(共96张PPT)
选择性必修②
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌
3．pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒
4．suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
5．blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n. 责备；指责
6．handle n. 把手；拉手；柄
vt. 处理；搬动；操纵
(车辆、动物、工具等)
7．link n. 联系；纽带
vt. 把……连接起来；相关联
8．raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
9．decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量
vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等) 减少；减小；降低
10．thinking n. 思想；思维；见解
11．cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房
12．virus n. 病毒
13．finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
14．solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的
n. 固体
15．cast vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；
投掷
16．shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处
17．rainbow n. 彩虹
18．pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
19．jet n. 喷气式飞机
20．trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出
n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
21．outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的
22．besides prep. 除……之外(还)
adv. 而且；此外
23．fault n. 弱点；过错
24．shift n. 改变；转换；轮班
vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．cholera n. 霍乱
2．diarrhoea n. 腹泻
3．dehydration n. 脱水
4．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
5．subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
6．multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的
7．household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套) 房子的人
8．substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
9．statistic n. [pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
10．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态
vi. 改变；转变
11．epidemiology n. 流行病学
12．microscope n. 显微镜
13．protein n. 蛋白质
14．vaccine n. 疫苗
15．framework n. 框架；结构
16．concrete n. 混凝土
adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
17．plasma n. 血浆
18．aerospace n. 航空航天工业
19．patriotic adj. 爱国的
20．mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的
21．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工
22．aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行
23．missile n. 导弹
24．abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的
n. (文献等的)摘要
25．concept n. 概念；观念
26．astronomer n. 天文学家
27．astronomy n. 天文学
28．telescope n. 望远镜
29．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
30．furthermore adv. 此外；再者
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．frustrate vt.使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧→ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→ adj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→ n．
懊丧；懊恼；沮丧
2．infect vt.使感染；传染→ n．感染；传染
3．prove vt.证明→ n．证据；证明；检验
frustrated
frustrating
frustration
infection
proof
4．intervene vt.介入；出面；干扰→ n．介入；出面；干涉
5．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→ vt.使纯净；使洁净
6．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→ adv.开始；最初
7．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→ n．防御；防务
8．assist vt.帮助；援助→ n．助理；助手→ n．帮助；援助
intervention
purify
initially
defence
assistant
assistance
9．lead v．领导；导致；通向→ n．领导者→ n．领导；领导地位；领导才能→ adj.最重要的；一流的
10．gift n．礼物；才能→ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
11．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→ adv.稳定地；坚固地
12．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→ adv.生动地
leader
leadership
leading
gifted
steadily
vividly
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.-ing后缀变名词集结
①thinking 思想；思维
②painting 绘画
③feeling 感情
④building 建筑
⑤advertising 广告业
⑥farming 农业
2.词根trans-的衍生词荟萃
①transform v． (使)改变
②translate v. 翻译
③transplant v. 移植
④transmit v. 传播；传送
⑤transport v. 运输
n. 交通运输系统
⑥transparent adj. 透明的
3.“此外；而且”聚焦
①besides adv. ②furthermore adv.
③moreover adv. ④additionally adv.
⑤in addition ⑥what's more
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 最终地；彻底地
2． 总的来说
3． 同意；赞同
4． 幸亏；由于
5． 处理；应对；涉及；与……打交道
6． 依靠；信赖；取决于
once and for all
in general
subscribe to
thanks to
deal with
depend on/upon
7． 履行；执行
8． 平静下来
9． (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)
突然开始；爆发
10． 主管；掌管
11． 患(病)；染上(小病)
12． 最重要的是；尤其是
carry out
calm down
break out
in charge of
come down
above all
[联想串记]
1.表示“因为；由于”的短语
thanks to owing to because of
due to on account of
2.carry的相关短语
carry out 履行；执行 carry on 继续；进展
carry away 带走 carry through 完成
carry off 成功地对付；赢得；获得
3.all的相关短语
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
all in all 总的来说
in all 总共；合计
after all 毕竟；终究
all at once 突然
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．so that引导目的状语从句
教材原句 Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
推荐佳句 ①He surfed the school's website so that he could get more information about the school.
他浏览了学校网站，以便能够获取有关学校更多的信息。
②(新教材北师大版必修3佳句)People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.
人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。
续表
2．be likely to do
教材原句 The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。
推荐佳句 ①You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
＝It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
如果你继续吸烟，你的健康可能会受到损害。
②(新教材北师大版选择性必修3佳句)They are also less likely to be troubled by internal problems.他们也很少为自身问题所困扰。
3.make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.
曹晟康认为这将使这次徒步旅行更有意义。
②(新教材译林版选择性必修1佳句)In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.
从广义上说，治愈系食物指的是任何能改善我们心情的食物。
续表
4．what引导的宾语从句
教材原句 He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.
他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国乙卷)I really want to be there at the Olympics and do what I did before.
我真的很想参加奥运会，做我以前做过的事情。
②(新教材译林版必修1佳句)I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.
我迫不及待地想要向你们描述高中生活的模样。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“悲伤”
Wordlessly, Holly sat in the car on the way home. Upon arriving home, Holly sank slowly into the sofa motionlessly, crossing her fingers on her lap, with sorrow and regret written all over her tear-stained face. Half confused, half concerned, I softly asked her what was up. Hesitating for a moment, she murmured, “I threw away the carpet.” Meanwhile, large bright drops of tears rolled heavily down her cheeks.
霍莉一言不发地坐在回家的车里。一回到家，霍莉慢慢地瘫倒在沙发上，一动不动，交叉她的手指在她的腿上，悲伤和遗憾写满了她泪痕斑斑的脸。我半是困惑，半是担心，轻轻地问她发生了什么事。她犹豫了一会儿，喃喃地说：“我把地毯扔了。”与此同时，大颗大颗明亮的泪珠从她的脸颊上滚落下来。
[点评] 本段中使用了“Wordlessly, sank slowly into, motionlessly，with sorrow and regret，tear-stained face, murmured, tears rolled heavily down”等词块生动形象地描写了霍莉在回家的路上以及到家后的悲伤心情。常用的表示“悲伤的”的词汇有sad, sorrow, grief, in sadness/sorrow/grief, cry, sob, burst into tears, can't help crying bitterly等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If untreated, the illness can become (十分严重的)．
2．She (怀疑) that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't.
3．He seemed to be the only person to (责备)and was removed from his position.
severe
suspected
blame
4．(2022·全国乙卷)That way, there'll always be people here to (处理) customer inquiries phone calls and so on.
5．Derartu is an (优秀的) athlete and deserves to win.
6．There is no perfect person.Don't always find (过错) with him.
handle
outstanding
fault
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and________ (frustrate)．
2．One theory is that the (infect) has been present in humans for a very long time.
3．I subscribe various newspapers and magazines every year.
4．That is one (intervene) about every 8,047 km of autonomous driving.
frustrated
infection
to
intervention
5．Some officers are trained to defend themselves attacks.
6．Frank Hurley, a confident and (gift) photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images.
7．China's image is improving (steady), with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.
8．Confident and brave, she (vivid) brought the character to life.
against/from
gifted
steadily
vividly
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We have to handle this matter .
2．Tom with a flu and had to stay home.
3．She implied that she was the one the whole project.
4．We must work and we must believe in ourselves.
once and for all， subscribe to， thanks to， break out， in charge of， come down， above all， depend on
once and for all
came down
in charge of
above all
5．We three papers so as to keep up with current events.
6．From then on, mother and daughter have each other for survival.
7． the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.
8．When the pandemic ,the family returned to her ancestral village to wait out the pandemic.
subscribed to
depended on
Thanks to
broke out
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)我迅速地在人群中搜寻学校的教练，问他发生了什么事。(what引导的宾语从句)
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him .
2．(完成句子)当我知道我们很可能会得救时，我欣喜若狂。(be likely to do)
My heart leaped with joy as I knew we .
what had happened
were likely to be saved
3．(完成句子)(2021·全国乙卷)在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
It's not difficult to at a dinner party.
4．(一句多译)为了让她受到良好的教育，她的父母做出了很多牺牲。
①Her parents made many sacrifices_______________________________
.(so that)
②Her parents made many sacrifices_______________________________
.(in order that)
make yourself interesting
so that she could have a good
in order that she could have a good
education
education
5．Tu Youyou was born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.Tu Youyou studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.
→ ,Zhejiang Province, Tu Youyou studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.(用过去分词短语作状语合并句子)
Born in 1930 in Ningbo
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
(单句语法填空)
①A student should link what he reads what he sees around him.
②The interest of individuals is inseparably linked that of the country.
with
with
③Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters
(link) to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
linked
系统归纳 (1)link A with B 把A和B结合起来
(2)link up (with ...) (与……)连接；结合；使连接；使结合
(3)be linked to/with 与……有联系
微点提醒 “联系”的多样表达：
connect ...to ... 把……连接到……
connect ...with ... 把……和……联系起来
be connected with 与……有关系
be related to 与……有关系
2．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
(单句语法填空)
①Her friends came to help her when the war broke .
②(2021·浙江高考读后续写) Really, the truck my dad drove often broke
on the way, which made my dad in trouble.
③Sadly, our friendship finally broke but Jessica taught me a lot.
out
down
up
④The sun broke the clouds and jumped out of the sea.
⑤As the chairman came in, the crowd broke loud applause.
⑥Among the painters who broke away the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
through
into
from
系统归纳 break up 解散；破碎；结束
break through 突破；冲破
break away (from) (从……)脱离；逃脱
break in 强行进入；插话
break down 出故障；失败；(身体)垮掉
break into 强行进入(某处)；突然开始(笑、唱等)
微点提醒 break out, take place, happen, occur 都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。
3．depend on/upon依靠；信赖；取决于
(单句语法填空)
①(2022·全国乙卷)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, (depend) on the sugar content.
②You may depend on that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
③He depends on his parents (take) care of his children.
depending
it
to take
系统归纳 (1)depend on/upon sb.to do sth.＝depend on sb./sb.'s doing sth.
依靠/指望某人做某事
depend on it that从句 相信；指望
depend on sb.for sth. 依靠某人提供某物
(2)It/That (all) depends. 那得看情况。
微点提醒 rely on, depend on/upon, see to等短语后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，通常要用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在后面。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．由连接词that, whether引导的表语从句
(单句语法填空)
①The teacher's requirement is we should recite the passage in twenty minutes.
②The question remains we should make a change in our plan.
that
whether
③What Tom's parents really doubt is he will recover from the serious disease soon.
④The reason for the car accident is the driver was drunk.
whether
that
2．由连接代词引导的表语从句
(单句语法填空)
①America was was first called “India” by Columbus many years ago.
②Willpower is a kind of quality, which is it takes to do anything well.
③The problem is will take charge of this department.
what
what
who
3．由连接副词引导的表语从句
(单句语法填空)
①The most exciting moment in my life was I was given the first prize.
②You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I agree.
③We are used to leisure.The question is we can get out of our comfort zone.
④An accident happened on the main road.That was traffic seemed to slow down suddenly.
when
where
how
why
4．由连接词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He has made so many mistakes.That is he is too careless.
②It sounds someone is knocking at the door.
听上去好像有人在敲门。
because
as if/though
[谨记规则]
(1)that, whether引导表语从句时，that无实际意义，只起连接作用，而whether有意义，意为“是否”。此时主句的主语通常是抽象名词，如problem，result，chance，suggestion，question，reason等，表示对主句主语进行解释说明等。
(2)连接代词who，what，which，whose，whom，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等引导表语从句时，在表语从句中有意义，且在句子中担任成分，不能省略。
(3)连接副词when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等引导表语从句时，连接副词有具体含义，且在从句中作状语。
(4)连接词because, as if/as though等引导表语从句时，as if/though引导的表语从句通常跟在seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等动词之后。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
常见考法 (1)blame sb./sth.for sth. 因某事责备某人/某物
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
(2)get/take the blame for ... 为……承担责任
lay/put the blame on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某物
升维考法 be to blame for sth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame___
the alarm clock.
on
for
?细练升维考法(完成句子/一句多译)
③To be honest, it was Su's fault, but Li .
老实说，这是苏的错，但李也有责任。
④因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，简的情绪很低落。
→(普通表达) Jane was in low spirits because she the breakdown of the school computer network.
