Module 1 课下主题训练 科技发展与信息技术创新，
科学精神，信息安全
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A group of researchers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are currently engaged in an 18-month study in cooperation with Autodesk Research, a 3-D design software company, to design the helmet of the future. The group is investigating whether 3-D printed microstructures within helmet design can absorb more of the momentum (冲力) of a collision than current helmet technology.
Usually, designers start with a concept or some general idea of what a product will look like. That isn't the case for the researchers at Lawrence Livermore. Instead, they are using Autodesk's Project Dreamcatcher software, which allows designers to input specific design objectives, including functional requirements, material type and so on, to serve up a design based on what the researchers need it to accomplish. “In some ways this is a completely new way of thinking about design，” technical researcher Eric Duoss said. The idea involves taking the same elements that make up strong, flexible structures and making them smaller. Imagine the Eiffel Tower's lattice (格子架) design, but very small.
The lab is currently testing a variety of materials to build its helmet constructed of nano-sized lattice. One of the more promising elements is 3-D printed silicon (硅), which could be used to replace the current foam pads that most helmets for sports use. Internal analysis has shown these silicon pads could absorb 50% more energy than a solid piece of foam. It was previously impossible to construct these formations, but an increase in 3-D printer resolution has started the design innovation.
The 3-D printed microarchitecture technology is mostly being researched at the university level. The scientists at Lawrence Livermore are patenting various discoveries made along the way. The lab is also considering this same technology for other applications, like bicycle helmets. “Beyond helmets, there are a lot of opportunities for 3-D printed microstructural design in automotive engineering and aerospace，” Duoss said. Airplanes could be made more lightweight, for example. It's likely these helmets are still a few years off, but the organization said it expects to see its micro-lattice works become more common in design at large in the near future.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究者发现3 D打印的微体系结构的头盔对头部的保护作用更大，因为它有效地吸收了撞击力。
1．What do the researchers aim to do
A．Design a better 3-D printer.
B．Set up a software company.
C．Study the momentum of a collision in sports.
D．Test the performance of a new type of helmet.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，这组研究人员在调查3-D打印的微体系结构的头盔是否能够吸收更多的冲力，即测试这种新型头盔的性能。
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The researchers' source of inspiration.
B．The structure of the researchers' product.
C．The researchers' creative design concept.
D．The general description of the researchers' product.
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要说明了研究人员采用了一种新的设计思路来设计头盔，即目标驱动的设计理念，故选C。
3．Why are 3-D printed silicon pads used to replace the foam ones
A．They are much smaller in size.
B．They can be easily constructed.
C．They are widely used in sports helmets.
D．They can absorb more collision momentum.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“3-D printed silicon (硅) ... these silicon pads could absorb 50% more energy than a solid piece of foam”可知，3-D打印的硅垫较现在的固体泡沫垫能多吸收50%的能量，故选D。
B
A new training course in Bali is hoping to change the way we think about construction. Bamboo, the fast-growing grass plant common to Africa, Asia and Latin America, has been used for thousands of years to build houses, bridges, etc. Architects have called it “green steel”．
Yet, regardless of its excellent characteristics — bamboo is flexible and has the strength of steel — this plant remains something of a forgotten solution in the construction world. Part of the problem is bamboo's association with cheap, low-quality housing: a “poor man's house”．
One organization is fighting to change this idea. Founded in 2015 in Bali, Indonesia, Bamboo U offers training courses that promote bamboo as a green construction material. The 11-day “build and design” course takes participants on a hands-on journey through the life cycle of bamboo: from harvesting and treatment, to design and construction. Participants then need to bring their own designs to life, or help create bamboo structures, under the check of a team of architects and designers.
Research by INBAR shows that in recent years, concerns about the unsustainability (不可持续性) of building materials, including a growing shortage of key materials such as sand, have inspired a fresh look at “natural” construction. And it also shows bamboo can provide a low-carbon, renewable alternative to wood, steel and cement：the plant stores more carbon than certain species of tree, and can be used to create everything like pipes.
Since 2015, Bamboo U has welcomed more than 400 people through its doors. Its students have gone on to teach bamboo construction workshops in Ecuador and the Philippines, create architecture installations (装置，设施) in Belgium and the USA, build bamboo kitchens, and set up new bamboo plantations (种植园) around the world.
However, not everyone can build his house with bamboo. Hardy says, “Bamboo U is more about an understanding of the place you're in. We want to remind people that nature can and should be in the built environment.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。由于人们认知上的偏见，竹子作为一种可再生的建筑材料没有得到重视。印度尼西亚巴厘岛上的培训课程为人们提供了旨在推广竹子作为绿色建筑材料的课程。
4．What made bamboo a forgotten solution in the construction world
A．The poor qualities of bamboo.
B．The great shortage of bamboo nowadays.
C．The prejudice people have towards bamboo.
D．The inconvenience of transporting bamboo to cities.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，一些人对用竹子建造的房屋持有偏见导致竹子做的房子不为人们广泛接受。
5．What does the research by INBAR show
A．Bamboo U has inspired many constructors.
B．Bamboo has a big potential in construction.
C．Future building materials will be cheaper and greener.
D．The technology for building bamboo houses will improve.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Research by INBAR shows ... and can be used to create everything like pipes.”可推知，竹子在建筑领域有巨大的潜力。
6．What's Hardy's attitude towards Bamboo U
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.
C．Subjective. D．Concerned.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Bamboo U is more about ... be in the built environment.”可知，Hardy对Bamboo U持支持的态度。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
5G mobile technology has officially been rolled out across the globe, which indicates a dynamic acceleration (加速) in our world of connectivity.It promotes operational cooperation tourism hasn't experienced before. __7__ This is perceived from both the way the industry operates and the side of the traveler.
__8__ It's expected to offer organizations a wireless network that transforms the way people and machines use data.Unlike previous network generations, 5G is now being seen as not just a consumer platform, but a primary communications platform that can also provide cloud connectivity and edge processing that can offer real-time business insights and automated responses, and eventually integrate the billions of Internet of Things devices and data that are available.
As travel companies have transformed their operations with new digital systems, their focus has moved from the technology itself to the improved business outcomes and enhanced guest and passenger experiences driven by the technology. __9__ With advanced connectivity speeds and low latency, guests can share their personal data to receive custom recommendations from travel companies in real time that should provide meaningful experiences. __10__ For example, guests can involve themselves in viewing rooms and hotel facilities, or preview local attractions as they plan their trips.
To prepare to roll out this new technology, travel companies should ensure they have a thorough understanding of their guests' expectations on what makes a first-rank travel experience. __11__
A．It also transforms the travel experience.
B．5G's capabilities can support that change.
C．5G offers significant security guarantee definitely.
D．However, people haven't got well prepared for the 5G era.
E．Virtual experiences give guests an early taste of the destination.
F．5G opens up a new way of accessing information and delivering business value.
G．Then they should find ways to adapt their processes and services to meet them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了5G技术的发展给旅游业带来了运作方式上的改变，旅游业的重点也已经从技术本身转移到了改善业务成果和提高由技术驱动的旅客体验上。
7．选A 根据上文可知，5G技术促进了旅游运营合作，根据下文可知，从行业的运作方式和旅客的角度都可以看出这一点。据此可以推知，空处应该是讲5G给旅游业带来的改变，故选A。
8．选F 根据下文可知，5G技术有望为企业提供一个无线网络，改变人和机器使用数据的方式；与前几代网络不同，5G现在不仅被视为一个消费平台，而且被视为一个主要的通信平台，它还可以提供云连接和边缘处理，这可以提供实时业务洞悉和自动响应，并最终整合数十亿的物联网设备和数据。据此可知，本段主要介绍5G在通信方面带来的改变，故选F项。
9．选B 根据上文可知，随着旅游公司用新的数字系统改变了它们的运营方式，它们的重点已经从技术本身转移到了改善业务成果和提高由技术驱动的旅客体验上；B项中的“that change”与上文相呼应，符合语境。
10．选E 根据下文可知，客人可以参与参观房间和酒店设施，或者在计划行程时预览当地景点；据此可知，空处应该是讲客人可以用网络技术提前体验旅游设施。E项承接下文，且E项中的“guests”与下文的“guests”相呼应。
11．选G 根据上文可知，为了准备推出这项新技术，旅游公司应该确保它们彻底了解客人对一流旅游体验的期望；据此可以推知，下文应陈述旅游公司在了解客人对旅游体验的期望后所采取的措施。故G项承接上文，符合语境。Module 1 课下主题训练 科技发展与信息技术创新，
科学精神，信息安全
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A group of researchers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are currently engaged in an 18-month study in cooperation with Autodesk Research, a 3-D design software company, to design the helmet of the future. The group is investigating whether 3-D printed microstructures within helmet design can absorb more of the momentum (冲力) of a collision than current helmet technology.
Usually, designers start with a concept or some general idea of what a product will look like. That isn't the case for the researchers at Lawrence Livermore. Instead, they are using Autodesk's Project Dreamcatcher software, which allows designers to input specific design objectives, including functional requirements, material type and so on, to serve up a design based on what the researchers need it to accomplish. “In some ways this is a completely new way of thinking about design，” technical researcher Eric Duoss said. The idea involves taking the same elements that make up strong, flexible structures and making them smaller. Imagine the Eiffel Tower's lattice (格子架) design, but very small.
The lab is currently testing a variety of materials to build its helmet constructed of nano-sized lattice. One of the more promising elements is 3-D printed silicon (硅), which could be used to replace the current foam pads that most helmets for sports use. Internal analysis has shown these silicon pads could absorb 50% more energy than a solid piece of foam. It was previously impossible to construct these formations, but an increase in 3-D printer resolution has started the design innovation.
