6 / 6
UNIT 1 主题训练 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·石家庄二模)My Ph.D.adviser informed me I had failed my qualifying exam on my third attempt, which meant dismissal from the program.How was it possible that one exam — one hour of my life — could define me as unfit to be a scientist
I wasn't sure what to expect when I started my Ph.D.program.I struggled with my classes during my first year, spending countless hours studying in the library.I ended that year with increased confidence.But soon my confidence went when I made my first attempt at the qualifying exam.I had switched research projects 5 months earlier, after my first adviser left the university, so I wasn't so confident going into the exam.Besides, I had never taken an oral exam before, so the experience was terrifying.
Once it was over, my committee told me I'd conditionally passed, which meant I had to take more time to study and prepare to talk about the topic further.I was shaken but still hopeful.But when I retook the exam, I failed again.That's when I was told I'd have one more chance.
For the next 5 months, I asked my committee chairs for guidance and practiced answering oral questions.I even stopped doing lab work to focus on my exam preparations.I was all in.
When the exam was over, I left the room feeling a mix of fear and relief.But those feelings changed to disappointment the next day after I learned I'd failed.I speak Spanish at home, but I have difficulty translating even the simplest scientific concepts into Spanish.This hampered my ability to comfortably speak the expected “language of science.”
My adviser requested to reinstate (恢复) me to the Ph.D.program, and I'm now back to working on my doctorate.I still have a little voice in the back of my head that I'm not good enough.But I try to stop it by surrounding myself with professors who support me and by staying focused on developing into the great scientist I know I can be.I am much more than that one-hour exam.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在攻读博士学位时，尽管经历很多次失败，但仍不气馁，始终都意志坚定地坚持自己成为科学家的梦想。
1．How did the author feel by the end of the first year
A．Confident. B．Terrified.
C．Worn out. D．At a loss.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I ended that year with increased confidence.”可知，在第一年年底时，作者感觉到特别有信心。故选A。
2．Why did the author switch her research project
A．She found it too hard for her.
B．Her adviser dismissed her from it.
C．She failed the qualifying exam.
D．Her adviser no longer worked there.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I had switched research projects 5 months earlier, after my first adviser left the university”可知，她的导师已不再在那里工作了，所以她改变了研究项目。故选D。
3．What affected her performance in the third exam
A．Lack of preparation.
B．Decreased confidence.
C．Insufficient language skills.
D．Too much time on lab work.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段中“I speak Spanish at home, but ... hampered my ability to comfortably speak the expected ‘language of science.’”可知，是因为她的语言技能不足影响了她在第三次考试中的表现。故选C。
4．Which word best describes the author
A．Intelligent. B．Sensitive.
C．Energetic. D．Determined.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But I try to stop it ... I know I can be.”可知，作者讲述了自己在攻读博士学位时，尽管经历很多次失败，但仍不气馁，始终在坚持自己成为科学家的梦想，由此可以推断出作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
B
Food miles are the total distance food travels before being sold. Our food tends to be less tasty and less healthy after traveling long distances. What's more, the farther food travels, the more it contributes to emitting greenhouse gases. Cape Eleuthera Island School in the Bahamas shows us a delicious way to cut food miles.
Food on campus travels just steps from the gardens to the plates. The school uses an aquaponic system on campus for growing vegetables, which are served in its dining hall. Under this system, the plants get their nutrition from recycled fish waste, while fish swim around in big tanks of water and dirty water gets pumped to the vegetable. Fish waste feeds the plants and the plants purify the water, returning clean H2O to the tank. The aquaponic system uses much less water than traditional farming and is less dependent on good weather.
Students from around the world spend a semester learning hands-on experiences here. Digging in the dirt, doing fieldwork on the farm, students are taught at the aquaponic garden to harvest the lettuce and put it in buckets ready for delivery. No trucks or cars needed for transport. It's only a bicycle ride or a short walk along the bridge made from recycled rubber and plastics to the dining hall kitchen. All the fruits, vegetables grown, and fish harvested on campus stay on campus.
The students will leave the Island School as confident teens to lead an eco-aware life at home. “When I returned home, I threw myself into sustainability-related projects.” says Anna, a spring student. Anna and her friends use cloth napkins and reusable straws. “We usually walk and bike，” she adds. “When the weather is terrible, we carpool (拼车)．”
Students at the Island School are helping to change the planet by living what they've learned and reducing their food miles, one meal at a time.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Cape Eleuthera Island School为减少食物运输里程，在校园中种植蔬菜、养鱼，并且把劳动所得用于自己的食堂中，此举还影响了学生，让他们更加注重环保和养成可持续性习惯。
5．Why does Cape Eleuthera Island School grow its own food
A．To reduce food miles.
B．To grow more tasty food.
C．To feed the students on campus.
D．To teach students hand-on skills.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Cape Eleuthera Island School种植自己的食物是为了减少食物里程。
6．Why does the aquaponic system need fish
A．They provide food for the plants.
B．They can be sold in the market.
C．They clean water for the plants.
D．They are used to decorate the big tanks.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Under this system ... returning clean H2O to the tank.”可知，复合养殖系统需要鱼，因为它们为植物提供食物。
7．Which of the following helps cut food miles at Cape Eleuthera Island School
A．Using the water-saving aquaponic system.
B．Building bridges from recycled rubber.
C．Serving campus-grown vegetables in its dining hall.
D．Teaching students to work at the aquaponic garden.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句和第三段最后两句可知，为学校食堂供应校园种植的蔬菜有助于减少食物里程。
8．What effect did attending Cape Eleuthera Island School have on Anna
A．It showed her how poorly she was eating before.
B．It caused her to change her habits to be more sustainable.
C．It showed her how to make connections with her friends.
D．It taught her to set up an aquaponic system back home.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推断，Cape Eleuthera Island School让Anna改变了生活习惯，变得更可持续性。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One hot summer day, a young couple and their four-year-old daughter, Rosemerry, were on their way to the mountains for a few weeks' vacation. On the way, they had a car accident and were injured seriously. They were immediately taken to the nearest hospital, where Rosemerry was brought to the children's ward and her parents were taken to the intensive care unit. As can be imagined, Rosemerry was not only in great pain, but she was also very frightened because her parents were not nearby to give her comfort.
Martha, the nurse who attended to Rosemerry, was a single, older woman. She understood Rosemerry' fear and insecurity and became very devoted to her. When Martha finished her job, instead of going home, she would volunteer to stay with Rosemerry at night. Of course. Rosemerry grew very fond of her and depended on her for her every need.
After many months in hospital, the family finally recovered and were ready to go home. Before they left the hospital, the parents thanked Martha for her devoted and loving care and invited her to visit them.
Rosemerry would not let go of Martha, and insisted that she come to live with them. Martha also did not want to be parted from her little Rosemerry, but her life was in the children's ward of the hospital and she couldn't think of leaving. There was a tearful parting as Rosemerry and the loving nurse said good-bye to each other. For a few months the family kept up a close relationship with Martha — through phone calls only, since they lived quite a distance from her. When they moved abroad, however, they lost contact with each other.
Over thirty years passed. One winter, Martha, who was now in her seventies, became seriously ill and stayed in a hospital near her home. There was a certain nurse on duty who noticed that Martha had very few visitors. She tried her best to give the elderly lady special care, and she saw that she was a sensitive clever person.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
One night the nurse was sitting near her elderly patient and they were chatting quietly.
Paragraph 2：
As the nurse's story unfolded, tears flowed from the elderly patient's eyes.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
One night the nurse was sitting near her elderly patient and they were chatting quietly. The nurse told her the accident thirty years ago. A wonderful nurse had brought her back to health with her caring devotion. As she grew older, she determined to become a nurse and help those in need — just as that nurse had done for her.
Paragraph 2：
As the nurse's story unfolded, tears flowed from the elderly patient's eyes. Realizing this nurse was surely her little Rosemerry, Martha said softly, “Rosemerry, we are together again, but this time you are my nurse！” Rosemerry's eyes opened wide as she stared at Martha, suddenly recognizing her. “Is it really you？” she cried out, “How many times I prayed that someday we would meet again！”
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①canteen □ ②access □
③contest □ ④develop □
⑤determine □ ⑥educate □
⑦effect □ ⑧equipment □
⑨excellent □ ⑩motivate □
favourite □ improve □
magazine □ praise □
prepare □ progress □
proud □ require □
schedule □ scholarship □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
excellent， canteen， contest， motivate， progress， praise， magazine， favourite， scholarship， schedule
1．In spite of the mess I made, I was_praised,_which made me proud.
2．The event included an English speech contest and an English play show.
3．There was a time when I often stayed up late to watch my favourite films.
4．This will make you feel good about your little successes and motivate you to keep up with the good work.
5．I'm glad to say we have made great progress in English reading and listening, but we still have a long way to go.
6．She wants to go to college, but as a girl born poor, the only way is to get a scholarship.
7．After seeing the excellent performances of athletes in the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, Chinese teenagers set off an upsurge of learning skiing.
8．You'd better take some home-cooking for lunch or buy some fresh food from the school canteen.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Traditional festivals are a source of national pride (proud) and help shape our national identity.
2．Smoking can increase the risk of developing (develop) heart disease.
3．It is widely recognized that thought decides behavior; nothing will be hard for a determined (determine) and persistent person.
4．I think Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the most traditional festivals in China with educational (education) meanings.
5．It would be a good idea if you read English newspapers and magazines (magazine)．
6．I wonder if my plan can meet your requirements (require) and expectations.
7．My English has_improved (improve) a lot over the past months because of my hard work.
8．Children in poor areas will benefit from those used books because it's difficult for them to have access to such extra-curricular books.
9．One effective (effect) method recommended is to transform the way of travelling around.
10．As scheduled (schedule), it will be held in Room 316 of the Teaching Building from 4：00 pm to 5：00 pm.6 / 6
UNIT 1 主题训练 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·石家庄二模)My Ph.D.adviser informed me I had failed my qualifying exam on my third attempt, which meant dismissal from the program.How was it possible that one exam — one hour of my life — could define me as unfit to be a scientist
I wasn't sure what to expect when I started my Ph.D.program.I struggled with my classes during my first year, spending countless hours studying in the library.I ended that year with increased confidence.But soon my confidence went when I made my first attempt at the qualifying exam.I had switched research projects 5 months earlier, after my first adviser left the university, so I wasn't so confident going into the exam.Besides, I had never taken an oral exam before, so the experience was terrifying.
Once it was over, my committee told me I'd conditionally passed, which meant I had to take more time to study and prepare to talk about the topic further.I was shaken but still hopeful.But when I retook the exam, I failed again.That's when I was told I'd have one more chance.
For the next 5 months, I asked my committee chairs for guidance and practiced answering oral questions.I even stopped doing lab work to focus on my exam preparations.I was all in.
When the exam was over, I left the room feeling a mix of fear and relief.But those feelings changed to disappointment the next day after I learned I'd failed.I speak Spanish at home, but I have difficulty translating even the simplest scientific concepts into Spanish.This hampered my ability to comfortably speak the expected “language of science.”
My adviser requested to reinstate (恢复) me to the Ph.D.program, and I'm now back to working on my doctorate.I still have a little voice in the back of my head that I'm not good enough.But I try to stop it by surrounding myself with professors who support me and by staying focused on developing into the great scientist I know I can be.I am much more than that one-hour exam.
1．How did the author feel by the end of the first year
A．Confident. B．Terrified.
C．Worn out. D．At a loss.
2．Why did the author switch her research project
A．She found it too hard for her.
B．Her adviser dismissed her from it.
C．She failed the qualifying exam.
D．Her adviser no longer worked there.
3．What affected her performance in the third exam
A．Lack of preparation.
B．Decreased confidence.
C．Insufficient language skills.
D．Too much time on lab work.
4．Which word best describes the author
A．Intelligent. B．Sensitive.
C．Energetic. D．Determined.
B
Food miles are the total distance food travels before being sold. Our food tends to be less tasty and less healthy after traveling long distances. What's more, the farther food travels, the more it contributes to emitting greenhouse gases. Cape Eleuthera Island School in the Bahamas shows us a delicious way to cut food miles.
Food on campus travels just steps from the gardens to the plates. The school uses an aquaponic system on campus for growing vegetables, which are served in its dining hall. Under this system, the plants get their nutrition from recycled fish waste, while fish swim around in big tanks of water and dirty water gets pumped to the vegetable. Fish waste feeds the plants and the plants purify the water, returning clean H2O to the tank. The aquaponic system uses much less water than traditional farming and is less dependent on good weather.
