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必修三 UNIT 1 课时作业（一）
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·福州联考)Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of our country's long－standing problems: garbage and poverty.It's called The Chip Bag Project.The 26－year－old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favour of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lay's, to other favourites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them.After they clean the chip bags in hot soapy water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together.It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether it's single－serve or family－size.The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around，” Oleita told The Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, The Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, it has created 110 sleeping bags.Sure, it would be simpler to raise money to buy new sleeping bags.But that's only half the goal for Oleita — whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life — and her fellow volunteers.“We are committed to making an impact not only socially, but also environmentally，” she said.
And, of course, there's the symbolism of salvaging bags that would otherwise be abandoned in the trash and using them to help the homeless.It's a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand.As Oleita told www., “I think it's time to show connections between these issues.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了26岁的Eradajere Oleita利用回收的炸薯片袋为无家可归人士制作睡袋的故事。
1．What is the purpose of The Chip Bag Project
A．To make donations for the homeless.
B．To deal with garbage and sleeping bags.
C．To stop pollution caused by snack lovers.
D．To protect the environment and reduce poverty.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“she may have a partial solution for ... garbage and poverty.It's called The Chip Bag Project”可以推断出，The Chip Bag Project旨在保护环境并减少贫困。
2．How does Oleita get materials for sleeping bags
A．By turning to chip eaters.
B．By producing chip bags.
C．By purchasing snacks.
D．By cooperating with the poor.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“asking a favour of local snack lovers ...donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags”可知，Oleita通过呼吁爱吃炸薯片的人把空的炸薯片袋捐给他们来获得制作睡袋的原材料。
3．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “salvaging” in the last paragraph
A．Sewing. B．Designing.
C．Emptying. D．Recycling.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“that would otherwise be abandoned in the trash”可知， 如果不这么做这些袋子会被丢入垃圾堆里。因此，画线词的意思应该与“被丢弃”相反，故D项“回收利用”与画线词意义接近。
4．Which of the following best describes Eradajere Oleita
A．Devoted and creative.
B．Determined and honest.
C．Ambitious and humorous.
D．Caring and independent.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Oleita把炸薯片袋回收制成睡袋，这说明Oleita非常有创造力；再根据第三段中的“We are committed to making an impact”可以看出，Oleita是一个专注的人。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·广东模拟)
Bird Song
“Let it go！” Caroline yelled.Two boys were bending over a bird, as a third one held the poor creature roughly by its wings.“You'll hurt it.” Caroline looked fearful for the bird.
“That's the point.” The boys laughed.The tallest stood up and glared at Caroline.“Here, catch this！” He said as he sailed the now broken－winged bird at Caroline.The poor creature cried in pain, as its wings had been badly damaged.The boys ran off, laughing at their handy work.
Caroline bent down to carefully pick up the bird.The poor feathered soul was wriggling (扭动) about, with a fearful look in its eyes.“Don't worry，” Caroline whispered softly.She took a handkerchief from her pocket and gently placed the bird on it.
Caroline walked as quickly as she could back to her house, careful not to shake the bird around too much.She found a shoe box, filled it with soft cotton balls and then laid the bird down in its new resting place.
“Let me get you some water and food.That's the least I can do.” She took a tiny saucer from the kitchen, filled it with water, and placed it in a corner of the box.She managed to find some sunflower seeds, as that was the only bird－friendly food she could think of.Caroline was worried.She didn't want the bird to die.The poor bird was now fast asleep, no doubt tired out from its earlier suffering.“Please don't die.” Caroline whispered tearfully.
If there was anyone whom she could turn to, it would be Mr Roberts.Mr Roberts was working at the nature museum.He had bird feeders throughout his yard, and sometimes would drop in her science class at school.Caroline never knew there was so much information about birds, until hearing him speak.She figured he would know what to do.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Caroline called Mr Roberts and hurriedly told him her tale.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
In the morning, the Blackwell Bird Rescue Society called, informing a car would come to pick up the bird at 10 a．m.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Caroline called Mr Roberts and hurriedly told him her tale.She told him about the boys, the bird, and the makeshift shoe box home.Mr Roberts was moved by Caroline's efforts.“That bird is fortunate that you came to its rescue.Don't worry.I will make a call to the bird rescue.They can make a pick－up for your feathered friend in the morning.” Mr Roberts assured Caroline confidently.Breathing a sigh of relief, Caroline looked at the bird, which was still peacefully sleeping in the box as if nothing had happened.She went to bed, hoping that it would survive the night.