The 3-D printed microarchitecture technology is mostly being researched at the university level. The scientists at Lawrence Livermore are patenting various discoveries made along the way. The lab is also considering this same technology for other applications, like bicycle helmets. “Beyond helmets, there are a lot of opportunities for 3-D printed microstructural design in automotive engineering and aerospace，” Duoss said. Airplanes could be made more lightweight, for example. It's likely these helmets are still a few years off, but the organization said it expects to see its micro-lattice works become more common in design at large in the near future.
1．What do the researchers aim to do
A．Design a better 3-D printer.
B．Set up a software company.
C．Study the momentum of a collision in sports.
D．Test the performance of a new type of helmet.
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The researchers' source of inspiration.
B．The structure of the researchers' product.
C．The researchers' creative design concept.
D．The general description of the researchers' product.
3．Why are 3-D printed silicon pads used to replace the foam ones
A．They are much smaller in size.
B．They can be easily constructed.
C．They are widely used in sports helmets.
D．They can absorb more collision momentum.
B
A new training course in Bali is hoping to change the way we think about construction. Bamboo, the fast-growing grass plant common to Africa, Asia and Latin America, has been used for thousands of years to build houses, bridges, etc. Architects have called it “green steel”．
Yet, regardless of its excellent characteristics — bamboo is flexible and has the strength of steel — this plant remains something of a forgotten solution in the construction world. Part of the problem is bamboo's association with cheap, low-quality housing: a “poor man's house”．
One organization is fighting to change this idea. Founded in 2015 in Bali, Indonesia, Bamboo U offers training courses that promote bamboo as a green construction material. The 11-day “build and design” course takes participants on a hands-on journey through the life cycle of bamboo: from harvesting and treatment, to design and construction. Participants then need to bring their own designs to life, or help create bamboo structures, under the check of a team of architects and designers.
Research by INBAR shows that in recent years, concerns about the unsustainability (不可持续性) of building materials, including a growing shortage of key materials such as sand, have inspired a fresh look at “natural” construction. And it also shows bamboo can provide a low-carbon, renewable alternative to wood, steel and cement：the plant stores more carbon than certain species of tree, and can be used to create everything like pipes.
Since 2015, Bamboo U has welcomed more than 400 people through its doors. Its students have gone on to teach bamboo construction workshops in Ecuador and the Philippines, create architecture installations (装置，设施) in Belgium and the USA, build bamboo kitchens, and set up new bamboo plantations (种植园) around the world.
However, not everyone can build his house with bamboo. Hardy says, “Bamboo U is more about an understanding of the place you're in. We want to remind people that nature can and should be in the built environment.”
4．What made bamboo a forgotten solution in the construction world
A．The poor qualities of bamboo.
B．The great shortage of bamboo nowadays.
C．The prejudice people have towards bamboo.
D．The inconvenience of transporting bamboo to cities.
5．What does the research by INBAR show
A．Bamboo U has inspired many constructors.
B．Bamboo has a big potential in construction.
C．Future building materials will be cheaper and greener.
D．The technology for building bamboo houses will improve.
6．What's Hardy's attitude towards Bamboo U
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.
C．Subjective. D．Concerned.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
5G mobile technology has officially been rolled out across the globe, which indicates a dynamic acceleration (加速) in our world of connectivity.It promotes operational cooperation tourism hasn't experienced before. __7__ This is perceived from both the way the industry operates and the side of the traveler.
__8__ It's expected to offer organizations a wireless network that transforms the way people and machines use data.Unlike previous network generations, 5G is now being seen as not just a consumer platform, but a primary communications platform that can also provide cloud connectivity and edge processing that can offer real-time business insights and automated responses, and eventually integrate the billions of Internet of Things devices and data that are available.
As travel companies have transformed their operations with new digital systems, their focus has moved from the technology itself to the improved business outcomes and enhanced guest and passenger experiences driven by the technology. __9__ With advanced connectivity speeds and low latency, guests can share their personal data to receive custom recommendations from travel companies in real time that should provide meaningful experiences. __10__ For example, guests can involve themselves in viewing rooms and hotel facilities, or preview local attractions as they plan their trips.
To prepare to roll out this new technology, travel companies should ensure they have a thorough understanding of their guests' expectations on what makes a first-rank travel experience. __11__
A．It also transforms the travel experience.
B．5G's capabilities can support that change.
C．5G offers significant security guarantee definitely.
D．However, people haven't got well prepared for the 5G era.
E．Virtual experiences give guests an early taste of the destination.
F．5G opens up a new way of accessing information and delivering business value.
G．Then they should find ways to adapt their processes and services to meet them.Module 2 课下主题训练 社会热点问题
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Two deer jumped out in front of 16-year-old Amanda Floyd's car. She put on the brake, stopping the car just in time. But later, she started texting. Distracted, Amanda turned left and right, then crashed into another car. Luckily, she wasn't in a real car — she was in a driving simulator (模拟器) at Roosevelt High School, Ohio, US. “I never really realized that cars make a turn that much，” Amanda, a junior, said. She added that she wouldn't text while driving anymore.
The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Ohio State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school. They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, distracted driving claimed 3,450 lives in 2020 alone. Experts believe the actual figure is probably higher.
The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students. They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns. The simulator has a steering wheel (方向盘), brake and gas pedal (油门). It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.
Students choose a distraction, such as driving while drunk or texting. They always crash, of course. Then, they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving: how much damage they've caused, what their fine is, if anyone died in the accident, and if they're going to go to prison.
“It teaches how to drive without being on the road，” said Shante Thompson, 16. She had just crashed into a deer.
ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far. He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates.
“Driving is such a major responsibility, so take it seriously，” he said. “Put away your cellphone. A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving. It can not only change your life, but change someone else's life forever. The results are serious.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作这个驾驶模拟器可以增强交通安全意识。
1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1
A．Introduce the topic of the text.
B．Illustrate the author's point of view.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Offer some background information.
解析：选A 写作意图题。阅读全文可知，文章第一段讲述了一个事例，然后通过这个事例引出了本文的话题，即driving simulator。由此可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。
2．What can we know about the driving simulator
A．It is connected to the local police station.
B．It is a real car but has large computer screens.
C．It attracts the students' interest as a computer program.
D．It benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段的描述，尤其是第一句和第二句可知，这个驾驶模拟器实质上是一个电脑程序，和许多电脑游戏一样，它很受学生们的欢迎，引起了学生们的兴趣，故选C。
3．What would be the best title of the passage
A．Traffic rules in Ohio, US
B．Dangers of distracted driving
C．Simulated driving for students
D．Advantages of computer games
解析：选C 标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作它可以增强交通安全意识，故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Survival in the Andes
On October 13,1972, a small plane flying to Chile accidentally crashed into a mountain in the Andes. How some of the passengers __4__ to live is one of the greatest survival stories ever told.
The survivors __5__ inside the remains of the plane, using seat covers for blankets, and waited for a __6__ that never came. Days turned into weeks. It was urgent to find a way to __7__. Three of the passengers — Canessa, Parrado, and Vizintin — volunteered to __8__ through the mountains to search for help. When they left, each man wore similar clothes: three pairs of socks, a plastic bag __9__ each foot to keep the water out, boots, four pairs of trousers, and four sweaters. Many of the clothes came from those who had died in the crash. The three men __10__ that they would survive and bring back help.
For part of the first day, they were glad to make some __11__. But as the land and weather changed, climbing became __12__. After several days, they reached what they thought was the top. They had __13__ this moment for days. On the other side of the top, they hoped, would be a __14__ leading down and out of the mountains. However, they saw the same snow-covered tops. All hope wasn't __15__. Although they were still in the middle of the mountains, Parrado __16__ two low tops far away that didn't have snow. If they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.
Within the following days they walked toward the two low tops. Little by little, the landscape began to change. Snow __17__ completely, and flowers were everywhere. “This is the valley，” Canessa said. “This is the way __18__.” Then things of humanity started to appear — a few cans on the ground, some farm animals in a field. By December 21, the extremely __19__ men made it to the town of Los Maitenes, and a rescue team was sent immediately to __20__ for the survivors who were still high in the Andes.
Finally all of the remaining survivors were __21__. The memories of the crash in the Andes would be with the friends forever, but for now, their terrible __22__ was over. They had made it out — __23__.
