PAGE
第 5 页 共 5 页
课下主题训练 重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a strong wind to help him put them out.
While many people in China will remember Confucius on this special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks (缺点) of Westerners' philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.
语篇解读：本文阐述了西方学生学习中国文化的现象，并告诉我们中国古代伟大的思想家——孔子的思想仍然受到世界人们的追捧。
1．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________.
A．provide some key facts about Confucius
B．attract the readers' interest in the subject
C．show great respect for the ancient thinker
D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations
解析：选B 写作意图题。第一段说如果孔子仍然活着并能庆祝生日的话，将会有很多的蜡烛，他需要很大的风才能吹灭，是为了吸引读者的兴趣，让读者继续读下去。
2．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ________.
A．have a great interest in studying Chinese
B．take an active part in Chinese competitions
C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams
D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句和第六句中的“are racing to learn Chinese”可知，美国学生对中国文化很感兴趣。
3．What is the best title for the passage
A．Forgotten Wisdom in America
B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language
C．Chinese Culture for Westerners
D．Old Thinker with a Big Future
解析：选D 标题归纳题。本文主要向我们介绍了孔子的思想对西方的影响，以及将来可能产生的影响。
B
History never stops moving.It develops and it is fluid (易变的)．What history looks like today is different from what it looked like a hundred years ago, and what today's history in the making looks like now may be seen differently just 20 years from now.
When combing the past and the present for a list such as the 100 People Who Changed the World, there are criteria to consider, to be sure, but there are no hard and fast rules.There are judgments to be made, but there are no certain truths.Our list was less a hardened document than a current collection — a collection of men and women who, for better and sometimes for worse, have made a clear mark on our civilization.Such a list is by necessity subjective and open to delicious debate.
But while history may be fluid, it does tend to be clarified over time.The significance of Aristotle or Catherine the Great is easy to see from here.And certainly, the importance of some of history's great characters such as Mother Teresa and Pablo Picasso was apparent to their contemporaries.Others were largely invisible in their own time.Their contributions were realized only long after they were gone: Karl Marx died in 1883, many years before his writings would inspire powerful communist societies; Alan Turing, who died lonely and painful, is now regarded as the brilliant father of the computer.
Perhaps the most interesting part of this exercise is thinking about the final impact of present-day figures.Steve Jobs makes the list by virtue of his influence on high tech and our daily lives.But what of Mark Zuckerberg His impact is huge, and he has made it possible for billions of people to come together.But the social media site has also made it easier to drive society apart, upsetting the news business.
Will the moment last Only time will tell.History will move unavoidably forward; our questions today will have answers tomorrow.And lists like these will change — again and again and again.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过一些例子说明历史是易变的，时间会告诉我们一切，历史会不可避免地向前发展。
4．What do we know about the list of “the 100 People Who Changed the World”？
A．It needs to be objective.
B．It is based on strict criteria.
C．It should be accepted by all.
D．It keeps changing with history.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When combing the ...are no hard and fast rules.”可知， 关于“100位改变世界的人”虽然有一些标准，但没有硬性规定，故可推知它是随历史而不断变化的。
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Some people's contributions may be recognized much later.
B．Most people couldn't be acknowledged at their own time.
C．History will change and giants' deeds will fade away.
D．The important figures always stand out easily.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Others were largely ...they were gone”可知，有些人的贡献可能会在很久以后才得到承认。
6．What can be Mark Zuckerberg's impact on the world
A．Positive. B．Mixed.
C．Negative. D．Certain.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But what of ...upsetting the news business.”可知，Mark Zuckerberg使数十亿人聚集在一起成为可能，但这个社交网站也使社会分裂变得更容易，扰乱了新闻行业。由此可推知，Mark Zuckerberg的影响既有积极的，又有消极的，故其影响是混合的。
7．What is the purpose of this text
A．To educate readers.
B．To persuade readers.
C．To inform readers.
D．To describe something.
解析：选C 写作意图题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要通过一些例子说明历史是易变的，时间会告诉我们一切，历史会不可避免地向前发展。所以纵观全文来看，本文的写作目的就是告知读者一种历史现象。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Exposure to different cultures is one of the main reasons I enjoy visiting other countries. There are other types of food, interesting people, new experiences. __8__
A country usually has its own money, such as RMB in China, rupee in India, and rufiyaa in Maldives. __9__ This can make travel among such countries much easier and more convenient. In my opinion, however, I like having different kinds of money to use and get used to that while I travel. __10__ When I visited Thailand and Vietnam last month, getting used to the fact that ￡1 is equal to over 42 Thai baht and 27, 000 Vietnamese dong was also quite a good test on my maths skills!
If you've ever been to the UK, you will know the Queen's head is on every banknote and every coin. I was living in the Quebec province of Canada last year and money there surprised me greatly. __11__ This is because she's also Canada's Head of State. Images on the Canadian money are various, including former prime ministers, as well as Canadian wildlife like the beaver, caribou and polar bear.
__12__ Wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill appears on ￡5 banknotes and writer Jane Austen ￡10 banknotes. The banknotes are also made of a material called polymer rather than paper. In Canada, they are already using polymer banknotes and some people even think that the money smells of maple syrup (枫糖浆), probably the country's most well-known food!
A．There are new historical figures on the pound notes.
B．They have the British Queen on their $20 banknotes.
C．Money represents the preference and development of a country.
D．Of course, there're many countries using euros or US dollars.
E．You will also be amazed by the images on the money.
F．One more thing to mention in a new country is a different currency.
G．It's part of the cultural experience to hold money with a foreign figure.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。作者讲述了她喜欢去别的国家旅游以从当地的新鲜事物中接触不同的文化，货币就是其中之一，通过不同国家的货币可以了解他们的文化和历史。
8．选F 上文提到“There are other types of food, interesting people, new experiences”， 下文讲述各个国家的货币，F项“One more thing to mention in a new country is a different currency”承上启下，符合题意。
9．选D 根据空后的“This can make travel among such countries much easier and more convenient.”可知，空处是导致这个结果的原因，D项中提及“很多国家使用欧元或美元”，这正是给人们旅游带来便利的原因。
10．选G 结合上文中的“I like having different kinds of money to use and get used to that”和下文作者去泰国和越南用当地的货币可知，作者认为通过使用不同的货币可以了解当地的文化，G项正是说明这一点。
11．选B 结合上文提到的“the Queen's head is on every banknote and every coin”和下文中的“This is because she's also Canada's Head of State.”可知，英国的货币上有女王的头像，同时英国女王也是加拿大的国家元首，所以空处应表示加拿大的货币上也有女王头像，故B项符合语境。
12．选A 下一句提到丘吉尔(的头像)出现在了5英镑纸币上，作家简·奥斯汀(的头像)出现在了10英镑的纸币上，再结合第三段提到“如果你到过英国，你就知道女王的头像出现在所有的纸币和硬币上”可知，此处应表示英镑上出现了新的人物形象，故选A项。PAGE
第 5 页 共 5 页
课下主题训练 重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a strong wind to help him put them out.