→(高级表达) the breakdown of the school computer network, Jane was in low spirits.(分词短语作状语)
was blamed for
Blamed for
was also to blame
2．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
常见考法 (1)defend ...from/against 保护……免受；防御
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)defence n． 防御；保卫；防御能力；防御物
in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
(3)defensive adj. 防御的；保卫的；保护的
升维考法 与defend ...from/against用法类似的还有：prevent/stop ...(from), keep ...from, protect ...from/against等，上述短语若用于被动语态，from都不可省略。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the_________ (defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
②(2020· 天津高考)“Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended_______ (she)．
③They help the body defend itself some kinds of infections.
defensive
herself
against
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
专家认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。
④Experts think that students should be trained to______________________ some attacks.(defend)
⑤Experts think that students should be trained some attacks.(defence)
⑥Experts think that students should be trained to______________________ some attacks.(protect)
defend themselves against
in defence of
protect themselves against
3．in charge of 主管；掌管
常见考法 in charge 负责
in the charge of 由……负责
take charge of 负责
free of charge 免费
升维考法 in charge of主管；掌管(主语一般是人)，in the charge of由……负责(主语一般是物)。类似用法的短语还有in possession of“拥有”，in the possession of“被……拥有”等。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I am Li Hua，a student charge of the English program “Talk and Talk”．
②(2021·天津高考) He offered to fix bikes free charge for anyone who needed it.
③We need someone to take charge our physical training.
in
of
of
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
我感到很荣幸负责下周举行的这项活动。
④I feel honored to be this activity to be held next week.
⑤I feel honored to this activity to be held next week.
⑥It is an honor that this activity to be held next week will be_____________ me.
in charge of
take charge of
in the charge of
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
so that引导目的状语从句
(1)so that 可引导目的状语从句，作“以便；为的是”讲，从句中通常用may (might)或can (could)。
(2)in order that也可引导目的状语从句，但so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
(3)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或in order to/so as to句型。
(4)so that 也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①He cried loudly so as to be heard by others.
→He cried loudly .(so that)
②She asked for the woman's name and address so as to repay her.
→She asked for the woman's name and address .
(so that)
so that he could be heard by others
so that she could repay her
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③他受伤很重，因此无法参加比赛。
He injured severely .
④人们应该减少他们的碳足迹，以便更好地保护环境。
People should reduce their carbon footprint____________________________
.
so that he was unable to participate in the match
so that/in order that they can
protect the environment better
2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted(分心)driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas.” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior，” said Félix W．Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said，“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的立法者提出使用Textalyzer(短信监控器)的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
1．Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.
C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段中的“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”可知，大多数州禁止司机开车时发短信，使用了各种各样的方法来说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法都是无效的。ineffective意为“无效的”。
2．What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A．Where a driver came from.
B．Whether a driver used their phone.
C．How fast a driver was going.
D．When a driver arrived at the scene.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.”可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及做过其他免提驾驶法不允许的事情。
3．What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Advice. B．Data.
C．Tests. D．Laws.
答案：D
解析：代词指代题。画线词所在的句子的意思是“我们需要一些能改变人们行为的有案可查的东西。”由此可知，something指能够改变人们的行为的有案可查的东西。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, ‘people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.’”可知， something指代的是法律。
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B．Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C．New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D．The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。纵观全文，第一段至第三段阐述的是虽然大多数州禁止司机开车时发短信，可是问题却越来越严重。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题，纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法，即利用Textalyzer技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案，由此才能真正改变人们的行为。由此可知，选项B适合做文章的标题。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第1题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos.______________
②(一词多义)Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. ________
给……发短信
急剧地
③(一词多义)So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving._____
④(一词多义)If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said，“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.” _____
方法
法案
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①a wide range of ___________________
②put down _____
③behind the wheel _______
④refer to _____
⑤treat ...like ... ___________________
⑥push for _____
⑦put one's hands on _________
多种多样的；广泛的
放下
在驾驶
提到
像……一样对待……
推动
把手放在
三、寻结构破长句
1．Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
抓标志：并列连词 ；从属连词_____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们 。
and
when
在开车时放下手机
2．The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
抓标志：连接词 ；关系代词____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：这项技术可以确定 ，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许做的其他事情。
whether
that
司机是否刚刚发了短信、发了邮件
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
赏析：作者使用了fall和rise一对互为反义词的动词，以及副词sharply，客观描述了开车时使用手机造成交通事故急剧上升这一事实，为下文介绍Textalyzer这一科技产品做好了铺垫。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①The number of these precious species has been decreasing__________ (sharp)at an alarming rate, which leaves them at the edge of extinction.
②“What？”asked Caroline, her voice (rise)with alarm.
sharply
rising
2.(赏结构之美)Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos.
赏析：句中while引导时间状语从句，省略了they are; as well as，连接并列成分using social networks and taking photos，描述了美国人在开车时发短信，使用社交网络和拍照等不良行为。句式结构紧凑，语言凝练。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①When (ask) if he ever could have imagined such a response, Middleton said “never in this lifetime.”
②Washing dishes made me tired out.
洗碗和努力跟上我的学习使我精疲力尽。
asked
as well as trying to keep up with my study
3.(赏逻辑之美)If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said，“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
赏析：条件状语从句说明了法案成为法律是纠正人们不良驾驶习惯的前提，比较级more afraid与上文描述的人们对禁令的无视形成鲜明对比。句子表意清晰，上下文衔接紧密。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共106张PPT)
UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．recall vt.&vi. 记起；回想起
2．tutor n. (英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师
3．cite vt. 引用；引述
4．engage vi. 参加；参与(活动)
vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)
5．edition n. (报纸、杂志)一份；
(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次
6．zone n. (有别于周围的)地区；地带；区域
7．firm n. 公司；商行；事务所
adj. 结实的；牢固的；坚定的
8．insight n. 洞察力；眼光
9．setting n. 环境；背景；(小说等的)情节背景
10．grasp vt. 理解；领会；抓紧
11．expense n. 费用；花费；开销
12．mature adj. 成熟的
13．boom vi.&n. 迅速发展；繁荣
14．deny vt. 否认；否定；拒绝
15．gain vt. 获得；赢得；取得；增加
n. 好处；增加
16．angle n. 角；角度；立场
17．outlook n. 前景；可能性；观点
18．belt n. 腰带；地带
19．budget n. 预算
20．outcome n. 结果；效果
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．complex adj. 复杂的；难懂的；(语法)复合的
2．messenger n. 送信人；信使
3．overwhelming adj. 无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的
4．homesickness n. 思乡病；乡愁
5．advisor n. 顾问
6．departure n. 离开；启程；出发
7．dramatic adj. 巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的
8．tremendous adj. 巨大的；极大的
9．optimistic adj. 乐观的
10．perspective n. (思考问题的)角度；观点
11．envoy n. 使者；使节；代表
12．initiative n. 倡议；新方案
13．sincerely adv. 真诚地；诚实地
14．logical adj. 合乎逻辑的；合情合理的
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→ adj.有资格的；合格的；胜任的→ n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
2．ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ adj.有野心的；有雄心的
3．adapt v．(使)适应；改编→ n．适应；改编本
qualified
qualification
ambitious
adaptation
4．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→ adj.舒适的；舒服的→ adj.(反义词)不舒服的；不舒适的→ adv.舒服地；自在地
5．participate vi.参加；参与→ n．参加；参与→___________ n．参加者；参与者
6．present v．呈现→ n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出
comfortable
uncomfortable
comfortably
participation
participant
presentation
7．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→ adj.有关的；卷入的→ n．参与；投入；插手
8．motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励→ adj.积极的；主动的→ n．动力；积极性；动机
9．reason n．原因；理由 vt.推理；思考→ adj.有道理的；合情理的
involved
involvement
motivated
motivation
reasonable
10．expect v．预料；等待；期待→ n.期望；预期；期待
11．apply v．申请；应用；使用→ n．申请；申请书；应用→_________ n．申请人
12．expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) → n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露
expectation
application
applicant
exposure
13．behave vt.表现vi.&vt.表现得体；有礼貌→ n．行为；举止
14．surround v．包围；环绕→ adj.周围的；附近的→_____________ n．[pl.]环境；周围的事物
15．depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁→ adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→ __________n．抑郁；沮丧
behavior
surrounding
surroundings
depressed
depression
16．strong adj.强壮的；坚强的；结实的→ n．强项；长处；力量→ vi.&vt.加强；增强；巩固
17．competent adj.有能力的；称职的→ n.能力；胜任；本领
18．cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合→ n．合作；协作
strength
strengthen
competence
cooperation
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.-ous后缀形容词分辨清
①ambitious 有雄心的
②dangerous 危险的
③cautious 小心的；谨慎的
④humorous 幽默的
⑤poisonous 有毒的
⑥mountainous 多山的
2.多变“环境”要适应
①surroundings n． 环境
②circumstance n. 环境；状况
③settings n. 环境；背景
④environment n. 环境
⑤situation n. 环境特点；状况
⑥condition n. 条件；环境；状况
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 建立；设立
2． 轮流做某事
3． 参加；参与
4． 大声点说；明确表态
5． 舒服自在；不拘束
set up
take turns to do sth.
participate in
speak up
feel at home
6． 参与；卷入；与……有关联
7． 首先
8． 导致；有助于
9． 和……合作
10． 支持；站在……的一边
get involved in
to begin with
contribute to
cooperate with
side with
11． 据我所知
12． 就我而言；依我看来
13． 总的来说；总之
14． 一般来说
as far as I know
as far as I am concerned
in summary
generally speaking
[联想串记]
1.set的相关短语
set up 建立；设立
set about 动身；出发
set out 动身；出发；摆放
set down 写下；记下；让某人下车
set off 出发；动身；引起；使爆炸
2.名词turn的相关短语
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
by turns 依次；轮流
in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
it's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
3.speak的相关短语
speak up 大声点说；明确表态
speak out 公开表白；大胆说出
speak highly of 高度赞扬
speak of 谈到；论及
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．It is/was the first/second ...time (that)句型
教材原句 It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷写作)This is my first time that I have invited you to attend our program —Talk and Talk.
这是我第一次邀请你参加我们的节目——Talk and Talk。
推荐佳句 ②(新教材北师大版选择性必修2佳句)It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word — a word for something she couldn't touch.
那是海伦第一次明白复杂词语的意思，一个她触摸不到的抽象词语。
续表
2．疑问词＋不定式
教材原句 “I didn't know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled.
“我不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。
推荐佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)She teaches us not only how to gain knowledge but also how to behave well.
她不仅教给我们如何获得知识，而且教我们如何行为得体。
②(新教材译林版必修3佳句)Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？
3．be to do
教材原句 “My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation，”
she explained.
“我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。”她解释道。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)To protect oceans is to protect ourselves.
保护海洋就是保护我们自己。
②(新教材外研版必修1佳句)The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.
第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。
4．do 表示强调
教材原句 A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to!
最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！
推荐佳句 ①(2021·全国甲卷书面表达)Guzheng does mean great importance to Chinese folk music, leading you to a fantastic world of music.
古筝的确对中国民族音乐很重要，将你带入一个美妙的音乐世界。
②(新教材译林版必修2佳句)But, I do remember the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world.
但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“愤怒”
My inner anger was like a growing monster, uncontrollably driving me to the edge of madness. Before I realized it, I was sobbing in my sister's room, with bullets of words firing through my mouth, expressing my long-buried dissatisfaction towards her absence from my snow shoveling experiences. The house seemed to be holding its breath when I stopped my accusation, still weeping.
我内心的愤怒就像一个不断增长的怪物，不受控制地把我逼到了疯狂的边缘。在我意识到它之前，我正在姐姐的房间里抽泣，像子弹一样的话语从我的口中射出，表达着藏在我心里很久的对她缺席我铲雪经历的不满。当我停止控诉仍然在哭泣时，整座房子似乎都在屏住呼吸。
[点评] 本段中使用了“like a growing monster”与“with bullets of words firing through my mouth”两处比喻的修辞手法和“uncontrollably driving me to the edge of madness”夸张的修辞手法，形象地刻画了作者内心极大的愤怒。常用的描写人物愤怒的词汇有：anger, annoy, irritate, furious, with anger, be angry with sb.等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Then I (回想起) good times spent with Amy and how she managed to help me out whenever I was in trouble.
2．Nowadays, many people rarely (参加) in regular exercise.
3．These texts give the readers an (洞察力) into the Chinese mind.
recalled
engage
insight
4．Taking a deep breath, Louise stepped forward and (抓住) the hands of Pisano tightly.
5．With food our biggest weekly household (花费), Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)After a while, she apologized for the way she_________ (表现) at the beginning.
7．We knew we both wanted to be in each other's company. We promised to grow (成熟的) and let it not affect our friendship.
grasped
expense
behaved
mature
8．She was always curious about my life and (乐观的) about everything she faced though she had a rare disease.
9．(2021·天津高考)Meanwhile, the kids have (获得) a sense of accomplishment.