Students from around the world spend a semester learning hands-on experiences here. Digging in the dirt, doing fieldwork on the farm, students are taught at the aquaponic garden to harvest the lettuce and put it in buckets ready for delivery. No trucks or cars needed for transport. It's only a bicycle ride or a short walk along the bridge made from recycled rubber and plastics to the dining hall kitchen. All the fruits, vegetables grown, and fish harvested on campus stay on campus.
The students will leave the Island School as confident teens to lead an eco-aware life at home. “When I returned home, I threw myself into sustainability-related projects.” says Anna, a spring student. Anna and her friends use cloth napkins and reusable straws. “We usually walk and bike，” she adds. “When the weather is terrible, we carpool (拼车)．”
Students at the Island School are helping to change the planet by living what they've learned and reducing their food miles, one meal at a time.
5．Why does Cape Eleuthera Island School grow its own food
A．To reduce food miles.
B．To grow more tasty food.
C．To feed the students on campus.
D．To teach students hand-on skills.
6．Why does the aquaponic system need fish
A．They provide food for the plants.
B．They can be sold in the market.
C．They clean water for the plants.
D．They are used to decorate the big tanks.
7．Which of the following helps cut food miles at Cape Eleuthera Island School
A．Using the water-saving aquaponic system.
B．Building bridges from recycled rubber.
C．Serving campus-grown vegetables in its dining hall.
D．Teaching students to work at the aquaponic garden.
8．What effect did attending Cape Eleuthera Island School have on Anna
A．It showed her how poorly she was eating before.
B．It caused her to change her habits to be more sustainable.
C．It showed her how to make connections with her friends.
D．It taught her to set up an aquaponic system back home.
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One hot summer day, a young couple and their four-year-old daughter, Rosemerry, were on their way to the mountains for a few weeks' vacation. On the way, they had a car accident and were injured seriously. They were immediately taken to the nearest hospital, where Rosemerry was brought to the children's ward and her parents were taken to the intensive care unit. As can be imagined, Rosemerry was not only in great pain, but she was also very frightened because her parents were not nearby to give her comfort.
Martha, the nurse who attended to Rosemerry, was a single, older woman. She understood Rosemerry' fear and insecurity and became very devoted to her. When Martha finished her job, instead of going home, she would volunteer to stay with Rosemerry at night. Of course. Rosemerry grew very fond of her and depended on her for her every need.
After many months in hospital, the family finally recovered and were ready to go home. Before they left the hospital, the parents thanked Martha for her devoted and loving care and invited her to visit them.
Rosemerry would not let go of Martha, and insisted that she come to live with them. Martha also did not want to be parted from her little Rosemerry, but her life was in the children's ward of the hospital and she couldn't think of leaving. There was a tearful parting as Rosemerry and the loving nurse said good-bye to each other. For a few months the family kept up a close relationship with Martha — through phone calls only, since they lived quite a distance from her. When they moved abroad, however, they lost contact with each other.
Over thirty years passed. One winter, Martha, who was now in her seventies, became seriously ill and stayed in a hospital near her home. There was a certain nurse on duty who noticed that Martha had very few visitors. She tried her best to give the elderly lady special care, and she saw that she was a sensitive clever person.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
One night the nurse was sitting near her elderly patient and they were chatting quietly.
Paragraph 2：
As the nurse's story unfolded, tears flowed from the elderly patient's eyes.
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①canteen □ ②access □
③contest □ ④develop □
⑤determine □ ⑥educate □
⑦effect □ ⑧equipment □
⑨excellent □ ⑩motivate □
favourite □ improve □
magazine □ praise □
prepare □ progress □
proud □ require □
schedule □ scholarship □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
excellent， canteen， contest， motivate， progress， praise， magazine， favourite， scholarship， schedule
1．In spite of the mess I made, I ______________which made me proud.
2．The event included an English speech ______ and an English play show.
3．There was a time when I often stayed up late to watch my ______ films.
4．This will make you feel good about your little successes and ______ you to keep up with the good work.
5．I'm glad to say we have made great ______ in English reading and listening, but we still have a long way to go.
6．She wants to go to college, but as a girl born poor, the only way is to get a ______.
7．After seeing the ______ performances of athletes in the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, Chinese teenagers set off an upsurge of learning skiing.
8．You'd better take some home-cooking for lunch or buy some fresh food from the school ______.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Traditional festivals are a source of national ______ (proud) and help shape our national identity.
2．Smoking can increase the risk of ______ (develop) heart disease.
3．It is widely recognized that thought decides behavior; nothing will be hard for a ______ (determine) and persistent person.
4．I think Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the most traditional festivals in China with ______ (education) meanings.
5．It would be a good idea if you read English newspapers and ______ (magazine)．
6．I wonder if my plan can meet your ______ (require) and expectations.
7．My English _____________ (improve) a lot over the past months because of my hard work.
8．Children in poor areas will benefit from those used books because it's difficult for them to have access ______ such extra-curricular books.
9．One ______ (effect) method recommended is to transform the way of travelling around.
10．As ______ (schedule), it will be held in Room 316 of the Teaching Building from 4：00 pm to 5：00 pm.7 / 7
UNIT 2 主题训练 自然环境、自然遗产保护
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·大连模拟预测)If your family loves to travel but you worry about the environmental, social and economic effect, it's time to take a more sustainable approach to your trips.
Wales
Wales packs many sustainable activities for kids.Camp in one of many green campsites around Pembrokeshire, where children can have fun learning about sustainable living.Or find an environmentally friendly campsite at The Greener Camping Club.Don't forget to factor in a spin on the world's only people-powered rollercoaster in Snowdonia.
Volcán Tenorio Area
When you think about taking your kids to Costa Rica, you normally focus on viewing its incredible wildlife.But what about giving back to the human residents too One way to support local communities and understand the Tico culture is by staying on a farm, and there are loads of lovely options around Volcán Tenorio.
Austria
Explore the kid-friendly Austrian capital of Vienna, which offers more organic farmland than any other city and has both “Green Taxis” and plenty of bike-share stations.The city has some fantastic museums for children and the splendid Schloss Schonbrunn where kids can dress up.
San Francisco
San Francisco is perfect for a break that will both delight the kids and satisfy your sustainability principles.The city has banned plastic bags and bottles for years.Plus, most of the fun things to do with kids can be accessed without using a car and many involve green spaces.
Head to the Exploratorium: an incredible hands-on science museum in a solar-powered building.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个绿色旅行目的地。
1．Which destination best suits families that enjoy camping
A．Wales. B．Volcán Tenorio Area.
C．Austria. D．San Francisco.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据Wales部分中“Camp in one of many green campsites around Pembrokeshire, where children ... at The Greener Camping Club.”可知，威尔士适合喜欢露营的家庭。故选A。
2．What advantage of Austria and San Francisco appeals to kids
A．Farmland. B．Museums.
C．Animals. D．Rollercoasters.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据Austria部分中“The city has some fantastic museums for children ...”及San Francisco部分中“Head to the Exploratorium: an incredible hands-on science museum in a solar-powered building.”可知，奥地利和旧金山吸引孩子的优势是博物馆。故选B。
3．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Science. B．Travel.
C．Sports. D．Agriculture.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第一段“If your family loves to travel but you worry about ... a more sustainable approach to your trips.”可知，文章介绍了几个绿色旅行目的地，应是出自报纸的旅行部分。故选B。
B
(2023·黄冈三模)Dozens of sea turtles swim past as I dive.Suddenly a diver cuts me off.Then another.“Hey！” I think.“Watch where you're going！” Then I realize: These aren't divers.They are sea lions! The creatures blow bubbles at me and the group of 11 kids I'm on vocations with, hitting us slightly on our backs.To not bother them much, we tear ourselves away from the wonderland.
We take this trip to the Galapagos Islands, a group of tropical islands crossing the equator.Our hotel is a boat called the Eclipse that has a pool.Humans aren't allowed to live on most of the islands.The only way people can experience the magic of this place and meet animals on all the islands is by “panga”．“Our small motorboat is more important than the Eclipse.It's very safe，” says a local guide, Fielsch.Lack of human threat makes the animals friendly.“They don't know enough to be scared of humans.” Our group experience that firsthand.When we return after our diving adventure, we find sea lions lying next to our backpacks! Walking along the sand, we see more wildlife: seals, red crabs, orcas.
The following morning, we reach Fernandina Island, known for its volcano.Flightless birds called cormorants build nests on the rocks.Nearby are Galapagos penguins.Averaging about 19 inches in height, they're the second smallest species of penguin in the world.“The Galapagos are so curious，” says 12-year-old Harry.“You've got penguins living far from the frozen South Pole, and birds that don't fly！”
As we ride back, six penguins stand like soldiers, seeming to say goodbye.It's our last day; none of us wants to leave this place.We know this trip has been a milestone for us.A marked shift in our attitudes towards the natural world is underway.“The Galapagos Islands seem to break the world's rules，” says Harry.“More than ever, I'm interested in saving the environment.These animals truly need our care，” his sister Hannah adds.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了到加拉帕戈斯岛旅行的经历。这次旅行对作者的团队来说是一个里程碑，它改变了他们对自然的看法。
4．How does the author find the diving experience
A．Attractive. B．Disturbing.
C．Dangerous. D．Valuable.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者认为这次潜水的地方简直是个仙境。由此可推知，这次潜水的经历是很有吸引力的。故选A。
5．What's the function of “panga”？
A．To protect people from danger.
B．To provide a shelter for local people.
C．To guide people in seeing the animals.
D．To transport people to each of the islands.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段第四、五句“The only way people can experience the magic ... more important than the Eclipse.”可推知，“panga”的功能是将人们送到每个岛上。故选D。
6．What's special about Galapagos penguins
A．They are not able to fly.
B．They remain hidden from view.
C．They live in a tropical climate.
D．They're the smallest of their kind.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，有些企鹅住在远离南极的地方。由此可推知，加拉帕戈斯企鹅生活在热带气候中。故选C。
7．Why is the trip considered a milestone for the author's group
A．It expands their knowledge of the world.
B．It changes the way they think about nature.
C．It inspires them to protect the environment.
D．It enables them to interact with various wildlife.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We know this trip has been a milestone for us.A marked shift in our attitudes towards the natural world is underway.”可知，这次旅行对作者的团队来说是一个里程碑，它改变了他们对大自然的看法。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·重庆一模)A 23-year-old woman has achieved an unbelievable feat that many of us dream of — visiting every country on Earth.
Lexie Alford was born into a family of travel agents, which gave her the opportunity to __8__ places such as Cambodia, Dubai and Egypt during her childhood, according to Forbes magazine.She began saving up at age 12 to __9__ her goal of visiting all countries.By her 18th birthday, she had travelled to 72 nations.In October, 2016, she realized she could see the __10__ nations on her list in time to set an official record.Many people __11__ her travel on social media platform Instagram, so she decided to chase the world record partly to __12__ others.
“__13__， in the beginning, I simply wanted to push the __14__ of what I thought I could do with my life and see as much of the world as possible in the __15__，” she told Forbes.“It wasn't until things started getting really __16__ that I realized I was inspiring people around me, especially the __17__.”
“I also loved visiting Northern Pakistan, for the natural beauty of the mountains and kindness of the locals were astonishing，” Lexie Alford said.“The most pleasant surprise about travelling to all these misunderstood areas of the world was that the countries that I had the __18__ expectation for __19__ being the most incredible.”