Paragraph 2：
In the morning, the Blackwell Bird Rescue Society called, informing a car would come to pick up the bird at 10 a．m.Hanging up the phone, Caroline smiled with relief.“I guess this is goodbye，” Caroline said to the bird in the shoe box.Curiously, it replied with a short chirp as if it understood what she was saying.As scheduled, a car from the Bird Rescue Society pulled up to her house at 10 a．m.After examining it carefully, the driver packed the bird gently into the car, promising Caroline that they would get the little one back up and flying again.Standing at the door, Caroline watched the driver get back into the car, which slowly drove away and disappeared from sight.
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①environment－friendly □ ②low－carbon □
③reserve □ ④civilization □
⑤shortage □ ⑥rubbish □
⑦heritage □ ⑧historical sites □
⑨substitute □ ⑩emission □
symbol □ custom □
recycle □ poisonous □
miracle □ cultural □
alternative □ atmosphere □
relics □ conservation □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
environment－friendly, recycle, relics, low－carbon, emission, reserve, civilization, shortage, custom
1．The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilization.
2．Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged
3．Not only can riding bicycles help build up our body, but it is also very environment－friendly.
4．Poor nations meanwhile could gain access to low－carbon technology which they could not otherwise afford.
5．Some of them are in the Hunchun Nature Reserve on the border between China and Russia.
6．Environment experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags.
7．We will try some famous local snacks and experience the local history and culture as well as their customs.
Ⅱ.写出下列句中加黑部分的汉语意思
1．During the National Day holidays millions of people come to Beijing from all over the country to visit famous historical sites such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall.历史遗迹
2．Environmental conservation has been a hot topic in recent years.保护
3．It was a miracle that the missing boy arrived home safe and sound.奇迹
4．The group honours its musical heritage and shows a genuine love for all styles of music — from complex classical works to long－lasting pop tunes.遗产
5．How to calculate the carbon emission reasonably is a very tricky question.碳排放
6．If you cannot go yourself, try to find someone to substitute you.替代
课时作业(二)
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·保定模拟)A new UN report is set to reveal that up to one million species face extinction because of human actions.We are causing a mass extinction event, and critically we cannot separate one environmental crisis from another.Biodiversity loss cannot be separated from climate change, or from human population growth or pollution or plastics in our oceans.These challenges are all interconnected.If we continue to consider these problems separately, solutions will continue to emerge far too slowly.
The connections between these crises make solutions seem all too difficult.But in fact, a solution to one problem will inevitably make a positive impact on many others too.More than 28,000 people are dying because of polluted air each year in Britain and air pollution is linked to psychotic (精神病的) experiences and a reduction in educational achievement.It's not rocket science: improving air quality in our cities by cutting polluting vehicles will bring a vast range of benefits to human health, and help deal with climate change too.
George Monbiot advocates taking land out of food production and rewilding it.This will not only boost biodiversity enormously but will also deal with global warming because those rewilded, rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon.If these lands are also opened up for us to enjoy, our physical and mental health will flourish.Thus we repair the ecology of destruction.
It can be difficult to know what we can do as individuals — but at least we all possess an increased understanding of how farming, consumption and energy－use impact upon the planet.If everyone makes a small change, that will make a difference to our planet.
We're not struggling to find ideas to solve problems either globally or locally.It's action that we're lacking, in government and beyond, as individuals and together as a species.If we act now we may be surprised at how these seemingly vast problems decrease quicker than we imagine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了环境污染、物种灭绝、人口增长、气候变化等密切相关，因此，人类应该立刻采取行动保护环境。
1．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A．The age of mass extinction has arrived.
B．Environmental crises are interrelated.