While many people in China will remember Confucius on this special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks (缺点) of Westerners' philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.
1．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________.
A．provide some key facts about Confucius
B．attract the readers' interest in the subject
C．show great respect for the ancient thinker
D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations
2．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ________.
A．have a great interest in studying Chinese
B．take an active part in Chinese competitions
C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams
D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese
3．What is the best title for the passage
A．Forgotten Wisdom in America
B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language
C．Chinese Culture for Westerners
D．Old Thinker with a Big Future
B
History never stops moving.It develops and it is fluid (易变的)．What history looks like today is different from what it looked like a hundred years ago, and what today's history in the making looks like now may be seen differently just 20 years from now.
When combing the past and the present for a list such as the 100 People Who Changed the World, there are criteria to consider, to be sure, but there are no hard and fast rules.There are judgments to be made, but there are no certain truths.Our list was less a hardened document than a current collection — a collection of men and women who, for better and sometimes for worse, have made a clear mark on our civilization.Such a list is by necessity subjective and open to delicious debate.
But while history may be fluid, it does tend to be clarified over time.The significance of Aristotle or Catherine the Great is easy to see from here.And certainly, the importance of some of history's great characters such as Mother Teresa and Pablo Picasso was apparent to their contemporaries.Others were largely invisible in their own time.Their contributions were realized only long after they were gone: Karl Marx died in 1883, many years before his writings would inspire powerful communist societies; Alan Turing, who died lonely and painful, is now regarded as the brilliant father of the computer.
Perhaps the most interesting part of this exercise is thinking about the final impact of present-day figures.Steve Jobs makes the list by virtue of his influence on high tech and our daily lives.But what of Mark Zuckerberg His impact is huge, and he has made it possible for billions of people to come together.But the social media site has also made it easier to drive society apart, upsetting the news business.
Will the moment last Only time will tell.History will move unavoidably forward; our questions today will have answers tomorrow.And lists like these will change — again and again and again.
4．What do we know about the list of “the 100 People Who Changed the World”？
A．It needs to be objective.
B．It is based on strict criteria.
C．It should be accepted by all.
D．It keeps changing with history.
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Some people's contributions may be recognized much later.
B．Most people couldn't be acknowledged at their own time.
C．History will change and giants' deeds will fade away.
D．The important figures always stand out easily.
6．What can be Mark Zuckerberg's impact on the world
A．Positive. B．Mixed.
C．Negative. D．Certain.
7．What is the purpose of this text
A．To educate readers.
B．To persuade readers.
C．To inform readers.
D．To describe something.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Exposure to different cultures is one of the main reasons I enjoy visiting other countries. There are other types of food, interesting people, new experiences. __8__
A country usually has its own money, such as RMB in China, rupee in India, and rufiyaa in Maldives. __9__ This can make travel among such countries much easier and more convenient. In my opinion, however, I like having different kinds of money to use and get used to that while I travel. __10__ When I visited Thailand and Vietnam last month, getting used to the fact that ￡1 is equal to over 42 Thai baht and 27, 000 Vietnamese dong was also quite a good test on my maths skills!
If you've ever been to the UK, you will know the Queen's head is on every banknote and every coin. I was living in the Quebec province of Canada last year and money there surprised me greatly. __11__ This is because she's also Canada's Head of State. Images on the Canadian money are various, including former prime ministers, as well as Canadian wildlife like the beaver, caribou and polar bear.
__12__ Wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill appears on ￡5 banknotes and writer Jane Austen ￡10 banknotes. The banknotes are also made of a material called polymer rather than paper. In Canada, they are already using polymer banknotes and some people even think that the money smells of maple syrup (枫糖浆), probably the country's most well-known food!
A．There are new historical figures on the pound notes.
B．They have the British Queen on their $20 banknotes.
C．Money represents the preference and development of a country.
D．Of course, there're many countries using euros or US dollars.
E．You will also be amazed by the images on the money.
F．One more thing to mention in a new country is a different currency.
G．It's part of the cultural experience to hold money with a foreign figure.PAGE
第 4 页 共 4 页
课下主题训练 社会热点问题
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：社会热点问题
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now
contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国政府通过对软饮料征收糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，并将该收入用于学校的体育设施和更健康的饮食。
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health.
D．To encourage research in education.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“..., was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It ... are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.”可知，征收糖税是为了帮助减少儿童肥胖。现在的儿童和青少年因摄入的糖分过多，使得他们患病的风险更高。
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知，在商店里销售的超过一半的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，这样他们就可以避免缴税。
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.” 可知，一些高糖品牌，如经典的可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并且因害怕会使消费者不快而拒绝改变。由此可知，糖税是从经典的可口可乐征收的。
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，今天的数字显示了糖税对体育设施和学校的健康饮食的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康且积极的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。由此可推断，采取糖税政策是一个成功的例子。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模及应用(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.指控
②(一词多义)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.含量
③(一词多义)Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.数字
④(熟词生义)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.吃；喝；饮
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①bring in 赚得
②apply to 应用于
③put sb. at a risk of 使某人处于……的风险中
④at present 目前；现在
⑤as a result of 因为；由于
⑥depend on 取决于
⑦for fear of 以免；唯恐
⑧free of 无……的
⑨of great importance 有着重要意义
⑩play one's part 起作用
三、寻结构破长句
1．It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.
抓标志：从属连词after；并列连词so
判类型：复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：在此之前，超过一半的商店出售的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，以避免交税。
2．Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
抓标志：并列连词(第二个)and
判类型：简单句(含有动名词短语作主语)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：帮助下一代拥有一个健康和积极的童年是非常重要的，该行业正在发挥其作用。
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
赏析：句中倍数表达法three times the recommended level of(三倍于推荐量)和分词短语作结果状语putting ... at a higher risk of(使……处于……的更高风险中)，使读者对当今儿童和青少年因摄入过多的糖分以至于面临高的患病风险这一现状产生很大的忧虑。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①It can not only help us reduce our stress level but also increase our confidence, leading (lead) to success in areas like school and work.
②As a rough estimate, Nigeria is three_times_the_size_of the country.
粗略估计，尼日利亚是这个国家的三倍大。
2．(赏衔接之美)Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
赏析：句中两个时间标志词initially(最初)和at present(目前)描述了糖税每年将为财政部带来的收入的预期和现状；转折副词however的使用强调了糖税的进展没有达到预期。行文自然，衔接紧密。PAGE
第 4 页 共 4 页
课下主题训练 社会热点问题
学案(三) 高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养
2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：社会热点问题
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now
contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
[真题再做]
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health.
D．To encourage research in education.
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模及应用(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.指控
②(一词多义)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.含量
③(一词多义)Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.数字
④(熟词生义)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.吃；喝；饮
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①bring in 赚得
②apply to 应用于
③put sb. at a risk of 使某人处于……的风险中
④at present 目前；现在
⑤as a result of 因为；由于
⑥depend on 取决于
⑦for fear of 以免；唯恐
⑧free of 无……的
⑨of great importance 有着重要意义
⑩play one's part 起作用
三、寻结构破长句
1．It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.