“My __20__ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do.If you want to travel, you have to __21__ sacrifices to travel around the world.And it's only a matter of __22__ until you can make it a reality.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名23岁的女子莱克西·阿尔福德完成了一件令人难以置信的事情——访问地球上的每个国家，这一举动激励着无数年轻人。
8．A.remark B．settle
C．tour D．love
解析：选C 根据句中“a family of travel agents”可知，莱克西·阿尔福德的家人是开旅行社的。由此可知，她有机会游览(tour)世界各地。故选C。
9．A.fund B．quit
C．switch D．register
解析：选A 根据句中“saving up”可知，她攒钱的目的应该是为游览所有国家提供资金(fund)。故选A。
10．A.powerful B．ideal
C．developed D．remaining
解析：选D 根据上文“By her 18th birthday, she had travelled to 72 nations.”可知，她已经游览了72个国家。由此可知，她打算去看清单上剩下的(remaining)国家。故选D。
11．A.ranked B．modified
C．followed D．criticized
解析：选C 根据第三段中“I realized I was inspiring people around me”可知，她意识到她的旅行激励了周围的人。由此可知，有许多人在社交媒体平台上关注(followed)她的旅行，并受到了激励。故选C。
12．A.inspire B．grill
C．understand D．accompany
解析：选A 根据第三段“I realized I was inspiring people around me”中的“inspiring”可知，她意识到她的旅行激励了周围的人。由此可知，她决定努力获得世界纪录，部分是为了激励(inspire)他人。故选A。
13．A.Occasionally B．Honestly
C．Completely D．Temporarily
解析：选B 根据句中“in the beginning, I simply wanted to push the ________ of what I thought I could do with my life”可知，空格后介绍的是莱克西·阿尔福德最开始的想法。“Honestly”意为“诚实地，老实说”，能够表明说话人的态度。故选B。
14．A.dream B．button
C．family D．growth
解析：选A 根据上文“She began saving up at age 12 to ________ her goal of visiting all countries.”可知，游览所有国家是她的目标，是她的梦想。由此可知，一开始，她只是想去追求她的梦想(dream)。故选A。
15．A.platform B．agency
C．process D．country
解析：选C 根据句中“see as much of the world as possible”可知，游览所有国家是她的梦想。由此可知，是在追求梦想的过程(process)中尽可能多地看世界。故选C。
16．A.dull B．official
C．natural D．challenging
解析：选D 根据句中“I realized I was inspiring people around me”可知，“我”意识到“我”的旅行经历在鼓舞周围的人，不再只是单纯的旅行。由此可知，旅行这件事被赋予了更深的意义，开始变得具有挑战性(challenging)。故选D。
17．A.adult B．youth
C．bosses D．agents
解析：选B 根据最后一段第一句“My ________ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do.”中的“young people”可知，“我”的经历主要鼓舞的是年轻人(youth)。故选B。
18．A.most B．least
C．greatest D．worst
解析：选B 根据句中“misunderstood areas of the world”可知，句中指的是前往世界上被误解的地区旅行。由此可知，这些被误解的地区本来是我最不期待的国家，“least”意为“最少的”，修饰“expectation”。故选B。
19．A.started with B．showed off
C．ended up D．searched for
解析：选C 根据句中“the ________ expectation”和“the most incredible”可知，句中指的是最不期待的国家最终成为了最不可思议的国家，“end up”意为“(通常指意外地)最终”，符合语境。故选C。
20．A.advice B．compromise
C．belief D．information
解析：选A 根据句中“to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do”可知，“相信你可以做任何你下定决心要做的事”应该是莱克西·阿尔福德给年轻人的建议(advice)。故选A。
21．A.save B．appreciate
C．worsen D．make
解析：选D 根据空格后“sacrifices”可知，为了实现周游世界的梦想，需要做出(make)牺牲。故选D。
22．A.honor B．career
C．time D．assessment
解析：选C 根据上文“My ________ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do.”可知，她建议年轻人相信自己可以做任何自己下定决心要做的事。由此可知，只要肯努力，实现梦想只是一个时间(time)问题。故选C。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①arrive □ ②attract □
③convenient □ ④crowd □
⑤secure □ ⑥tour □
⑦wonder □ ⑧arrange □
⑨sightseeing □ ⑩queue □
delay □ abroad □
reserve □ remote □
voyage □ distance □
preference □ luggage □
insurance □ outing □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
attract， sightseeing， queue， abroad， remote， voyage， luggage， insurance， outing，reserve
1．Moreover, the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots.
2．We've fixed the date for the outing and we'll go regardless of wind or rain.
3．Having settled in that remote area for a year, the young man finally adapted to the weather.
4．Jiuzhaigou National Park is a nature reserve in the north of Sichuan Province.
5．We were_attracted by various exhibits of the museum immediately we entered it.
6．When her husband died, she received ￡50,000 in insurance.
7．I've read your discussion on how to behave properly when we're traveling abroad.
8．Also, be aware that queue jumping is unacceptable in many countries.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He delayed telling (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment.
2．In order to stay away from Omicron, we'd better not go to public places crowded (crowd) with people.
3．Because of its rich history and magnificent appearance, the Great Wall attracts a lot of tourists (tour), scientists, and historians.
4．I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your earliest convenience (convenient)．
5．Shortly after my arrival (arrive) at the school, I was befriended by an older girl.
6．They have just returned from faraway places with wonderful (wonder) stories to tell.
7．Spending too much time in the virtual world, addicts will become cold and distant (distance)．
8．Thanks to the hot and humid climate, people have developed a preference (prefer) for the spicy hotpot, which is the most well-known dish of Chongqing.
9．Last Saturday I attended a lecture on network security (secure)．
10．I'm delighted to receive your letter in which you asked about our arrangements (arrange) for the World Reading Day.7 / 7
UNIT 2 主题训练 自然环境、自然遗产保护
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·大连模拟预测)If your family loves to travel but you worry about the environmental, social and economic effect, it's time to take a more sustainable approach to your trips.
Wales
Wales packs many sustainable activities for kids.Camp in one of many green campsites around Pembrokeshire, where children can have fun learning about sustainable living.Or find an environmentally friendly campsite at The Greener Camping Club.Don't forget to factor in a spin on the world's only people-powered rollercoaster in Snowdonia.
Volcán Tenorio Area
When you think about taking your kids to Costa Rica, you normally focus on viewing its incredible wildlife.But what about giving back to the human residents too One way to support local communities and understand the Tico culture is by staying on a farm, and there are loads of lovely options around Volcán Tenorio.
Austria
Explore the kid-friendly Austrian capital of Vienna, which offers more organic farmland than any other city and has both “Green Taxis” and plenty of bike-share stations.The city has some fantastic museums for children and the splendid Schloss Schonbrunn where kids can dress up.
San Francisco
San Francisco is perfect for a break that will both delight the kids and satisfy your sustainability principles.The city has banned plastic bags and bottles for years.Plus, most of the fun things to do with kids can be accessed without using a car and many involve green spaces.
Head to the Exploratorium: an incredible hands-on science museum in a solar-powered building.
1．Which destination best suits families that enjoy camping
A．Wales. B．Volcán Tenorio Area.
C．Austria. D．San Francisco.
2．What advantage of Austria and San Francisco appeals to kids
A．Farmland. B．Museums.
C．Animals. D．Rollercoasters.
3．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Science. B．Travel.
C．Sports. D．Agriculture.
B
(2023·黄冈三模)Dozens of sea turtles swim past as I dive.Suddenly a diver cuts me off.Then another.“Hey！” I think.“Watch where you're going！” Then I realize: These aren't divers.They are sea lions! The creatures blow bubbles at me and the group of 11 kids I'm on vocations with, hitting us slightly on our backs.To not bother them much, we tear ourselves away from the wonderland.
We take this trip to the Galapagos Islands, a group of tropical islands crossing the equator.Our hotel is a boat called the Eclipse that has a pool.Humans aren't allowed to live on most of the islands.The only way people can experience the magic of this place and meet animals on all the islands is by “panga”．“Our small motorboat is more important than the Eclipse.It's very safe，” says a local guide, Fielsch.Lack of human threat makes the animals friendly.“They don't know enough to be scared of humans.” Our group experience that firsthand.When we return after our diving adventure, we find sea lions lying next to our backpacks! Walking along the sand, we see more wildlife: seals, red crabs, orcas.
The following morning, we reach Fernandina Island, known for its volcano.Flightless birds called cormorants build nests on the rocks.Nearby are Galapagos penguins.Averaging about 19 inches in height, they're the second smallest species of penguin in the world.“The Galapagos are so curious，” says 12-year-old Harry.“You've got penguins living far from the frozen South Pole, and birds that don't fly！”
As we ride back, six penguins stand like soldiers, seeming to say goodbye.It's our last day; none of us wants to leave this place.We know this trip has been a milestone for us.A marked shift in our attitudes towards the natural world is underway.“The Galapagos Islands seem to break the world's rules，” says Harry.“More than ever, I'm interested in saving the environment.These animals truly need our care，” his sister Hannah adds.
4．How does the author find the diving experience
A．Attractive. B．Disturbing.
C．Dangerous. D．Valuable.
5．What's the function of “panga”？
A．To protect people from danger.
B．To provide a shelter for local people.
C．To guide people in seeing the animals.
D．To transport people to each of the islands.
6．What's special about Galapagos penguins
A．They are not able to fly.
B．They remain hidden from view.
C．They live in a tropical climate.
D．They're the smallest of their kind.
7．Why is the trip considered a milestone for the author's group
A．It expands their knowledge of the world.
B．It changes the way they think about nature.
C．It inspires them to protect the environment.
D．It enables them to interact with various wildlife.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·重庆一模)A 23-year-old woman has achieved an unbelievable feat that many of us dream of — visiting every country on Earth.
Lexie Alford was born into a family of travel agents, which gave her the opportunity to __8__ places such as Cambodia, Dubai and Egypt during her childhood, according to Forbes magazine.She began saving up at age 12 to __9__ her goal of visiting all countries.By her 18th birthday, she had travelled to 72 nations.In October, 2016, she realized she could see the __10__ nations on her list in time to set an official record.Many people __11__ her travel on social media platform Instagram, so she decided to chase the world record partly to __12__ others.
“__13__， in the beginning, I simply wanted to push the __14__ of what I thought I could do with my life and see as much of the world as possible in the __15__，” she told Forbes.“It wasn't until things started getting really __16__ that I realized I was inspiring people around me, especially the __17__.”
“I also loved visiting Northern Pakistan, for the natural beauty of the mountains and kindness of the locals were astonishing，” Lexie Alford said.“The most pleasant surprise about travelling to all these misunderstood areas of the world was that the countries that I had the __18__ expectation for __19__ being the most incredible.”
“My __20__ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do.If you want to travel, you have to __21__ sacrifices to travel around the world.And it's only a matter of __22__ until you can make it a reality.”
8．A.remark B．settle
C．tour D．love
9．A.fund B．quit
C．switch D．register
10．A.powerful B．ideal
C．developed D．remaining
11．A.ranked B．modified
C．followed D．criticized
12．A.inspire B．grill
C．understand D．accompany
13．A.Occasionally B．Honestly
C．Completely D．Temporarily
14．A.dream B．button
C．family D．growth
15．A.platform B．agency
C．process D．country
16．A.dull B．official
C．natural D．challenging
17．A.adult B．youth
C．bosses D．agents
18．A.most B．least
C．greatest D．worst
19．A.started with B．showed off
C．ended up D．searched for
20．A.advice B．compromise
C．belief D．information
21．A.save B．appreciate
C．worsen D．make
22．A.honor B．career
C．time D．assessment
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①arrive □ ②attract □
③convenient □ ④crowd □
⑤secure □ ⑥tour □
⑦wonder □ ⑧arrange □
⑨sightseeing □ ⑩queue □
delay □ abroad □
reserve □ remote □
voyage □ distance □
preference □ luggage □
insurance □ outing □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
attract， sightseeing， queue， abroad， remote， voyage， luggage， insurance， outing，reserve
1．Moreover, the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing, with many well-known ______ spots.
2．We've fixed the date for the ______ and we'll go regardless of wind or rain.
3．Having settled in that ______ area for a year, the young man finally adapted to the weather.
4．Jiuzhaigou National Park is a nature ______ in the north of Sichuan Province.
5．We _____________ by various exhibits of the museum immediately we entered it.
6．When her husband died, she received ￡50,000 in ______.
7．I've read your discussion on how to behave properly when we're traveling ______.
8．Also, be aware that ______ jumping is unacceptable in many countries.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He delayed ______ (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment.
2．In order to stay away from Omicron, we'd better not go to public places ______ (crowd) with people.
3．Because of its rich history and magnificent appearance, the Great Wall attracts a lot of ______ (tour), scientists, and historians.
4．I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your earliest ______ (convenient)．
5．Shortly after my ______ (arrive) at the school, I was befriended by an older girl.
6．They have just returned from faraway places with ______ (wonder) stories to tell.
7．Spending too much time in the virtual world, addicts will become cold and ______ (distance)．
8．Thanks to the hot and humid climate, people have developed a ______ (prefer) for the spicy hotpot, which is the most well-known dish of Chongqing.
9．Last Saturday I attended a lecture on network ______ (secure)．
10．I'm delighted to receive your letter in which you asked about our ______ (arrange) for the World Reading Day.6 / 7
UNIT 3 主题训练 体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·九江三模)You've probably heard that you need to move more throughout the day, and as a general rule of thumb, “more” is often defined as around 10,000 steps.Many people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living.As more people track their steps by fitness-tracking wearables or their iPhones, more of them do that.
But while sitting less is a great idea, the step rule isn't as black and white as one number.
Dr. Greg Hager, professor at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at whether the step rule is accurate, and he found asking everyone to shoot for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly, or the level of exercise could make it unwise for those with medical conditions.He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10,000-step goal because they have to take more steps than longer-legged people to cover the distance.
How many steps can help keep healthy and promote longevity (长寿) on earth
Researchers found that women taking 4,400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years, compared to those who took 2,700 steps.Women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra in longevity.The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others.Some of that has to do with age but nothing to do with health and longevity.The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72.