语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了飞机失事后幸存者们等不来救援队伍，其中三人主动寻找逃生出路，最终所有人得救的故事。
4．A.learned B．managed
C．decided D．expected
解析：选B 飞机撞向安第斯山脉后，一些人能够成功存活的故事是一直以来最棒的逃生故事之一，manage to do sth.“成功做成某事”，故选B。
5．A.stayed B．looked
C．turned D．reached
解析：选A 根据后文提到幸存者用飞机座椅的套子当作毛毯取暖可知，他们一开始待在飞机的残骸里等待救援，故选A。
6．A.present B．danger
C．message D．rescue
解析：选D 通过前文可知，幸存者们一开始留在飞机的残骸里面，等待救援。故选D。
7．A.prepare B．continue
C．escape D．develop
解析：选C 找到一条逃生的路非常紧急。escape“逃离”，故选C项。
8．A.journey B．compare
C．measure D．expand
解析：选A 三位乘客自愿启程穿越山脉寻求帮助。journey“启程”，故选A。
9．A.against B．under
C．beside D．around
解析：选D 根据语境可知，三个人离开的时候为了保暖穿了很多层衣服，三双袜子，每只脚上还套了塑料袋来防水，around“在……周围”，故选D。
10．A.admitted B．promised
C．informed D．demanded
解析：选B 三人承诺一定会活下来并带回帮助来，故选B项，promise“承诺”。
11．A.policy B．help
C．progress D．advice
解析：选C 在第一天的部分时间里，他们很开心自己取得了一些进展，make progress“取得进展”，故选C。
12．A.narrower B．heavier
C．sharper D．tougher
解析：选D 一开始有所进展，但是过了一段时间后，地形和天气变了，这使得他们寻求救援的路变得更加艰难了。tougher是tough的比较级，表示“更加艰难”，故选D。
13．A.imagined B．arranged
C．witnessed D．appreciated
解析：选A 前文说他们以为自己登顶了，这也是他们这些天一直想象的时刻，imagine“想象”；arrange“安排”；witness“目击”；appreciate“欣赏”。故选A。
14．A.court B．valley
C．border D．channel
解析：选B 第四段中出现“This is the valley”，表示他们找到可以逃生的出路了，这里他们想着到了山顶就能看到通往下山的路了，valley“山谷”；court“法院”；border“边界”；channel“海峡”。故选B。
15．A.sent B．left
C．lost D．kept
解析：选C 根据后文可知，尽管他们还在雪山中，但Parrado发现了远处有没有积雪的较低的山峰可知，这里他们还心存希望，all hope wasn't lost表示“并没有完全失去希望”，故选C项。
16．A.spotted B．counted
C．rejected D．mentioned
解析：选A Parrado看到了远处没有积雪的两座较低的山峰，spot“看见”，故选A。
17．A.declined B．froze
C．spread D．disappeared
解析：选D 前文提到山顶上盖满了雪，后文说鲜花遍地，由此可知，雪已经消失了，disappear“消失”；decline“下降”；freeze“冻结”；spread“展开”。故选D。
18．A.behind B．out
C．apart D．off
解析：选B 由后文他们已经找到了逃生的路，以及文章结尾处的“They had made it out”可知，故选B项。
19．A.tired B．disappointed
C．frightened D．puzzled
解析：选A 从飞机失事到最终得救历经两个月的艰辛，三人爬了好几座山，可知他们已经筋疲力尽了，tired“疲劳的”；disappointed“失望的”；frightened“害怕的”；puzzled“困惑的”。故选A。
20．A.fight B．call
C．search D．ask
解析：选C 三人已经到达了小镇上，这时搜救人员上山寻找其他被困的人员，search for“寻找”；fight for“为……而斗争”；call for“需要”；ask for“要求”。故选C。
21．A.listed B．treated
C．picked D．saved
解析：选D 根据后文“They had made it out”可知，他们成功了，故所有的幸存人员都被解救了，故选D，save“挽救”。
22．A.performance B．experience
C．challenge D．exploration
解析：选B 现在他们这段可怕的经历终于结束了，因为是飞机失事，所以这次事故属于意外，而不是他们的探险或者挑战，因此选B。
23．A.free B．cool
C．alive D．crazy
解析：选C 前文提到所有幸存人员都被救了，说明他们都活下来了，故选C，alive“活着的”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The term “China-Chic” characterizes the rise of China's native fashion trends.It has expanded the concept of“Made in China”， which is usually regarded as the__1__(assure) of the quality of products.
In recent years，“Made in China”__2__(recognize) as the representation of Chinese culture offered by homegrown Chinese brands，or__3__(simple) “China-Chic”．The initial adaptation of the term “China-Chic” was similar to “Brit Style”， __4__represents a unique fashion trend mainly defined by the country's __5__ (vary) cultural elements.
Designers in the fashion industry were the first__6__(feature) traditional Chinese patterns，characters and crafting techniques in __7__ (they) newest collections.__8__ eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many had never seen before，quickly turning the collections into best sellers.Under such influence, young people gradually shifted their attention __9__ the cultures imported from Japan, South Korea and the West to traditional Chinese art and literature, __10__ (practice) Chinese calligraphy and musical instruments，such as guzheng.
1．assurance 考查名词。语境表示“‘中国制造’通常被看作是产品质量的保证”，根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处应用名词形式，故填assurance“保证，担保”。
2．has been recognized 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In recent years 可知，此处应使用现在完成时。语境表示“‘中国制造’被认为是中国文化的代表”，主语为第三人称单数，且主语和谓语之间为动宾关系，故填has been recognized。
3．simply 考查副词。语境表示“或者简单地被称作‘国潮’”，应使用副词形式，故填simply。
4．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为“Brit Style”，指物，故应填which。
5．various/varied 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词短语cultural elements，应用形容词形式，故填various/varied。
6．to feature 考查非谓语动词。结合语境并分析句子结构可知，空后应为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰the first，所以应用不定式作定语，故填to feature。
7．their 考查代词。根据语境，此处表示“在他们的最新系列时装中”，空处应使用形容词性物主代词修饰newest collections，故填their。
8．The 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处指的是上文中设计师创作的中国风服饰的色彩与风格，故应用定冠词the表示特指。空处位于句首，首字母要大写，故填The。
9．from 考查介词。语境表示“年轻人的注意力逐渐从由日本、韩国和西方传入的文化转移到中国传统艺术和文学上来”。“shift ... from ... to”表示“把……从……转移到……上”，故填介词from。
10．practicing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词。practice与主语young people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词作状语，故填practicing。Module 2 课下主题训练 社会热点问题
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Two deer jumped out in front of 16-year-old Amanda Floyd's car. She put on the brake, stopping the car just in time. But later, she started texting. Distracted, Amanda turned left and right, then crashed into another car. Luckily, she wasn't in a real car — she was in a driving simulator (模拟器) at Roosevelt High School, Ohio, US. “I never really realized that cars make a turn that much，” Amanda, a junior, said. She added that she wouldn't text while driving anymore.
The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Ohio State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school. They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, distracted driving claimed 3,450 lives in 2020 alone. Experts believe the actual figure is probably higher.
The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students. They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns. The simulator has a steering wheel (方向盘), brake and gas pedal (油门). It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.
Students choose a distraction, such as driving while drunk or texting. They always crash, of course. Then, they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving: how much damage they've caused, what their fine is, if anyone died in the accident, and if they're going to go to prison.
“It teaches how to drive without being on the road，” said Shante Thompson, 16. She had just crashed into a deer.
ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far. He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates.
“Driving is such a major responsibility, so take it seriously，” he said. “Put away your cellphone. A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving. It can not only change your life, but change someone else's life forever. The results are serious.”
1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1
A．Introduce the topic of the text.
B．Illustrate the author's point of view.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Offer some background information.
2．What can we know about the driving simulator
A．It is connected to the local police station.
B．It is a real car but has large computer screens.
C．It attracts the students' interest as a computer program.
D．It benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.
3．What would be the best title of the passage
A．Traffic rules in Ohio, US
B．Dangers of distracted driving
C．Simulated driving for students
D．Advantages of computer games
Ⅱ.完形填空
Survival in the Andes
On October 13,1972, a small plane flying to Chile accidentally crashed into a mountain in the Andes. How some of the passengers __4__ to live is one of the greatest survival stories ever told.
The survivors __5__ inside the remains of the plane, using seat covers for blankets, and waited for a __6__ that never came. Days turned into weeks. It was urgent to find a way to __7__. Three of the passengers — Canessa, Parrado, and Vizintin — volunteered to __8__ through the mountains to search for help. When they left, each man wore similar clothes: three pairs of socks, a plastic bag __9__ each foot to keep the water out, boots, four pairs of trousers, and four sweaters. Many of the clothes came from those who had died in the crash. The three men __10__ that they would survive and bring back help.
For part of the first day, they were glad to make some __11__. But as the land and weather changed, climbing became __12__. After several days, they reached what they thought was the top. They had __13__ this moment for days. On the other side of the top, they hoped, would be a __14__ leading down and out of the mountains. However, they saw the same snow-covered tops. All hope wasn't __15__. Although they were still in the middle of the mountains, Parrado __16__ two low tops far away that didn't have snow. If they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.
Within the following days they walked toward the two low tops. Little by little, the landscape began to change. Snow __17__ completely, and flowers were everywhere. “This is the valley，” Canessa said. “This is the way __18__.” Then things of humanity started to appear — a few cans on the ground, some farm animals in a field. By December 21, the extremely __19__ men made it to the town of Los Maitenes, and a rescue team was sent immediately to __20__ for the survivors who were still high in the Andes.
Finally all of the remaining survivors were __21__. The memories of the crash in the Andes would be with the friends forever, but for now, their terrible __22__ was over. They had made it out — __23__.
4．A.learned B．managed
C．decided D．expected
5．A.stayed B．looked
C．turned D．reached
6．A.present B．danger
C．message D．rescue
7．A.prepare B．continue
C．escape D．develop
8．A.journey B．compare
C．measure D．expand
9．A.against B．under
C．beside D．around
10．A.admitted B．promised
C．informed D．demanded
11．A.policy B．help
C．progress D．advice
12．A.narrower B．heavier
C．sharper D．tougher
13．A.imagined B．arranged
C．witnessed D．appreciated
14．A.court B．valley
C．border D．channel
15．A.sent B．left
C．lost D．kept
16．A.spotted B．counted
C．rejected D．mentioned
17．A.declined B．froze
C．spread D．disappeared
18．A.behind B．out
C．apart D．off
19．A.tired B．disappointed
C．frightened D．puzzled
20．A.fight B．call
C．search D．ask
21．A.listed B．treated
C．picked D．saved
22．A.performance B．experience
C．challenge D．exploration
23．A.free B．cool
C．alive D．crazy
Ⅲ.语法填空
The term “China-Chic” characterizes the rise of China's native fashion trends.It has expanded the concept of“Made in China”， which is usually regarded as the__1__(assure) of the quality of products.
In recent years，“Made in China”__2__(recognize) as the representation of Chinese culture offered by homegrown Chinese brands，or__3__(simple) “China-Chic”．The initial adaptation of the term “China-Chic” was similar to “Brit Style”， __4__represents a unique fashion trend mainly defined by the country's __5__ (vary) cultural elements.
Designers in the fashion industry were the first__6__(feature) traditional Chinese patterns，characters and crafting techniques in __7__ (they) newest collections.__8__ eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many had never seen before，quickly turning the collections into best sellers.Under such influence, young people gradually shifted their attention __9__ the cultures imported from Japan, South Korea and the West to traditional Chinese art and literature, __10__ (practice) Chinese calligraphy and musical instruments，such as guzheng.Module 3 课下主题训练 良好的人际关系与社会交往
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Many of us have heard of Alex Honnold, who made history in 2018 when he became the first man to climb EI Capitan without ropes or safety equipment.But his mother, Dierdre Wolownick, just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous peak: she reached the top on September 23rd — the morning of her 70th birthday.
Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided to take up climbing as a means of connecting more with her son.In 2008, accompanied by her son Alex, she visited a climbing gym and completed 12 routes that first day with his help, but it was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own.
Dierdre became committed to the sport, and began to meet friends and sharpen her skills.She scaled (攀登) parts of Half Dome Trail and Cathedral Peak at a time when many people at her age are thinking about retirement and slowing down.The writer would go on to publish a book about her climbing experiences with Alex called The Sharp End of Life: A Mother's Story.
“As a mother, I am impressed by this role exchange process.Parents and children often wind up changing roles in life as they get older，” she writes in her book.“But never, I thought, is that transformation as obvious as when they climb together.”
On September 23rd, Dierdre and her friends set out in the dark, at 6：00 am The route is steep (陡峭的) enough to require all-fours, grabbing rocks and trees and whatever else will hold the weight.Yet despite all difficulties, the team made it to the top.“It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us，” said one of Dierdre's friends.“There was a special look on everyone's face.We knew where we were.We knew how amazing the moment truly was.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了70岁的Dierdre Wolownick为了培养和儿子更亲密的关系，勇敢地挑战儿子的爱好——登山，并取得了不小的成就。
1．Why did Dierdre start climbing mountains
A．To know her son better.
B．To celebrate her birthday.
C．To seek writing inspiration.
D．To set an example for the old.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“decided to take up ... with her son”可 知， Dierdre之所以去登山是为了拉近和儿子的距离、更加了解儿子。
2．Which of the following best describes Dierdre
A．Patient. B．Courageous.
C．Intelligent. D．Generous.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“it was months ...on her own”和最后一段中的“despite all difficulties, the team made it to the top”可以看出，Dierdre很勇敢。
3．What does the last paragraph tell about Dierdre's climbing journey
A．It was worth the efforts.
B．It took days to be completed.
C．It was arranged on her own.
D．It required special equipment.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was really ...the moment truly was.”可以推断，Dierdre为登山所付出的努力是值得的。
4．What may be a suitable title for the text
A．Mountain Climbing Benefits Health
B．A Mother Goes Beyond Her Son's Wish
C．Climb Together, Bond Closer
D．Slow Down, Better Your Life
解析：选C 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了70岁的Dierdre为了更了解儿子Alex Honnold, 毅然选择参与到儿子喜欢的登山活动中，并取得了不小的成就，故C项“一起攀登，关系更近”适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Travelling is a great way to interact with a culture which might be completely different from your own.
__5__ Before I moved to Sicily I had travelled around the whole of Italy, the south and the north, and I absolutely fell in love with the culture and the language, so I was inspired to learn the language and also to move here. And here I am now, living in Sicily.
__6__ When you get back home you'll have lots of stories to tell your friends and family. Even if something isn't very fun, it will be funny to look back and laugh at those awkward or harsh moments. For example, I was travelling with a group of friends in Pisa and we took the wrong bus to get to the beach area, so we ended up being stuck in the rain and having to walk back.
When you travel, you expose yourself to different people. __7__ It's a great learning experience for both you and the other person because you can share and exchange your own ideas and opinions on a range of topics. For example, I met an Iranian philosopher and we talked about the magic of nature. A lot of his ideas were shaped by his Iranian background and Iranian philosophy. __8__
Travelling is the realization of home. __9__ Since I've been away from London, I've come to appreciate the little things that I used to take for granted, like our amazing transport — everything runs on time; everything runs well. So sometimes it takes being away from home to realize how much you absolutely love your hometown.
A．It was a really interesting discussion.
B．Travelling will make you a really good storyteller.
C．Travelling could enrich your awareness of the world.
D．They may have a completely different outlook on life.
E．We realize how much we miss our hometown when we travel.
F．Travelling might just convince (说服) you to move to another country.
G．Being away from home, we miss our friends and our family very much.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。旅行是与另外一种文化进行交流的好方法。作者通过讲述自己的经历来介绍旅行的好处；旅行可以让你成为一个可以分享故事的人；旅行可以遇到不同的人并交流观点和看法；旅行让你更爱自己的家乡。
5．选F 根据下文可知，作者在搬去西西里岛之前曾去意大利旅游，并爱上了它的文化和语言，因而受到鼓舞学习了那里的语言，最终搬到西西里岛居住。因此推断此处讲述旅行可以说服你搬到另一国家。故选F。
6．选B 根据空后一句可知，当你结束旅行回家时，你会有许多故事告诉你的朋友和家人，因此推断旅行让你成为可以讲述故事的人。故选B。
7．选D 根据空前一句和空后一句可知，当你旅行时，你会遇到不同的人。这对你和另一个人都是一个很好的学习经历，因为你们可以在一系列的话题上分享和交流自己的想法和观点。因此推断D项“他们或许对生活有完全不同的观点。”符合语境。故选D。
8．选A 根据空前两句可知，作者遇到了一个伊朗哲学家，他们讨论了大自然的神奇，这位伊朗哲学家的许多想法受到了他的伊朗背景和伊朗哲学的影响。因此推断这是一场真正有趣的讨论。故选A。
9．选E 根据下文“So sometimes it takes being away from home to realize how much you absolutely love your hometown.”可知，有时候远离家乡才会意识到你有多么爱你的家乡，因此推断E项“当我们旅行时，我们会意识到我们有多么思念家乡。”符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Li Hua，
In your last e-mail, you mentioned you felt frustrating at your small vocabulary. Now, I'd like to share you my ideas.
In fact, it's not such hard to build a large vocabulary — you have to keep at it daily, but pretty soon you will find you have an excellent vocabulary. One of the effective ways are to read good books and you'd better to read at least one good book a week. It's far good than any other method because you can improve your vocabulary while read an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you can learn new words and its usages unconsciously, which will help enlarge your vocabulary natural.
Yours，
Peter
答案：第一句：frustrating→frustrated
第二句：share后加with
第三句：such→so; but→and
第四句：are→is; 去掉better后面的to
第五句：good→better; read→reading
第六句：its→their; natural→naturally
Ⅳ.书面表达
假定你参加了学校举办的以“毕业季”为主题的征文比赛。请你给校英文报写一篇宣传稿，内容包括：
1．比赛目的；
2．参赛感受；
3．呼吁参加。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
An essay contest with the theme of “Graduation Season” is being held by our school, which is aimed at enriching students' extracurricular life and enabling them to cherish the remaining high school time.
The contest provides me with an opportunity to express my point of view about graduation.When I was writing, all the beautiful memories I had throughout my three years of life flooded in, and the expectations of the bright future brought me hope.
Every student is welcome to take part in the contest which is arranged from March 15th to April 15th.You can't miss the opportunity to note every bit of your graduation time down.Put pen to paper and submit your work.Module 3 课下主题训练 良好的人际关系与社会交往
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Many of us have heard of Alex Honnold, who made history in 2018 when he became the first man to climb EI Capitan without ropes or safety equipment.But his mother, Dierdre Wolownick, just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous peak: she reached the top on September 23rd — the morning of her 70th birthday.
Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided to take up climbing as a means of connecting more with her son.In 2008, accompanied by her son Alex, she visited a climbing gym and completed 12 routes that first day with his help, but it was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own.
Dierdre became committed to the sport, and began to meet friends and sharpen her skills.She scaled (攀登) parts of Half Dome Trail and Cathedral Peak at a time when many people at her age are thinking about retirement and slowing down.The writer would go on to publish a book about her climbing experiences with Alex called The Sharp End of Life: A Mother's Story.
“As a mother, I am impressed by this role exchange process.Parents and children often wind up changing roles in life as they get older，” she writes in her book.“But never, I thought, is that transformation as obvious as when they climb together.”
On September 23rd, Dierdre and her friends set out in the dark, at 6：00 am The route is steep (陡峭的) enough to require all-fours, grabbing rocks and trees and whatever else will hold the weight.Yet despite all difficulties, the team made it to the top.“It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us，” said one of Dierdre's friends.“There was a special look on everyone's face.We knew where we were.We knew how amazing the moment truly was.”
1．Why did Dierdre start climbing mountains
A．To know her son better.
B．To celebrate her birthday.
C．To seek writing inspiration.
D．To set an example for the old.
2．Which of the following best describes Dierdre
A．Patient. B．Courageous.
C．Intelligent. D．Generous.
3．What does the last paragraph tell about Dierdre's climbing journey
A．It was worth the efforts.
B．It took days to be completed.
C．It was arranged on her own.
D．It required special equipment.
4．What may be a suitable title for the text
A．Mountain Climbing Benefits Health
B．A Mother Goes Beyond Her Son's Wish
C．Climb Together, Bond Closer
D．Slow Down, Better Your Life
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Travelling is a great way to interact with a culture which might be completely different from your own.
__5__ Before I moved to Sicily I had travelled around the whole of Italy, the south and the north, and I absolutely fell in love with the culture and the language, so I was inspired to learn the language and also to move here. And here I am now, living in Sicily.
__6__ When you get back home you'll have lots of stories to tell your friends and family. Even if something isn't very fun, it will be funny to look back and laugh at those awkward or harsh moments. For example, I was travelling with a group of friends in Pisa and we took the wrong bus to get to the beach area, so we ended up being stuck in the rain and having to walk back.
When you travel, you expose yourself to different people. __7__ It's a great learning experience for both you and the other person because you can share and exchange your own ideas and opinions on a range of topics. For example, I met an Iranian philosopher and we talked about the magic of nature. A lot of his ideas were shaped by his Iranian background and Iranian philosophy. __8__
Travelling is the realization of home. __9__ Since I've been away from London, I've come to appreciate the little things that I used to take for granted, like our amazing transport — everything runs on time; everything runs well. So sometimes it takes being away from home to realize how much you absolutely love your hometown.