10．After hearing this satisfactory (结果), Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness surging through him.
optimistic
gained
outcome
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I'm a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am________ (qualify) for the position.
2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly (ambition) sportsmen.
3．Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the (comfort) climate for business creation.
qualified
ambitious
comfortable
4．Your (participate) is highly anticipated and appreciated!
5．There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become________(involve), including workshops and events.
6．With high (motivate) and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning.
participation
involved
motivation
7．The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his____________ (expect)．
8．The more we're (expose) to the good and the bad, the better we are at telling the difference.
9．The village itself is pretty, but the (surround) countryside is rather dull.
expectation
exposed
surrounding
10．To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
11．(2020·天津高考)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to (depress) and even crimes.
12．Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and (competent)．
strengthen
depression
competence
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Above all, if you are having any technical difficulty.
2．The Chinese family go out of their way to make you .
3．No matter what you determine to do, I would your decision.
participate in/get involved in， speak up， feel at home， side with， generally speaking，as far as I am concerned， contribute to， cooperate with
speak up
feel at home
side with
4．Working in small groups is a good way to learn how to_______________ others.
5．As is known to all, honesty and hard work success and happiness.
6． ,I think private cars have more advantages than disadvantages.
cooperate with
contribute to
As far as I am concerned
7．The warmer a place is, ,the more types of plants and animals it will usually support.
8．I sincerely invite you to the “National Day” English speaking competition, serving as a judge.
generally speaking
participate in/get involved in
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)这是他第一次全心全意地接受他的第二个家。(it was the first time that)
wholeheartedly accepted his second home.
2．(完成句子)他只上了六年学，他当时的抱负是当一名海员。(be to do)
He had only six years of schooling, and_____________________________
.
It was the first time that he had
his ambition was to become a
sailor
3．(一句多译)当我们走出洞穴时，我们知道自己得救了。
① ,we knew we were saved.(一般表达)
② ,we knew we were saved.(状语从句的省略)
4．(一句多译)她两眼发直，不知道下面该说什么。
①She stared blankly into space, not knowing .(宾语从句)
When we walked out of the cave
When walking out of the cave
what she would say next
②She stared blankly into space, not knowing .(疑问词＋不定式)
5．I really hope these tips can help improve your learning of a foreign language.
→I these tips can help improve your learning of a foreign language.(强调谓语)
what to say next
do hope
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰
(单句语法填空)
①My parents have been great comfort to me in my difficult times all of this.
a
②She comforted herself the thought that it would soon be spring.
③(2022·全国甲卷)The more time you spend in any given country，the more ___________(comfort)you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)He was (comfortable)，and his crying let the whole campground know it.
with
comfortable
uncomfortable
系统归纳 (1)be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰
in comfort 舒适地
(2)comfort sb.with sth. 用某物安慰某人
(3)comfortable adj. 舒适的；舒服的
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不舒适的
2．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加
?单句语法填空/完成句子
①All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting_______ (involve)．
②(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) ,the better the ocean environment is.
参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。
involved
The more people are involved
?一句多译
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) 来自各个年级的200名学生参加了这次赛跑。
③ ______________________________________________________________
(involve oneself in ...)
④ (get/be involved in)
200 students from all grades involved themselves in this running race.
200 students from all grades were/got involved in this running race.
系统归纳 (1)involve (doing) sth. 包含/需要(做)某事
(2)involved adj. 有关联的；卷入的
be/get involved in 参与；卷入； 与……有关联；专注于
微点提醒 involve oneself in sth.＝get/be involved in sth. 参加某事
3．participate in参加；参与
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·全国乙卷)The researchers examined various levels of noise on___________ (participate) as they completed tests of creative thinking.
②You should participate your friend in his sufferings.
③Your (participate)can surely add color to our trip and we are all looking forward to your involvement.
participants
with
participation
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)He always to the best of his ability whatever they were doing.
无论他们在做什么，他总是尽全力参与。
⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that the interaction and share their own stories.
我真诚地希望Youth能取得新的进步，并且会有更多的读者参与互动，分享他们自己的故事。
participated
in
more readers will participate in
系统归纳 (1)participate in (doing) sth.with sb. 与某人一起参与(做)某事
participate with sb.in sth. 与某人一起分担某事
(2)participant n. 参加者
participation n. 参加；参与；分担
微点提醒 表示“参加”的短语：
take part in, engage in, join in等。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．主语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, yin and yang forces should be in balance.Imbalance can cause illness or injury.
② followed was tireless work by Shi and his team, planting several species of drought-enduring trees over sand.
that
What
③ Mike didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday is unknown.
④ is that she puts students before herself and that her happiness lies in helping others.
张桂梅给我印象最深的是她把学生放在自己之前，她的幸福在于帮助别人。
Why
What Zhang Guimei impresses me most
2．宾语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The art emphasizes simplicity, and the arranger must decide on is truly necessary in his or her work and life.
②Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see would move first.
③She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
what
who
whether
④You have to know you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
⑤The doctor advised and get into the good habit of getting up early.
医生建议我们要均衡饮食，并养成早起的好习惯。
where
that we should have a balanced diet
3．表语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I had neither a computer nor newspaper.That's I don't know the latest news.
②I'd like to start my own business — that's I'd do if I had money.
why
what
③And another big obstacle is the majority doesn't yet have a mental picture of the possible pathways forward.
④That's the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
那就是为什么我觉得长江之旅会是一个更好的选择。
that
why I think
4．同位语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①People used to hold the belief the earth was the center of the universe.
②The suggestion students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.
③The question we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
that
that
whether
④We haven't yet settled the question we are going to spend our summer vacation.
⑤In a word, I hold a firm belief _____________________________________
.
总之，我坚信你会考虑我的建议。
where
that you will take my advice into
consideration
[谨记规则]
名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句要用陈述语序。从属连词： that, whether, if在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用； 连接代词： who，whose，whom，what，which，whatever，whoever等有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等；连接副词： when, where, how, why, whenever等，有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
(1)主语从句 ：在复合句中作主语， 它可以直接放句首， 也可用it作形式主语，将主语从句放在句末。
(2)宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词、介词和形容词之后。
(3)表语从句：在复合句中作表语，放在连系动词之后。
(4)同位语从句： 位于一个抽象名词后，对其进行解释说明。常见的抽象名词有：fact, news, message, information, idea, proposal, belief, thought, answer, reply等。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格
常见考法 (1)qualify sb.to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事
qualify (sb.) for 使(某人)具备资格
(2)qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的；胜任的
qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
升维考法 be qualified for (doing) sth./to do sth.
＝have qualifications for (doing) sth./to do sth.有资格做某事
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Another challenge for more than a million of the most (qualify) farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship.
②He's been informed that he doesn't qualify the scholarship because of his academic background.
qualified
for
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
他们中只有百分之二的人有资格做这种技术性的工作。
③Only two percent of them the skilled work.(qualified)
④Only two percent of them the skilled work.(qualification)
are qualified for
have qualifications for
2．engage vi.参加；参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)
常见考法 (1)engage in (使)从事；参与
engage sb.in sth. 使某人加入/忙于某事
engage sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)be engaged in sth. 忙于某事
be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚
升维考法 注意区分be engaged in“忙于；从事于”与be engaged to
“与……订婚”的介词搭配。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①That gets people more (engage) in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more.
②The program aims to encourage students to engage themselves making a difference in society.
③Her father engaged a tutor (improve) her maths.
engaged
in
to improve
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
从大学里受益最多的是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。
④The students benefiting most from college are those who_____________ __________academic life.
⑤The students benefiting most from college are those___________________ academic life.(非谓语动词作定语)
are totally
totally engaged in
engaged in
3．expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)
常见考法 expose ...to ... 使……暴露于/遭受……
be exposed to 暴露于；接触
升维考法 expose ...to ...中，及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。(be) exposed to ...“暴露于……”。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·全国乙卷)The participants in the 70 decibels group — those________ (expose) to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)“Nicolo，” whose real name cannot (expose) to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
exposed
be exposed
③Schools should more excellent traditional Chinese customs.
学校应该让孩子们多接触优秀的中国传统习俗。
expose children to
?细练升维考法(句式升级)
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for too long, you will get your skin harmed.
→ the sunlight for too long, you will get your skin harmed.(现在分词短语作状语)
→ the sunlight for too long, you will get your skin harmed.(过去分词短语作状语)
Exposing yourself to
Exposed to
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．It is/was the first/second ...time (that) ...句型
(1)“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second ...time (that)＋过去完成时”表示“第一/第二……次……”。
(2)“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second ...time (that)＋现在完成时”表示“第一/第二……次……”。
(3)It is/was (about/high) time (that) ...should do sth./did sth.意为“到了该做某事的时间了”，相当于It is/was time for sb.to do sth.。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子/一句多译)
①I was amazed, thrilled and grateful.It was the first time that I .
我感到惊讶、激动和感激。这是我第一次得奖。
②It is the first time that I something in English in my blog.
这是我第一次有勇气在我的博客上用英语写一些东西。
had ever won a prize
have the courage to write
③现在是我们采取有效措施保护森林的时候了。
→It is time for us .
→It is time that .
to take effective measures to protect forests
we should take/took effective measures to protect forests
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
④(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) 总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。
All in all，________________________________________________________
.
⑤这是自从我的小妹妹进入这个家庭以来，我第一次微笑。
since my little baby sister came into the family.
it is high time that we devoted/should devote ourselves to
It was the first time that I had smiled
protecting oceans
2．“疑问词＋不定式”结构
(1)“疑问词＋不定式(短语)”的作用相当于一个名词性从句，通常在某些动词(如tell, know, imagine, learn等)后面作宾语，有时也用作主语、表语、同位语等。
(2)疑问词why后面不能接带to的不定式。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①We learned how we could create and register a new web page.
→We learned and register a new web page.
②I am not sure how I should behave at the dinner table.
→I am not sure at the dinner table.
how to create
how to behave
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 我想给她买个好礼物，但我不知道该选什么。
I'm trying to get her a good gift, but I don't know .
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)我们很幸运地从一些著名运动员那里得到了关于如何提高我们的技能和强身健体的好建议。
We've been fortunate to have got good advice from some famous athletes .
what to choose
on how to improve our skills and build up our body
3．be to do
(1)表示按照计划或根据安排将要做某事；
(2)表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该做某事，必须做某事”；
(3)表示不可避免将要发生的事或命中注定的事；
(4)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing等为中心的名词或what引导的名词性从句时，不定式作表语是对主语进行补充说明。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空)
①Every member of the party was (pay)his own expense.
②(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The objective of most speeches is_________ (benefit) the audience.
③They are (pay) a visit to the teacher together at 10 am tomorrow.
to pay
to benefit
to pay
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
④(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)首先，我们能做的事情就是重视我们的日常行为。
First of all，what we can do is our daily actions.
⑤这场比赛是为了帮助我们与友好学校交流，增进友谊。
The match and improve our friendship.
to place importance on
is to help us communicate with our friend schools
2021·浙江6月高考·阅读理解C篇
If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something.Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images (图像) of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face.The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face or images totally different from the ones used in training.The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. “We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth，” said study author Corsin Müller. “Instead，our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.”
“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions，” Müller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. “To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions，” and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Müller said.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关狗的研究。实验研究表明，狗能够识别人类的面部表情是高兴还是愤怒。
1．The new study focused on whether dogs can .
A．distinguish shapes
B．make sense of human faces
C．feel happy or angry
D．communicate with each other
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，一项新的研究表明，狗可能真的可以辨别人的面部表情是高兴还是愤怒。下文详细介绍了研究过程和结论：狗能够识别人的面部表情。倒数第二段中的“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions”一句明确给出了结论。
2．What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2
A．Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B．Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C．Pictures used in the two stages were different.
D．The dogs were photographed before the test.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers then tested ... used in training.”可知，研究人员给狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像。由此可知，在两个测试阶段，狗看到的照片是不一样的。
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．A suggestion for future studies.
B．A possible reason for the study findings.
C．A major limitation of the study.
D．An explanation of the research method.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本段主要探讨狗具备识别人类表情的能力的原因。下文给出了具体解释：狗与人类居住在一起，有很多机会接触到人类的表情，这种接触使狗学会辨别人类的面部表情。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
段落大意题的思维建模(第3题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something._____
②(一词多义)Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study._____
③(熟词生义)To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions ... ；_____
辨别
表情
似乎
接触
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①facial expressions _________
②be onto something _________
③distinguish between ___________
④in the testing stage ___________
⑤rule out _______________
面部表情
有些想法
辨别；分辨
在测试阶段
把……排除在外
⑥be based on _____________
⑦apply to ______________
⑧at this point _____________
⑨be equipped with _____________
⑩lie in ____
provide sb. with sth. _______________
以……为基础
适用于；应用于
目前，在这时
具备；配备着
在于
为某人提供某物
三、寻结构破长句
1．The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
抓标志：被省略的连接词that；连接词_____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：研究表明，这些动物已经知道如何将_____________________
应用到测试阶段的新表情上。
what
它们在训练中学到的关
于人类表情的知识
2．Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.