The point of these studies isn't to say we should abandon step goals and fitness trackers altogether.The key is finding the step goal that matches your individual health according to your doctor or fitness instructor, and then using your fitness tracker and other proper methods to help achieve those goals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一项对于人们每天步行数的研究。研究表明，人们所认为的健康生活标志“一万步法则”是不恰当的。
1．What do people usually take as their standard of healthy living
A．The 10,000-step rule.
B．The fitness-tracking wearables.
C．The level of exercise.
D．The point of these studies.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living.”可知，通常人们将10 000步法则作为健康生活的标准。故选A。
2．Which best describes Dr. Greg Hager's attitude towards the step rule
A．Optimistic. B．Negative.
C．Skeptical. D．Favorable.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dr. Greg Hager, professor at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at whether the step rule is accurate”可知，Greg Hager教授决定研究10 000步法则的准确性。由此可推知，他对这个法则是持怀疑态度的。故选C。
3．What did the researchers find
A．Following 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly.
B．Taking steps may not be directly related to people's longevity.
C．Walking during the day is closely linked to the death of the elderly.
D．Older women with an average age of 72 in the study lived longer.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra in longevity.”以及“Some of that has to do with age but nothing to do with health and longevity.”可知，研究中，步行超过7 500步的女性没有额外的寿命，且后文也提及一些与健康和长寿无关。由此可推知，研究人员发现，步行多少可能与人们的长寿没有直接关系。故选B。
4．What might the passage say next
A．The approaches to these goals.
B．The step goals with abandon.
C．The health for individuals.
D．The secret of longevity.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The key is finding the step ... achieve those goals.”可知，该内容提及了找到适合个人健康的步数目标，并使用追踪器和其他适当方法实现这些目标，由此可推知，后文应讲述除了追踪器之外的其他的实现步数目标的适当方法。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2023·长春模拟预测)With the weather warming up, the desire to kick-start a new fitness routine is very real.But after months locked indoors, you may feel as though you're lack of exercise.__5__ Working out with your partner can be a great way to boost inspiration.Here are our top tips for an exercise routine that's built to last.
Pick something you both love.
If you love Pilates but your partner is all about lifting heavy weights, working out together might seem like an impossible task.While you can both stick to the activities you love, __6__ Pick an activity you both love, or work towards a fitness goal together, like completing a fun run or half marathon.
__7__
Getting sweaty doesn't sound like the most comfortable of activities, but there are things you can do to make it as enjoyable as possible.Invest in active wear that not only feels good but looks good, too.Dressing in workout gear that you're excited about can make the difference on days when motivation might be lacking.
__8__ It is ideal for wearing during sport or heavy-duty outdoor activities.It's sweat resistant, with a dry-touch formula, while still offering UVA and UVB coverage.
Be supportive and have fun.
Trying a new outdoor fitness route, or running in front of strangers along the sand, can be a little discouraging, even if you're doing it with the one you love, __9__ Motivate each other to get out of bed on days and remind each other that you're not working out just for looks.Getting your body moving has long-term benefits that far outweigh what can be seen from the outside.
And remember to have fun: trying something new is tricky but finding something you both love and enjoy means you'll have a healthy habit for life.
A．Feel good with fitness preparation.
B．Dress comfortably and properly to feel good.
C．So how do you get motivated to get active once more
D．choose some exercises that require very little equipment.
E．so remind your partner that you're in it together and stay supportive.
F．make time to start something new together or work towards a common goal.
G．Sunscreen, too, is a must-have when choosing to exercise together on the beach.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是帮助让你的日常锻炼能持续下去的一些建议。
5．选C 空格前提到你感到你缺乏锻炼了，下文提到和你的伙伴一起锻炼是激发灵感的好方法，可知空格处会提问怎么才能激发锻炼的灵感或积极性，C选项“那么，怎样才能再次激发你的积极性呢？”提出了怎么才能再次激发锻炼的积极性这一个问题，和下文内容呼应，承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
6．选F 空格后提到选择一项你们都喜欢的活动，或者一起朝着健身的目标努力，比如有趣的跑步或半程马拉松，可知空格处会提到你和你的伙伴可以有共同的目标，F选项“找时间一起开始一些新的事情，或者朝着一个共同的目标努力。”承上启下，符合语境，其中的“common goal”和后面的“work towards a fitness goal together”形成语义的复现，故选F。
7．选B 空格处是小标题，由空格下方的内容可知，本段主要讲的是要穿合适的、舒服的运动服来让自己感觉良好，B选项“穿着舒适得体，以感觉良好。”概括了“穿着舒适”这个主题，因此B选项可作为小标题，故选B。
8．选G 由空格后内容及常识可知，能防UVA和UVB的是防晒霜，即sunscreen，因此G选项“当你选择一起在海滩上锻炼时，防晒霜也是必不可少的。”和下文内容相呼应，故选G。
9．选E 空格后提到要支持你的伙伴，结合本段小标题“给予支持，并享受其中乐趣。”可知E选项“所以提醒你的伙伴，你们在一起，并保持支持。”和小标题相符，也和空格后内容相呼应，故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023·滨州二模)Marialaura Bonaccio is an expert who studies the impact of a Mediterranean diet on human body.“It's the combination of basic foods in a Mediterrancan diet __1__ seems to keep physically healthy.” she says.
Bonaccio notes that a very important difference in the Mediterranean diet lies in the use of red wine.While in other parts of the world alcohol __2__ (consume) outside of meals, in a Mediterranean diet red wine is taken together with food.When wine is accompanied by food, it's absorbed into the bloodstream __3__ (gradual)．This safeguards the liver by holding it in the stomach __4__ (long), and as a result, the body enjoys the benefits of wine without any negative impact on the liver.
Seasonal foods with olive oil instead of other forms of fat, __5__ is typical of a Mediterranean diet, is another reason for the diet's protective impact on aging.Olive oil has proven __6__ (lower) the amount of bad cholesterol (胆固醇), which has __7__ positive impact on the body.
In the end, a Mediterranean diet is part of the factors __8__ (contribute) to our physical health, but it takes __9__ (commit) to make them happen.Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, __10__ you will get a worthwhile reward.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究地中海饮食对人体影响的专家Marialaura Bonaccio称基本食物和地中海饮食的结合，似乎能保持身体健康。本文主要介绍这种结合带给身体的好处。
1．that 考查强调句型。本句使用了强调句型。强调句型的结构：It is/was＋被强调部分(主语、宾语、状语)＋that＋其他，本句中被强调部分为句子主语“the combination of basic foods in a Mediterrancan diet”，故填that。
2．is consumed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中为谓语，结合下文“in a Mediterranean diet red wine is taken together with food”可知，此处的时态为一般现在时；句子主语alcohol为单数，与动词consume为动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。故填is consumed。
3．gradually 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语，修饰动词absorb，要用副词。故填gradually。
4．longer 考查比较级。根据前文“it's absorbed into the bloodstream________ (gradual)”可知，逐渐让其被血液吸收，表明这样可以使得它在胃里停留的时间更长，所以此处要用比较级。故填longer。
5．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个句子，并在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
6．to lower 考查非谓语动词。短语：prove to do sth.“证明做某事”，结合句中提示，所以此处用不定式，故填to lower。
7．a 考查冠词。have an impact on“对……有影响”为固定短语。名词impact前用形容词positive“积极的”修饰，且positive的读音以辅音开头，所以此处用不定冠词a。故填a。
8．contributing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处及之后内容至逗号前为后置定语，修饰名词factors，动词contribute与名词factors为主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词。故填contributing。
9．commitment 考查名词。take commitment to do sth.“承诺做某事”为固定短语，故填commitment。
10．and 考查连词。本句属于“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句式，用and表示顺承的结果，or表示相反含义，结合本句意义，享受每一天，就会有奖励，表示顺承的结果，故填and。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你想约你的留学生好友Mike早上一起跑步，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．写信目的； 2.跑步的好处； 3.期待回复。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Mike，
To build up our bodies, I'm writing to ask whether you can run with me in the morning.
Running is a common form of exercise, which is accessible for most people.Regular running benefits us a lot.Not only can it build up our bodies, but it makes us full of joy.While running, we're able to appreciate the beautiful scenery we are passing by, which is good for our spirit.More importantly, we may encounter other like-minded people through running, making us more sociable.
If you'd like to run together, please let me know as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①judge □ ②cyclist □
③athlete □ ④competitor □
⑤harmful □ ⑥mental □
⑦emergency □ ⑧recovery □
⑨healthy □ ⑩poisonous □
balance □ sugary □
weakness □ digest □
limit □ benefit □
volunteer □ regular □
responsibility □ professional □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
poisonous， sugary， emergency， digest， limit， volunteer， responsibility， athlete，judge， cyclist
1．If you chew your food properly, it is easier to digest.
2．Some snakes are poisonous,_and this causes people's death.
3．The government has declared a state of emergency following the earthquake.
4．Taxing high-fat and sugary junk food is an effective way to fight obesity.
5．In the competition, most of the athletes showed a high level of competition and motivation.
6．A good cyclist can cover a distance of over a hundred miles a day.
7．We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health.
8．The volunteers kept a record of everything they ate for a week in the diet research.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Judging (judge) by his pale face, he might not feel himself.
2．Keep healthy by eating well and exercising regularly (regular)．
3．Fruit juices can be harmful (harm) to children's teeth.
4．Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery (recover)．
5．It makes sense to eat a reasonably balanced (balance) diet when slimming.
6．Tom, one of the oldest competitors (competitor), won the individual silver medal.
7．Embracing nature is very beneficial (benefit) for us to develop body and mind.
8．People can eat more healthily (healthy) without making major changes to their diet.
9．As we all know, lacking sleep is bad for their health both physically and mentally (mental)．
10．The activity aims to help us students spot our weaknesses (weak) and improve ourselves so that we can have a fulfilling and healthy life.6 / 7
UNIT 3 主题训练 体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·九江三模)You've probably heard that you need to move more throughout the day, and as a general rule of thumb, “more” is often defined as around 10,000 steps.Many people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living.As more people track their steps by fitness-tracking wearables or their iPhones, more of them do that.
But while sitting less is a great idea, the step rule isn't as black and white as one number.
Dr. Greg Hager, professor at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at whether the step rule is accurate, and he found asking everyone to shoot for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly, or the level of exercise could make it unwise for those with medical conditions.He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10,000-step goal because they have to take more steps than longer-legged people to cover the distance.
How many steps can help keep healthy and promote longevity (长寿) on earth
Researchers found that women taking 4,400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years, compared to those who took 2,700 steps.Women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra in longevity.The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others.Some of that has to do with age but nothing to do with health and longevity.The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72.
The point of these studies isn't to say we should abandon step goals and fitness trackers altogether.The key is finding the step goal that matches your individual health according to your doctor or fitness instructor, and then using your fitness tracker and other proper methods to help achieve those goals.
1．What do people usually take as their standard of healthy living
A．The 10,000-step rule.
B．The fitness-tracking wearables.
C．The level of exercise.
D．The point of these studies.
2．Which best describes Dr. Greg Hager's attitude towards the step rule
A．Optimistic. B．Negative.
C．Skeptical. D．Favorable.
3．What did the researchers find
A．Following 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly.
B．Taking steps may not be directly related to people's longevity.
C．Walking during the day is closely linked to the death of the elderly.
D．Older women with an average age of 72 in the study lived longer.
4．What might the passage say next
A．The approaches to these goals.
B．The step goals with abandon.
C．The health for individuals.
D．The secret of longevity.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2023·长春模拟预测)With the weather warming up, the desire to kick-start a new fitness routine is very real.But after months locked indoors, you may feel as though you're lack of exercise.__5__ Working out with your partner can be a great way to boost inspiration.Here are our top tips for an exercise routine that's built to last.
Pick something you both love.
If you love Pilates but your partner is all about lifting heavy weights, working out together might seem like an impossible task.While you can both stick to the activities you love, __6__ Pick an activity you both love, or work towards a fitness goal together, like completing a fun run or half marathon.
__7__
Getting sweaty doesn't sound like the most comfortable of activities, but there are things you can do to make it as enjoyable as possible.Invest in active wear that not only feels good but looks good, too.Dressing in workout gear that you're excited about can make the difference on days when motivation might be lacking.
__8__ It is ideal for wearing during sport or heavy-duty outdoor activities.It's sweat resistant, with a dry-touch formula, while still offering UVA and UVB coverage.
Be supportive and have fun.
Trying a new outdoor fitness route, or running in front of strangers along the sand, can be a little discouraging, even if you're doing it with the one you love, __9__ Motivate each other to get out of bed on days and remind each other that you're not working out just for looks.Getting your body moving has long-term benefits that far outweigh what can be seen from the outside.
And remember to have fun: trying something new is tricky but finding something you both love and enjoy means you'll have a healthy habit for life.