A．It was a really interesting discussion.
B．Travelling will make you a really good storyteller.
C．Travelling could enrich your awareness of the world.
D．They may have a completely different outlook on life.
E．We realize how much we miss our hometown when we travel.
F．Travelling might just convince (说服) you to move to another country.
G．Being away from home, we miss our friends and our family very much.
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Li Hua，
In your last e-mail, you mentioned you felt frustrating at your small vocabulary. Now, I'd like to share you my ideas.
In fact, it's not such hard to build a large vocabulary — you have to keep at it daily, but pretty soon you will find you have an excellent vocabulary. One of the effective ways are to read good books and you'd better to read at least one good book a week. It's far good than any other method because you can improve your vocabulary while read an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you can learn new words and its usages unconsciously, which will help enlarge your vocabulary natural.
Yours，
Peter
Ⅳ.书面表达
假定你参加了学校举办的以“毕业季”为主题的征文比赛。请你给校英文报写一篇宣传稿，内容包括：
1．比赛目的；
2．参赛感受；
3．呼吁参加。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Module 4 课下主题训练 对社会有突出贡献的人物
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The 2021 Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to the novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah, for his firm and passionate descriptions of the effects of colonialism(殖民主义) and the fate of the refugee (难民) in the gap between cultures and continents.
Born in Zanzibar in 1948, Gurnah arrived in England as a refugee in the late 1960s. At the age of 21, he began to write in English. He was Professor of English and Postcolonial Literature at the University of Kent. Canterbury before he retired.
Gurnah is the first black African author to have won the award since Wole Soyinka in 1986. He has published 10 novels and a number of short stories. The theme of the refugee's sufferings runs through his works. His 1994 novel Paradise, which told the story of a boy growing up in Tanzania in the early 20th century won the Booker Prize and marked his breakthrough as a novelist. And his most recent work Afterlives picks up the narrative of Paradise and takes place during the German colonization of Africa. His novels open our eyes to a culturally diversified East Africa unfamiliar to many in other parts of the world.
Gurnah said his award would mean issues such as the refugee crisis and colonialism, which he had experienced would be “discussed”. “These are things that are with us every day. People are dying: people are being hurt around the world — we must deal with these issues in the most kind way，” he said, “The world is much more violent than it was in the 1960s, so there is now greater pressure on the countries that are safe. They unavoidably draw more people.”
In an interview in 2016, when asked if he would call himself an “author of postcolonial and/or world literature”， Gurnah replied. “I would not use any of those words. I wouldn't call myself a something writer of any kind. In fact, I am not sure that I would call myself anything apart from my name.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是2021年诺贝尔文学奖被授予小说家Abdulrazak Gurnah 阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳 及其个人经历简介。
1．Which is the critical factor for Abdulrazak Gurnah to win the prize
A．His excellent writing skills.
B．His remarkable novel Paradise.
C．His deep love for his homeland.
D．His telling the colonialism truth.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，Abdulrazak Gurnah赢得该奖的关键因素是他讲述了殖民主义的真相。
2．What do we know about Abdulrazak Gurnah
A．He values his fame as a novelist.
B．He is the first black author to win the Nobel Prize.
C．He focuses mainly on the spread of Africa culture.
D．He arouses the public's attention on the refugee issue.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的第一句可知，他引起公众对难民问题的关注。
3．According to the passage, which of the following best describes Abdulrazak Gurnah
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and committed.
C．Responsible and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，Abdulrazak Gurnah讲述了殖民主义的真相，他是勇敢的 (courageous)；根据文章第三段的“He has published 10 novels and a number of short stories. The theme of the refugee's sufferings runs through his works.”可知，他是尽心尽力的(committed)。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．A Particular Life of Abdulrazak Gurnah
B．Abdulrazak Gurnah Awarded Nobel Prize
C．2021 Nobel Prize for Literature Announced
D．Abdulrazak Gurnah's Battle Against Colonialism
解析：选B 标题归纳题。根据文章主题段第一段以及后文对Abdulrazak Gurnah的个人经历和主要作品的介绍可知，文章主要讲的是Abdulrazak Gurnah获得诺贝尔奖。
B
Andrew Grey doesn't fit most people's idea of an astronomer.He works in a car repair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASA's Kepler space telescope.
Mr Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to science.
“This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in，” says Chris Lintott, an Oxford University astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and co-founder of Zooniverse, a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects.Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology to astrophysics.
“As long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project，” Lintott says.“Anyone can identify patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial.Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition.But humans, particularly amateur scientists, don't stay focused on what they're supposed to.And that's good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”
“And citizen science doesn't have to be directed by a scientist，” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University.“Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed them can also be citizen scientists，” she says.That's what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.
Citizen-powered research is as old as scientific inquiry.For centuries before science became professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from everyday people.
As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that we're intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help.”
语篇解读：数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学作出了贡献，但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。
5．What made citizen scientists appear
A．The high level of science projects.
B．The development of technology.
C．The support of the government.
D．The foundation of Zooniverse.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“only a few ordinary people ...to science”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。
6．What is an advantage of humans in pattern recognition compared with machines
A．Humans can identify patterns more swiftly.
B．Humans focus their attention on data.
C．Humans can observe uncommon things.
D．Humans have stronger emotions.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“And that's good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于能够注意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。
7．What is Lintott's attitude towards citizen science
A．Favorable. B．Cautious.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“People think that we're intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help.”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。
8．What would be the best title of the text
A．Citizen scientists can be intelligent
B．Science is important to everyone
C．Anyone can be a scientist
D．Science is everywhere
解析：选C 标题归纳题。文章第一段以澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于公民科学的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome help from everyday people”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Can creativity be taught That's a question without a simple yes or no answer. Creativity may not be able to be taught directly, but what you can get better at is frequently targeting the circumstances of life which bring up the greatest chances for true creative expression. __9__， but more like something which manifests (显现) itself inside those who learn to develop it and create the right conditions for it.
Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital. __10__. You'll be sharper than someone who merely fights with a larger set of tools.
Learn how to be resourceful. __11__. Creativity is not just about creating something new but making old things work better as well .Think of crazy possibilities as well as practical ones. You might find inspiration for a workable solution in one of your ideas.
Don't listen to feedback (反馈) and keep following your own path. The problem of asking for feedback is that the feedback will be given according to the person's past experience. Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as best. __12__. Just don't let criticism (even the constructing type) destroy your creativity during the creative process.
__13__. Routines are positive if they strengthen a healthy creative consciousness and negative if they destroy that. The key is to discover a creative routine that puts you in a more creative mindset.
A．Creativity is not like a lightning strike
B．Having a routine is actually not a bad idea
C．You can literally do anything you like with them
D．Resourcefulness is about making the most of what you have to work with
E．The more limited your set of tools is, the more creative the output will be
F．This is done with good intentions, but it actually hurts your natural creativity
G．While breaking your routine once in a while to force new ways of thinking is good
9．选A A项中的“is not like ...”与下文中的“but more like ...”构成“not ... but ...”句式，故答案为A项。
10．选E 空前一句中的“Limit”与E项中的“limited”相对应，故答案为E项。句意：把你的工具选择限制到最必要的程度。你的工具越有限，你的作品的创造性就越大。
11．选D 空前一句中的“resourceful”与D项中的“Resourcefulness”相对应，故答案为D项。句意：要学会机智。所谓机智就是充分利用你工作的工具。
12．选F F项中的“This”指空前一句内容，即别人会无意识地将你推向他们认为最好的方向。F项意为：这样做是出于好意，但实际上会破坏你的天生的创造力。
13．选B 根据空后一句中的“Routines”可推知答案应从B、G两项中选择。G项只能作从句使用，故排除G项。句意：有一个习惯并不坏。如果那些习惯可以增强健康的创造意识，那些习惯就是正面的；如果那些习惯破坏了创造意识，那些习惯就是负面的。Module 4 课下主题训练 对社会有突出贡献的人物
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The 2021 Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to the novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah, for his firm and passionate descriptions of the effects of colonialism(殖民主义) and the fate of the refugee (难民) in the gap between cultures and continents.
Born in Zanzibar in 1948, Gurnah arrived in England as a refugee in the late 1960s. At the age of 21, he began to write in English. He was Professor of English and Postcolonial Literature at the University of Kent. Canterbury before he retired.
Gurnah is the first black African author to have won the award since Wole Soyinka in 1986. He has published 10 novels and a number of short stories. The theme of the refugee's sufferings runs through his works. His 1994 novel Paradise, which told the story of a boy growing up in Tanzania in the early 20th century won the Booker Prize and marked his breakthrough as a novelist. And his most recent work Afterlives picks up the narrative of Paradise and takes place during the German colonization of Africa. His novels open our eyes to a culturally diversified East Africa unfamiliar to many in other parts of the world.
Gurnah said his award would mean issues such as the refugee crisis and colonialism, which he had experienced would be “discussed”. “These are things that are with us every day. People are dying: people are being hurt around the world — we must deal with these issues in the most kind way，” he said, “The world is much more violent than it was in the 1960s, so there is now greater pressure on the countries that are safe. They unavoidably draw more people.”
In an interview in 2016, when asked if he would call himself an “author of postcolonial and/or world literature”， Gurnah replied. “I would not use any of those words. I wouldn't call myself a something writer of any kind. In fact, I am not sure that I would call myself anything apart from my name.”
1．Which is the critical factor for Abdulrazak Gurnah to win the prize
A．His excellent writing skills.
B．His remarkable novel Paradise.
C．His deep love for his homeland.
D．His telling the colonialism truth.
2．What do we know about Abdulrazak Gurnah
A．He values his fame as a novelist.
B．He is the first black author to win the Nobel Prize.
C．He focuses mainly on the spread of Africa culture.
D．He arouses the public's attention on the refugee issue.
3．According to the passage, which of the following best describes Abdulrazak Gurnah
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and committed.