C．Humans are to blame for mass extinction.
D．Environmental crises should be solved separately.
解析：选B 段落大意题。第一段第一句引入话题，根据第二至四句的“we cannot separate one environmental crisis from another ... cannot be separated from ... all interconnected”可知，第一段主要讲到了各种生态危机都是密切关联的，最后一句也告诉我们不能孤立地思考问题。
2．Why are rewilded lands beneficial to controlling global warming
A．They attract tourists.
B．They provide habitat for birds.
C．They take in carbon.
D．They boost biodiversity.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “because those rewilded, rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon”可知，“恢复自然地貌的土地”之所以有助于控制全球变暖是因为它们可以吸收更多碳。
3．What does the author call on people to do
A．Take action now.
B．Find a better idea.
C．Cooperate with others.
D．Turn to the government.
解析：选A 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“It's action that we're lacking ...If we act now ...than we imagine.”可以看出，作者认为人们缺乏的是行动，因此，他呼吁人们立刻行动起来。
4．Where does this text probably come from
A．A news report.
B．A scientific journal.
C．A climate handbook.
D．A biology textbook.
解析：选B 文章出处题。本文以“A new UN report”引入话题，充分利用有效论据，层层推进，逻辑缜密，语言正式而严肃，符合科学说明类文章的特点，因此，本文应是出自科学杂志。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·广州模拟)In order to control kitchen waste, I started composting (制作堆肥)．We have a small backyard and I knew we needed a __5__ that stood no chance of attracting rats or other animals that would make us __6__ neighbors.I landed on a compost container, which can reach temperatures high enough to __7__ practically anything my kitchen produces.I spend a few weeks learning how to __8__ use it.
Dealing with our food waste made me think a lot harder before __9__ to it.It seemed __10__ to fill the garbage bin with perfectly good vegetables, so those went into a bag in the __11__.When berries, pears and bananas got too __12__ to eat, I froze them for making drinks.Cooked foods and meat and cheese can turn into an unpleasant __13__ on a compost heap (堆), so those leftovers became my first __14__ for weekday posting was one change that __15__ my day－to－day behaviour.
After focusing on getting food waste out of the garbage bin, I wanted to __16__ single－use materials.Now, my family of five puts out just one bag of __17__ per week, a lighter load made up of snack bar wrappers and used tissue and the __18__.
All you need to make __19__ changes to your own kitchen is a little bit of effort and a solid game plan.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了控制厨余垃圾，开始制作堆肥。介绍了作者制作堆肥的过程以及在这个过程中获得的好处。
5．A.system B．theory
C．promise D．standard
解析：选A 根据下文的“I landed on a compost container ... anything my kitchen produces.”可知，作者想要控制厨余垃圾，所以开始制作堆肥。制作堆肥需要一个系统(system)，它不能吸引老鼠或其他动物，使作者成为不受欢迎的(unpopular)邻居。
6．A.inactive B．unpopular
C．dishonest D．impatient
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
7．A.put up B．work out
C．break down D．set aside
解析：选C 根据上文的“I landed on a compost container, which can reach temperatures high enough”可知，作者选择了一个堆肥容器，这个容器的温度可以达到一个分解(break down)厨房产生的任何东西的高度。
8．A.efficiently B．suddenly
C．slowly D．secretly
解析：选A 根据上文的“I spend a few weeks”可知，作者花了好几个星期学习如何有效地(efficiently)使用堆肥容器。
9．A.comparing B．replying
C．agreeing D．adding
解析：选D 根据下文的“It seemed ________ to fill the garbage bin with perfectly good vegetables”可知，处理食物垃圾的时候，作者并不知道要往堆肥容器里添加什么，所以在思考添加(add)的东西时更困难。
10．A.formal B．crazy
C．wise D．innocent
解析：选C 根据下文语境可知，往堆肥容器中添加食物垃圾的时候并不容易，有的时候添加的食物不同，结果不同。最明智的(wise)选择是把非常好的蔬菜装进去。
11．A.cooker B．fireplace
C．freezer D．backyard
解析：选D 根据上文的“We have a small backyard”可知，这些蔬菜都被放到了后院(backyard)的一个袋子里。
12．A.big B．soft
C．pretty D．bitter
解析：选D 根据下文的“I froze them for making drinks”可知，作者觉得水果太苦(bitter)而吃不下的时候，她就把它们冷冻起来做饮料。
13．A.process B．noise
C．truth D．mess
解析：选D 根据空前的“unpleasant”可知，熟食、肉类和奶酪放到堆肥堆上的时候会变成令人不快的烂摊子(mess)。
14．A.purchase B．principle
C．priority D．success
解析：选C 根据上文的“Cooked foods and meat and cheese can turn into an unpleasant ________on a compost heap”可知，因为剩饭放到堆肥堆上会变成令人不快的烂摊子，所以作者会在平时把剩饭作为午餐的首选(priority)解决掉。