抓标志：从属连词after；并列连词so
判类型：复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：在此之前，超过一半的商店出售的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，以避免交税。
2．Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
抓标志：并列连词(第二个)and
判类型：简单句(含有动名词短语作主语)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：帮助下一代拥有一个健康和积极的童年是非常重要的，该行业正在发挥其作用。
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
赏析：句中倍数表达法three times the recommended level of(三倍于推荐量)和分词短语作结果状语putting ... at a higher risk of(使……处于……的更高风险中)，使读者对当今儿童和青少年因摄入过多的糖分以至于面临高的患病风险这一现状产生很大的忧虑。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①It can not only help us reduce our stress level but also increase our confidence, leading (lead) to success in areas like school and work.
②As a rough estimate, Nigeria is three_times_the_size_of the country.
粗略估计，尼日利亚是这个国家的三倍大。
2．(赏衔接之美)Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
赏析：句中两个时间标志词initially(最初)和at present(目前)描述了糖税每年将为财政部带来的收入的预期和现状；转折副词however的使用强调了糖税的进展没有达到预期。行文自然，衔接紧密。PAGE
第 4 页 共 4 页
课下主题训练 科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.
The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.
“RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected，” said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with every day activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.
RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.
“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising，” Minor said. “The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人，可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。
1．How does RAS serve elderly people
A．Through sensors.
B．Through objects.
C．Through a mobile robot.
D．Through their daily activities.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，机器人活动支持系统(RAS)使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器(传感器)来确定其居民在哪里，他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助，说明传感器起到了重大的作用，故选A项。
2．What can we know about RAS
A．It is the first robot used in daily life.
B．Its function remains to be tested.
C．It can locate people and do any task.
D．It can cook for owners on its own.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance ...”可知，这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测试，说明正在测试阶段，故选B项。
3．What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS
A．Doubtful. B．Negative.
C．Optimistic. D．Uncertain.
解析：选C 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising”可知，Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心、非常乐观，故选C项。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Elderly people leave the nursing home
B．Smart Home Tests first elder-Care robot
C．RAS, the first robot to make home smart
D．Older adults have benefited from RAS
解析：选B 标题归纳题。文章介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。由最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance ...”可知，机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试，故选B项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A 14-year-old Chinese boy overcame two of humankind's most dreaded fears — getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework __1__ (do) in a single night, owing to his calm-witted character.
Sun Yixiao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school __2__ the lift suddenly came to a stop. A moment of panic followed before the __3__ (teenage) could find a way out.
Sun said he tried to open the elevator door, __4__ (press) all the buttons in the hope to get the elevator to work again, but it didn't work.
Without a cell phone at hand, Sun tried yelling to get the attention of people outside, but no one responded as time passed by. He slipped a note through the door __5__ the message “people stuck inside, please ask the property management for help”， and hoped someone __6__ (pick) it up and act on it.
After exhausting all his options without knowing how long __7__ would take before someone found him, he took out his textbooks and started to do his homework __8__ (patient)．
Soon after he finished his duties, Sun heard loud __9__ (voice) outside. A large crowd including his teachers and other parents had come to the rescue, by which time he __10__ (trap) in the elevator for over five hours.
语篇解读：本文为记叙文。文章讲述了一位14岁的学霸被困电梯5小时，淡定写完家庭作业的故事。
1．done 考查非谓语动词。homework与do构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
2．when 考查连词。句意：在周二傍晚放学后，孙轶潇乘坐电梯回家，这时电梯突然停了下来。根据句意可知此处是when引导的时间状语从句，意为“正在做某事，这时候……”。
3．teenager 考查名词。根据语境可知此处用teenager。
4．pressing 考查非谓语动词。主语he与press构成主动关系，故使用现在分词作伴随状语。
5．with 考查介词。此处表示纸条上面写着“有人被困在电梯内，请叫物业来帮忙”。
6．would/could pick 考查动词的时态。此处表示他希望有人会捡到纸条并来救他。故填would/could pick。
7．it 考查代词。此处为“It would/will＋be/take＋时间段＋before ...”结构。
8．patiently 考查副词。此处表示耐心地做作业。修饰动词do使用副词patiently。
9．voices 考查名词复数。voice作“噪音，说话声”时为可数名词，故用其复数形式。
10．had been trapped 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：包括老师和其他父母在内的一大群人来营救，而到此时他已经被困在电梯里五个多小时了。根据句意可知此处用过去完成时态的被动语态，故填had been trapped。
Ⅲ.短文改错
There is no doubt that we have benefit a lot from the Internet in our everyday life. We can read news, watch films, keep in the touch with our relatives, make friends, or play games to get relaxing on the Internet.
But every coin has two side. The Internet also has bad effects on people, especial on teenagers. Things such as violence and cheating, often appeared on the Internet seriously polluting their hearts and soul. As a result, children will gradually lose interest on their studies.
Now, it's high time that the government took effectively measures. Some websites that disobey the rules should made public and closed up. I'm sure you will have a better online environment soon so that the Internet can serve us better.
答案：第一句：benefit→benefited
第二句：去掉touch前的the; relaxing→relaxed
第三句：side→sides
第四句：especial→especially
第五句：appeared→appear
第六句：on→in
第七句：effectively→effective
第八句：should后加be
第九句：you→we
Ⅳ.书面表达
你校英文报的Astronomy栏目正在举办征文比赛，你寒假参加过王教授在你市科技博物馆举办的天文知识讲座。请你根据自己的经历写一篇短文给该报投稿，内容包括：
1．参加讲座的经历；
2．参加讲座后的心得体会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：讲座 lecture
参考范文：
In the winter holiday, I attended a lecture on astronomy by Professor Wang in the Science and Technology Museum in our city.
In the lecture, I learned something about the solar system, an amazing world that I knew little about before.Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos, which made us have a sound knowledge of other planets.When the lecture was over, we got a chance to ask him some questions.
This valuable experience made me believe that there are still many secrets about the universe waiting to be explored.And I am determined to study harder and make a contribution to astronomy in the future.PAGE
第 4 页 共 4 页
课下主题训练 科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.
The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.
“RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected，” said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with every day activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.
RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.
“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising，” Minor said. “The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.”
1．How does RAS serve elderly people
A．Through sensors.
B．Through objects.
C．Through a mobile robot.
D．Through their daily activities.
2．What can we know about RAS
A．It is the first robot used in daily life.
B．Its function remains to be tested.
C．It can locate people and do any task.
D．It can cook for owners on its own.
3．What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS
A．Doubtful. B．Negative.
C．Optimistic. D．Uncertain.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Elderly people leave the nursing home
B．Smart Home Tests first elder-Care robot
C．RAS, the first robot to make home smart
D．Older adults have benefited from RAS
Ⅱ.语法填空
A 14-year-old Chinese boy overcame two of humankind's most dreaded fears — getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework __1__ (do) in a single night, owing to his calm-witted character.
Sun Yixiao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school __2__ the lift suddenly came to a stop. A moment of panic followed before the __3__ (teenage) could find a way out.