抓标志：并列连词 ;连接词_________
判类型：复合句(宾语从句里含有一个宾语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句(含有分词短语作定语)
试翻译：相反，我们的结果表明，成功的狗意识到 ，且同样的规则适用于有着相同含义的愤怒的嘴和愤怒的眼睛。
and
that; that
微笑的嘴和微笑的眼睛意味着同样的情形
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.
赏析：句中动词不定式短语to distinguish between images of the same person作目的状语；现在分词短语making either a happy or an angry face作定语，修饰名词person。两个非谓语动词短语的使用，使得句子结构紧凑，表意丰富。
[对点练——完成句子]
① ,I read a lot of books_________________
.
为了在这次演讲比赛中表现得好，我翻看了很多讲述演讲技巧的书。
②He often goes to the club from his classmates____________
.
他经常去俱乐部向学习音乐专业的同学寻求建议。
To do well in the speech contest
telling about speech
to seek advice
skills
majoring in
music
2.(赏用词之美)Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.
赏析：本句运用distinguish(区分；辨别)明确说明了狗区分开心和生气表情的能力，而且indeed(的确)，be able to(有能力……)和情态动词may(可能)的使用，使得表达客观，引发读者的阅读兴趣。
3．(赏意境之美)The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
赏析：狗用鼻子触碰画面，来选出生气或者开心的表情。此句用生动形象极具画面感的场景说明了实验结果。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共108张PPT)
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．pepper n． 甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉
2．recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱
3．bold adj. 大胆自信的；敢于冒险的
4．chef n. 厨师；主厨
5．stuff vt. 填满；把……塞进
n. 东西；物品
6．slice n. (切下的食物)薄片
vt. 把……切成薄片
7．onion n. 洋葱；葱头
8．lamb n. 羊羔肉；羔羊
9．temper n. 脾气；火气
10．junk n. 无用的东西
11．junk food 垃圾食品
12．garlic n. 蒜
13．bacon n. 熏猪肉；咸肉
14．ham n. 火腿
15．brand n. 品牌
16．olive n. 橄榄树；油橄榄
17．fig n. 无花果
18．dessert n. (饭后)甜点
19．dough n. 生面团
20．canteen n. 食堂；餐厅
21．bun n. 圆面包；小圆甜饼
22．pork n. 猪肉
23．pearl n. 珍珠
24．somewhat adv. 有点；稍微
25．madam n. 夫人；女士
26．fibre/fiber n. 纤维；纤维制品
27．dairy adj. 奶制的；乳品(业)的
n. 乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂
28．ideal adj. 完美的；理想的；想象的
n. 理想；完美的人(或事物)
29．chew vi.&vt. 咀嚼；嚼碎
n. 咀嚼
30．overall adv. 总体上；大致上
adj. 全面的；综合的
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．cuisine n. 菜肴；风味；烹饪
2．vinegar n. 醋
3．vegetarian n. 素食者
4．sausage n. 香肠；腊肠
5．cabbage n. 甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜
6．bean curd n. 豆腐
7．ingredient n. (尤指烹饪)材料；成分
8．cafeteria n. 自助餐厅；自助食堂
9．calorie n. 卡路里(热量单位)
10．regardless adv. 不顾；不加理会
11．category n. 类别；种类
12．vitamin n. 维生素
13．quantity n. 数量；数额
14．moderation n. 适度；合理
15．fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的；基本的
n. 基本规律；根本法则
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．prior adj.先前的；优先的→ n．优先事项；优先；优先权
2．consist vi.在于；存在于；由……组成→ adj.一致的；连续的→ adv.始终如一地；一贯地
3．elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→ n．优美；高雅
4．except prep.除……之外→ n．例外→ adj.特别的；罕见的→ adv.特别；非常
priority
consistent
consistently
elegance
exception
exceptional
exceptionally
5．minimum adj.最低(限度)的；最小的n.最小值；最少量→ adj.最高的；最多的；最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度；最高限度
6．consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→ n．消费者→______________ n．消费；消耗
7．stable adj.稳定的；稳重的→ adv.稳定地
8．associate v．联系；联想→ n．协会；关联
maximum
consumer
consumption
stably
association
9．modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→ adv.谦虚地；适度地→________ n．谦逊；谦虚
10．trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏→ adj.狡猾的；棘手的
modestly
modesty
tricky
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.各种“肉类”很丰富
①pork n． 猪肉 ②mutton n． 羊肉
③beef n． 牛肉 ④chicken n． 鸡肉
⑤barbecue n． 烤肉 ⑥steak n． 牛排
2.“调料”用品很齐全
①vinegar n． 醋 ②salt n． 盐
③sauce n． 酱 ④oil n． 油
⑤salad n． 色拉 ⑥salad oil n． 色拉油
⑦garlic n． 蒜 ⑧cheese n． 奶酪
⑨butter n． 奶油 ⑩sugar n． 糖
3.以-tion结尾的名词多积累
①association 协会；关联
②celebration 庆祝；庆祝活动；庆典
③congratulation 祝贺；贺词
④devotion 献身；奉献；忠诚
⑤appreciation 欣赏；感激
⑥graduation 毕业；毕业典礼
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 在……之前的
2． 由……组成(或构成)
3． 另一方面
4． 因此；结果
5． 至少；最小
6． 携手共进
prior to
consist of
on the other hand
as a result
at a minimum
go hand in hand
7． 谋生
8． 动身；出发；引起；爆炸
9． 不管；不顾
10． 换句话说
11． 削减；节省
12． 停止；切断
earn one's living
set off
regardless of
in other words
cut down on
cut out
[联想串记]
1.hand的相关短语
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
by hand 用手
on hand 在手边；即将发生
hand on 传递
hand over 移交
2.word的相关短语
in other words 换句话说
in a/one word 总而言之
break one's word 食言
keep one's word 遵守诺言
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
教材原句 Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.
告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。
推荐佳句 ①Don't give up or you will achieve nothing.
不要放弃，否则你会一事无成。
②(新教材外研版选择性必修1佳句)Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you ...”
坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们高兴地通知您……”
2．形容词(短语)作状语
教材原句 Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师开始在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
推荐佳句 ①Exhausted but determined, Jane rose up to her feet, dragging herself to the stream.
简筋疲力尽但非常坚定，她站起身来，缓慢费力地来到小溪边。
②(新教材译林版选择性必修1佳句)Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss of her love.
梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。祝英台为失挚爱而痛哭。
续表
3．倍数表达法
教材原句 And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day.
在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
推荐佳句 ①The new stadium in our school is twice bigger than the old one.
我们学校的新体育场是旧体育场的两倍大。
②(新教材译林版必修3佳句)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
续表
4．It takes some time for sb./sth.to do ...
教材原句 It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full.
开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall.
我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。
②(新教材北师大版必修2佳句)It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.
不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“担忧”
The first night, I was nervous. This was the first time that I had not accompanied my mother at night. I was very worried at the thought that my mother stayed at home with a total stranger. I didn't know whether Gifty was careful or not and how Gifty would take care of my mother. I also didn't know how my mother would feel. With deep worry, I tossed and turned until very late. The moment I got up the next morning, I called Gifty and decided to visit my mother immediately.
第一个晚上，我很紧张。这是我第一次不在母亲身边过夜。一想到母亲和一个完全陌生的人待在家里，我就很担心。我不知道吉迪是否细心，也不知道吉迪会怎样照顾我的母亲。我也不知道母亲会作何感想。我忧心忡忡，辗转反侧直到很晚。第二天早上我一起床，就给吉迪打电话，决定马上去看我母亲。
[点评] 本段中使用了“nervous, worried, deep worry, tossed and turned until very late”等词汇表达了作者为母亲的安全十分担忧的心情。常用的描写人物担忧的词汇有：worry, anxious, uneasy, frown, panic, upset, get into panic, with butterflies in one's stomach等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With abundant natural resources, it is the birthplace of Sichuan_______ (菜肴), in which the Sichuan pepper is the most unique and important spice.
2．You can use milk in place of cream in this (食谱)．
3．He grabbed my purse, opened it, (填满) it full, and then gave it back to me.
cuisine
recipe
stuffed
4．She promised that she would never lose her (脾气) again with nothing serious.
5．Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating (垃圾) food
6．Frustrated and (有点；稍微) grieved, she explained that she couldn't afford a fancy present.
7．(2021·全国乙卷)I think my home falls into that (种类)．
temper
junk
somewhat
category
8．Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the_______ (数量)．
9．To our delight, an (理想的) campsite on the edge of a lake did present itself to us in the early afternoon.
10．Polly took a bite of the apple, (咀嚼) and swallowed.
quantity
ideal
chewed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I was extremely inspired by the (elegance) way the words sounded.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an (exception) museum in Shanghai.
3．(2021·浙江1月高考)Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with (minimize) delay.
elegant
exceptional
minimum
4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing food mainly (consume) by local farmers.
5．As the plane set off and flew (stable), she turned back to ask the stewardess for some water.
6．The book was published in (associate) with British Heritage.
7．Up to now, large quantities of food (send) to this country to save the starving people.
is
consumed
stably
association
have been sent
8．Sometimes you may find yourself (consistent) annoyed or disappointed with others.
9．They began as a (modest)successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends (传说)．
10．The police wrote a ticket with a (trick)smile.I feel soft and gentle and caring and my heart feels really warm.
consistently
modestly
tricky
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Life not only sunshine but also storms.
2．He coffee and cigarettes, and took exercise regularly.
3． Holly's birthday, Susan had been a regular visitor in our home.
consist of， prior to，go hand in hand，set off， in other words， earn one's living， regardlessof， cut down on
consists of
cut down on
Prior to
4．We've fixed the date for the outing and we'll go wind or rain.
5． ,we make our own happiness.
6．China ancient female artists and male artists with brilliant China culture arts.
regardless of
In other words
went hand in hand
7．I guess everyone would like to for a journey with someone we can understand and have fun with.
8．Wang Peng by running a barbecue restaurant, which served delicious bacon, fried chicken breast and mutton roasted with pepper and garlic.
set off
earned his living
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)She was glad they managed to escape.It___________________ ___________________and calm themselves down.
她很高兴他们设法逃脱了。他们花了五分钟才喘口气，冷静下来。
2．(一句多译)立即采取行动，我们一定能减少碳足迹。
① ,we will surely reduce carbon footprint.(条件句)
② we will surely reduce carbon footprint.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
took them five minutes
If we take action right now
to catch their breath
Take action right now and
3．(一句多译)这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。
①This hill is that small one.(倍数＋形容词的比较级＋than)
②This hill is that small one.(倍数＋as＋形容词＋as)
③This hill is that small one.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of)
four times higher than
four times as high as
four times the height of
4．The poor man was disappointed and frustrated and made his way back to his family.
→ ,the poor man made his way back to his family.(形容词短语作状语)
Disappointed and frustrated
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏；哄骗；恶作剧
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the (trick) are done.
tricks
②An advertiser might be trying to trick customers buying a product or a service.
③The naughty boy is fond of playing trick on others.
④This medicine should and soon cure you.
这种药应该有效，能很快治好你的病。
⑤Could you tell me making such tasty food
你能告诉我做出这么好吃的食物的窍门吗？
into
a
do the trick
the trick of
2．consist of 由……组成(或构成)
?单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a (consist) basis.
②Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems____________ (consist) of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.
③The beauty of the city consists its magnificent buildings.
④His action is always consistent his words.
consistent
consisting
in
with
?一句多译
由12名医疗工作者组成的医疗队伍受到了当地政府的表扬。
⑤The medical team was praised by the local government.(定语从句)
⑥The medical team was praised by the local government.(现在分词短语作定语)
that/which consisted of 12 medical workers
consisting of 12 medical workers
系统归纳 (1)consist in 在于，存在于
consist with＝be consistent with 与……一致
(2)consistent adj. 一致的；相符的
inconsistent adj. 不一致的
微点提醒 consist of 没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态，但可以用作现在分词作定语。
3．as a result 因此；结果
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He made one big mistake, and as result, lost his job.
②Millions of people will face starvation as a result the drought.
a
of
③As for me, I'm fascinated by rope skipping, which can the flexibility of my body.
至于我，我对跳绳很着迷，这会使我的身体变得灵活。
④Many health problems what you eat.