A．Feel good with fitness preparation.
B．Dress comfortably and properly to feel good.
C．So how do you get motivated to get active once more
D．choose some exercises that require very little equipment.
E．so remind your partner that you're in it together and stay supportive.
F．make time to start something new together or work towards a common goal.
G．Sunscreen, too, is a must-have when choosing to exercise together on the beach.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023·滨州二模)Marialaura Bonaccio is an expert who studies the impact of a Mediterranean diet on human body.“It's the combination of basic foods in a Mediterrancan diet __1__ seems to keep physically healthy.” she says.
Bonaccio notes that a very important difference in the Mediterranean diet lies in the use of red wine.While in other parts of the world alcohol __2__ (consume) outside of meals, in a Mediterranean diet red wine is taken together with food.When wine is accompanied by food, it's absorbed into the bloodstream __3__ (gradual)．This safeguards the liver by holding it in the stomach __4__ (long), and as a result, the body enjoys the benefits of wine without any negative impact on the liver.
Seasonal foods with olive oil instead of other forms of fat, __5__ is typical of a Mediterranean diet, is another reason for the diet's protective impact on aging.Olive oil has proven __6__ (lower) the amount of bad cholesterol (胆固醇), which has __7__ positive impact on the body.
In the end, a Mediterranean diet is part of the factors __8__ (contribute) to our physical health, but it takes __9__ (commit) to make them happen.Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, __10__ you will get a worthwhile reward.
Ⅳ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你想约你的留学生好友Mike早上一起跑步，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．写信目的； 2.跑步的好处； 3.期待回复。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①judge □ ②cyclist □
③athlete □ ④competitor □
⑤harmful □ ⑥mental □
⑦emergency □ ⑧recovery □
⑨healthy □ ⑩poisonous □
balance □ sugary □
weakness □ digest □
limit □ benefit □
volunteer □ regular □
responsibility □ professional □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
poisonous， sugary， emergency， digest， limit， volunteer， responsibility， athlete，judge， cyclist
1．If you chew your food properly, it is easier to ______.
2．Some snakes are _______and this causes people's death.
3．The government has declared a state of ______ following the earthquake.
4．Taxing high-fat and ______ junk food is an effective way to fight obesity.
5．In the competition, most of the ______ showed a high level of competition and motivation.
6．A good ______ can cover a distance of over a hundred miles a day.
7．We need to take ______ for looking after our own health.
8．The ______ kept a record of everything they ate for a week in the diet research.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．______ (judge) by his pale face, he might not feel himself.
2．Keep healthy by eating well and exercising ______ (regular)．
3．Fruit juices can be ______ (harm) to children's teeth.
4．Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick ______ (recover)．
5．It makes sense to eat a reasonably ______ (balance) diet when slimming.
6．Tom, one of the oldest ______ (competitor), won the individual silver medal.
7．Embracing nature is very ______ (benefit) for us to develop body and mind.
8．People can eat more ______ (healthy) without making major changes to their diet.
9．As we all know, lacking sleep is bad for their health both physically and ______ (mental)．
10．The activity aims to help us students spot our ______ (weak) and improve ourselves so that we can have a fulfilling and healthy life.8 / 8
UNIT 4 主题训练 自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·德阳二模)After being attacked by Hurricane Ida's 150 mph winds and torrential rains, hundreds of thousands of Gulf Coast residents were left without power and fresh water this week as a 100-degree heat wave settled over the region.Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane, ripping off roofs, knocking out transmission lines, flooding roads, and reducing some brick buildings in downtown New Orleans to rubble.At least eight people died in the storm and the_toll is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.
One of the most powerful hurricanes to ever hit the US mainland, Ida brought a 5 to 12-foot storm surge that covered low-lying communities in southeastern Louisiana.Grand Isle is now “uninhabitable，” said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet of sand covering the entire barrier island and 40 percent of the buildings completely destroyed.
The storm caused a citywide blackout in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrina-level disaster was avoided there, thanks in part to the D|S14.5 billion spent on new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 storm.Experts are warning that Ida could worsen the Covid crisis in the Gulf Coast, as residents crowd together in homes and emergency shelters without immediate access to testing or medical care.ICUs in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hospitals were already near capacity before the storm hit.Nearly 1 million people are still without power across Louisiana, and authorities waned it could be weeks before electricity is restored.“If you have already evacuated，” said Gov.John Bel Edwards, “do not return here.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。
1．Which of the following best describes Hurricane Ida
A．Mild. B．Destructive.
C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane ... as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。
2．What do the underlined words “the toll” mean in Paragraph 1
A．The death number. B．The heat wave.
C．The wind speed. D．The citywide blackout.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“At least eight people died in the storm”以及后文“is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。
3．What is one of the reasons for Grand Isle to be uninhabitable
A．The entire island is covered with sand.
B．It is one of the low-lying communities.
C．The residents there can't wait to leave.
D．Over half of its buildings were in ruins.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Grand Isle is now ‘uninhabitable，’ said Parish President Cynthia ... completely destroyed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。
4．What can be inferred about the attitude of Gov.John Bel Edwards towards the prospect of Louisiana
A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.
C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘If you have already evacuated，’ said Gov.John Bel Edwards，‘do not return here.’”可推知，John Bel Edwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。
B
(2023·石家庄模拟)The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may wonder whether their pets — or wild animals for that matter — knew the disaster was coming.
To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes.The records included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.
The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake.Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself.They were just responding to foreshocks.
“The space-time pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar，” Woith said.“From this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks.These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake.They don't have super power.”
Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking.“A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof，” Woith said.
To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers ask a number of yes-or-no questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible？” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really unusual？”
Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit.Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。
5．How did Woith conduct the study
A．By analyzing former reports.
B．By observing animals' behavior.
C．By collecting data in the earthquake.
D．By comparing animals' different responses.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。
6．What is Woith's new finding
A．Tigers become depressed easily.
B．Certain animals have super power.
C．Some animals can react to foreshocks.
D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“From ... the earthquake.They don't have super power.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。
7．What surprised the scientists in the study
A．All reported cases took place in the same area.
B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.
C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.
D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“A major surprise ... scientific proof”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。
8．What is mainly talked about in the passage
A．How animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why people study animals' behavior in earthquakes.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·日照三模)During a period of two months, the east coast of Florida was hit by three major hurricanes!
When we __9__ on the morning of September 5, my husband and I stood on the balcony (阳台) and watched the still-powerful winds break huge trees.__10__， in the midst of these destructive winds, we spotted a flash of color in our __11__.No more than ten feet from where we stood, a hummingbird (蜂鸟) __12__ and flew in front of us.
This was the first time that we had ever __13__ a hummingbird in our yard — or in Florida! Because they are rare, the __14__ of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a __15__ in itself.
Although I had been trying to plant all the right plants to __16__ them, it took a hurricane for me to __17__ attract them to my yard and to really observe them closely.Almost every day since the hurricanes, I have had the __18__ of observing the visiting hummingbirds.With a feeder right outside my office window, I get a daily bird's __19__.
The hurricane season affected me in a very __20__ way.Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am __21__ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.But perhaps the greatest __22__ is that wonders are out there waiting to pay us a visit.We just need to keep __23__ seeds of beauty and faith, and we need to keep an eye out for the wonders!
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者一直在自家院子里试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引当地罕见的蜂鸟，终于在一次飓风来袭后，蜂鸟出现了。蜂鸟的到来带给作者“美丽、力量和决心的启示”，但是，最大的启示是：奇迹就在那里等待着来拜访我们。
9．A.woke up B．stood up
C．looked up D．turned up
解析：选A 根据时间“on the morning of September 5”，可知，此处指早上醒来，woke up符合语境。
10．A.Generally B．Gradually
C．Normally D．Suddenly
解析：选D 根据下文“No more than ten feet from where we stood, a hummingbird (蜂鸟)________and flew in front of us.”可知，飓风天气看见一只蜂鸟，很是突然(Suddenly)。
11．A.garden B．room
C．balcony D．office
解析：选A 根据语境，作者早上醒来后，站在阳台上看外面飓风肆虐，这时飞来一只蜂鸟，出现在阳台外的花园，garden符合语境。
12．A.dropped B．appeared
C．remained D．landed
解析：选B 根据上文“we spotted a flash of color in our ________.”及下文“and flew in front of us”可知，飓风中，花园里此时出现一只蜂鸟。appeared符合语境。
13．A.heard B．drawn
C．seen D．caught
解析：选C 根据下文“Because they are rare, the ________ of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a ________ in itself.”可知，蜂鸟在佛罗里达州实属罕见，seen符合语境。
14．A.color B．name
C．shape D．sight
解析：选D 根据上文“This was the first time that we had ever ________a hummingbird in our yard — or in Florida！”可知，作者第一次在佛罗里达州，而且是自家院子里看见了蜂鸟，sight符合语境。
15．A.symbol B．concept
C．belief D．wonder
解析：选D 根据本句中的rare可知，蜂鸟在这里很罕见，所以看见蜂鸟是个奇迹(wonder)。
16．A.attract B．feed
C．drive D．impress
解析：选A 根据后半句“it took a hurricane for me to ________ attract them to my yard”可知，作者以前也试图“吸引”蜂鸟到院子里来，attract符合语境。
17．A.formally B．finally
C．regularly D．constantly
解析：选B 根据语境，作者的院子里有各种适合蜂鸟食用的植物，在飓风之后，总算派上了用场，吸引蜂鸟来觅食。finally符合语境。
18．A.task B．joy
C．hope D．plan
解析：选B 根据上文“Because they are rare, the ________of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a ________ in itself.”可知，每天都能看见罕见的蜂鸟，给作者带来了喜悦(joy)。
19．A.track B．mind
C．view D．shadow
解析：选C 根据语境，作者每天可以看见蜂鸟在窗外觅食的风景，view符合语境。
20．A.common B．casual
C．strange D．positive
解析：选D 根据下文“Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am ________ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.”可知，蜂鸟的到来使作者想到了美丽、力量和决心这些积极向上的(positive)东西。
21．A.informed B．warned
C．reminded D．cured
解析：选C 根据上文“The hurricane season affected me in a very ________way.”可知，飓风季节到来的蜂鸟，使作者想到一些美好的东西。remind sb. of sth.，意为“使某人想起某事，提醒某人某事”。
22．A.message B．hobby
C．subject D．chance
解析：选A 根据上文“Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am ________ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.”可知，蜂鸟的到来带给作者“美丽、力量和决心的启示”，但是，最大的启示是：奇迹正在外面等着拜访我们。message为原词复现。
23．A.buying B．changing
C．receiving D．planting
解析：选D 根据上文“Although I had been trying to plant all the right plants to ________ them, it took a hurricane for me to ________ attract them to my yard and to really observe them closely.”可知，我们仅仅需要坚持种植美和信仰的种子。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①dangerous □ ②disappearance □
③endangered □ ④existence □
⑤natural □ ⑥shortage □
⑦smelly □ ⑧surrounding □
⑨violence □ balanced □
consumption □ creature □
decline □ deliberately □
extinct □ condition □
dusty □ forecast □
severe □ stormy □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
existence， shortage， smelly， stormy， decline， extinct， condition， forecast， creature，consumption
1．Some species become extinct because of people's ignorance.
2．Unfortunately, the number of the species in this area is on the decline.
3．They face a desperate shortage of clean water.
4．Increasingly stormy weather and rises in the sea level could cause massive flooding.
5．Public worries that accidents are threatening the very existence of the nuclear power industry.
6．The room had been closed for many years, so it was smelly.
7．It is an urgent affair to protect fresh-water living creature resources effectively.
8．A smart watch can forecast its users' potential illness by recording their essential data.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There is a long list of animals whose disappearance (disappear) can be blamed squarely on human actions.
2．With exhaust emissions growing fast and the environment severely (severe) polluted, rubbish classification is the most effective solution to the problem.
3．Animals are the friends of mankind and an important part of the natural (nature) ecosystem.
4．Those who destroy the environment deliberately (deliberate) should be punished.
5．Standing in the watchtower, we admired the surrounding (surround) scenes.
6．The list of endangered (endanger) species includes nearly 600 fishes.
7．It was a dangerous (danger) journey through thickening fog.
8．Towards noon, dark clouds began to bank up and soon a violent (violence) storm broke out.
9．There's a strong wind outside, and it's so dusty (dust)．
10．I ate a healthy, balanced (balance) diet, instead of being free to enjoy junk food.8 / 8
UNIT 4 主题训练 自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·德阳二模)After being attacked by Hurricane Ida's 150 mph winds and torrential rains, hundreds of thousands of Gulf Coast residents were left without power and fresh water this week as a 100-degree heat wave settled over the region.Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane, ripping off roofs, knocking out transmission lines, flooding roads, and reducing some brick buildings in downtown New Orleans to rubble.At least eight people died in the storm and the_toll is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.