Sun said he tried to open the elevator door, __4__ (press) all the buttons in the hope to get the elevator to work again, but it didn't work.
Without a cell phone at hand, Sun tried yelling to get the attention of people outside, but no one responded as time passed by. He slipped a note through the door __5__ the message “people stuck inside, please ask the property management for help”， and hoped someone __6__ (pick) it up and act on it.
After exhausting all his options without knowing how long __7__ would take before someone found him, he took out his textbooks and started to do his homework __8__ (patient)．
Soon after he finished his duties, Sun heard loud __9__ (voice) outside. A large crowd including his teachers and other parents had come to the rescue, by which time he __10__ (trap) in the elevator for over five hours.
Ⅲ.短文改错
There is no doubt that we have benefit a lot from the Internet in our everyday life. We can read news, watch films, keep in the touch with our relatives, make friends, or play games to get relaxing on the Internet.
But every coin has two side. The Internet also has bad effects on people, especial on teenagers. Things such as violence and cheating, often appeared on the Internet seriously polluting their hearts and soul. As a result, children will gradually lose interest on their studies.
Now, it's high time that the government took effectively measures. Some websites that disobey the rules should made public and closed up. I'm sure you will have a better online environment soon so that the Internet can serve us better.
Ⅳ.书面表达
你校英文报的Astronomy栏目正在举办征文比赛，你寒假参加过王教授在你市科技博物馆举办的天文知识讲座。请你根据自己的经历写一篇短文给该报投稿，内容包括：
1．参加讲座的经历；
2．参加讲座后的心得体会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：讲座 lecturePAGE
第 7 页 共 7 页
课下主题训练
小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Architecture is amazing.It has changed the way I look at and interact with the world and my environment.It has trained me to be hypersensitive (非常敏感的) to the built environment, to recognize problems and find solutions that untrained eyes would never notice.
As much as I love this profession, it is very easy to get lost in architecture.I get so focused that I have forgotten about everything else.Luckily my passion for cycling kept me sane (清醒的)while I was becoming an architect.I faced a lot of obstacles and challenges when taking a bicycle ride across the United States.Looking back, cycling across the America was actually one of the smartest things I ever did.
I have actually bicycled across the continental US twice from east to west and from Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean, both times.Bicycling across America isn't as hard as you think.
I rode alone on my first trip in 2005 from Virginia Beach to the coast of Florence, Oregon.In the end it was 4,547 miles over the course of 77 days.
I left for the second trip in 2007 with my two best friends from Bar Harbor, Maine to Portland, Oregon, which was a 4,886-mile ride over 90 days.At that time, I fell in love with the idea of leaving the east coast behind, starting a whole new life and career in a new city.I ended up in Portland.After arriving in town on a bike, I eventually found a job, a place to live and an amazing dog.
I share all this not to convince anyone to go biking across America, but only to share how doing this has changed my life.Architecture has given me a wonderful life and career but it isn't everything.Thankfully I have also been very passionate about: my friends, travelling, bicycles, punk rock, technology, the Internet, my dog, and even yoga.My architecture background has definitely sweetened my relationship with all those things.
Becoming an architect is noble pursuit, but you should keep pursuing everything else that you are passionate about.It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述骑行给作者带来的改变和非凡体验，告诉我们不要为了工作而放弃追求自己所热爱的其他一切。
1．What's the advantage of cycling according to the author
A．Changing his negative attitude to architecture.
B．Keeping himself focused on his career all the time.
C．Enabling him to find solutions without training.
D．Making him a much better architect and a more interesting person.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It will enhance ...another silly architect.”可知， 作者认为，骑行使自己成为更好的建筑师，最终使自己成为更有趣的人。
2．What does the author think of his two cross-country bike trips
A．They are harder than what he expected before.
B．They show the benefits of riding with friends.
C．They give him some extraordinary experiences.
D．They guarantee him a new life and career in Portland.
解析：选C 推理判断题。 根据第三到五段作者两次骑行穿越美国的经历可知，骑行让作者做了自己喜欢的事情如交友、旅行、找到新的工作 。据此可推知，作者认为两次骑自行车穿越美国是非同寻常的经历。
3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 6
A．Don't get completely lost in your hobbies.
B．Don't abandon hobbies for your profession.
C．Don't feel ashamed of stopping your hobbies.
D．Don't weigh your family against your profession.
解析：选B 推理判断题。通读倒数第二段可知，该段主要说明骑行改变了作者的生活，建筑给了作者美好的生活和事业但它不是一切。据此可以推知，不要因为职业而放弃爱好。
4．In the last paragraph, the author reminds us to ________.
A．take up the pursuit of becoming an architect
B．find what we are really passionate about
C．appreciate other people's good intentions
D．avoid our career taking over other pursuits
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者主张继续追求自己所热爱的其他一切。据此可以推知，作者提醒我们不要让自己的事业取代自己对其他事物的追求。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I will never forget one summer in my childhood. While walking in the attic (阁楼), I stepped on something and __5__down, with my hand landing on a floorboard that popped up and almost hit my head. When I __6__ and looked inside the open space, I could not believe my eyes: There was gold in there! I __7__ a handful of shining gold cubes, ran to the bottom stair and __8__， “Mama, I found gold up there under the floor！”
Back up the stairs I dashed, __9__ my brothers almost knocked me down as they ran right by me. When Mama opened the door and __10__ her head in, she __11__ said, “Honey, that's insulation (隔热材料). Now put it all back.”
I felt really disappointed. I had thought I made a real __12__.
When I __13__ inside to put the fake gold back, my hand touched what felt like a book. I pulled it out. It was old and small: Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, which I'd never heard of. And __14__ I was bored, I decided to see what was inside this little book. To my __15__， it was a book of passages, phrases and proverbs, and I could tell that this was going to be __16__.
So I spent quite much time on it and found __17__ in these pages. As I didn't know how to express things clearly, I often __18__ to talk about them. This book helped me __19__ that I didn't need to feel ashamed or __20__， because other people had similar experiences.
When I went to college, Bartlett's Familiar Quotations came with me. Over the years, I've kept my original __21__， which to this day I often __22__. Although it was a __23__ to find the book, it liberated me in a way. It helped me see more than my young mind and heart were able to understand.
The book discovered under those floorboards was, __24__， gold.