很多健康问题是由你吃的东西引起的。
result in
result from
系统归纳 as a result of ... 作为……的结果；由于……
result in 导致；造成
result from 由……造成；起因于
微点提醒 result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；
result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．过去完成时的主动语态
(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①He worked there through his university years until 1942, a year after he__________ (gain) a master degree at university in chemistry.
②There was no guarantee that it would work, since no one_______________ (attempt) anything similar before.
had gained
had attempted
③After she (commit) herself to doing medical research for many years, her efforts paid off.
④It was the first time that China (hold) the Winter Olympic Games.
⑤By the end of last week, we (drill) this well for a year and a half.
had committed
had held
had drilled
⑥I (intend)to clarify their misunderstanding about me, but I failed.
⑦他刚收起桌上的文件，门就猛地开了。
→He the papers on his desk when the door burst open.
→ the papers on his desk when the door burst open.(倒装句)
had intended
had hardly collected
Hardly had he collected
2．过去完成时的被动语态
(单句语法填空)
①I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan_______________ (carry) out in the past two years.
②He was very excited to hear the news that he______________________ (promote)．
③The two nurses (reward) 100,000 yuan by the police but they donated it to victims of the explosion.
had been carried
had been promoted
had been rewarded
④A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who________________
(trap) in the mountains for two days.
⑤The kid was annoyed because he (cheat) out of the money by his older brother.
⑥When we got there after the accident, we were told that the injured_____________ (send) to the nearest hospital yet.
had been trapped
had been cheated
had been sent
[谨记规则]
1．过去完成时的用法
(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”， 这一过去时间可用by, before 等构成的短语及 when, before, after, by the time 等引导的状语从句表示。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。
(3)表示原计划或打算做某事而没有做成。常用动词有want, mean, plan, hope, suppose, expect, intend等。
2．过去完成时常用的特殊句式
(1)It/This/That was the first/second ...time that sb.had done sth.
这是/那是某人第一次/第二次……某人做某事。
(2)用于hardly/scarcely ...when, no sooner ...than 句式中。
3．过去完成时的被动语态
构成：had been＋及物动词的过去分词。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．association n．协会；关联
常见考法 (1)in association with 与……联合/有关联
(2)associate v. 联系；联想
associate ...with ... 把……与……联系起来
associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系
(3)be associated with 与……有关
升维考法 associate主要用作及物动词，后接名词或代词作宾语。也可用作不及物动词，这时须接介词with引起的短语，表示“与……交往，与……联系在一起”。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Through science we've got the idea of associating progress the future.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo plants are (associate) with health, abundance and a happy home.
③We are working in (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
with
associated
association
?细练升维考法(句式升级)
④There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.
→There are many serious health problems .(非谓语动词)
associated with smoking
2．quantity n．数量；数额
常见考法 a large/small quantity of 大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
in quantity＝in large amounts 大量地
升维考法 (1)“large quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词常用复数；“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词常用单数。
(2)a large quantity of/large quantities of其后可跟可数名词的复数，也可以跟不可数名词。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①“Not only are the (quantity) of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，”she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
②People are learning how to organize huge quantities information so that they are able to access it at a later date.
quantities
of
?细练升维考法(完成句子/一句多译)
③I know you once participated in volleyball games, so you must have accumulated experience.
我知道你曾经参加过排球比赛，因此你肯定积累了大量的经验。
④随着更多的森林被破坏，每年都有大量的肥沃的土壤被冲走。
→With more forests destroyed, a huge quantity of good earth__________ _____________each year.
→With more forests destroyed, huge quantities of good earth____________ _____________each year.
a large quantity of / large quantities of
is being
are being
washed away
washed away
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
(1)“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”是一个固定句式。其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句。
(2)并列连词要根据前后两句之间的逻辑关系选择。
(3)在“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型中，也可以用“名词＋and＋陈述句”表示。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(一句多译)
①如果你更加努力学习，在学习上你就会成功。
→ you will succeed in your studies.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
→ ，you'll succeed in your studies.(条件句)
→ ,you will succeed in your studies.(现在分词短语作状语)
Work harder, and
If you work harder
Working harder
②好好准备考试，否则你就会考试不及格。
→ you'll fail.(祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句)
→ ,you'll fail.(条件句)
→You will fail .(unless)
Prepare for your exam well, or/otherwise
If you don't prepare for your exam well
unless you prepare for your exam well
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③遵循医生的建议，你很快就会好的。
you will get better soon.
④不要太健谈，否则你会给别人留下不好的印象。
Don't be too talkative, .
Follow your doctor's advice, and
or you may leave a poor impression on others
2．形容词(短语)作状语
(1)说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态。
(2)形容词(短语)作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
(3)有些形容词是由动词的过去分词转化而来的，表示状态，并非被动形式。这样的形容词有：lost, occupied, involved, absorbed等。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①The survivors lay on the beach, and they were exhausted and shocked.
→The survivors lay on the beach, .
②She was moved and excited and she threw herself into her mother's arms.
→ ,she threw herself into her mother's arms.
exhausted and shocked
Moved and excited
③He was lost in thought and he almost ran into a big tree.
→ ,he almost ran into a big tree.
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
④我们兴奋且高兴地在学校门口迎接交换生。
,we greeted exchange students at the entrance of the school.
⑤又尴尬又羞愧，我无法集中精力做任何事情。
Lost in thought
Excited and happy
Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything.
3．倍数表达法
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as。
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than。
(3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width/depth＋of。
(4)倍数＋that＋of。
(5)倍数＋what从句。
[名师点津] 表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。此句型中倍数也可用分数、百分数、half等其他程度副词。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子)
①我们昨天参观的这个主题公园是那个的三倍大。(倍数＋as＋adj.＋as)
This theme park we visited yesterday is that one.
②电脑比人脑工作快成百上千倍。 (倍数＋比较级＋than)
Computers can work human brains.
three times as big as
hundreds of times faster than
③这根金属线的长度是那根的3倍。(倍数＋the＋n.＋of)
This wire is that one.
④这条路的长度是十年前的两倍。(倍数＋what从句)
The length of this road is .
three times the length of
twice what it was ten years ago
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美(一句多译)
这座桥是我家乡那条河上的桥的三倍长。
⑤The bridge is the one over the river of my hometown.(倍数＋形容词比较级＋than)
three times longer than
⑥The bridge is the one over the river of my hometown.(倍数＋as＋形容词＋as)
⑦The bridge is the one over the river of my hometown.(倍数＋the＋n.＋of)
three times as long as
three times the length of
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了杰西卡和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的故事。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受作为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。
1．A.indoors B．online
C．single-handed D．full-time
答案：D
解析：空后面一句提到：在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡，在每个地方停留。由此可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。indoors“室内”；online“在线地”；single-handed“单独地”；full-time“全职地”。
2．A.game B．service
C．vacation D．procedure
答案：C
解析：结合上文可知，杰西卡在环球旅行，所以这可能听起来像是漫长且昂贵的假期。game“游戏”；service“服务”；vacation“假期”；procedure“程序”。
3．A.safe B．busy
C．helpful D．affordable
答案：D
解析：此处指这听起来像是一个漫长且昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们负担得起旅行。safe“安全的”； busy“忙碌的”； helpful“有帮助的”； affordable“负担得起的”。
4．A.local B．private
C．sharing D．agricultural
答案：C
解析：后文提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，帮助提供房子的人看房子，所以此处指：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。local“当地的”；private“私人的”；sharing“分享的”；agricultural“农业的”。
5．A.strangers' B．parents'
C．co-workers' D．neighbors'
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。strangers'“陌生人的”；parents'“父母的”；co-workers'“同事的”； neighbors'“邻居的”。
6．A.favor B．defense
C．honor D．absence
答案：D
解析：他们是house sitters (临时雇来看房子的人)，所以应该是房子主人不在家，让他们看房子。此处指他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。favor“帮助”；defense“防御”；honor“荣誉”；absence“缺席”。
7．A.plan B．explain
C．compare D．complete
答案：A
解析：因为是环球旅行，并且还当看房人免费住在陌生人家里，所以此处指这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。plan“计划”；explain“解释”；compare“比较”；complete“完成”。
8．A.buy B．transport
C．choose D．please
答案：D
解析：参见上题解析。buy“购买”；transport“运输”；choose“选择”；please“取悦”。
9．A.support B．comfort
C．control D．attention
答案：B
解析：后文提到像住在朋友家，所以此处指照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。support“支持”；comfort“舒适，安慰”；control“控制”；attention“注意”。
10．A.cooking B．staying
C．waiting D．studying
答案：B
解析：根据第二段的“Throughout their no-cost stays in homes”可知选B。 cook“烹饪”；stay“停留”；wait“等待”；study“学习”。
11．A.success B．survival
C．growth D．unemployment
答案：A
解析：第一段提到：在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡，在每个地方停留。由此可知，这对夫妇被接受作为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。success“成功”；survival“存活”；growth“生长”；unemployment“失业”。
12．A.budget B．abilities
C．expectations D．understanding
答案：C
解析：参见上题解析。budget“预算”；ability“能力”；expectation“期望”；understanding“理解”。
13．A.admiring B．donating
C．sending D．borrowing
答案：C
解析：因为杰西卡和她丈夫是临时雇来看房子的人，所以房子主人不在家。杰西卡就会发送大量宠物快乐的照片给宠物的主人。admire“钦佩”； donate“捐赠”；send“发送”；borrow“借来”。
14．A.clean B．open
C．simple D．empty
答案：A
解析：作为看房人，保持房子清洁是必要的，否则下次就很难成功成为看房人。clean“干净的”；open“开放的”；simple“简单的”；empty“空的”。
15．A.guess B．decision
C．response D．impression
答案：B
解析：上文提到，作为看房人，杰西卡发送大量宠物快乐的照片给房子的主人，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物，这样会让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定。guess“猜测”；decision“决定”；response“反应”；impression“印象”。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
生活常识和文化背景题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel affordable. _______
②(熟词生义)The two travelers carefully plan their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to please. ；_____
③(熟词生义)But house sitting also offers a level of comfort they can't find in a hotel. _____
听起来
安排
取悦
照看
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①travel the globe ________
②the sharing economy ________
③house sitters _______
④in one's absence _________________
周游世界
共享经济
看房人
在某人不在的时候
⑤a high success rate _________
⑥get accepted _______
⑦beyond one's expectations _______________
⑧head to _____
高成功率
被接受
超出某人的期待
前往
三、寻结构破长句
1．It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel affordable.
抓标志：并列连词___
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译： ，但这对夫妇有一个不寻常的方法让他们能够负担得起旅行的费用。
but
这可能听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期
2．The couple has a high success rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner's expectations.
抓标志：并列连词____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，而且_____________
。
and
他们总是超出
房主的预期
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)For Jessica, that means sending plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house clean and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house.
赏析：在去(heading to)下一家之前，发送(sending)大量宠物快乐生活的照片，保持房屋清洁(keeping the house clean)，留下(leaving)一份漂亮的小礼物。作者使用and连接的三个并列的动名词短语作宾语，描述了杰西卡夫妇为了让房东开心所做的事情，表达紧凑达意。大量形容词的使用使得表意饱满，读来情真意切。
[对点练——完成句子]
①It's wise of us to spend some time___________________________________
,which allows us to identify our strengths and weaknesses.
花些时间反思我们每天的学习活动是明智的，这会让我们发现自己的长处和短处。
②Don't click on unfamiliar links to from potential dangers. (keep＋宾语＋宾补)
不要点击不熟悉的链接，让自己远离潜在的危险。
reflecting on our everyday learning
keep yourself away
activities
2.(赏逻辑之美)Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it full-time.
赏析：前后两个句子所描述的情形，通过使用介词like和unlike形成鲜明对比。杰西卡把环游世界当做全职工作来做，这种与众不同的做法，能引起读者强烈的好奇心。
3．(赏修辞之美)“It's like staying at a friend's house，” Jessica says.