One of the most powerful hurricanes to ever hit the US mainland, Ida brought a 5 to 12-foot storm surge that covered low-lying communities in southeastern Louisiana.Grand Isle is now “uninhabitable，” said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet of sand covering the entire barrier island and 40 percent of the buildings completely destroyed.
The storm caused a citywide blackout in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrina-level disaster was avoided there, thanks in part to the D|S14.5 billion spent on new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 storm.Experts are warning that Ida could worsen the Covid crisis in the Gulf Coast, as residents crowd together in homes and emergency shelters without immediate access to testing or medical care.ICUs in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hospitals were already near capacity before the storm hit.Nearly 1 million people are still without power across Louisiana, and authorities waned it could be weeks before electricity is restored.“If you have already evacuated，” said Gov.John Bel Edwards, “do not return here.”
1．Which of the following best describes Hurricane Ida
A．Mild. B．Destructive.
C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.
2．What do the underlined words “the toll” mean in Paragraph 1
A．The death number. B．The heat wave.
C．The wind speed. D．The citywide blackout.
3．What is one of the reasons for Grand Isle to be uninhabitable
A．The entire island is covered with sand.
B．It is one of the low-lying communities.
C．The residents there can't wait to leave.
D．Over half of its buildings were in ruins.
4．What can be inferred about the attitude of Gov.John Bel Edwards towards the prospect of Louisiana
A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.
C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.
B
(2023·石家庄模拟)The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may wonder whether their pets — or wild animals for that matter — knew the disaster was coming.
To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes.The records included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.
The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake.Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself.They were just responding to foreshocks.
“The space-time pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar，” Woith said.“From this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks.These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake.They don't have super power.”
Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking.“A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof，” Woith said.
To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers ask a number of yes-or-no questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible？” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really unusual？”
Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit.Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.
5．How did Woith conduct the study
A．By analyzing former reports.
B．By observing animals' behavior.
C．By collecting data in the earthquake.
D．By comparing animals' different responses.
6．What is Woith's new finding
A．Tigers become depressed easily.
B．Certain animals have super power.
C．Some animals can react to foreshocks.
D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
7．What surprised the scientists in the study
A．All reported cases took place in the same area.
B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.
C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.
D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.
8．What is mainly talked about in the passage
A．How animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why people study animals' behavior in earthquakes.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·日照三模)During a period of two months, the east coast of Florida was hit by three major hurricanes!
When we __9__ on the morning of September 5, my husband and I stood on the balcony (阳台) and watched the still-powerful winds break huge trees.__10__， in the midst of these destructive winds, we spotted a flash of color in our __11__.No more than ten feet from where we stood, a hummingbird (蜂鸟) __12__ and flew in front of us.
This was the first time that we had ever __13__ a hummingbird in our yard — or in Florida! Because they are rare, the __14__ of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a __15__ in itself.
Although I had been trying to plant all the right plants to __16__ them, it took a hurricane for me to __17__ attract them to my yard and to really observe them closely.Almost every day since the hurricanes, I have had the __18__ of observing the visiting hummingbirds.With a feeder right outside my office window, I get a daily bird's __19__.
The hurricane season affected me in a very __20__ way.Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am __21__ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.But perhaps the greatest __22__ is that wonders are out there waiting to pay us a visit.We just need to keep __23__ seeds of beauty and faith, and we need to keep an eye out for the wonders!
9．A.woke up B．stood up
C．looked up D．turned up
10．A.Generally B．Gradually
C．Normally D．Suddenly
11．A.garden B．room
C．balcony D．office
12．A.dropped B．appeared
C．remained D．landed
13．A.heard B．drawn
C．seen D．caught
14．A.color B．name
C．shape D．sight
15．A.symbol B．concept
C．belief D．wonder
16．A.attract B．feed
C．drive D．impress
17．A.formally B．finally
C．regularly D．constantly
18．A.task B．joy
C．hope D．plan
19．A.track B．mind
C．view D．shadow
20．A.common B．casual
C．strange D．positive
21．A.informed B．warned
C．reminded D．cured
22．A.message B．hobby
C．subject D．chance
23．A.buying B．changing
C．receiving D．planting
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①dangerous □ ②disappearance □
③endangered □ ④existence □
⑤natural □ ⑥shortage □
⑦smelly □ ⑧surrounding □
⑨violence □ balanced □
consumption □ creature □
decline □ deliberately □
extinct □ condition □
dusty □ forecast □
severe □ stormy □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
existence， shortage， smelly， stormy， decline， extinct， condition， forecast， creature，consumption
1．Some species become ______ because of people's ignorance.
2．Unfortunately, the number of the species in this area is on the ______.
3．They face a desperate ______ of clean water.
4．Increasingly ______ weather and rises in the sea level could cause massive flooding.
5．Public worries that accidents are threatening the very ______ of the nuclear power industry.
6．The room had been closed for many years, so it was ______.
7．It is an urgent affair to protect fresh-water living ______ resources effectively.
8．A smart watch can ______ its users' potential illness by recording their essential data.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There is a long list of animals whose ______ (disappear) can be blamed squarely on human actions.
2．With exhaust emissions growing fast and the environment ______ (severe) polluted, rubbish classification is the most effective solution to the problem.
3．Animals are the friends of mankind and an important part of the ______ (nature) ecosystem.
4．Those who destroy the environment ______ (deliberate) should be punished.
5．Standing in the watchtower, we admired the ______ (surround) scenes.
6．The list of ______ (endanger) species includes nearly 600 fishes.
7．It was a ______ (danger) journey through thickening fog.
8．Towards noon, dark clouds began to bank up and soon a ______ (violence) storm broke out.
9．There's a strong wind outside, and it's so ______ (dust)．
10．I ate a healthy, ______ (balance) diet, instead of being free to enjoy junk food.5 / 7
UNIT 5 主题训练 语言学习的规律、方法等
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·吉林省三模)His interest in Chinese language and characters dates from 1972, when Richard Sears was a 22-year-old physics major at Portland State University in Oregon.To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes (笔画) and almost no apparent logic.But when he could get an explanation of a Chinese character's original meaning and an interpretation of its pictographs (象形文字), it would suddenly become apparent how all the strokes had come to be.“I'm a physicist, so I don't like blind memorization.I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.”
As he studied, Sears found that many of the explanations were conflicting and even the experts were_at_odds.He decided to computerize the characters so that he could separate good opinions from bad ones.He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters and established the database of them.
In 2002 he got his website up and named it Chinese Etymology, where visitors can check for free the development of Chinese characters in various forms, from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms.The clicks to the website went up to 600,000 in one day.Overnight he became American Uncle Hanzi, a nickname (绰号) given by Chinese netizens.
Besides, he has explained the origin of 15,000 modern characters.For example, the character jia (home) has a rooftop and a pig underneath.In southern China where it rains a lot, people put their houses on stilts (木桩), so if it flooded, the inside of the house would not get wet.So, the pigs live underneath the house.
Last year, Sears set up his studio in Nanjing that focuses on applying AR, animation (动画) and artificial intelligence to tell stories of Chinese culture and character origins.He has made over 60 such videos in English with Chinese subtitles for Bilibili, a video website.“They have both entertainment and educational value，” he says.
In the meantime, Sears has been updating the database.“My philosophy is huo dao lao xue dao lao.”
语篇解读：本文为记叙文，讲述了一位美国人痴迷中国汉字，他建立了古汉字数据库，创立了汉语词源网站，阐释了15 000个现代汉字的起源，创办工作室录制中国文化和汉字词源故事的视频。中国的网友们亲切地称呼他为“美国汉字大叔”。
1．According to Paragraph 1, why did Sears want to know the stories behind the Chinese characters
A．To make his life in China much easier.
B．To become an expert at Chinese characters.
C．To solve some related problems in physics.
D．To memorize Chinese characters more easily.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I'm a physicist, so I don't ... behind the Chinese characters.”可知，作为物理学家，他不喜欢盲目记忆，他知道汉字来自于象形文字，所以他想了解汉字背后的故事。因此，他是为了更容易地记忆汉字，才专门去了解它们背后的故事的。故选D。
2．What does the underlined part “were at odds” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Held different views.
B．Showed no interest.
C．Had no doubt at all.
D．Were under attack.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词所在句中的“and”可知，“conflicting” (冲突的，相矛盾的)与“at odds”构成并列关系，由此推知，画线词的意思是“持有不同的观点”。故选A。
3．What did Sears do to tell the stories behind the Chinese characters
A．He established a database for all the ancient Chinese characters.
B．He built a website about the development of Chinese characters' forms.
C．He illustrated the structures of 15,000 modern Chinese characters.
D．He set up a studio to make videos about the stories of Chinese history.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“In 2002 he got his website up and named it Chinese Etymology, where visitors can check for free the development of Chinese characters in various forms”可知，他创办的Chinese Etymology网站可以供访客免费查阅汉字发展的各种不同形式，因此这个网站是关于汉字的各种发展形式的。故选B。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Chinese characters catching the world's wide attention.
B．A Chinese character website established by an American.
C．American Uncle Hanzi devoted to Chinese characters.
D．The secret to language learning — long-lasting interest.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要讲述了一位致力于汉字研究的美国汉字大叔的故事。故选C。
B
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful.I still remember looking at Chinese and not understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strong attraction.In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters.After having studied Chinese for a while, I realised that handwriting in Chinese takes a very long time to learn.
Living as we do in a digital era with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question: Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese When using smartphones or computers, we can use phonetic input systems, which choose the characters we want for us as long as we can remember how they are pronounced.Since we enter different characters, we seldom need to be able to recognise the difference between individual characters in detail; the computer makes the right choices for us.Do we really need to write Chinese by hand at all
I think most people agree that you should learn to write at least some characters at some point as a student of Chinese, although not necessarily straight away and not necessarily all the characters that you can say.But unless you don't care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting.Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters.You don't need to be a calligraphy master, but you do need basic handwriting skills to do this.Simply looking at things is, as usual, a bad way of learning.
I think learning the most common 500 characters or so is a good idea for all students.If you actually want to write by hand, extend that to 1,000.Then learn to handwrite characters outside of the 1,000 most common on a need-to-know basis.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。我们生活在一个拥有智能手机和电脑的数字时代，学习中文手写真的有必要吗？作者给出了自己的答案。
5．What does the author think of Chinese characters
A．They are less communicative than English words.
B．They attract some foreigners to learn Chinese.
C．They show the greatness of Chinese culture.
D．They are not really that difficult.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters.”可知，汉字吸引一些外国人学习中文。故选B。
6．What can we infer about characters in Paragraph 2
A．Characters are very difficult for foreigners to learn.
B．People believe learning to write characters is important.
C．Characters may disappear with the development of society.
D．People doubt the necessity of learning to write characters.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Living ...in Chinese？”可知，人们怀疑学习写汉字的必要性。故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Understanding characters.
B．Being a calligraphy master.
C．Keeping a good learning habit.
D．Learning basic handwriting skills.
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据第三段中“But unless ... to do this.”可知，画线词this指代上文中的“理解汉字”。故选A。
8．What is the author's attitude to learning to write characters in the digital age
A．Worried. B．Uncaring.
C．Supportive. D．Surprised.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“But unless ...characters.”可知，作者认为学习汉字是有必要的，故作者持支持态度。故选C。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lily worked busily on her spelling test. Mr Federer sat at the desk, ensuring every student was taking the test on his own. Her palms sweating, her heart racing, Lily double-checked the words on her paper. Should her words be all correct, she would win the competition and plus a brand new tennis racket (球拍)．
Two more words to go. L-o-v-e-l-y. D-r-y-l-y. H-o-n-e-s-t-y. Wait! She'd spelled honesty, not honestly. With her hand trembling, she wrote the correct form of “honest”. Then she handed in the paper with brimming confidence.
The next day, Mr Federer marched into the classroom, stack of papers in hand. Seeing this, Lily sat restlessly in her seat with her fingers crossed. She felt her heart would bounce out of her mouth. Mr Federer planted himself in the front of the classroom, cleared his throat and announced: “Way to go, Lily! You made it！” Amid loud bursts of applause, Mr Federer presented Lily with the prize. Holding the box containing the tennis racket, Lily was walking on air.
When school was dismissed, Lily hurried home, dying to tell her mother the good news. “What's up？” Mom sensed something unusual and asked after Lily seated herself. “Mom, guess what! I won the spelling test！” Lily said proudly. Mom hugged her, asking her to show the test paper to Dad when he got home. Instinctively, Lily took another look at the test paper, but was horrified to find “H-o-n-e-s-l-y”. She suddenly felt dizzy and her face was burning.