语篇解读：作者童年时期在阁楼意外发现了Bartlett's Familiar Quotations这本书，被其中的内容吸引，并且收获良多。
5．A.slowed B．calmed
C．looked D．fell
解析：选D 根据上文中的“I stepped on something”及下文中的“with my hand landing on a floorboard”可推知，作者踩住了某个东西“摔倒”了。fall意为“跌倒”，符合语境。
6．A.bent over B．showed up
C．lay down D．broke in
解析：选A 根据上文可知，地板翘了起来(差点打到头)，于是作者“俯下身”去看，发现地板下面有金子。bend over意为“俯身”，符合语境。show up“出现”；lie down“躺下”；break in“强行进入，打断”。
7．A.stole B．produced
C．seized D．hid
解析：选C 根据下文中的“handful”以及“to put the fake gold back”可推知，作者当时“抓”了一把金块，朝楼下跑去，seize“抓取”，符合语境。steal“偷”；produce“生产”；hide“隐藏”。
8．A.yelled B．sighed
C．admitted D．complained
解析：选A 根据空后的“Mama, I found gold”可知，作者当时非常兴奋，所以会“大喊”，yell意为“大喊”。sigh“叹息”；admit“承认”；complain“抱怨”。
9．A.or B．so
C．but D．for
解析：选C 根据空后的“my brothers almost knocked me down as they ran right by me”可推知，作者的哥哥们也想冲到阁楼上看“金子”，作者告诉完母亲冲回阁楼，“但是”途中差点被哥哥们撞倒，空格前后两部分为转折关系。
10．A.nodded B．stuck
C．lowered D．lifted
解析：选B 根据空后的“her head in”可知，母亲把门打开，把头“伸”了进去，发现那只是隔热材料。stick意为“放置”，stick her head in表示母亲将头伸进去。nod“点头”；lower“把……放低”；lift“举起”。
11．A.simply B．thoughtfully
C．honestly D．angrily
解析：选A 根据下文中的“‘Honey, that's insulation (隔热材料). Now put it all back.’”可知，母亲仅仅说它是隔热材料，并让作者将“金子”放回去。simply“仅仅，只”；thoughtfully“深思熟虑地”；honestly“诚实地”；angrily“生气地”。
12．A.difference B．choice
C．mistake D．discovery
解析：选D 根据上文中的“I found gold up there under the floor”可知，作者当时真的以为自己有了一个大的“发现”，但当被告知不是金子的时候，作者自然很失望。
13．A.sat B．slid
C．reached D．walked
解析：选C 根据下文中的“my hand touched what felt like a book”可知，作者将手伸进去，将“假金子”放了回去，故选reach“伸手”。slid为slide的过去式，意为“滑动”。
14．A.until B．now that
C．unless D．so that
解析：选B 根据上文中的“which I'd never heard of”及空后的“I was bored”可知，作者从来没有听说过这本书，又“由于”感到无聊，所以决定看看书中的内容。now that“既然，由于(＝since/in that)”。
15．A.surprise B．regret
C．relief D．disappointment
解析：选A 根据下文中的“So I spent quite much time on it”可知，让作者感到“吃惊”的是，这本书里面有很多文段、短语和谚语，并且作者断定这本书将会“有趣”。to one's surprise“令某人吃惊的是”；to one's relief“使某人感到轻松的是”。
16．A.absurd B．controversial
C．boring D．interesting
解析：选D 参见上题解析。absurd“荒谬的”；controversial“有争议的”。
17．A.sympathy B．comfort
C．honor D．doubt
解析：选B 根据上文中的“I spent quite much time on it”及“I was bored”可知，当时因为有了这本书，作者乏味的生活有了一些“安慰”。sympathy“同情”；comfort“慰藉，安慰”；honor“荣誉”；doubt“怀疑”。
18．A.tended B．offered
C．managed D．hesitated
解析：选D 根据上文中的“I didn't know how to express things clearly”可知，因为作者不知道如何清楚地表达事件，所以在谈及它们的时候经常“迟疑”。tend to do“往往会做，倾向于做”；offer to do“主动提出做”；manage to do“设法完成”；hesitate to do“迟疑做，不愿意做”。
19．A.expect B．remember
C．realize D．imagine
解析：选C 根据下文中的“I didn't need to feel ashamed”以及语境可知，这本书让作者“意识到”，当自己表达不好的时候，不需要感到羞愧或“尴尬”，因为其他人也有相似的经历。
20．A.embarrassed B．satisfied
C．astonished D．tired
解析：选A 参见上题解析。embarrassed“尴尬的”；satisfied“满意的”；astonished“感到十分惊讶的”；tired“疲劳的”。
21．A.mind B．copy
C．plan D．file
解析：选B 根据空前的“original”以及语境可推知，多年来，作者一直保存着自己当年发现的那本书，copy在文中意为“一本，一册”。original copy表示“原本，原件”。
22．A.put away B．show off
C．refer to D．pick up
解析：选C 根据上文作者一直留着这本书，再结合语境和常识可推知，作者至今还一直在“参考”这本书。put away“将……收起来”；show off“炫耀”；refer to“查阅，参考，征询”；pick up“捡起”。
23．A.dilemma B．disaster
C．pity D．coincidence
解析：选D 根据上文可知，作者当时发现这本书纯属“巧合”，但即便是巧合，这本书却在某种程度上(心灵、思想方面)解放了作者。dilemma“困境”；disaster“灾难”；pity“遗憾”；coincidence“巧合”。
24．A.still B．indeed
C．normally D．hopefully
解析：选B 根据上文中的“It helped me see more than my young mind and heart were able to understand”可知，这本书让作者的思想和心灵得到解放，对作者而言“的确”是金子。
Ⅲ.语法填空
As the world sees more and more extreme weather patterns, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of climate change.It is now __1__ common topic of discussion and has even found its way into the books we read.Because of this, a genre (体裁) __2__ (call) climate fiction, or cli-fi, has found new life.
The term “cli-fi” ___3__ (use) for the first time in 2007 by climate activist and writer Dan Bloom.He wanted to make “climate fiction” more __4__ (appeal)．According to Bloom, the term really gained __5__ (popular) when Canadian writer Margaret Atwood used it in a message sent using the social networking service, __6__ (introduce) it to her followers.
Just __7__ the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with the central theme of climate change or global warming.These kinds of books can help us imagine __8__ the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events.
The genre is welcome among college students because it usually looks at topics that __9__ (be)relevant to what is really happening today.Cli-fi has also helped to inspire students to pursue science majors, with some universities even offering courses __10__ (special) focusing on climate fiction.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候科幻小说的定义、发展和在大学生当中的影响力。
1．a 考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处表示“它现在是一个普遍讨论的话题”，空处表示泛指，且空后的common的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2．called 考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是has found，call在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语genre之间构成动宾关系，故填called。
3．was used 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，use在句中作谓语。根据时间状语“in 2007”可知，时态为一般过去时；use与主语之间为被动关系；主语为第三人称单数，故填was used。
4．appealing 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处作make的宾语补足语，补充说明climate fiction 的性质，需要用形容词，故填appealing。
5．popularity 考查名词。空处作gained的宾语，需要用名词，故填popularity。
6．introducing 考查非谓语动词。本句中主句的谓语动词是gained，从句的谓语动词是used，过去分词sent作定语修饰a message，故introduce在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语Margaret Atwood之间构成主谓关系，故填introducing。
7．as 考查连词。此处考查固定搭配just as，意为“正如”，后跟句子，故填as。
8．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，空处表示“……的事物”，故填what。
9．are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；关系词that指代topics，topics为复数，故填are。
10．specially 考查副词。空处修饰后面的动词短语focusing on，需要用副词，故填specially。PAGE
第 7 页 共 7 页
课下主题训练
小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Architecture is amazing.It has changed the way I look at and interact with the world and my environment.It has trained me to be hypersensitive (非常敏感的) to the built environment, to recognize problems and find solutions that untrained eyes would never notice.