C．Responsible and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．A Particular Life of Abdulrazak Gurnah
B．Abdulrazak Gurnah Awarded Nobel Prize
C．2021 Nobel Prize for Literature Announced
D．Abdulrazak Gurnah's Battle Against Colonialism
B
Andrew Grey doesn't fit most people's idea of an astronomer.He works in a car repair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASA's Kepler space telescope.
Mr Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to science.
“This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in，” says Chris Lintott, an Oxford University astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and co-founder of Zooniverse, a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects.Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology to astrophysics.
“As long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project，” Lintott says.“Anyone can identify patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial.Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition.But humans, particularly amateur scientists, don't stay focused on what they're supposed to.And that's good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”
“And citizen science doesn't have to be directed by a scientist，” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University.“Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed them can also be citizen scientists，” she says.That's what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.
Citizen-powered research is as old as scientific inquiry.For centuries before science became professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from everyday people.
As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that we're intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help.”
5．What made citizen scientists appear
A．The high level of science projects.
B．The development of technology.
C．The support of the government.
D．The foundation of Zooniverse.
6．What is an advantage of humans in pattern recognition compared with machines
A．Humans can identify patterns more swiftly.
B．Humans focus their attention on data.
C．Humans can observe uncommon things.
D．Humans have stronger emotions.
7．What is Lintott's attitude towards citizen science
A．Favorable. B．Cautious.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
8．What would be the best title of the text
A．Citizen scientists can be intelligent
B．Science is important to everyone
C．Anyone can be a scientist
D．Science is everywhere
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Can creativity be taught That's a question without a simple yes or no answer. Creativity may not be able to be taught directly, but what you can get better at is frequently targeting the circumstances of life which bring up the greatest chances for true creative expression. __9__， but more like something which manifests (显现) itself inside those who learn to develop it and create the right conditions for it.
Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital. __10__. You'll be sharper than someone who merely fights with a larger set of tools.
Learn how to be resourceful. __11__. Creativity is not just about creating something new but making old things work better as well .Think of crazy possibilities as well as practical ones. You might find inspiration for a workable solution in one of your ideas.
Don't listen to feedback (反馈) and keep following your own path. The problem of asking for feedback is that the feedback will be given according to the person's past experience. Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as best. __12__. Just don't let criticism (even the constructing type) destroy your creativity during the creative process.
__13__. Routines are positive if they strengthen a healthy creative consciousness and negative if they destroy that. The key is to discover a creative routine that puts you in a more creative mindset.
A．Creativity is not like a lightning strike
B．Having a routine is actually not a bad idea
C．You can literally do anything you like with them
D．Resourcefulness is about making the most of what you have to work with
E．The more limited your set of tools is, the more creative the output will be
F．This is done with good intentions, but it actually hurts your natural creativity
G．While breaking your routine once in a while to force new ways of thinking is goodModule 5 课下主题训练 人与环境、人与动植物
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Being taken off the endangered species list doesn't guarantee a carefree future for whales.Recent research estimates that the population of Pacific gray whales off North America's West Coast has dwindled by almost a quarter since 2016.Starting in 2019, alarming numbers of dead gray whales were spotted on beaches and floating offshore throughout their habitat, from Mexico to Alaska.The National Marine Fisheries Service defined it as an “Unusual Mortality Event (UME)”．UMEs are declared when a “significant die-off” occurs and when information is collected to clarify why it occurs.
The Arctic has had historically low levels of sea ice in recent years, upending the delicate ecosystem that sustains gray whales.Like other migrants, they don't feed on their winter breeding grounds (繁殖地) or along their migration, and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the year.Observers using air photography noted the whales looked skinnier and arrived in Mexico in poor condition, which suggested they were not finding enough food during the summer.
This die-off is alarmingly similar to the events of 20 years ago, when another UME resulted in a significant drop in the gray whale population.Although the cause was ultimately undetermined, it was thought that the population reached “carrying capacity” — it grew too large for the environment to support it.Although that idea has been suggested for this die-off as well, it's more likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arctic.
Gray whales，hunted almost to extinction by the mid-20th century, were one of the first to be protected from hunting.The eastern North Pacific population rebounded without pressure from whaling and was taken off the endangered species list; the western North Pacific population is still listed as endangered.This die-off is a reminder that “delisting” doesn't indicate a population's secure future.New threats arise，climate change upends habitats, and continued monitoring is needed in case a crash comes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了灰鲸从濒危物种名单上除名并不能保证其在未来的发展中可以无忧无虑。
1．What does the underlined word “dwindled” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Increased. B．Bounced.
C．Multiplied. D．Dropped.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Starting in 2019 ...Mexico to Alaska.”可知，从2019年开始，从墨西哥到阿拉斯加，人们在海滩上和海上发现了数量惊人的死灰鲸。据此可知，画线词所在句说的是灰鲸数量的减少。
2．What will gray whales usually do in winter
A．Consume few calories.
B．Travel south to breed.
C．March back to Alaska.
D．Seek food in the Arctic.
解析：选B 推理判断题。 根据第二段中的“Like other migrants ...through the rest of the year.”可知，和其他迁徙者一样，它们不在冬季繁殖地或迁徙路线中进食，必须在夏季增加体重，以维持一年中余下的时间。根据第二段中的“Observers using air ...in poor condition”可知，使用空中摄影的观察人员注意到，这些鲸看起来更瘦了，且抵达墨西哥时身体状况很差。据此可推断出，灰鲸在冬天通常会南下到墨西哥繁殖。
3．What might be the main cause of the current UME
A．Serious illnesses.
B．Sea pollution.
C．Environmental changes.
D．Limited carrying capacity.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Although that idea ...of the Arctic.”可知， 虽然这种观点也被认为是相继死去的原因，但它更有可能被归咎于北极环境的变化。据此可知，当前UME的主要原因更可能是环境的变化。
4．What's the author's attitude to the “delisting”？
A．Favourable. B．Concerned.
C．Intolerant. D．Regretful.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“This die-off is ... population's secure future.”可知，这次相继死去提醒人们，“除名”并不意味着一个种群的未来就安全了。据此可知，作者对“除名”的态度是担忧的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was a winter night and I was in a foreign country.Though I knew everything here well, I might still __5__ other people to help me with __6__.
I took a midnight__7__from the capital to the city where I lived.I was trying not to __8__ as I would be home towards 2 am, but funnily enough I fell asleep and __9__ my eyes only when the train passed the __10__ where I was due to get off.The controllers told me to __11__ at the next station and wait for the train to my __12__ at 4 am I got off at the station but it looked like it would be __13__ to wait there alone for the next train.
One of the controllers__14__ there got off with me, saying he felt it was not safe to leave me there__15__.He invited me to get into his __16__ because it was__17__ outside.I was a bit doubtful, but I decided to __18__ him. Entering the car, we started talking.I told him that I had often __19__ this station, but never visited the city.So he __20__ me a short ride to see Reggia.I was completely shocked, but did not feel anything__21__.Therefore, I agreed.
Actually, I found it very__22__.He simply wanted me to see Reggia.He__23__ me around and at about 4 am he sent me back to the station.Up to now, I've always__24__ him with deep gratitude and respect.His help with the emergency made the winter night unforgettable and full of warmth.What I could do was just passing on the kindness in my life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身在异乡的作者得到了一名车站工作人员的帮助，这使作者度过了一个令人难忘且充满温暖的寒冷冬夜的故事。
5．A.wish B．enjoy
C．need D．persuade
解析：选C 根据下文中的“His help with the emergency made the winter night unforgettable and full of warmth.”可知，此处指虽然作者知道这里的一切，但他也可能仍然需要别人帮助处理紧急情况。
6．A.schedules B．luggage
C．difficulties D．emergencies
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
7．A.bus B．train
C．car D．plane
解析：选B 根据下文中的“when the train passed”可知，此处指作者从首都乘坐一列午夜火车到他居住的城市。
8．A.fall asleep B．fold in
C．pass away D．wake up
解析：选A 根据下文中的“but funnily enough I fell asleep”可知，此处指作者尽量不让自己睡着，因为作者要在凌晨2点下车。A项意为“睡着”，符合语境。
9．A.closed B．opened
C．hurt D．harmed
解析：选B 根据语境及下文中的“the train passed the ________where I was due to get off”可知，此处指作者刚睁开眼睛就知道自己坐过站了。
10．A.town B．hospital
C．school D．station
解析：选D 根据语境及下文中的“where I was due to get off ”及“the next station”可知，此处指作者坐的火车过站了。D项意为“车站”，符合语境。
11．A.fix up B．get off
C．pull away D．turn over
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处指火车工作人员们让作者在下一站下车。B项意为“下车”，符合语境。
12．A.village B．town
C．city D．country
解析：选C 根据上文中的“I took a midnight________ from the capital to the city where I lived.”可知，此处指火车工作人员让作者等下一趟前往他所住城市的火车。
13．A.dangerous B．crazy
C．useful D．important
解析：选A 根据下文中的“he felt it was not safe to leave me there”可知，此处指作者觉得一个人在车站等车很危险。
14．A.living B．standing
C．knowing D．helping
解析：选A 根据下文中的“He invited me to get into his ________ because it was________ outside.”及常识可知，此处指其中一名工作人员住在那里，所以这名工作人员和作者一起下了车。
15．A.bitter B．calm
C．alone D．delighted
解析：选C 根据上文中的“it would be________ to wait there alone for the next train”可知，此处指这个工作人员觉得把作者独自留在那里不安全。
16．A.room B．car
C．house D．office
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Entering the car”可知，此处指作者上了这名工作人员的车。
17．A.freezing B．cool
C．wet D．warm
解析：选A 根据上文中的“It was a winter night”并结合常识可知，此处指因为外面冷，工作人员邀请作者上了他的车。A项意为“冰冻的，严寒的”，符合语境。
18．A.watch B．respect
C．thank D．trust
解析：选D 根据上文中的“I was a bit doubtful”及下文中的“Entering the car”可知，此处指作者有一点怀疑，但还是决定相信工作人员并上了车。
19．A.entered B．went
C．passed D．jumped
解析：选C 根据下文中的“but never visited the city”及语境可知，此处指作者告诉这名工作人员他经常经过这个车站，但是没有去过这座城市。
20．A.offered B．started
C．told D．paid
解析：选A 根据上文中的“but never visited the city”及下文中的“He simply wanted me to see Reggia.”可知，此处指这名工作人员给作者提供了一个参观Reggia的机会。A项意为“提供”，符合语境。
21．A.positive B．negative
C．unforgettable D．sad
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Therefore, I agreed.”可知，此处指作者觉得没什么不好，所以同意了。B项意为“坏的，负面的”，符合语境。
22．A.annoying B．beautiful
C．disturbing D．nice
解析：选D 根据语境可知，此处指事实上，作者觉得它(参观这座城市)非常好。
23．A.cycled B．suspected
C．drove D．changed
解析：选C 根据上文中的“Entering the car”及“So he ________ me a short ride to see Reggia.”可知，此处指这名工作人员开车带作者游览这座城市。
24．A.forgotten B．visited
C．reminded D．remembered
解析：选D 根据下文中的“His help with the emergency made the winter night unforgettable and full of warmth.”可知，此处指直到现在，作者都记得自己对这名工作人员的感激和尊敬之情。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Many people love to travel. Like many people, travelling __1__ (interest) me as well. Travelling can satisfy people's curiosity and __2__ (broad) their horizons. What is it that about travelling people are seeking
It seemed impossible for me to travel abroad because it was __3__ (finance) difficult for me to afford it. Sure enough, I had been looking for an opportunity to fund it. I was blessed with __4__ scholarship at last, so that I was able to travel to Morocco in the hope of __5__ (get) an answer I was seeking. I have slept in the Sahara desert, travelled across the regions that were unfamiliar __6__ me, and went into homes that have educated families for many generations.