15．A.explains B．values
C．proves D．shifts
解析：选B 根据上文的“Cooked foods and meat and cheese can turn into an unpleasant ... for weekday lunches.”可知，因为在堆肥的过程中，作者会考虑到平时的一些行为，所以堆肥是一种重视(value)作者日常行为的变化。
16．A.tackle B．invent
C．recommend D．seek
解析：选C 根据下文的“Now, my family of five puts out just one bag of ... used tissue and the ________.”可知，作者在专注于将食物垃圾从垃圾桶中取出后，尝试了一些一次性材料，所以作者要向大家推荐(recommend)这种一次性材料。
17．A.gifts B．vegetables
C．weed D．garbage
解析：选D 根据下文的“a lighter load made up of snack bar wrappers and used tissue”可知，作者一家每周只出一袋垃圾(garbage)。
18．A.goods B．like
C．back D．light
解析：选A 根据空前的“made up of snack bar wrappers and used tissue”可知，垃圾袋里是由快餐店包装纸、用过的纸巾和货物(goods)组成的。
19．A.seasonal B．legal
C．similar D．expensive
解析：选C 根据语境可知，作者建议想要在厨房做出类似的(similar)改变的话，只需要一点努力和一个可靠的行动计划。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①collection □ ②preservation □
③design □ ④vase □
⑤antique □ ⑥rare □
⑦fancy □ ⑧symbolize □
⑨archaeologist □ ⑩valuable □
style □ prosperity □
preserve □ origin □
monument □ abolish □
priceless □ ancient □
ceremony □ religious □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
vase, collection, preserve, origin, ceremony, ancient, fancy, style, abolish
1．I like the music which sounds good for me, no matter what style of music it is.
2．The opening ceremony of the company might be put off because of the bad weather.
3．He dropped the vase and it broke into pieces on the floor.
4．However, we should make great efforts to preserve and enrich our own traditional festivals.
5．Song Ci, one form of ancient poetry, is fit to be sung to music.
6．I want to major in biology because I have long wondered about the origin of life.
7．Do you fancy going out this evening If not, I would like to ask a favour of you.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The national park has a large collection (collect) of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
2．A number of priceless (price) works of art were stolen from the gallery.
3．Anger is rarely (rare) looked upon as a beneficial character trait.
4．Mr Zhang gave me a very valuable (value) present, one that I have never seen.
5．The school library provides a variety of original (origin) works for students.
6．This course is specially designed for beginners like you, focusing on listening and speaking practice.
7．Mooncakes symbolize (symbol) the gathering of friends and family.10 / 10
必修三 UNIT 1 课时作业（一）
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·福州联考)Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of our country's long－standing problems: garbage and poverty.It's called The Chip Bag Project.The 26－year－old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favour of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lay's, to other favourites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them.After they clean the chip bags in hot soapy water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together.It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether it's single－serve or family－size.The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around，” Oleita told The Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, The Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, it has created 110 sleeping bags.Sure, it would be simpler to raise money to buy new sleeping bags.But that's only half the goal for Oleita — whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life — and her fellow volunteers.“We are committed to making an impact not only socially, but also environmentally，” she said.
And, of course, there's the symbolism of salvaging bags that would otherwise be abandoned in the trash and using them to help the homeless.It's a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand.As Oleita told www., “I think it's time to show connections between these issues.”