As much as I love this profession, it is very easy to get lost in architecture.I get so focused that I have forgotten about everything else.Luckily my passion for cycling kept me sane (清醒的)while I was becoming an architect.I faced a lot of obstacles and challenges when taking a bicycle ride across the United States.Looking back, cycling across the America was actually one of the smartest things I ever did.
I have actually bicycled across the continental US twice from east to west and from Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean, both times.Bicycling across America isn't as hard as you think.
I rode alone on my first trip in 2005 from Virginia Beach to the coast of Florence, Oregon.In the end it was 4,547 miles over the course of 77 days.
I left for the second trip in 2007 with my two best friends from Bar Harbor, Maine to Portland, Oregon, which was a 4,886-mile ride over 90 days.At that time, I fell in love with the idea of leaving the east coast behind, starting a whole new life and career in a new city.I ended up in Portland.After arriving in town on a bike, I eventually found a job, a place to live and an amazing dog.
I share all this not to convince anyone to go biking across America, but only to share how doing this has changed my life.Architecture has given me a wonderful life and career but it isn't everything.Thankfully I have also been very passionate about: my friends, travelling, bicycles, punk rock, technology, the Internet, my dog, and even yoga.My architecture background has definitely sweetened my relationship with all those things.
Becoming an architect is noble pursuit, but you should keep pursuing everything else that you are passionate about.It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.
1．What's the advantage of cycling according to the author
A．Changing his negative attitude to architecture.
B．Keeping himself focused on his career all the time.
C．Enabling him to find solutions without training.
D．Making him a much better architect and a more interesting person.
2．What does the author think of his two cross-country bike trips
A．They are harder than what he expected before.
B．They show the benefits of riding with friends.
C．They give him some extraordinary experiences.
D．They guarantee him a new life and career in Portland.
3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 6
A．Don't get completely lost in your hobbies.
B．Don't abandon hobbies for your profession.
C．Don't feel ashamed of stopping your hobbies.
D．Don't weigh your family against your profession.
4．In the last paragraph, the author reminds us to ________.
A．take up the pursuit of becoming an architect
B．find what we are really passionate about
C．appreciate other people's good intentions
D．avoid our career taking over other pursuits
Ⅱ.完形填空
I will never forget one summer in my childhood. While walking in the attic (阁楼), I stepped on something and __5__down, with my hand landing on a floorboard that popped up and almost hit my head. When I __6__ and looked inside the open space, I could not believe my eyes: There was gold in there! I __7__ a handful of shining gold cubes, ran to the bottom stair and __8__， “Mama, I found gold up there under the floor！”
Back up the stairs I dashed, __9__ my brothers almost knocked me down as they ran right by me. When Mama opened the door and __10__ her head in, she __11__ said, “Honey, that's insulation (隔热材料). Now put it all back.”
I felt really disappointed. I had thought I made a real __12__.
When I __13__ inside to put the fake gold back, my hand touched what felt like a book. I pulled it out. It was old and small: Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, which I'd never heard of. And __14__ I was bored, I decided to see what was inside this little book. To my __15__， it was a book of passages, phrases and proverbs, and I could tell that this was going to be __16__.
So I spent quite much time on it and found __17__ in these pages. As I didn't know how to express things clearly, I often __18__ to talk about them. This book helped me __19__ that I didn't need to feel ashamed or __20__， because other people had similar experiences.
When I went to college, Bartlett's Familiar Quotations came with me. Over the years, I've kept my original __21__， which to this day I often __22__. Although it was a __23__ to find the book, it liberated me in a way. It helped me see more than my young mind and heart were able to understand.
The book discovered under those floorboards was, __24__， gold.
5．A.slowed B．calmed
C．looked D．fell
6．A.bent over B．showed up
C．lay down D．broke in
7．A.stole B．produced
C．seized D．hid
8．A.yelled B．sighed
C．admitted D．complained
9．A.or B．so
C．but D．for
10．A.nodded B．stuck
C．lowered D．lifted
11．A.simply B．thoughtfully
C．honestly D．angrily
12．A.difference B．choice
C．mistake D．discovery
13．A.sat B．slid
C．reached D．walked
14．A.until B．now that
C．unless D．so that
15．A.surprise B．regret
C．relief D．disappointment
16．A.absurd B．controversial
C．boring D．interesting
17．A.sympathy B．comfort
C．honor D．doubt
18．A.tended B．offered
C．managed D．hesitated
19．A.expect B．remember
C．realize D．imagine
20．A.embarrassed B．satisfied
C．astonished D．tired
21．A.mind B．copy
C．plan D．file
22．A.put away B．show off
C．refer to D．pick up
23．A.dilemma B．disaster
C．pity D．coincidence
24．A.still B．indeed
C．normally D．hopefully
Ⅲ.语法填空
As the world sees more and more extreme weather patterns, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of climate change.It is now __1__ common topic of discussion and has even found its way into the books we read.Because of this, a genre (体裁) __2__ (call) climate fiction, or cli-fi, has found new life.
The term “cli-fi” ___3__ (use) for the first time in 2007 by climate activist and writer Dan Bloom.He wanted to make “climate fiction” more __4__ (appeal)．According to Bloom, the term really gained __5__ (popular) when Canadian writer Margaret Atwood used it in a message sent using the social networking service, __6__ (introduce) it to her followers.
Just __7__ the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with the central theme of climate change or global warming.These kinds of books can help us imagine __8__ the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events.
The genre is welcome among college students because it usually looks at topics that __9__ (be)relevant to what is really happening today.Cli-fi has also helped to inspire students to pursue science majors, with some universities even offering courses __10__ (special) focusing on climate fiction.PAGE
第 5 页 共 5 页
课下主题训练 重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Famous for its tolerance as well as its narrow houses and broad canals, Amsterdam is undergoing a change of attitude when it comes to the millions of tourists that come to see it each year. Tolerance has reached its limits in the capital of Dutch, which is now actively urging visitors to head elsewhere.
Ellen van Loon, a partner at Dutch architectural firm OMA says, “We don't want to turn into a Venice. While tourism earns the Dutch economy around 82 billion euros a year, the problem we are currently facing is that Amsterdam is so loved by tourists, we just have so many coming to the city.”
Netherlands tourist officials recently took the decision to stop advertising the country as a tourist destination. Their “Perspective 2030” report, published earlier this year, stated that the focus will now be on “destination management” rather than “destination promoting”. The document also describes the country's future strategy, acknowledging that Amsterdam's livability will be severely influenced by “visitor overload” if action isn't taken.
Solutions listed include working to discourage groups of visitors by either limiting or completely shutting down accommodation and entertainment products aimed at them, as well as spreading visitors to other parts of the Netherlands.
Some of these measures have already come into play. Last year, the famous “I amsterdam” sign was removed from outside the Rijksmuseum, the city's main art gallery. The two-meter high letters have been moved to various lesser-known neighborhoods in a bid to entice travelers to leave the center of the city.