Mom smelled a rat and asked what was wrong. “I am just ... too excited，” Lily stammered, hastily stuffing the test paper into her backpack. Mom brought her some tea. Yes, a “t” was exactly what she needed.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
About one hour later, Dad came home.
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Lily went to school earlier than usual.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1:
About one hour later, Dad came home. Hardly had he put down the briefcase when Mom eagerly announced the good news. Hearing this, Dad walked to Lily's room, great delight sparkling in his eyes. “I am so proud of you, girl！” Dad said, giving a gentle pat on her back. But Lily didn't dare to meet her father's gaze. Guilt swallowed her. Finally, summoning up her courage, Lily said in a low voice: “I don't deserve the prize. I misspelled ‘honestly’．” Then tears streamed down. Seeing this, her father uttered that honesty matters more than prize. He suggested Lily should tell the teacher the truth.
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Lily went to school earlier than usual. She made her way to Mr Federer's office. When he saw Lily, a surprised look crossed his face, for Lily came to school extra early today. But instantly he knew with his experience that Lily had a story to tell. “I can't keep these. I spelled ‘honestly’ wrong and you didn't catch it，” Lily said clearly, giving Mr Federer the spelling paper and the tennis racket. For a moment, Mr Federer just stood rooted to the ground. Then picking up his pen, he crossed out “perfect” and wrote “honest” on the paper. “Please keep the tennis racket. But for honesty.”
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①culture □ ②discuss □
③fault □ ④focus □
⑤grammar □ ⑥explanation □
⑦express □ ⑧failure □
⑨fluent □ gradually □
wonderful □ accurate □
difference □ difficulty □
effective □ master □
phrase □ practise □
recite □ topic □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
fault， grammar， focus， fluent， master， recite， topic， difference， wonderful， phrase
1．The composition is excellent except for some grammar mistakes.
2．I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.
3．The girl has a sharp tongue and tends to find fault with me.
4．What I'm going to do in this lecture is focus on something very specific.
5．The theme of the speech contest is “differences between eastern and western customs”．
6．Students are expected to master a second language.
7．He recited the whole poem without making a single slip.
8．On the way to the downtown area of Lhasa, I was thinking of three phrases,_bright sunshine, azure (蔚蓝的) sky and blue water.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Role-play allows students to practise speaking (speak) English in a safe situation.
2．Whether the traditional English teaching method is still effective is a topic under heated discussion (discuss)．
3．She often expresses (express) herself using English so that her English has improved.
4．Many children can't function effectively (effective) in large classes.
5．The teacher gave an accessible explanation (explain) concerning the answer to the math problem.
6．It is of first importance to spread cultural (culture) and scientific knowledge among the people.
7．With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty (difficult) finding his home.
8．You helped me correct grammar mistakes, which is of vital importance for conveying my ideas accurately (accurate)．
9．The book starts slowly, but it gradually (gradual) draws you in.
10．Facing failure (fail), you shouldn't feel sad and lose heart.5 / 7
UNIT 5 主题训练 语言学习的规律、方法等
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·吉林省三模)His interest in Chinese language and characters dates from 1972, when Richard Sears was a 22-year-old physics major at Portland State University in Oregon.To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes (笔画) and almost no apparent logic.But when he could get an explanation of a Chinese character's original meaning and an interpretation of its pictographs (象形文字), it would suddenly become apparent how all the strokes had come to be.“I'm a physicist, so I don't like blind memorization.I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.”
As he studied, Sears found that many of the explanations were conflicting and even the experts were_at_odds.He decided to computerize the characters so that he could separate good opinions from bad ones.He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters and established the database of them.
In 2002 he got his website up and named it Chinese Etymology, where visitors can check for free the development of Chinese characters in various forms, from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms.The clicks to the website went up to 600,000 in one day.Overnight he became American Uncle Hanzi, a nickname (绰号) given by Chinese netizens.
Besides, he has explained the origin of 15,000 modern characters.For example, the character jia (home) has a rooftop and a pig underneath.In southern China where it rains a lot, people put their houses on stilts (木桩), so if it flooded, the inside of the house would not get wet.So, the pigs live underneath the house.
Last year, Sears set up his studio in Nanjing that focuses on applying AR, animation (动画) and artificial intelligence to tell stories of Chinese culture and character origins.He has made over 60 such videos in English with Chinese subtitles for Bilibili, a video website.“They have both entertainment and educational value，” he says.
In the meantime, Sears has been updating the database.“My philosophy is huo dao lao xue dao lao.”
1．According to Paragraph 1, why did Sears want to know the stories behind the Chinese characters
A．To make his life in China much easier.
B．To become an expert at Chinese characters.
C．To solve some related problems in physics.
D．To memorize Chinese characters more easily.
2．What does the underlined part “were at odds” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Held different views.
B．Showed no interest.
C．Had no doubt at all.
D．Were under attack.
3．What did Sears do to tell the stories behind the Chinese characters
A．He established a database for all the ancient Chinese characters.
B．He built a website about the development of Chinese characters' forms.
C．He illustrated the structures of 15,000 modern Chinese characters.
D．He set up a studio to make videos about the stories of Chinese history.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Chinese characters catching the world's wide attention.
B．A Chinese character website established by an American.
C．American Uncle Hanzi devoted to Chinese characters.
D．The secret to language learning — long-lasting interest.
B
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful.I still remember looking at Chinese and not understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strong attraction.In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters.After having studied Chinese for a while, I realised that handwriting in Chinese takes a very long time to learn.
Living as we do in a digital era with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question: Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese When using smartphones or computers, we can use phonetic input systems, which choose the characters we want for us as long as we can remember how they are pronounced.Since we enter different characters, we seldom need to be able to recognise the difference between individual characters in detail; the computer makes the right choices for us.Do we really need to write Chinese by hand at all
I think most people agree that you should learn to write at least some characters at some point as a student of Chinese, although not necessarily straight away and not necessarily all the characters that you can say.But unless you don't care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting.Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters.You don't need to be a calligraphy master, but you do need basic handwriting skills to do this.Simply looking at things is, as usual, a bad way of learning.
I think learning the most common 500 characters or so is a good idea for all students.If you actually want to write by hand, extend that to 1,000.Then learn to handwrite characters outside of the 1,000 most common on a need-to-know basis.
5．What does the author think of Chinese characters
A．They are less communicative than English words.
B．They attract some foreigners to learn Chinese.
C．They show the greatness of Chinese culture.
D．They are not really that difficult.
6．What can we infer about characters in Paragraph 2
A．Characters are very difficult for foreigners to learn.
B．People believe learning to write characters is important.
C．Characters may disappear with the development of society.
D．People doubt the necessity of learning to write characters.
7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Understanding characters.
B．Being a calligraphy master.
C．Keeping a good learning habit.
D．Learning basic handwriting skills.
8．What is the author's attitude to learning to write characters in the digital age
A．Worried. B．Uncaring.
C．Supportive. D．Surprised.
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lily worked busily on her spelling test. Mr Federer sat at the desk, ensuring every student was taking the test on his own. Her palms sweating, her heart racing, Lily double-checked the words on her paper. Should her words be all correct, she would win the competition and plus a brand new tennis racket (球拍)．
Two more words to go. L-o-v-e-l-y. D-r-y-l-y. H-o-n-e-s-t-y. Wait! She'd spelled honesty, not honestly. With her hand trembling, she wrote the correct form of “honest”. Then she handed in the paper with brimming confidence.
The next day, Mr Federer marched into the classroom, stack of papers in hand. Seeing this, Lily sat restlessly in her seat with her fingers crossed. She felt her heart would bounce out of her mouth. Mr Federer planted himself in the front of the classroom, cleared his throat and announced: “Way to go, Lily! You made it！” Amid loud bursts of applause, Mr Federer presented Lily with the prize. Holding the box containing the tennis racket, Lily was walking on air.
When school was dismissed, Lily hurried home, dying to tell her mother the good news. “What's up？” Mom sensed something unusual and asked after Lily seated herself. “Mom, guess what! I won the spelling test！” Lily said proudly. Mom hugged her, asking her to show the test paper to Dad when he got home. Instinctively, Lily took another look at the test paper, but was horrified to find “H-o-n-e-s-l-y”. She suddenly felt dizzy and her face was burning.
Mom smelled a rat and asked what was wrong. “I am just ... too excited，” Lily stammered, hastily stuffing the test paper into her backpack. Mom brought her some tea. Yes, a “t” was exactly what she needed.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
About one hour later, Dad came home.
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Lily went to school earlier than usual.
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①culture □ ②discuss □
③fault □ ④focus □
⑤grammar □ ⑥explanation □
⑦express □ ⑧failure □
⑨fluent □ gradually □
wonderful □ accurate □
difference □ difficulty □
effective □ master □
phrase □ practise □
recite □ topic □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
fault， grammar， focus， fluent， master， recite， topic， difference， wonderful， phrase
1．The composition is excellent except for some ______ mistakes.
2．I am ______ in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.
3．The girl has a sharp tongue and tends to find ______ with me.
4．What I'm going to do in this lecture is ______ on something very specific.
5．The theme of the speech contest is “______ between eastern and western customs”．
6．Students are expected to ______ a second language.
7．He ______ the whole poem without making a single slip.
8．On the way to the downtown area of Lhasa, I was thinking of three _______bright sunshine, azure (蔚蓝的) sky and blue water.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Role-play allows students to practise ______ (speak) English in a safe situation.
2．Whether the traditional English teaching method is still effective is a topic under heated ______ (discuss)．
3．She often ______ (express) herself using English so that her English has improved.
4．Many children can't function ______ (effective) in large classes.
5．The teacher gave an accessible ______ (explain) concerning the answer to the math problem.
6．It is of first importance to spread ______ (culture) and scientific knowledge among the people.
7．With the boy leading the way, we had no ______ (difficult) finding his home.
8．You helped me correct grammar mistakes, which is of vital importance for conveying my ideas ______ (accurate)．
9．The book starts slowly, but it ______ (gradual) draws you in.
10．Facing ______ (fail), you shouldn't feel sad and lose heart.7 / 7
WELCOME UNIT 主题训练 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·渭南二模)Unlike many other exchange students, my school focused on arts such as singing, acting, dancing, and many other talents, so there wasn't much room for sports. Honestly, in the beginning, I was a little sad because I wanted to participate in basketball. However, I did not let that disappoint me. After a while, I took a pause for some self-reflection. I remembered how much I like to sing even though I don't think I'm good at it. I then thought to myself, “Why not be the one to try acting？”
After my first week, I loved the school! My art classes feel like a break from reality and the scenery at my school makes me feel as though I am in some talent-based American high school movie. Every morning, we are welcomed with the beautiful voices from my teachers. At lunch, we are entertained with musical performances by any student who wishes to sing.
During my second week of school, I was required to perform my first five-minute play with my class partner. I was a bit nervous, but I gathered courage and did it. By chance, a staff person from the school office saw my performance. After school, on my way to the bus, she called me and informed me she had recommended me and some other students to participate in an upcoming two-day workshop. I first thought she was teasing me. When I got home, I found out she'd also sent an email to my host mom.
My host mom is very busy, but she planned her schedule around the activity. My host mom picked me up from school and drove me to the workshop which was an hour from my school. After the workshop, we were presented with tickets to watch the play the following day. After the show, I met with the actors, thanked and congratulated them. On our way home, I was smiling so much that my cheeks hurt. I appreciate my host family and school for giving me this experience.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在美国作为交换生的生活。
1．How did the author overcome her displeasure
A．By playing basketball.
B．By taking a rest.
C．By finding her talent.
D．By changing her hobby.
解析：选D 细节理解题。第一段中“I was a little sad because I wanted to participate in basketball”提到“我有一点难过，因为我想参加篮球运动。”再结合下文中“I remembered how much I like to sing even though I don't think I'm good at it. I then thought to myself，‘Why not be the one to try acting？’”可知，作者想尝试表演，通过改变爱好来克服自己的不满意。故选D。
2．What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．The school is quite different from her former one.
B．Every day in the school is simply attractive.
C．She does nothing but sing at the new school.
D．The school's beautiful scenery appeals to her.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“My art classes feel like a break ... American high school movie.”可知，学校美丽的风景对作者有吸引力。故选D。
3．How does the author feel on hearing the words of a staff person
A．She was too excited to speak a word.
B．She just couldn't believe her ears.
C．She was proud of her performance.
D．She felt kind of scared and nervous.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I first thought she was teasing me.”可知，作者一开始不敢相信自己的耳朵。故选B。
4．What kind of person is her host mom
A．Considerate. B．Optimistic.