赏析：把通过帮别人看房子得到的居住机会比作住在朋友家，文章通过比喻的修辞手法生动描绘了杰西卡独辟蹊径而又乐在其中的生活状态，给读者留下深刻印象。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共103张PPT)
UNIT 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．bay n． (海或湖的)湾
2．craft n. 手艺；工艺；技艺
3．arise vi. 起身；出现；由……引起
4．bound adj. 准备前往(某地)；一定会
5．scenery n. 风景；景色
6．peak n. 顶峰；山峰；尖形
7．goat n. 山羊
8．drill vi.& vt. 钻(孔)；打(眼)
n. 钻(头)；训练；演习
9．mall n. 购物商场；购物广场
10．bunch n. 束；串；捆
11．thunder vi. 打雷；轰隆隆地响；
轰隆隆地快速移动
n. 雷声；轰隆声
12．frost n. 霜；严寒天气；霜冻
vt. 使蒙上霜
vi. 结霜
13．curtain n. 窗帘
14．border n. 国界；边界(地区)
15．harbour n. (海)港；港口
16．enrol vi.&vt. (使)加入；注册；登记
17．idiom n. 习语；成语
18．anyhow adv. (结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正
19．shore n. 岸；滨
20．steel n. 钢；钢铁工业
21．dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚
22．accent n. 口音
23．owe vt. 欠(账、债、情等)
24．toast n. 烤面包片；吐司；干杯
vt. 为……干杯
vt.& vi. 烤(尤指面包)
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．airline n. 航空公司
2．antique n. 古物；古董
adj. 古老的；古董的
3．massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的
4．spectacular adj. 壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的
n. 壮丽的场面；精彩的表演
5．highlight n. 最好或最精彩的部分
vt. 突出；强调；使醒目
6．duration n. 持续时间；期间
7．quarry n. 采石场
8．contrary adj. 相反的；相对立的
n. 相反的事实(或事情)
9．alongside prep. 在……旁边；与……一起
adv. 在旁边
10．proceed vi. 行进；继续做
11．photographer n. 摄影师；拍照者
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．please vt.使高兴；使满意 vi.喜欢；愿意→ adj.令人愉快的；友好的→ adj.令人高兴的；令人满意的→ adj.高兴的；满意的→ n．快乐；娱乐；乐事
2．literature n．文学→ adj.文学的→ adv.字面上；
真正地
3．breath n．呼吸的空气→ adj.气喘吁吁的→ v．
呼吸
pleasant
pleasing
pleased
pleasure
literary
literally
breathless
breathe
4．awe n．敬畏；惊叹 v．使敬畏；使惊叹→ adj.令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的
5．freeze vi.& vt.结冰；(使)冻住→ adj.极冷的；冰冻的
6．anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望→ n．预期；预料；期待
7．astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→ adj.惊人的；令人吃惊的→ adj.感到惊讶的→ n．惊讶
awesome
freezing
anticipation
astonishing
astonished
astonishment
8．mist n．薄雾；水汽→ adj.多雾的；模糊的
9．advertise vt.&vi.(为……)做广告/宣传；登广告；征聘→______________ n．广告；启事→ n．广告(业)
misty
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(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.词缀air-名词集锦
①airline 航空公司
②aircraft 飞机；航空器
③airport 机场；航空站
④airmail 航空邮件
⑤airplane/aeroplane 飞机
⑥airfield 飞机场
2.“天气”变幻莫测
①frost n． 霜冻
②foggy adj. 有雾的；雾茫茫的
③breeze n. 微风；和风
④cloudy adj. 阴天的；阴云密布的
⑤hurricane n. 飓风
⑥rainy adj. 阴雨的；多雨的
⑦snowy adj. 下雪的；被雪覆盖的
⑧storm n. 暴风雨；雷雨交加
⑨thunderstorm n. 雷雨
⑩hail n. 冰雹
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 出发；启程
2． 令人惊叹
3． 一路上；自始至终；一直
4． 穿过
5． 另外；加之；除……之外(还)
start out
take sb.'s breath away
all the way
pass through
in addition to
6． 是……的家园
7． 经历；检查；审阅；完成
8． 一束；一串；一群；大量
9． 追溯到
10． 是……特有的/独有的
be home to
go through
a bunch of
date back to
be unique to
11． 相反的；相对立的
12． 与……截然不同；相比之下
13． 进而做(参加)
14． 欠(某人情); 把……归功于某人
contrary to
in contrast to
proceed to sth.
owe sth. to sb.
[联想串记]
1.way的相关短语
all the way 一路上；自始至终
in a way 在某种程度上
by the way 顺便说
in no way 决不
give way to 屈服；让路
in the way 挡道
on one's way to 在去……途中
2.“a＋n.＋of ”短语
a bunch of 一束；一串 a series of 一系列
a string of 一串 a wave of 一波
a set of 一套 a chain of 一连串
a piece of 一份；一副
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．rather than连接并列成分
教材原句 Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。
推荐佳句 ①Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, rather than just depending on the teacher.
鼓励学生掌控自己的学习，而不是只依赖老师。
②(新教材外研版选择性必修3佳句)And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun.
而且如果他去参加名人聚会，他是去工作而不是玩乐。
续表
2．过去分词短语作状语
教材原句 Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Fascinated by columns on teenagers, I always stayed up reading until midnight.
我对青少年专栏很着迷，总是读到半夜。
推荐佳句 ②(新教材译林版选择性必修1佳句)Painted on a five-metre-long silk scroll, it offers an important insight into life in China in the 12th century.
此画为五米绢本长卷，它对于我们洞悉12世纪中国的生活面貌是极其重要的。
续表
3.It is/was not until ...that ...
教材原句 It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.
上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。
推荐佳句 ①It was not until they would like to show their gratitude to him that they realized that he had already left silently.
直到他们想向他表示感谢时，才意识到他已经默默地离开了。
推荐佳句 ②(新教材北师大版必修3佳句)It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂转向观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“害怕”
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. It got such a fright that it rushed at a high speed. I, frightened too, grabbed the rein tightly. Minutes later, the horse was off the track and I found that there was no sign of my dad. In the middle of nowhere, I felt a wave of fear wrap around me. Worse still, the rain came pouring down and I was wet through. After seemingly long hours, there came a loud cry of my dad. As a quick response, I shouted in a loud voice, “Dad, I'm here！” Tracing my voice, Dad finally found me and we got reunited.
突然一只小兔子在我的马前面跳出来。马吓得飞快奔跑。我也很害怕，紧紧抓住缰绳。几分钟后，马离开了跑道，我发现没有了爸爸的身影。在茫茫荒野中，我感到一阵恐惧笼罩着我。更糟糕的是，大雨倾盆而下，我浑身湿透了。似乎过了很长时间后，我爸爸的大喊声传来。我快速回应，大声喊道：“爸爸，我在这里！”追踪着我的声音，爸爸终于找到了我，我们团聚了。
[点评] 本段中使用了词块“got such a fright, rushed at a high speed, grab ... tightly, wrap around, shouted in a loud voice”生动地表达了马和作者的害怕的心理，同时又通过“off the track, no sign of my dad, pouring down, wet through, After seemingly long hours, a quick response”等表达渲染了作者的心慌与害怕。常用的描写人物害怕的词汇有：afraid, scared, frighten, terror, terrify, in/with fear/terror等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e．g.stamps, postcards or (古董)．
2．Gathering up all his courage, he finally felt himself, (起身)again and walked onto the stage slowly and firmly.
3．(2020·浙江7月高考)Not this polar bear though — he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his (巨大的) paws (爪子)．
antiques
arose
massive
4．I'm convinced that the exhibition is (一定会) to be a cultural feast.
5．Moreover, the (风景) along the river is amazing，with many well-known sightseeing spots.
6．One of the (最精彩的部分) of the trip was seeing the West Lake.
bound
scenery
highlights
7．Never had I (预料) that a random act of kindness would inject such great power into others and change their life.
8．She climbed the steps and (行进) along the upstairs hallway.
9．He answered our questions in English but with a thick (口音)．
10．I (欠) him an apology, for I misunderstood him.
anticipated
proceeded
accent
owed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As a famous summer resort, Beidaihe is famous for its___________ (please)climate and beautiful natural environment.
2．Because they're (literal) rooted into the ground, they are unable to leave and go elsewhere.
3．The air in the valley was so cold that we could hardly (breath)．
4．The view from the top of Mount Huangshan is (awe)．
pleasant
literally
breathe
awesome
5．I'm not going in there — it's (freeze)!
6．On returning to our apartment, we were (astonish) to see a beautiful Christmas tree propped (支撑) against our front door.
7．Her eyes were (mist) when she saw how sad the old man looked.
8．If I had seen the (advertise) in time I would have applied for the job.
freezing
astonished
misty
advertisemen
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．In China the acupuncture (针灸) ancient times.
2．Fast mask-changing Sichuan Opera performance.
3． his salary, he has a bonus of 200 yuan per month.
take one's breath away， in addition to， a bunch of，
go through， date back to， be uniqueto，contrary to， owe ... to
dates back to
is unique to
In addition to
4．He took keys from the pocket of his old worn trousers.
5．This was a difficult period when we a lot of sufferings.
6．I'm writing to an apology you for being unable to travel with you.
7．We went climbing and the sight of the beautiful mountains .
8． popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children.
a bunch of
went through
owe
to
took our breath away
Contrary to
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We are filled with a sense of excitement， _______________camping fun and adventure we will experience next.
我们充满了兴奋感，想知道接下来我们将体验什么样的露营乐趣和
冒险。
2．(完成句子)In order to reduce carbon footprint, more and more people prefer to cycle .
为了减少碳足迹，越来越多的人喜欢骑自行车而不是开车。
wondering what
rather than drive
3．(一句多译)直到失去所有的财产，他才意识到自己被骗了。
① realize he was taken in.(倒装句)
② he had lost all his possessions he realized he was taken in.(强调句)
Not until he had lost all his possessions did he
It was not until
that
4．Because Jenny was inspired by the encouragement and trust, she made her way to the platform confidently and courageously.
→ ,Jenny made her way to the platform confidently and courageously.(过去分词短语作状语)
Inspired by the encouragement and trust
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．arise vi.起身；出现；由……引起；起床
?写出下列各句中arise的含义
①We keep them informed of any changes as they arise._____
② Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
___________
出现
由……引起
③When I arose from the chair, my father and Eleanor's father were in deep conversation._____
?对比填空(arise/raise/rise/arouse)
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend .
起身
arose
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
⑥(2020·天津5月高考)You will find something here that will your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
⑦(2020·浙江高考)Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to more children.
risen
arouse
raise
系统归纳 arise out of/arise from/result from 由……引起，从……产生
易混辨析 原形 词性词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
arise (vi.)出现；发生；起身 arose arisen arising
rise (vi.)升起；增长；上升 rose risen rising
raise (vt.)举起；抚养；饲养 raised raised raising
arouse (vt.)唤醒；激起 aroused aroused arousing
2．freeze vi.& vt.结冰；(使)冻住
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·全国甲卷)It was an extremely cold winter's evening and__________ (freeze) fog hung in the air.
②(2020·浙江高考)My heart (freeze)in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway.
freezing
froze
③ (freeze) fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
④At the sight of the wolf, I ,too scared to move an inch.
一看到狼，我吓得僵住了，吓得一动不动。
Frozen
froze with terror
系统归纳 (1)freeze to death 冻得要死
(2)freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的
freezing cold 极冷的；冻僵的
freezing point 冰点
(3)frozen adj. 冷藏的；冷冻的
3．take sb.'s breath away 令人惊叹
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①My first view of the island from the air took (I) breath away.
②By mile 17, I became out breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)He smiled， and got ready for the run.
他微笑着，深吸一口气，准备跑步。
my
of
took a deep breath
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Nearly ，he walked to me and then gave me a hug.
他几乎上气不接下气地走向我，然后给我一个拥抱。
⑤(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to ,Steve got down on one knee.
当我们停下来喘口气时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。
out of breath
catch our breath
系统归纳 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁
catch one's breath 屏息；喘口气
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．过去分词作表语
(单句语法填空)
①I didn't want to get (involve)in the quarrel between Tom and Jack, so I walked out.
②Playing football the whole afternoon, Ben seemed (wear) out and fell asleep on the way back.
involved
worn
③After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were (bury) under piles of law books.
④ They struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting (fine)．
⑤ These kids are so (absorb)in their studies that I just sit back.
buried
fined
absorbed
2．过去分词(短语)作状语
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
① (absorb) in his book, he didn't notice me leaving.
②Wrongly (criticize) by the supervisor for failing to report the accident, he burst into tears with dissatisfaction.
Absorbed
criticized
③ (stick) in the heavy snow, my father insisted that we stay where we were when he asked for help.
④ (compare) with other teachers, Mr Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.
⑤ (drive) by a burning desire for adventure and travel, Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.
Stuck
Compared
Driven
⑥No child shall be, unless (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.
⑦When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.