But will the measures being put in place be enough to save it from being damaged by its own success Like many other locals, van Loon fears that Amsterdam has already lost its uniqueness forever. “The reason tourists come here is that there's something in the character of Amsterdam they love，” she explains. “But at a certain point, when the number of tourists is increasing and increasing, they actually kill what they loved in the first place.”
语篇解读：本文是说明文。因为过多的游客给城市管理带来了麻烦，荷兰首府——阿姆斯特丹对待游客的态度发生了变化，由欢迎变为鼓励其到别的地方去。
1．What does van Loon mean by saying “We don't want to turn into a Venice”？
A．Venice is suffering from overtourism.
B．Amsterdam doesn't necessarily copy Venice.
C．Venice does more poorly than Amsterdam.
D．Amsterdam is more popular than Venice.
解析：选A 推理判断题。第一段提到阿姆斯特丹鼓励游客去其他地方旅游，根据第二段中van Loon说他们不想变成另一个威尼斯城，又提到阿姆斯特丹游客太多可以推断，威尼斯城面临着游客过多的问题，故选A项。
2．Why did Amsterdam advise visitors to head elsewhere
A．To reduce its pressure of mass visitors.
B．To turn the focus on destination promoting.
C．To promote the development of other areas.
D．To avoid much spending on city management.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the problem ...coming to the city”及第三段中的“Amsterdam's livability will be severely influenced by‘visitor overload’”可知， 阿姆斯特丹现在面临的问题是游客过量，故为了缓解这一压力，阿姆斯特丹鼓励游客到别的地方去。
3．What does the underlined word “entice” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Force. B．Persuade.
C．Inform. D．Allow.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，阿姆斯特丹将著名的“I amsterdam”标志从其国立博物馆(Rijksmuseum)外移除，并将其重新安置在不太知名的街区，以劝游客从城市中心离开(来这些不太知名的街区)，故B项与画线词的词义最为接近。
4．What's van Loon's attitude to the measures
A．Optimistic. B．Objective.
C．Skeptical. D．Ambiguous.
解析：选C 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“But will the measures ... uniqueness forever.”可知，文章发出“这些正在实行的措施是否足以使阿姆斯特丹免于被自身的成功所损害？”这样的疑问，而后提到：像很多当地人一样，van Loon担心阿姆斯特丹已经永远失去了其独特性。故van Loon怀疑这些措施并不能真正地使阿姆斯特丹免于被自身的成功所损害。
B
Mysterious, 3,000-year-old footprints of ancient Egyptian children have been discovered by a group of archaeologists (考古学家) in a recent exploration in Egypt, together with some more information about the ancient Egyptian city — Pi-Ramesses.
The footprints were uncovered at the remains of a large building in Pi-Ramesses, which was Egypt's capital during the rule of the King Ramesses Ⅱ. They have a size of 15－17 centimeters, thus relating to children between 3 and 5 years old. The archaeologists cannot yet say if there was more than one child since the differences in size are not big enough for them to distinguish. The footprints are also not so well protected that the archaeologists can't tell so far any other features of the feet. Moreover, the reason for the footprints' presence remains a mystery. Although no modern concept of banning child labor existed at that time, the footprints seem to be too small even for children who could work. What's more, it appears unlikely that the footprints belong to royal kids since they couldn't be allowed to play in the mud.
Built on an island in the easternmost Nile branch, some 65 miles northeast of Cairo, which is the capital of Egypt now, Pi-Ramesses had an extension of about 10 square miles. With a population of over 300,000, it was one of the largest cities of ancient Egypt. Pi-Ramesses was strong during the 66 years of Ramesses Ⅱ's rule and for more than a century after his death. Then the city began to wane. Just decades later, its monuments (纪念碑) and temples were destroyed. Abandoned and forgotten, Pi-Ramesses has been buried in the desert sand for thousands of years.
Today nothing of the city's splendid past can be found at the surface. However, its monumental remains have been identified through modern technologies. The findings are exciting, but the archaeologists think there should be more. They are planning to make a further exploration in the area in the next season, hoping to find out a little more about the footprints and the city.
语篇解读：考古学家们在埃及古城比兰赛发现了神秘的古代埃及小孩的脚印，并由此揭开了这座古城神秘的面纱。
5．What can we know about the footprints from the first two paragraphs
A．The footprints were discovered by a farmer.
B．The footprints belong to some royal kids.
C．All the footprints come from the same person.
D．People still don't know why the footprints existed.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Moreover, the reason for the footprints' presence remains a mystery.”可知，人们还不知道这些脚印出现的原因。
6．What does the underlined word “wane” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Become stronger.
B．Become weaker and smaller.
C．Come into existence.
D．Gain much popularity.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Just decades later, its monuments (纪念碑) and temples were destroyed.”可推断出wane在此处意为“衰退，衰弱”。
7．What is the passage mainly about
A．How the footprints were discovered.
B．Why Pi-Ramesses disappeared.
C．The development process of Egypt.
D．The findings of an exploration in Egypt.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了考古学家们在埃及的一次考古发现。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you attend the Yangtze River Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition, you will find it hard to forget the treasures displayed there. That's because all of them, from delicate wood carvings to the fragrant West Lake Longjing Tea, are cultural achievements of Chinese people. __8__. Let's have a deep look at the great river civilization.
Long regarded as a state symbol, Chinese embroidery (刺绣) took roots in the Yangtze River Valley. Think of the 4 most famous types of embroideries in China: Su Xiu from Jiangsu, Shu Xiu from Sichuan, Xiang Xiu from Hunan and Yue Xiu from Guangdong. __9__.
Walking alongside the Yangtze River, you may hear singers in boats chanting simple songs containing powerful lyrics. This is the ancient music known as haozi, which boatmen sing to unify their rowing rhythm. __10__. It is a record of history, which should be kept and carried forward.
__11__. It was originally started to worship the dragon totem (图腾) by the people of the old Wuyue area. After the Warring States Period, the festival was in honor of the poet Quyuan, who lived in the ancient state of Chu.
So far, 11 cities along the Yangtze River have signed an agreement to protect the intangible cultural heritages along the river. __12__. This move is a big step toward making sure our nation's cultural wonders will be alive for more generations.