C．Serious. D．Indifferent.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“My host mom is very busy ... which was an hour from my school.”可知，作者寄宿家庭的妈妈虽然很忙，但是抽出时间接作者并把作者送去工作室，故可推知，她很体贴。故选A。
B
(2023·日照三模)Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she doesn't actually achieve much.
This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see in there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who looks through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working. The guy who brings three meals, a blanket, and six-pack of Red Bull to the study zone in preparation for an all-day paper-writing marathon is also pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain's ability to think clearly and efficiently achieve the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don't even realize that they're pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work — it's how they've always done it, and it's how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but it's also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula (公式): work achieved＝time spent × intensity of focus.
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to achieve something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach, on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大学校园里的很多事半功倍的“伪工作”现象。文章分析了原因以及后果，并用公式(完成的工作＝花费的时间 × 专注的强度)强调了专注对于一个全优生的重要性。
5．What can we learn about pseudo-workers
A．They often stay up late.
B．They love their work a lot.
C．They are not intelligent.
D．They are not productive.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard ... he or she doesn't actually achieve much. ”可知，“伪工作者”看似很努力，但收获很少，没有什么成效。故选D。
6．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Pseudo-working is common.
B．Pseudo-working is acceptable.
C．Why students like pseudo-working.
D．What pseudo-working means.
解析：选A 段落大意题。通读第二段，第一句“This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. ”提到这种现象在大多数大学校园里都能看到，下文部分为举例说明什么样的行为为“伪工作”。故第二段主要陈述“伪工作很常见”。故选A。
7．What worries the author most concerning pseudo-working
A．Most students' unawareness of it.
B．Most students' positive attitude to it.
C．Its harmful effect on students' health.
D．Its damage to students' relationship.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The bigger problem here is that most students don't even realize that they're pseudo-working ... It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way.”可知，作者担心这些学生对于自己的“伪工作”行为一无所知。故选A。
8．Why does the author mention the formula in the text
A．To show the benefit of relaxation.
B．To stress the importance of concentration.
C．To prove the necessity of achieving work.
D．To explain the reason for spending much time.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，这个公式表明，浪费的努力越小，单位时间内专注度越高，完成的工作量就越大。所以作者提到该公式是为了强调专注的重要性。故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
3 Tips to Boost Your Confidence
When facing a big challenge where potential failure seems to lurk at every corner, you've maybe heard this advice before: “Be more confident.” And most likely, your response would be，“If only it were that simple.” __9__？ Take the belief that you are valuable, worthwhile, and capable, be optimistic and certain about your abilities, and then act courageously to face a challenge head-on. This is confidence. By keeping in mind a few practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.
Tip 1: a quick fix. There are a few tricks that can give you an immediate confidence boost in the short term. Picture your success when you're beginning a difficult task, something as simple as listening to music with deep bass. __10__. You can even strike a powerful pose or give yourself a pep talk.
Tip 2: __11__. If you're looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that you think your talents are locked in place, you might give up, __12__. But if you have a growth mindset and think your abilities can improve, a challenge is an opportunity to learn and grow.
Tip 3: practice failure. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying are better equipped to respond to challenges in a constructive way. They learn to try different strategies, ask others for advice, and persist. So think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it won't be easy, accept that you'll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. Give yourself a pep talk, stand up, and go for it. __13__.
A．improve your ability
B．But what is confidence
C．But how can we be confident
D．believe in your ability to improve
E．It can promote feelings of power
F．assuming you've discovered something you're not very good at
G．Whatever the result is, you'll have gained greater knowledge and understanding
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了当面对挑战和挫折时，我们可以通过三个实用技巧来增强自信。
9．选B 根据后文中的对信心的释义以及句子“This is confidence.”可知，设空处是提出疑问“But what is confidence ”，引出下文，故选B。
10．选E 段首“There are a few tricks that can give you an immediate confidence boost in the short term.”讲有小技巧提升自信，上文“Picture your success when you're beginning a difficult task, something as simple as listening to music with deep bass.”列举了一个技巧：Picture your success，E项“它可以提升力量感”说明了其效果，且E项中的It指代前文的“Picture your success”，符合上下文连贯。故选E。
11．选D 设空处为段落主旨句。后文通过对固定型思维模式和成长型思维模式的对比可见，当你相信你的能力可以提升时，你所遇见的挑战才能促进你的提升和成长。所以D选项“相信你的能力能提高”符合段落主旨。故选D。
12．选F 设空处和前文的“If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that you think your talents are locked in place, you might give up”一起构成一个主从复合句。F选项“你认为已经发现了你不擅长的东西”是对前文的意义承接，你也许会放弃，随之而来的是你认为你发现了一个你不是很擅长的东西，前后语意连贯。故选F。
13．选G 设空处为段尾总结句。呼应本段段落主旨句“practice failure.”，当面对失败，不断尝试，勇于挑战，向他人寻求帮助，并坚持不懈。故G项“不论结果如何，你都会获得更多的知识和理解”是本段的总结句，故选G。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①preview □ ②revise/review □
③explanation □ ④comprehension □
⑤analyze □ ⑥summarize □
⑦discuss □ ⑧memorize □
⑨assignment □ ⑩practice □
attain/obtain □ achievement □
argue □ behave □
diploma □ examination □
quiz □ mark/score □
grade □ error □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
review， analyze， comprehension， attain， score， error， preview， diploma， quiz， grade
1．It is generally believed that a high diploma guarantees a promising future.
2．I analyzed the situation and studied harder and with all my efforts and the help of others, I finally became good at physics.
3．Only by doing this can we learn all the courses well and achieve better grades.
4．To attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, why not make friends with native speakers and spend time with them
5．Please review all the notes you need to cover for each course and make full preparations for the coming exam.
6．You can take part in debates, quizzes,_or essay competitions in which you don't have to spend money and you can enrich your knowledge.
7．Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school.
8．Nobody taught him and he actually learned by himself through trial and error.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The more you practise speaking (speak) English, the more fluently you'll speak it, which is because practice makes perfect.
2．I'd like to share my opinion on the argument (argue)“Moderate pressure does good to progress”．
3．It is necessary to_examine (examine) how the proposals can be carried out.
4．We had a heated discussion (discuss) on how to stop global warming at the meeting held the other day.
5．Only when you go all out can you make a remarkable achievement (achieve) in your career.
6．We take her everywhere with us and she is so well behaved (behave) and loving.
7．When I went to your shop for an explanation (explain), the salesperson behaved in a rude manner, turning a deaf ear to my requirement.
8．Do as what I have told you, and I'm sure they can help you a lot in the improvement of your memory (memorize)．
9．Without little time left, I finished the assignment (assign) in a hurry and the next day, I handed in it nervously.
10．In summary (summarize), only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.7 / 7
WELCOME UNIT 主题训练 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·渭南二模)Unlike many other exchange students, my school focused on arts such as singing, acting, dancing, and many other talents, so there wasn't much room for sports. Honestly, in the beginning, I was a little sad because I wanted to participate in basketball. However, I did not let that disappoint me. After a while, I took a pause for some self-reflection. I remembered how much I like to sing even though I don't think I'm good at it. I then thought to myself, “Why not be the one to try acting？”
After my first week, I loved the school! My art classes feel like a break from reality and the scenery at my school makes me feel as though I am in some talent-based American high school movie. Every morning, we are welcomed with the beautiful voices from my teachers. At lunch, we are entertained with musical performances by any student who wishes to sing.
During my second week of school, I was required to perform my first five-minute play with my class partner. I was a bit nervous, but I gathered courage and did it. By chance, a staff person from the school office saw my performance. After school, on my way to the bus, she called me and informed me she had recommended me and some other students to participate in an upcoming two-day workshop. I first thought she was teasing me. When I got home, I found out she'd also sent an email to my host mom.
My host mom is very busy, but she planned her schedule around the activity. My host mom picked me up from school and drove me to the workshop which was an hour from my school. After the workshop, we were presented with tickets to watch the play the following day. After the show, I met with the actors, thanked and congratulated them. On our way home, I was smiling so much that my cheeks hurt. I appreciate my host family and school for giving me this experience.
1．How did the author overcome her displeasure
A．By playing basketball.
B．By taking a rest.
C．By finding her talent.
D．By changing her hobby.
2．What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．The school is quite different from her former one.
B．Every day in the school is simply attractive.
C．She does nothing but sing at the new school.
D．The school's beautiful scenery appeals to her.
3．How does the author feel on hearing the words of a staff person
A．She was too excited to speak a word.
B．She just couldn't believe her ears.
C．She was proud of her performance.
D．She felt kind of scared and nervous.
4．What kind of person is her host mom
A．Considerate. B．Optimistic.
C．Serious. D．Indifferent.
B
(2023·日照三模)Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she doesn't actually achieve much.
This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see in there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who looks through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working. The guy who brings three meals, a blanket, and six-pack of Red Bull to the study zone in preparation for an all-day paper-writing marathon is also pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain's ability to think clearly and efficiently achieve the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don't even realize that they're pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work — it's how they've always done it, and it's how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but it's also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula (公式): work achieved＝time spent × intensity of focus.
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to achieve something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach, on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.
5．What can we learn about pseudo-workers
A．They often stay up late.
B．They love their work a lot.
C．They are not intelligent.
D．They are not productive.
6．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Pseudo-working is common.
B．Pseudo-working is acceptable.
C．Why students like pseudo-working.
D．What pseudo-working means.
7．What worries the author most concerning pseudo-working
A．Most students' unawareness of it.
B．Most students' positive attitude to it.
C．Its harmful effect on students' health.
D．Its damage to students' relationship.
8．Why does the author mention the formula in the text
A．To show the benefit of relaxation.
B．To stress the importance of concentration.
C．To prove the necessity of achieving work.
D．To explain the reason for spending much time.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
3 Tips to Boost Your Confidence
When facing a big challenge where potential failure seems to lurk at every corner, you've maybe heard this advice before: “Be more confident.” And most likely, your response would be，“If only it were that simple.” __9__？ Take the belief that you are valuable, worthwhile, and capable, be optimistic and certain about your abilities, and then act courageously to face a challenge head-on. This is confidence. By keeping in mind a few practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.
Tip 1: a quick fix. There are a few tricks that can give you an immediate confidence boost in the short term. Picture your success when you're beginning a difficult task, something as simple as listening to music with deep bass. __10__. You can even strike a powerful pose or give yourself a pep talk.
Tip 2: __11__. If you're looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that you think your talents are locked in place, you might give up, __12__. But if you have a growth mindset and think your abilities can improve, a challenge is an opportunity to learn and grow.
Tip 3: practice failure. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying are better equipped to respond to challenges in a constructive way. They learn to try different strategies, ask others for advice, and persist. So think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it won't be easy, accept that you'll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. Give yourself a pep talk, stand up, and go for it. __13__.
A．improve your ability
B．But what is confidence
C．But how can we be confident
D．believe in your ability to improve
E．It can promote feelings of power
F．assuming you've discovered something you're not very good at
G．Whatever the result is, you'll have gained greater knowledge and understanding
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①preview □ ②revise/review □
③explanation □ ④comprehension □
⑤analyze □ ⑥summarize □
⑦discuss □ ⑧memorize □
⑨assignment □ ⑩practice □
attain/obtain □ achievement □
argue □ behave □
diploma □ examination □
quiz □ mark/score □
grade □ error □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
review， analyze， comprehension， attain， score， error， preview， diploma， quiz， grade
1．It is generally believed that a high ______ guarantees a promising future.
2．I ______ the situation and studied harder and with all my efforts and the help of others, I finally became good at physics.
3．Only by doing this can we learn all the courses well and achieve better ______.
4．To ______ a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, why not make friends with native speakers and spend time with them
5．Please ______ all the notes you need to cover for each course and make full preparations for the coming exam.
6．You can take part in debates, _______or essay competitions in which you don't have to spend money and you can enrich your knowledge.
7．Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children bigger vocabularies and better reading ______ in school.
8．Nobody taught him and he actually learned by himself through trial and ______.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The more you practise ______ (speak) English, the more fluently you'll speak it, which is because practice makes perfect.
2．I'd like to share my opinion on the ______ (argue)“Moderate pressure does good to progress”．
3．It is necessary _____________ (examine) how the proposals can be carried out.
4．We had a heated ______ (discuss) on how to stop global warming at the meeting held the other day.
5．Only when you go all out can you make a remarkable ______ (achieve) in your career.
6．We take her everywhere with us and she is so well ______ (behave) and loving.
7．When I went to your shop for an ______ (explain), the salesperson behaved in a rude manner, turning a deaf ear to my requirement.
8．Do as what I have told you, and I'm sure they can help you a lot in the improvement of your ______ (memorize)．
9．Without little time left, I finished the ______ (assign) in a hurry and the next day, I handed in it nervously.
10．In ______ (summarize), only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.
