你在吃的时候放下它们
2．Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries.
抓标志：并列连词____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：这些文化饮食礼仪的规则的一些可能看起来随意和奇怪，_________
。
but
但它们在
不同的国家都很重要
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant.
赏析：作者在这个祈使句里使用了动词短语get caught doing sth.(被发现正在做某事)以及形容词化的现在分词embarrassing(令人尴尬的)，语气强烈且形象准确地表达了了解外出就餐礼节的重要性。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①Someone often got caught (mark)on ancient buildings.
②(2022·全国甲卷)From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was (amaze)．
marking
amazing
2. (赏结构之美)The more time you spend in any given country，the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
赏析：该句运用the more ..., the more ...句型(越……，就越……)生动说明了适应某个国家的文化习俗与你在这个国家待的时间之间的关系。该句型表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。
[对点练——单句语法填空/翻译句子]
①The more dangerous the circumstances are，the (brave) we should be.
②他工作越努力，得到的就越多。
The harder he works, the more he gets.
braver
3. (赏衔接之美)It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal.In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
赏析：在意大利要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪这种做法与在葡萄牙吃饭时要盐和胡椒粉都属于严重的错误。运用副词similarly(相似地)进行衔接，强化了读者对这两种错误做法的认识。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢 谢 观 看(共52张PPT)
背词条用法 (1)perform one’s promise 履行某人的承诺
perform an experiment 进行试验
(2)give/put on a performance 演出，表演
背写作佳句 ①After that, we’ll sing their favourite songs and perform folk dances.
之后，我们将演唱他们最喜欢的歌曲，表演民间舞蹈。
②You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.
你可以和机器人交谈，问它问题，并要求它执行不同的任务。
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
(2022·新高考 Ⅱ 卷·阅读理解D篇)对接课标主题：体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神
As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken，” says Dr.Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise — balance training and weight training — three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts，” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility，” Levine says.“We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr.Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
1．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A．The right way of exercising.
B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit.
D．The aging process of the heart.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的本·莱文博士说的话以及“That's what happens to the heart.”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程。
答案：D
2．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A．Diet plan.
B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type.
D．Previous physical condition.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The first group ...days a week.”可知，第一组每周参加三次无氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练；第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多天的高强度有氧运动。由此可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同。
答案：C
3．What does Levine's research find
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group ...in heart health.”和第四段莱文说的话可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻。
答案：A
4．What does Dr.Nieca Goldberg suggest
A．Making use of the findings.
B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research.
D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study ...make the biggest difference.”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。
答案：C
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第4题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：定位
查找对应信息点 根据题干关键信息Dr.Nieca Goldberg suggest定位到最后一段。
第二步：理解
信息点的字面意思 但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。
第三步：分析
推断隐含信息 由信息点可推断出，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选 。
C
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be._____
②(一词多义)And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner._____
③(熟词生义)Dr.Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's findings are a great start._____
变老
锻炼
开端
即使；尽管
出现；露面
在某人50多岁的时候
起初
健身；塑形
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①even if
②show up
③in one's 50s
④in the beginning
⑤get in shape
⑥be divided into
⑦participate in
⑧three times a week
⑨under the guidance of
⑩make the biggest difference
被分成
参加
每周三次
在……的指导下
起最大的作用
三、寻结构破长句
1．As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.
抓标志：从属连词____________
判类型：时间状语从句＋让步状语从句＋主句＋比较状语从句
试翻译： ，心脏处理氧气的效率_______
。
as; even if; as
随着我们变老，即使我们很健康
也不像
以前那么高了
2．Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
抓标志：连接词 ; 从属连词______
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个让步状语从句；动名词短语作主语)
试翻译：莱文发现，幸运的是，对于那些中年人士来说，_________________
，现在健身也可能有助于改善你老化的心脏。
that
even if
即使你不是一个
热情的运动爱好者
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility，” Levine says.
赏析：用形容词sweet修饰spot来描述开始锻炼的最佳时机，增加了参与锻炼的吸引力；has flexibility加上副词still，客观说明了中年后期心脏的特点，生动描述了不可错过这一时机锻炼的紧迫性。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Swimming can increase (flexible) of our body, enhance balance and coordination.