A．There is a traditional Chinese fairy tale
B．They are priceless treasures in Jiangsu Province
C．Dragon Boat Festival originated from the Yangtze River
D．They are also reflections of the long history of the Yangtze River
E．It will promote cooperation and inspire integration (整合) among the cities
F．Hearing it is less common today, but it's still a symbol of the Yangtze River
G．You will realize that three of them originate from cities along the Yangtze River
语篇解读：文章介绍了中国长江流域的非物质文化遗产——中国刺绣、号子、端午节等。目前，长江流域沿线的11座城市已经签署协议共同保护长江流域的非物质文化遗产，这一举措是为确保我们国家的文化奇观能够世代流传所迈出的一大步。
8．选D 根据后文围绕着长江流域的非物质文化遗产展开可知，该处应选择承上启下的句子，引出这些遗产与长江流域的关系。D项中的They指代前文中的“the treasures”，与上一句中的“all of them”指代相同，且D项中的also表明不只是像前文所提到的“它们是中国人的文化成就”，它们同时也是长江流域悠久历史的反映。
9．选G 该段前文提到中国刺绣扎根于长江流域和中国的四大名绣。设空处应体现四大名绣与长江流域的紧密关系，G项中的three of them表明四大名绣中的三个发源于长江沿岸的城市。
10．选F 该段介绍了“号子”这一长江流域的非物质文化遗产，它是船夫吟唱的简单曲调。选项中只有F项中的Hearing it与该段内容相关，且F项中的“it's still a symbol of the Yangtze River”与后文的“should be kept and carried forward”相呼应。
11．选C 根据该段中的“the dragon totem”和“the poet Quyuan”并结合选项可知，该段介绍的是端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)。
12．选E 设空处前一句提到“长江沿岸的11座城市已经签署协议共同保护长江流域的非物质文化遗产”，设空处后一句介绍了这一举措的好处，E项与后一句并列为该举措的好处，且E项中的It特指前文11座城市签署保护协议这件事，the cities指的是前文所提到的长江沿岸的11座城市。PAGE
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课下主题训练 重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Famous for its tolerance as well as its narrow houses and broad canals, Amsterdam is undergoing a change of attitude when it comes to the millions of tourists that come to see it each year. Tolerance has reached its limits in the capital of Dutch, which is now actively urging visitors to head elsewhere.
Ellen van Loon, a partner at Dutch architectural firm OMA says, “We don't want to turn into a Venice. While tourism earns the Dutch economy around 82 billion euros a year, the problem we are currently facing is that Amsterdam is so loved by tourists, we just have so many coming to the city.”
Netherlands tourist officials recently took the decision to stop advertising the country as a tourist destination. Their “Perspective 2030” report, published earlier this year, stated that the focus will now be on “destination management” rather than “destination promoting”. The document also describes the country's future strategy, acknowledging that Amsterdam's livability will be severely influenced by “visitor overload” if action isn't taken.
Solutions listed include working to discourage groups of visitors by either limiting or completely shutting down accommodation and entertainment products aimed at them, as well as spreading visitors to other parts of the Netherlands.
Some of these measures have already come into play. Last year, the famous “I amsterdam” sign was removed from outside the Rijksmuseum, the city's main art gallery. The two-meter high letters have been moved to various lesser-known neighborhoods in a bid to entice travelers to leave the center of the city.
But will the measures being put in place be enough to save it from being damaged by its own success Like many other locals, van Loon fears that Amsterdam has already lost its uniqueness forever. “The reason tourists come here is that there's something in the character of Amsterdam they love，” she explains. “But at a certain point, when the number of tourists is increasing and increasing, they actually kill what they loved in the first place.”
1．What does van Loon mean by saying “We don't want to turn into a Venice”？
A．Venice is suffering from overtourism.
B．Amsterdam doesn't necessarily copy Venice.
C．Venice does more poorly than Amsterdam.
D．Amsterdam is more popular than Venice.
2．Why did Amsterdam advise visitors to head elsewhere
A．To reduce its pressure of mass visitors.
B．To turn the focus on destination promoting.
C．To promote the development of other areas.
D．To avoid much spending on city management.
3．What does the underlined word “entice” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Force. B．Persuade.
C．Inform. D．Allow.
4．What's van Loon's attitude to the measures
A．Optimistic. B．Objective.
C．Skeptical. D．Ambiguous.
B
Mysterious, 3,000-year-old footprints of ancient Egyptian children have been discovered by a group of archaeologists (考古学家) in a recent exploration in Egypt, together with some more information about the ancient Egyptian city — Pi-Ramesses.
The footprints were uncovered at the remains of a large building in Pi-Ramesses, which was Egypt's capital during the rule of the King Ramesses Ⅱ. They have a size of 15－17 centimeters, thus relating to children between 3 and 5 years old. The archaeologists cannot yet say if there was more than one child since the differences in size are not big enough for them to distinguish. The footprints are also not so well protected that the archaeologists can't tell so far any other features of the feet. Moreover, the reason for the footprints' presence remains a mystery. Although no modern concept of banning child labor existed at that time, the footprints seem to be too small even for children who could work. What's more, it appears unlikely that the footprints belong to royal kids since they couldn't be allowed to play in the mud.
Built on an island in the easternmost Nile branch, some 65 miles northeast of Cairo, which is the capital of Egypt now, Pi-Ramesses had an extension of about 10 square miles. With a population of over 300,000, it was one of the largest cities of ancient Egypt. Pi-Ramesses was strong during the 66 years of Ramesses Ⅱ's rule and for more than a century after his death. Then the city began to wane. Just decades later, its monuments (纪念碑) and temples were destroyed. Abandoned and forgotten, Pi-Ramesses has been buried in the desert sand for thousands of years.
Today nothing of the city's splendid past can be found at the surface. However, its monumental remains have been identified through modern technologies. The findings are exciting, but the archaeologists think there should be more. They are planning to make a further exploration in the area in the next season, hoping to find out a little more about the footprints and the city.
5．What can we know about the footprints from the first two paragraphs
A．The footprints were discovered by a farmer.
B．The footprints belong to some royal kids.
C．All the footprints come from the same person.
D．People still don't know why the footprints existed.
6．What does the underlined word “wane” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Become stronger.
B．Become weaker and smaller.
C．Come into existence.
D．Gain much popularity.
7．What is the passage mainly about
A．How the footprints were discovered.
B．Why Pi-Ramesses disappeared.
C．The development process of Egypt.
D．The findings of an exploration in Egypt.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you attend the Yangtze River Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition, you will find it hard to forget the treasures displayed there. That's because all of them, from delicate wood carvings to the fragrant West Lake Longjing Tea, are cultural achievements of Chinese people. __8__. Let's have a deep look at the great river civilization.
Long regarded as a state symbol, Chinese embroidery (刺绣) took roots in the Yangtze River Valley. Think of the 4 most famous types of embroideries in China: Su Xiu from Jiangsu, Shu Xiu from Sichuan, Xiang Xiu from Hunan and Yue Xiu from Guangdong. __9__.
Walking alongside the Yangtze River, you may hear singers in boats chanting simple songs containing powerful lyrics. This is the ancient music known as haozi, which boatmen sing to unify their rowing rhythm. __10__. It is a record of history, which should be kept and carried forward.
__11__. It was originally started to worship the dragon totem (图腾) by the people of the old Wuyue area. After the Warring States Period, the festival was in honor of the poet Quyuan, who lived in the ancient state of Chu.
So far, 11 cities along the Yangtze River have signed an agreement to protect the intangible cultural heritages along the river. __12__. This move is a big step toward making sure our nation's cultural wonders will be alive for more generations.
A．There is a traditional Chinese fairy tale
B．They are priceless treasures in Jiangsu Province
C．Dragon Boat Festival originated from the Yangtze River
D．They are also reflections of the long history of the Yangtze River
E．It will promote cooperation and inspire integration (整合) among the cities
F．Hearing it is less common today, but it's still a symbol of the Yangtze River
G．You will realize that three of them originate from cities along the Yangtze River