1．What is the purpose of The Chip Bag Project
A．To make donations for the homeless.
B．To deal with garbage and sleeping bags.
C．To stop pollution caused by snack lovers.
D．To protect the environment and reduce poverty.
2．How does Oleita get materials for sleeping bags
A．By turning to chip eaters.
B．By producing chip bags.
C．By purchasing snacks.
D．By cooperating with the poor.
3．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “salvaging” in the last paragraph
A．Sewing. B．Designing.
C．Emptying. D．Recycling.
4．Which of the following best describes Eradajere Oleita
A．Devoted and creative.
B．Determined and honest.
C．Ambitious and humorous.
D．Caring and independent.
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·广东模拟)
Bird Song
“Let it go！” Caroline yelled.Two boys were bending over a bird, as a third one held the poor creature roughly by its wings.“You'll hurt it.” Caroline looked fearful for the bird.
“That's the point.” The boys laughed.The tallest stood up and glared at Caroline.“Here, catch this！” He said as he sailed the now broken－winged bird at Caroline.The poor creature cried in pain, as its wings had been badly damaged.The boys ran off, laughing at their handy work.
Caroline bent down to carefully pick up the bird.The poor feathered soul was wriggling (扭动) about, with a fearful look in its eyes.“Don't worry，” Caroline whispered softly.She took a handkerchief from her pocket and gently placed the bird on it.
Caroline walked as quickly as she could back to her house, careful not to shake the bird around too much.She found a shoe box, filled it with soft cotton balls and then laid the bird down in its new resting place.
“Let me get you some water and food.That's the least I can do.” She took a tiny saucer from the kitchen, filled it with water, and placed it in a corner of the box.She managed to find some sunflower seeds, as that was the only bird－friendly food she could think of.Caroline was worried.She didn't want the bird to die.The poor bird was now fast asleep, no doubt tired out from its earlier suffering.“Please don't die.” Caroline whispered tearfully.
If there was anyone whom she could turn to, it would be Mr Roberts.Mr Roberts was working at the nature museum.He had bird feeders throughout his yard, and sometimes would drop in her science class at school.Caroline never knew there was so much information about birds, until hearing him speak.She figured he would know what to do.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Caroline called Mr Roberts and hurriedly told him her tale.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
In the morning, the Blackwell Bird Rescue Society called, informing a car would come to pick up the bird at 10 a．m.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①environment－friendly □ ②low－carbon □
③reserve □ ④civilization □
⑤shortage □ ⑥rubbish □
⑦heritage □ ⑧historical sites □
⑨substitute □ ⑩emission □
symbol □ custom □
recycle □ poisonous □
miracle □ cultural □
alternative □ atmosphere □
relics □ conservation □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
environment－friendly, recycle, relics, low－carbon, emission, reserve, civilization, shortage, custom
1．The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and ______.
2．Is it possible to see the ______ now that they have been submerged
3．Not only can riding bicycles help build up our body, but it is also very ______.
4．Poor nations meanwhile could gain access to ______ technology which they could not otherwise afford.
5．Some of them are in the Hunchun Nature ______ on the border between China and Russia.
6．Environment experts urge people to reuse and ______ plastic bags.
7．We will try some famous local snacks and experience the local history and culture as well as their ______.
Ⅱ.写出下列句中加黑部分的汉语意思
1．During the National Day holidays millions of people come to Beijing from all over the country to visit famous historical sites such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall.______
2．Environmental conservation has been a hot topic in recent years.______
3．It was a miracle that the missing boy arrived home safe and sound.______
4．The group honours its musical heritage and shows a genuine love for all styles of music — from complex classical works to long－lasting pop tunes.______
5．How to calculate the carbon emission reasonably is a very tricky question.______
6．If you cannot go yourself, try to find someone to substitute you.______
课时作业(二)
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·保定模拟)A new UN report is set to reveal that up to one million species face extinction because of human actions.We are causing a mass extinction event, and critically we cannot separate one environmental crisis from another.Biodiversity loss cannot be separated from climate change, or from human population growth or pollution or plastics in our oceans.These challenges are all interconnected.If we continue to consider these problems separately, solutions will continue to emerge far too slowly.