To tell you the truth, whatever you have experienced, you will never feel much sense of __7__ (achieve) because you will eventually be numb with the tourist life and beautiful scenery, but it is part of the process. Many months have passed and I have learned that the __8__ (value) moments I should cherish are those of staying with my families and friends. Moreover, I __9__ (realise) that travelling is without doubt something __10__ makes us separated from our families and friends ever since I experienced so much.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的旅行经历告诉我们：和重要的人一起经历的才是值得珍惜的。
1．interests 考查动词的时态和语态。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，且travelling和interest之间构成主谓关系，故填interests。
2．broaden 考查动词。所填词与satisfy并列作谓语，broad的动词形式是broaden, broaden one's horizons意为“开阔眼界”。
3．financially 考查副词。此句成分齐全，故填financially修饰形容词difficult。
4．a 考查冠词。此处scholarship是第一次提到，表示泛指，且scholarship是以辅音音素开始的单词，故用不定冠词a。
5．getting 考查非谓语动词。in the hope of doing sth.是固定用法，意为“怀着做某事的希望”。
6．to 考查介词。本句主语是the regions, sth. is unfamiliar to sb.是固定搭配，意为“为某人所不熟悉”。
7．achievement 考查名词。介词of后通常跟名词，much/a sense of achievement意为“成就感”。
8．valuable 考查形容词。所填词作定语，修饰名词moments，故填value的形容词形式valuable。
9．have realised 考查动词的时态和语态。句中有ever since时，从句谓语通常用一般过去时，主句谓语通常用现在完成时。
10．that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词是something，关系词通常用that。Module 5 课下主题训练 人与环境、人与动植物
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Being taken off the endangered species list doesn't guarantee a carefree future for whales.Recent research estimates that the population of Pacific gray whales off North America's West Coast has dwindled by almost a quarter since 2016.Starting in 2019, alarming numbers of dead gray whales were spotted on beaches and floating offshore throughout their habitat, from Mexico to Alaska.The National Marine Fisheries Service defined it as an “Unusual Mortality Event (UME)”．UMEs are declared when a “significant die-off” occurs and when information is collected to clarify why it occurs.
The Arctic has had historically low levels of sea ice in recent years, upending the delicate ecosystem that sustains gray whales.Like other migrants, they don't feed on their winter breeding grounds (繁殖地) or along their migration, and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the year.Observers using air photography noted the whales looked skinnier and arrived in Mexico in poor condition, which suggested they were not finding enough food during the summer.
This die-off is alarmingly similar to the events of 20 years ago, when another UME resulted in a significant drop in the gray whale population.Although the cause was ultimately undetermined, it was thought that the population reached “carrying capacity” — it grew too large for the environment to support it.Although that idea has been suggested for this die-off as well, it's more likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arctic.
Gray whales，hunted almost to extinction by the mid-20th century, were one of the first to be protected from hunting.The eastern North Pacific population rebounded without pressure from whaling and was taken off the endangered species list; the western North Pacific population is still listed as endangered.This die-off is a reminder that “delisting” doesn't indicate a population's secure future.New threats arise，climate change upends habitats, and continued monitoring is needed in case a crash comes.
1．What does the underlined word “dwindled” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Increased. B．Bounced.
C．Multiplied. D．Dropped.
2．What will gray whales usually do in winter
A．Consume few calories.
B．Travel south to breed.
C．March back to Alaska.
D．Seek food in the Arctic.
3．What might be the main cause of the current UME
A．Serious illnesses.
B．Sea pollution.
C．Environmental changes.
D．Limited carrying capacity.
4．What's the author's attitude to the “delisting”？
A．Favourable. B．Concerned.
C．Intolerant. D．Regretful.
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was a winter night and I was in a foreign country.Though I knew everything here well, I might still __5__ other people to help me with __6__.
I took a midnight__7__from the capital to the city where I lived.I was trying not to __8__ as I would be home towards 2 am, but funnily enough I fell asleep and __9__ my eyes only when the train passed the __10__ where I was due to get off.The controllers told me to __11__ at the next station and wait for the train to my __12__ at 4 am I got off at the station but it looked like it would be __13__ to wait there alone for the next train.
One of the controllers__14__ there got off with me, saying he felt it was not safe to leave me there__15__.He invited me to get into his __16__ because it was__17__ outside.I was a bit doubtful, but I decided to __18__ him. Entering the car, we started talking.I told him that I had often __19__ this station, but never visited the city.So he __20__ me a short ride to see Reggia.I was completely shocked, but did not feel anything__21__.Therefore, I agreed.
Actually, I found it very__22__.He simply wanted me to see Reggia.He__23__ me around and at about 4 am he sent me back to the station.Up to now, I've always__24__ him with deep gratitude and respect.His help with the emergency made the winter night unforgettable and full of warmth.What I could do was just passing on the kindness in my life.
5．A.wish B．enjoy
C．need D．persuade
6．A.schedules B．luggage
C．difficulties D．emergencies
7．A.bus B．train
C．car D．plane
8．A.fall asleep B．fold in
C．pass away D．wake up
9．A.closed B．opened
C．hurt D．harmed
10．A.town B．hospital
C．school D．station
11．A.fix up B．get off
C．pull away D．turn over
12．A.village B．town
C．city D．country
13．A.dangerous B．crazy
C．useful D．important
14．A.living B．standing
C．knowing D．helping
15．A.bitter B．calm
C．alone D．delighted
16．A.room B．car
C．house D．office
17．A.freezing B．cool
C．wet D．warm
18．A.watch B．respect
C．thank D．trust
19．A.entered B．went
C．passed D．jumped
20．A.offered B．started
C．told D．paid
21．A.positive B．negative
C．unforgettable D．sad
22．A.annoying B．beautiful
C．disturbing D．nice
23．A.cycled B．suspected
C．drove D．changed
24．A.forgotten B．visited
C．reminded D．remembered
Ⅲ.语法填空
Many people love to travel. Like many people, travelling __1__ (interest) me as well. Travelling can satisfy people's curiosity and __2__ (broad) their horizons. What is it that about travelling people are seeking
It seemed impossible for me to travel abroad because it was __3__ (finance) difficult for me to afford it. Sure enough, I had been looking for an opportunity to fund it. I was blessed with __4__ scholarship at last, so that I was able to travel to Morocco in the hope of __5__ (get) an answer I was seeking. I have slept in the Sahara desert, travelled across the regions that were unfamiliar __6__ me, and went into homes that have educated families for many generations.
To tell you the truth, whatever you have experienced, you will never feel much sense of __7__ (achieve) because you will eventually be numb with the tourist life and beautiful scenery, but it is part of the process. Many months have passed and I have learned that the __8__ (value) moments I should cherish are those of staying with my families and friends. Moreover, I __9__ (realise) that travelling is without doubt something __10__ makes us separated from our families and friends ever since I experienced so much.Module 6 课下主题训练 地球与宇宙奥秘探索
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Earth is far more alive than we previously thought, according to “deep life” studies that reveal a rich ecosystem beneath our feet that is almost twice the size of all the world's oceans.Despite extreme heat, no light and intense pressure, scientists estimate it has between 15 billion and 23 billion tonnes of microorganisms.“It's like finding a whole new reservoir (储藏) of life on Earth，” said Karen Lloyd, an associate professor at the University of Tennessee.
Results suggest 70 percent of Earth's bacteria and archaea exist in the subsurface.One organism found 2.5 kilometers below the surface has been buried for millions of years and may not rely at all on energy from the sun.Also, the methanogen (产甲烷菌) has found a way to create methane in this environment, which it may not use to reproduce or divide, but use to replace or repair broken parts.Lengths of their lives are completely different.Some microorganisms have been alive for thousands of years, barely moving except shifts in earthquakes or eruptions.They're just active inside, with less energy than people thought possible to support life.