→ ,the children all kept silent.
accompanied
When asked who had broken the vase
[谨记规则]
1．过去分词作表语
(1)位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
(2)过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。
2．过去分词(短语)作状语
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。
(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。
(3)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或并列分句。
(4)过去分词(短语)作状语可与其对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊
升维考法 该词及其变式采用不同的表达方式用于写作中是增分的亮点。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an__________ (astonish) variety of wildlife.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us_________ (astonish)．
③The shopkeeper looked at him in (astonish) and then he began laughing.
astonishing
astonished
astonishment
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
父母没有因他的失败而责备他，这使他很吃惊。
④His parents didn't scold him for his failure, .(定语从句)
⑤ his parents didn't scold him for his failure.(astonishing; it作形式主语)
which astonished him
It was astonishing for him that
⑥ his parents didn't scold him for his failure.(what 引导的主语从句)
⑦ ,his parents didn't scold him for his failure.
(astonishment)
What astonished him was that
To his astonishment
2．owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)
常见考法 owe sb.sth. 欠某人某物
owe sth.to sb. 欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人
owe it to sb.to do/that ... 把……归功于某人
升维考法 (1)如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在后面。
(2)表示“因为”的短语：owing to/due to/thanks to/because of。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian ___the support from Jim, my partner in study time.
②A man owes his success his family support.
to
to
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/一句多译)
③I owe to him that I finished my work in time.
④由于同事们的帮助，他进步很快。
→ ,he has made rapid progress.
(thanks to)
→ ,he has made rapid progress.(owing to)
→ that he has made rapid progress.(强调句)
it
Thanks to the help from his colleagues
Owing to the help from his colleagues
It is owing to the help from his colleagues
(2)rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是”。它通常用在平行结构中，连接两个并列的句子成分，即rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。
(3)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称与数上保持一致。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子)
①I prefer to walk there .
我宁愿步行去那儿，而不愿坐公共汽车。
②In my opinion, the Internet is helpful as someone else thinks.
在我看来，互联网是有益的，而不是别人认为的有害的。
rather than take a bus
rather than harmful
③Rather than by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing.
没有那种驾车穿越群山所带来的兴奋，我发现它令人沮丧。
④They said the young man，rather than the passengers,________________ the incident.
他们说，这起事件的责任是那个年轻人，而不是乘客。
feeling excited
was responsible for
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美(一句多译)
我宁愿独立生活也不想依靠我的父母。
⑤I an independent life my parents.(prefer to ... rather than)
⑥I an independent life my parents.(would do ... rather than)
⑦I an independent life my parents.(would rather ... than)
prefer to live
rather than rely on
would live
rather than rely on
would rather live
than rely on
2．It is/was not until ...that ...
(1)“not until ...” 结构常用于强调句型中，其结构为“It is/was not until ...that ...”。
(2)not until引导时间状语从句置于句首时，从句用陈述语序，主句用倒装语序。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①I didn't notice the boy could see nothing until then.
→ the boy could see nothing.(倒装句)
→ the boy could see nothing.(强调句)
Not until then did I notice
It was not until then that I noticed
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
②直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。
the first of the vitamins was identified.
③直到最近，我才知道，一只小宠物可以成为一位无助母亲的一个很有帮助的助手。
Not until recently that a little pet can be such a helpful assistant to a helpless mom.
It was not until 1911 that
have I known
2022·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I'll miss these old boats，” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean？” I asked.
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. But that's progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.“Sydney is confused about itself，” she said.“We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving (解决)．”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country，” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。悉尼作为一座海港城市，发生着日新月异的变化，这对传统形成冲击。一些传统事物正逐渐被新兴事物所取代。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Sydney's striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney's development.
D．Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的前两句以及最后一句“But it is the harbor that makes the city.”可知，正是海港造就了悉尼。因此本段主要讲述的是海港是悉尼发展的关键。
2．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A．He goes to work by boat.
B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well.
D．He is attached to the old ferries.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I'll miss these old boats”以及第五段中的“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot.”可知，Andrew Reynolds并不希望渡船被双体船取代，由此可知Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。
3．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A．It is losing its traditions.
B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population.
D．It is becoming more international.
答案：A
解析：观点态度题。根据第六段中的“Shirley Fitzgerald ...better at resolving.”可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，使得它正在失去原本的传统。
4．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.”可知，一座兼具新旧的城市有其魅力。再结合倒数第二段中的“We've got a foundation ... to beat.”和最后一段中的“He is right”可推断出，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市年轻和古老可以并存。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
观点态度题的思维建模(第3题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：明要求 根据题干确定问的是谁对什么的态度 提炼题干关键信息Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney，可以确定问的是 Shirley Fitzgerald对悉尼的看法。
第二步：抓关键 人物观点和文章主旨关系密切，同时关注引述性语言的态度倾向 第六段中Shirley Fitzgerald对自己 观点进行了说明，“Shirley Fitzgerald the city's official ...It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving.”。
第三步：定选项 客观推断人物态度 Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，使得它正在失去原本的传统。故选A。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)But it is the harbor that makes the city.________________
②(一词多义)Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living._____
使成功；使圆满
驾驶
③(熟词生义)After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city. ；_____
④(熟词生义)We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat. ___________
航行
间歇
冲劲；干劲
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①in the early 1960s ___________________
②sort of _____________________
③shuttle back and forth _________
④shut down _____
⑤replace ...with ... _______________
在20世纪60年代早期
有几分地；到某种程度
来回穿梭
关闭
用……替代……
⑥sweep aside ___________________
⑦be confused about _______________
⑧make up one's mind _________
⑨ancient cultures _________
⑩can't help doing sth. ______________
不予理会；堆到一边
对……感到困惑
下定决心
古代文化
禁不住做某事
三、寻结构破长句
1．After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
抓标志：并列连词____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：第三次航行后，安德鲁关掉了引擎，我们就各奔东西了—— 。
and
他去吃午饭，我去探索这个城市
2．What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2 000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3 000 years, and the Chinese more still.
抓标志：连接词 ；从属连词_____
判类型：主语从句＋表语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译： ，他们带来了2 000年的文化，希腊人带来了大约3 000年的文化，而中国人更多。
what；that
when
人们忘记的是，当意大利人来到澳大利亚时
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population.
赏析：宽阔的公园、美丽的海滩和文化多样化的人口，这些本来就存在的东西被一个接一个发现。作者用broad，superb，culturally diverse等形容词(短语)和one after another描绘了悉尼这座城市得天独厚的条件，让读者对这座城市有了一个形象的认知，为下文表达主题做好了铺垫。
[对点练——完成句子]
①Bill for before came across his face.
比尔在脸上露出灿烂的笑容前，呆呆地站了一会儿。
stood frozen
a little while
a broad smile
②With the development of the Chinese Internet industry, they have more access to .
随着中国互联网产业的发展，他们有更多的机会接触到多样化的国际信息和文化。
③ ,and night eventually fell.
一个又一个小时过去了，夜幕终于降临了。
diverse international information and culture
Hours passed one after another
2.(赏意境之美)Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
赏析：在20世纪70年代的现代化进程中，悉尼抛弃了很多过去的东西，包括许多最漂亮的建筑。用rush描述这一进程，用短语sweep aside描述悉尼对待过去的东西的做法，一座城市为了快速发展，将很多好的建筑和过往遗弃的情景扑面而至。
3．(赏修辞之美)“Sydney is confused about itself，” she said.
赏析：该句运用拟人化的修辞手法，让一座城市具备了人的情感，生动形象地写出了城市发展过程中遇到难以把握的问题。突出了说话者的情感，让读者感到所描写的情形活泼、形象。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共99张PPT)
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．ray n． 光线；光束；(热，电等)射线
2．acid n. 酸
adj. 酸的；酸性的
3．layer n. 层；表层；层次
4．victim n. 受害者；患者
5．nerve n. 神经
6．ease vi.&vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解
n. 容易；舒适；自在
7．swallow vt.&vi. 吞下；咽下
8．wrap vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)围住
9．bath n. 洗澡；浴缸；浴盆
vt. 给……洗澡
10．slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走
n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条
11．elderly adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)
12．carpet n. 地毯
13．delay vi.&vt. 推迟；延期(做某事)
vt. 耽误；耽搁
n. 延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
14．needle n. 针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
15．ward n. 病房
16．drown vi.&vt. (使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
17．sprain vt. 扭伤(关节)
n. 扭伤
18．ankle n. 踝；踝关节
19．panic vi.&vt. (使)惊慌
n. 惊恐；恐慌
20．scream vi.& vt. (因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫
n. 尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
21．fellow adj. 同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的
n. 男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
22．diner n. (尤指餐馆的)就餐者
23．choke vi.&vt. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽
24．steak n. 牛排；肉排
25．throat n. 咽喉；喉咙
26．slap vt. (用手掌)打、拍
n. (用手掌)打、拍；拍击声
27．fist n. 拳；拳头
28．grab vt. 抓住；攫取
n. 抓取；抢夺
29．manual n. 使用手册；说明书
adj. 用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的
30．suburb n. 郊区；城外
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．technique n. 技能；技术；技艺
2．leaflet n. 散页印刷品；传单；小册子
3．radiation n. 辐射；放射线
4．millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米
5．electric adj. 电的；用电的；电动的
6．blister n. (皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；
(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
7．underneath prep.&adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面
8．fabric n. 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
9．paramedic n. 急救医生；护理人员
10．bathtub n. 浴缸；浴盆
11．mosquito n. 蚊子
12．ambulance n. 救护车
13．obstruction n. 阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物
14．motion n. 运动；移动
15．justify vt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护；
是……的正当理由
16．welfare n. 幸福；福祉；安康；福利
17．collapse vi. (突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒
18．membership n. 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．organ n．(人或动植物的)器官→ adj.有机的；绿色的→__________ n．有机体；生物
2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→ n．少数；少数民族
3．swell vi.膨胀；肿胀→ adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
4．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→ adv.松散地；宽松地
organic
organism
minority
swollen
loosely
5．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→ adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→ adv.紧急地；急迫地→ n．紧急；急事；催促
6．operate v．操作；做手术；经营→ n．电话接线员；操作员→ n．操作；手术
7．bleed vi.流血；失血→ n．流血；失血→ n .血液
8．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断→____________ n．打断；打扰
urgent
urgently
urgency
operator
operation
bleeding
blood
interruption
9．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→ adv.绝望地；拼命地
10．practice n．练习；实践；惯例→ adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的
11．tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地→________ adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地
12．fog n．雾；迷惑；困惑→ adj.有雾的
desperately
practical
tightly
foggy
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.用“电”安全记心中
①electric adj. 电的；用电的
②electricity n. 电
③electrics n. 电路
④electrical adj. 电的；用电的
⑤electronic adj. 电子的；电子设备的
⑥electronics n. 电子学
2.“叫喊”声声不绝耳
①scream vi.&vt. 高声喊
②yell vt. 大喊；叫喊
③shout vt. 喊叫；大声说
④roar vt. 咆哮；大声地说
⑤howl vt. 大声叫喊；怒吼
⑥cry out 喊叫
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 触觉
2． 各种各样的
3． 被分成
4． 坚持；粘住
5． 要求；需要；去接(某人)
sense of touch
a variety of
be divided into
stick to
call for
6． 忍受；遭受
7． 帮助某人站起身来
8． 睡过头；迟起；睡懒觉
9． 健康状况不好
10． 袖手旁观；无动于衷
suffer from
help sb. to one's feet
sleep in
out of shape
stand by
[联想串记]
1.“各种各样的”相关短语
a variety of varieties of
all kinds of all sorts of
2.stand的相关短语
stand by 袖手旁观
stand for 代表；象征
stand out 突出；显眼
stand up for 支持；维护
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．if省略结构
教材原句 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
推荐佳句 ①If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
如果这样的话，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
②(新教材外研版必修1佳句)You must have had some moments when you were disappointed.If so, how did you deal with them
你肯定也经历过灰心丧气的时刻。在这种情况下，你是如何应对的呢？
续表
2．错综虚拟语气
教材原句 Well, if the car hadn't been in an accident, that would be a good price, but it has a few minor problems.
好的，如果这辆小汽车不是发生了事故，那会是个好价钱，但是它有一些小毛病。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)If there hadn't been the help of the Internet, I would not achieve so much in my studies.
如果没有互联网的帮助，我就不会在学习上取得这么多的成绩。
②You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
假若你当时采取我的建议，你现在就会好多了。
3．have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
教材原句 Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble breathing.
然后她意识到自己站不起来了，而且呼吸困难。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)In recent years, I have had difficulty in reading famous books.
最近几年，我在读名著方面有困难。
②(新教材译林版必修1佳句)She told me she had trouble concentrating in class.
她告诉我她在课堂上很难集中注意力。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“沮丧”
We were worrying about what could be done. But after waiting in vain for a long time, under the hot burning sun, worried and depressed, I was wandering the road aimlessly. “What if no one is willing to help us？” All of a sudden, a man with his hands waving at mom came into our view.