②Proper food, regular exercise and a positive attitude can be beneficial to us during .
适当的食物、定期的锻炼和积极的态度可以在这个苦中带甜的一年里让我们受益匪浅。
flexibility
this bitter but sweet year
2. (赏结构之美)And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise.
赏析：本句使用了定语从句和表语从句。省略了why的定语从句准确指出了是哪一方面的原因，that引导的表语从句说明了原因的内容。句子结构严谨，语言精练，表意充分。
3．(赏修辞之美)“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts，” says Levine.
赏析：“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回到30或35岁的心脏。”Levine通过把心脏的年龄比作时钟，生动形象地说明了锻炼的效果，表意贴切，给人以深刻印象。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（五）”
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谢 谢 观 看(共58张PPT)
背相关短语 set off 出发，动身；引发；使爆炸，燃放
set out 启程，动身；阐述；陈列
set in 开始；到来；流行
be set in 以……为背景/场景
be set in stone 一成不变
set aside 存储；留出；将……放在一边
set down 放下，写下，登记
set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth. 开始着手做某事
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2021·全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇——对接课标主题：人与环境、人与动植物
You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018，Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注。
1．What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成巨型雕塑，迫使观看者重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，从而引发公众对塑料垃圾的关注。
答案：C
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
解析：写作意图题。第三段第一句点明全球塑料垃圾的可回收利用率很小。第二句和最后一句也分别提到“they cannot be recycled”和“the straw will take centuries to disappear”，意在说明塑料吸管很难回收利用。
答案：A
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Von Wong和志愿者把一万多件塑料制品捆绑在一起，看起来像是从卡车上同时倾倒出一样，冲击感强烈，令人感到不安。disturbing“引起烦恼的，令人不安的”。
答案：B
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
解析：标题归纳题。本文第一段介绍了艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对海洋塑料垃圾的关注，下文介绍了他的作品及其付出的努力。因此，“海洋塑料垃圾变身成雕塑”是最佳标题。
答案：D
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
写作意图题的思维建模(第2题)
A
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic ...________
②(熟词生义)To voice his views on modern art.______
③(一词多义)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.______________________
加标题
表达
对……施加压力；迫使
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①make a difference
②force sb. to do sth.
③make one's first appearance
④by no means
⑤come under fire
⑥a truckload's worth of
⑦tie ...together
⑧all at once
有影响；起作用
迫使某人做某事
首次亮相
决不，一点也不
受到严厉批评
一卡车(量)的……
把……绑在一起
一起，同时
三、寻结构破长句
1．Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
抓标志：并列连词 ；从属连词_______
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个原因状语从句；because of＋n.作状语)
试翻译：塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，_________________________
，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法被回收。
but；and
because
但最近它们受到了抨击，
因为大多数人不需要用它们来喝东西
2．Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
抓标志：关系代词__________
判类型：主句(含有一个定语从句)＋定语从句
试翻译：Von Wong作品中的每一根吸管都可能仅在人们喝饮料时__________
。
that；that
被使用了
几分钟
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
赏析：句子运用短语by no means客观说明了在塑料污染方面塑料吸管并非最大来源；用短语come under fire(受到严厉批评；遭到攻击)说明了虽然如此，塑料吸管因为其自身无法回收的特点而受到批评。与单词相比，短语的作用在于能有效增强表达气势，读起来节奏分明，铿锵有力。
[对点练——完成句子]
①It is easy to satisfy everyone.
要满足每一个人绝非易事。
②Plastic carrier bag is now for its environmental costs.
塑料购物袋现在因其环境成本而受到抨击。
by no means
coming under fire
2. (赏意境之美)At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash.
赏析：句中用frozen mid-crash说明了这件作品(塑料制成的海浪)呈现出在互相冲击的过程被冻结的状态。精练的语言具有很强的画面感。情景交融，意在引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注。
3．(赏修辞之美)But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.
赏析：本句采用了设问的修辞手法。用问句的形式突出了所说的内容，引起注意，启发读者思考。设问用在了第一段的中间，除引起思考外，还有承上启下的过渡作用。
“课下主题训练”见“课下主题训练（六）”
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谢 谢 观 看