The team consists of 1,200 scientists from 52 countries in disciplines ranging from geology and microbiology to chemistry and physics.A year before the conclusion of their study, they will preset the findings before the American Geophysical Union's annual meeting opens this week, which they say are made possible by technical advances on drills and microscopes.
The scientists have been wondering about the point beyond which life cannot exist, but the deeper they dig，the more life they find.There is a temperature maximum — currently 122 ℃， but they believe this record will be broken if they keep exploring and developing more advanced instruments.
Questions remain, including how the microbes interact with chemical processes and what this might reveal about how life and Earth coevolved.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一支由来自52个国家多个领域内的科学家组成的团队在距地球表面2.5公里的深处发现了大量微生物，该发现证明了地球深处蕴藏着丰富的生命。
1．What do the scientists find about the underground organisms
A．They can't reproduce and divide.
B．They're the oldest living things.
C．Some of them consume no energy.
D．Some of them almost always keep still.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ Some microorganisms have ...in earthquakes or eruptions.”可知，一些微生物已经存活数千年，很少移动，除非地震和火山爆发。由此可知，科学家发现一些地下微生物总是保持静止状态。
2．What can we learn about the research from Paragraph 3
A．It lasts for around one year.
B．It involves efforts from multiple fields.
C．It promotes technical development.
D．It is conducted in 52 countries.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The team consists ...chemistry and physics.”可知，这支团队由来自52个国家的1200名科学家组成，这些科学家来自地理学、微生物学、化学和物理学等多个领域。
3．Why do the scientists drill deep
A．To break their previous record.
B．To find the depth limit of life.
C．To discover more ancient microorganisms.
D．To detect the highest subsurface temperature.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The scientists have ...more life they find.”可知，科学家们一直想知道生命不能存在的深度极限，但他们挖得越深发现的生命越多。由此可知，科学家们往深处钻孔的目的是找到生命存在的深度极限。
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Earth's Depths Are Full of Life
B．Organisms Live Better Underground
C．Earth Is Far Beyond Human Exploration
D．Subsurface Life Differs From That on Land
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，地球深处是一个丰富的生态系统，有数百亿吨微生物。科学家们越往深处钻孔发现的生命越多。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了地球深处蕴藏了许多的生命。
B
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying — that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days — truly terrible days for some — astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘？这可能是你想象不到的。本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。
5．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space
A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Its position presents its own challenges.”可知，在太空中睡觉时，首先要面对的就是睡觉的姿势问题，这与A项中的position吻合。
6．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________.
A．their senses stop working
B．they have to stand up straight
C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D．their brains receive contradictory messages
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Your inner ear ...that's why some people feel sick.”可知，在太空中，你的内耳认为你要倒下，而眼睛却告诉你你在直立，也就是内耳和眼睛输出的信息是矛盾的，所以有些人会感到恶心，故选择D项。
7．One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is________.
A．how much exercise they do on the station
B．how they can remain healthy for long in space
C．whether they can recover after returning home
D．whether they are able to go back to the station
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“NASA is worried about two things ...”可知，NASA担心的是宇航员回家之后需要的恢复时间和怎样在两年半或更长时间的绕火星的旅行中保持体力和健康，这与B项中的remain healthy for long in space吻合，由此可知应该选择B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Most of the earth's freshwater sits underground. Tapping the groundwater has enabled farming in drier places. One example is the California Central Valley. __8__ Groundwater is what made this region's crop production so bountiful.
__9__ Natural waterways will begin to empty, which can hurt freshwater ecosystems, including surface water — rivers and streams, which will begin to flow into the groundwater aquifer (含水层). It will harm what is living in rivers and streams. Scientists consider this a tipping point. That's when small actions can begin having an unusually big impact.
A new study has found that 15 to 21 percent of tapped watersheds have reached the tipping point. __10__ Farmers in these areas mainly use groundwater to water their crops. At current pumping rates, it is predicted that 42 to 79 percent of watersheds will reach tipping points by 2050. “It's really quite alarming，” says Inge de Graaf, a hydrologist (水文学者) who studies the distribution and circulation of the earth's water. “Groundwater and surface water are closely linked. __11__”
A healthy groundwater aquifer protects ecosystems against seasonal ups and downs in the availability of water. __12__ Moreover, it will maintain the biodiversity in the area. In the long term, it will benefit the human beings.
A．Pumping much groundwater can be harmful.
B．That provides stability for area plants and animals.
C．The earth's water is all connected to one big circle.
D．That's where about one-fourth of the US food comes.
E．Most of those tapped rivers and streams are in dry regions.
F．However, much pumping at this rate creates a ticking time bomb.
G．It means there will be a shortage of freshwater for human beings.
8．选D 设空位于段中，与上文存在指代关系。D选项中的That指代上文中的the California Central Valley。
9．选A 设空位于段首，是本段主题句。下文围绕主题句展开叙述的。
10．选E 设空位于段中，对上文做进一步的解释说明。
11．选F 设空位于段尾，与上文存在转折关系，强调过度使用地下水造成的隐患。
12．选B 设空位于段中，与上文存在因果关系。良好的地下水含水层对地区动植物的稳定提供了保障。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Sir，
I am a student from the near school. Here I want to report the environmental situation for you. There used to many green trees and all kind of flowers in our school all the year round. The school looks like a beautiful garden and we had a clean studying environment. And everything has changed since your chemical factory was built a year before. Every day it produces lots of waste water and harm gases. The terrible pollution has been done great harm to our health. We all expect you factory can take measures to stop the pollution soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：第一句：near→nearby
第二句：for→to
第三句：used to后加be; kind→kinds
第四句：looks→looked
第五句：And→But; before→ago
第六句：harm→harmful
第七句：去掉been
第八句：you→yourModule 6 课下主题训练 地球与宇宙奥秘探索
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Earth is far more alive than we previously thought, according to “deep life” studies that reveal a rich ecosystem beneath our feet that is almost twice the size of all the world's oceans.Despite extreme heat, no light and intense pressure, scientists estimate it has between 15 billion and 23 billion tonnes of microorganisms.“It's like finding a whole new reservoir (储藏) of life on Earth，” said Karen Lloyd, an associate professor at the University of Tennessee.
Results suggest 70 percent of Earth's bacteria and archaea exist in the subsurface.One organism found 2.5 kilometers below the surface has been buried for millions of years and may not rely at all on energy from the sun.Also, the methanogen (产甲烷菌) has found a way to create methane in this environment, which it may not use to reproduce or divide, but use to replace or repair broken parts.Lengths of their lives are completely different.Some microorganisms have been alive for thousands of years, barely moving except shifts in earthquakes or eruptions.They're just active inside, with less energy than people thought possible to support life.
The team consists of 1,200 scientists from 52 countries in disciplines ranging from geology and microbiology to chemistry and physics.A year before the conclusion of their study, they will preset the findings before the American Geophysical Union's annual meeting opens this week, which they say are made possible by technical advances on drills and microscopes.
The scientists have been wondering about the point beyond which life cannot exist, but the deeper they dig，the more life they find.There is a temperature maximum — currently 122 ℃， but they believe this record will be broken if they keep exploring and developing more advanced instruments.
Questions remain, including how the microbes interact with chemical processes and what this might reveal about how life and Earth coevolved.
1．What do the scientists find about the underground organisms
A．They can't reproduce and divide.
B．They're the oldest living things.
C．Some of them consume no energy.
D．Some of them almost always keep still.
2．What can we learn about the research from Paragraph 3
A．It lasts for around one year.
B．It involves efforts from multiple fields.
C．It promotes technical development.
D．It is conducted in 52 countries.
3．Why do the scientists drill deep
A．To break their previous record.
B．To find the depth limit of life.
C．To discover more ancient microorganisms.
D．To detect the highest subsurface temperature.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Earth's Depths Are Full of Life
B．Organisms Live Better Underground
C．Earth Is Far Beyond Human Exploration
D．Subsurface Life Differs From That on Land
B
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying — that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days — truly terrible days for some — astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
5．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space
A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.
6．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________.
A．their senses stop working
B．they have to stand up straight
C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D．their brains receive contradictory messages
7．One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is________.
A．how much exercise they do on the station
B．how they can remain healthy for long in space
C．whether they can recover after returning home
D．whether they are able to go back to the station
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Most of the earth's freshwater sits underground. Tapping the groundwater has enabled farming in drier places. One example is the California Central Valley. __8__ Groundwater is what made this region's crop production so bountiful.
__9__ Natural waterways will begin to empty, which can hurt freshwater ecosystems, including surface water — rivers and streams, which will begin to flow into the groundwater aquifer (含水层). It will harm what is living in rivers and streams. Scientists consider this a tipping point. That's when small actions can begin having an unusually big impact.
A new study has found that 15 to 21 percent of tapped watersheds have reached the tipping point. __10__ Farmers in these areas mainly use groundwater to water their crops. At current pumping rates, it is predicted that 42 to 79 percent of watersheds will reach tipping points by 2050. “It's really quite alarming，” says Inge de Graaf, a hydrologist (水文学者) who studies the distribution and circulation of the earth's water. “Groundwater and surface water are closely linked. __11__”
A healthy groundwater aquifer protects ecosystems against seasonal ups and downs in the availability of water. __12__ Moreover, it will maintain the biodiversity in the area. In the long term, it will benefit the human beings.
A．Pumping much groundwater can be harmful.
B．That provides stability for area plants and animals.
C．The earth's water is all connected to one big circle.
D．That's where about one-fourth of the US food comes.
E．Most of those tapped rivers and streams are in dry regions.
F．However, much pumping at this rate creates a ticking time bomb.
G．It means there will be a shortage of freshwater for human beings.
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Sir，
I am a student from the near school. Here I want to report the environmental situation for you. There used to many green trees and all kind of flowers in our school all the year round. The school looks like a beautiful garden and we had a clean studying environment. And everything has changed since your chemical factory was built a year before. Every day it produces lots of waste water and harm gases. The terrible pollution has been done great harm to our health. We all expect you factory can take measures to stop the pollution soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