我们担心的是能做些什么。但在徒劳地等待了很久之后，在炙热的太阳下，既担心又沮丧，我漫无目的地徘徊在路上。“如果没有人愿意帮助我们怎么办？”突然，一个向妈妈挥手的男人进入了我们的视野。
[点评] 本段中的第二句生动形象地刻画了主人公十分沮丧且焦急的心情。常用的描写人物沮丧的词汇有：hopeless, disappointed, discouraged, despair, depress, frustrate, in despair等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She (哽咽) and her eyes brimmed with tears.
2．I couldn't believe what I saw and didn't know how to (缓解) my embarrassment.
3．I gently placed the rabbit in the box, named her Bunny and (包、裹) her in the blanket.
choked
ease
wrapped
4．Then, fortunately, someone helped me.He (抓住) my arms and pulled me up.
5．She (溜走) away without him being aware of it.
6．Without (推迟), he climbed up the tree quickly to reach for the leaf.
7．In attempting to save the child from (淹死), she nearly lost her own life.
grabbed
slipped
delay
drowning
8．Jenna (恐慌). Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly.
9．All of us were (打断) by an old flower woman through the front door.
10．(2021· 天津3月高考)My kids (尖叫) with joy.We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day.
panicked
interrupted
screamed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Only a small (minor) of students are interested in this course these days.
2．By the time I got home, my eyes were red and (swell)．
3．I suggest that you attend to the most (urge) matters.
4．His quality of life has improved dramatically since the__________ (operate)．
minority
swollen
urgent
operation
5．The best way to treat such (bleed) is to apply firm pressure.
6． (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.
7．William swiftly jumped over the covered snake and_______________ (desperate) ran towards his father.
bleeding
Interruptions
desperately
8．(2021·天津3月高考)In addition to (practice) skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.
9．A little surprised at what I said, my mom hugged me (tight)．
10．It was now the middle of November, cold and often (fog)．
practical
tightly
foggy
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We cannot and watch them being bullied.
2．The class will small groups for the oral drill.
3．The blind men trusted their own very much.
sense of touch， a variety of， be divided into， suffer from， help sb.to one's feet， sleepin， out of shape， stand by
stand by
be divided into
sense of touch
4．I'm going to tomorrow! Don't bother to wake me up.
5．Seeing the accident, he came up and the girl .
6．I am a little bit ,so I should get some exercise to keep fit.
7．One late night, he diarrhea (腹泻)and had to wake up his younger brother.
8．There are activities to take part in, ranging from making traditional food to learning calligraphy.
sleep in
helped
to her feet
out of shape
suffered from
a variety of
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble .
如果你的意识尽可能敏锐，那么你回答这些问题就不会有困难。
2．(完成句子)Don't stop speaking when you make a mistake .
当你犯错误时不要停止演讲，除非错误非常严重。
answering these questions
unless it's a truly serious one
3．(一句多译)如果我遵从老师的建议，我现在就能坐在大学教室里了。
① ,I would sit in the university classroom.
② ,I would sit in the university classroom.(倒装句)
If I had followed my teacher's advice
Had I followed my teacher's advice
4．(一句多译)正如报道的，中国已成为世界上一个重要的国家。
① ,China has become an important country in the world.(as)
② China has become an important country in the world.(it作形式主语)
③ is that China has become an important country in the world.(what引导主语从句)
5．If it is necessary, we can always change the date of our trip.
→ ,we can always change the date of our trip.(状语从句的省略)
As is reported
It is reported that
What is reported
If necessary
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事) vt.耽误；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
(单句语法填空)
①He had to delay (do) the task because of weather.
doing
②(2020·浙江高考读后续写) I was too terrified to forget to do so just now.I did as told delay.
③(2020·江苏高考)They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't (delay).
系统 归纳 (1)delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
(2)without delay 毫不延迟地；迅速地
微点 提醒 “延缓做某事，推迟做某事”的表达还有：
put off doing sth., postpone doing sth.等。
without
be delayed
2．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰；打岔；暂时中断或中止 vt.使暂停；使中断
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·浙江1月高考)Any small (interrupt) — a price check, a chatty customer — can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
interruption
②When people try (interrupt) you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then.
③She has kept up physical training for several years .
她坚持锻炼，多年来从未间断。
to interrupt
without interruption
系统归纳 (1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.) (用某事)打断某人/某事
be interrupted by 被……打断
(2)interruption n. 打断；打扰
without interruption 连续地；不断地
易混辨析 (1)interrupt 指打断别人的交谈，或者正在进行的事情。
(2)bother 指的是麻烦、拜托别人去做某件可能对方不乐意的事情。
(3)disturb 指的是别人在专心做某件事情，或者是在休息的时候，打扰了对方。
3．help sb.to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来
(完成句子)
①The girl fell down by accident.He immediately stepped forward and .
这个女孩不小心摔倒了。他立即上前帮她站起来。
helped her to her feet
②The doctor said he would soon.
医生说他不久就可以康复了。
③He was so weak that he could hardly .
他太虚弱了，以至于挣扎着也站不起来。
系统归纳 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
be back on one's feet 恢复；完全复原
get/rise to one's feet 站起身
be back on his feet
struggle to his feet
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．动词-ing形式作主语
(单句语法填空)
① (explore) space is always something we humans want to do.
② (have) a good teacher makes a big difference when you're learning to drive.
Exploring
Having
③Walking to work, (take) part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also works to easily get more physical activity.
④ It's a waste of time (play) video games every day.
taking
playing
2．动词-ing形式作宾语
(单句语法填空)
①According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week_________ (watch) TV.
②Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time_________ (pass) the exam.
③As the boy is addicted to (play) computer games, he has lost all interest in his lessons.
watching
passing
playing
④When it comes to (keep) healthy, playing sports enjoys widespread popularity among people.
⑤When we are shopping online, we should keep wise to prevent ourselves from (cheat)．
keeping
being cheated
3．动词-ing形式作定语
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①The museum had several paintings (represent) the artist's early style.
②They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
③The capital city London is an ancient port city that has a history (date) back to Roman times.
representing
coming
dating
④ The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river (wind) through the landscape，and farmers hard at work.
⑤New Zealand is a country which consists of two big islands and many smaller ones.
→New Zealand is a country two big islands and many smaller ones.(非谓语动词)
winding
consisting of
4．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
(单句语法填空)
①I observed some young students (swim) in the river then.
②With the College Entrance Examination (approach), some students are getting more and more nervous.
swimming
approaching
③And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
④I saw some elderly people (practice) Tai Chi slowly.I stopped and watched their movements closely.
surrounding
practicing
5．动词-ing形式作状语
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①He smiled suddenly, (expose) a set of amazingly white teeth.
②On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
exposing
listening
③However, her children have learned an important lesson__________ (witness) their mother earn her degree.
④The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen before, quickly (turn) the collections into best sellers.
⑤(2021·北京高考)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
witnessing
turning
resulting
⑥The mother looked at the beef being cooked on the stove and pictured the whole family having meals together.
→ the beef being cooked on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having meals together.(非谓语动词)
Looking at
[谨记规则]
动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
(1)动词-ing形式作主语：往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首；形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
(2)动词-ing形式作宾语：作动词的宾语；作介词的宾语。
(3)动词-ing形式作定语：动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲时，常置于被修饰的名词前；现在分词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
(4)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语：表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing位于感官动词后；动词-ing位于使役动词后；用于with复合结构中。
(5)动词-ing形式作状语： 可作时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步、伴随状语等。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解；使容易 n．容易；舒适；自在
常见考法 (1)ease one's mind 使某人安心
ease the pain/stress/burden 减轻痛苦/压力/负担
(2)at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
put sb.at ease 使某人放松
take one's ease 休息；轻松一下
升维考法 (1)ease用作及物动词时常接名词或代词作宾语，主语可以是人，也可以是物。
(2)ease用作不及物动词时，主语多为物。有时主动形式含有被动意义。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①With a sigh of relief, I took my bag and thanked this stranger.The stranger's friendly smile put me ease.
②He passed the important exam ease.
③The doctor promised that these pills would .
医生承诺这些药丸能缓解疼痛。
at
with
ease the pain
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④Tensions .
紧张缓解了。
⑤If we can ,we will try our best.
如果我们能够帮助他们减轻经济负担，我们一定会尽力。
had eased
help ease their financial burden
2．panic vi.&vt.(使)惊慌n.惊恐；恐慌
常见考法 (1)panic over/about/at ... 因……而恐慌
panic sb.into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)get into a panic 使陷入惊慌状态
in panic 惊慌失措地
升维考法 注意：panic的过去式：panicked；
过去分词：panicked；
现在分词：panicking
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·浙江1月高考)I got into panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use.
②Office workers fled panic as the fire broke out.
a
in
③The big fire panicked the operator into (jump) from the third floor to the ground.
④(2021·浙江1月高考写作)I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer. ,I began to cry.
我被困了五六分钟，虽然感觉要长得多。我越来越惊慌，开始哭起来。
jumping
Growing more panic
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/一句多译)
⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.Jenna (panic)．
⑥我惊慌失措，完全忘记了如何控制一匹马。
→I was I forgot how to control a horse completely.(so ... that)
→ that I forgot how to control a horse completely.(倒装句)
panicked
so panicked that
So panicked was I
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．if引导的状语从句的省略结构
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①There won't be much difficulty, if there is any.
→There won't be much difficulty, .
②It is always best to choose organically grown foods if it is possible.
→It is always best to choose organically grown foods .
if any
if possible
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③如果必要的话，我们能帮你们找一位有经验的导游。
④如果可能的话，不要把钱花在无用的东西上。
⑤如果这样的话，你应该立即实施急救。
If necessary, we can find an experienced guide for you.
Don't spend money on useless things if possible.
If so, you should do first aid without delay.
2．错综虚拟语气
if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
对现在的虚拟 一般过去式 (be动词用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形
对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
对将来的虚拟 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形
一般过去式
were to＋动词原形
[名师点津] 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
续表
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子)
①If we ,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.
如果我们赶上昨天的航班，我们就可以在海滩上度假了。
②If it ,the ground would be wet now.
要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
had caught the flight yesterday
had rained last night
③If it tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.
如果明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟运动会。
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美(一句多译)
如果当时采取我的建议，你现在就不会有麻烦了。
④
⑤ (倒装句)
should rain/were to rain/rained
If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.
Had you taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.
2019·浙江6月高考·阅读理解C篇
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)．
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中“The number of trees ...declined by 50 percent ... more than 55 percent ...75 percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加利福尼亚州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性。
2．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，声势浩大的野外火灾控制措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树竞争资源，从而导致大树数量减少。
3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
段落大意题的思维建模(第1题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent ...___________
②(熟词生义)Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. ____________
③(一词多义)．..McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development._____
(数量)减少
主要；首席
记录
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①decline by ___________
②contribute to ___________
③be crowded with _____
④compete with ___________
⑤protect ... from ... _________________
下降了……
导致；促使
挤满
与……竞争
保护……免受……
⑥figure out _____________
⑦in comparison with ___________
⑧take into account _______
⑨drive up _____
⑩be available to _____________
计算出；查明
与……比较
考虑到
抬升
可供……利用
三、寻结构破长句
1．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt.
抓标志：关系代词 ;连接词_____
that
how
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含有一个宾语从句以及现在分词短语作状语)
试翻译：研究人员通过一个计算机模型计算出树木的水分压力， ，并考虑了降雨、空气温度、土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素。
该模型计算出树木获得的水分，与它们所需的水分之间进行比较
2．Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
抓标志：插入语 ;关系代词 ；并列连词 ；关系代词______
McIntyre said
which
and
which
判类型：分隔结构＋主句＋定语从句＋并列连词＋定语从句
试翻译：麦金太尔说，自20世纪30年代以来，造成该州水资源紧张的最大因素是气温上升， ，以及融雪提前， 。
这导致树木流失更多的水分到空气中
这减少了旱季树木的水供应
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
赏析：本句中使用aggressive这个褒贬倾向兼具的词隐晦地表达了作者对野火控制措施的不认可；使用crowded，compete等词形象描述了加州森林长满了小树的情景以及小树与大树争夺资源的关系。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①All the fantastic memory (crowd) in and she couldn't help crying.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) (compete)．
③What's worse, if exposed to violent games, players tend to be______________ (aggressive)than usual.
crowded
competition
more aggressive
2.(赏意境之美)No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.
赏析：此句运用from ...to ...to ...以及双重否定(No area was spared or unaffected)表达强调的写作手法把“美国加州的森林中大树急剧减少”这一令人担忧的具体情形描述的情景交融。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（五）”
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谢
观
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