The connections between these crises make solutions seem all too difficult.But in fact, a solution to one problem will inevitably make a positive impact on many others too.More than 28,000 people are dying because of polluted air each year in Britain and air pollution is linked to psychotic (精神病的) experiences and a reduction in educational achievement.It's not rocket science: improving air quality in our cities by cutting polluting vehicles will bring a vast range of benefits to human health, and help deal with climate change too.
George Monbiot advocates taking land out of food production and rewilding it.This will not only boost biodiversity enormously but will also deal with global warming because those rewilded, rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon.If these lands are also opened up for us to enjoy, our physical and mental health will flourish.Thus we repair the ecology of destruction.
It can be difficult to know what we can do as individuals — but at least we all possess an increased understanding of how farming, consumption and energy－use impact upon the planet.If everyone makes a small change, that will make a difference to our planet.
We're not struggling to find ideas to solve problems either globally or locally.It's action that we're lacking, in government and beyond, as individuals and together as a species.If we act now we may be surprised at how these seemingly vast problems decrease quicker than we imagine.
1．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A．The age of mass extinction has arrived.
B．Environmental crises are interrelated.
C．Humans are to blame for mass extinction.
D．Environmental crises should be solved separately.
2．Why are rewilded lands beneficial to controlling global warming
A．They attract tourists.
B．They provide habitat for birds.
C．They take in carbon.
D．They boost biodiversity.
3．What does the author call on people to do
A．Take action now.
B．Find a better idea.
C．Cooperate with others.
D．Turn to the government.
4．Where does this text probably come from
A．A news report.
B．A scientific journal.
C．A climate handbook.
D．A biology textbook.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·广州模拟)In order to control kitchen waste, I started composting (制作堆肥)．We have a small backyard and I knew we needed a __5__ that stood no chance of attracting rats or other animals that would make us __6__ neighbors.I landed on a compost container, which can reach temperatures high enough to __7__ practically anything my kitchen produces.I spend a few weeks learning how to __8__ use it.
Dealing with our food waste made me think a lot harder before __9__ to it.It seemed __10__ to fill the garbage bin with perfectly good vegetables, so those went into a bag in the __11__.When berries, pears and bananas got too __12__ to eat, I froze them for making drinks.Cooked foods and meat and cheese can turn into an unpleasant __13__ on a compost heap (堆), so those leftovers became my first __14__ for weekday posting was one change that __15__ my day－to－day behaviour.
After focusing on getting food waste out of the garbage bin, I wanted to __16__ single－use materials.Now, my family of five puts out just one bag of __17__ per week, a lighter load made up of snack bar wrappers and used tissue and the __18__.
All you need to make __19__ changes to your own kitchen is a little bit of effort and a solid game plan.
5．A.system B．theory
C．promise D．standard
6．A.inactive B．unpopular
C．dishonest D．impatient
7．A.put up B．work out
C．break down D．set aside
8．A.efficiently B．suddenly
C．slowly D．secretly
9．A.comparing B．replying
C．agreeing D．adding
10．A.formal B．crazy
C．wise D．innocent
11．A.cooker B．fireplace
C．freezer D．backyard
12．A.big B．soft
C．pretty D．bitter
13．A.process B．noise
C．truth D．mess
14．A.purchase B．principle
C．priority D．success
15．A.explains B．values
C．proves D．shifts
16．A.tackle B．invent
C．recommend D．seek
17．A.gifts B．vegetables
C．weed D．garbage
18．A.goods B．like
C．back D．light
19．A.seasonal B．legal
C．similar D．expensive
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①collection □ ②preservation □
③design □ ④vase □
⑤antique □ ⑥rare □
⑦fancy □ ⑧symbolize □
⑨archaeologist □ ⑩valuable □
style □ prosperity □
preserve □ origin □
monument □ abolish □
priceless □ ancient □
ceremony □ religious □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
environment－friendly, recycle, relics, low－carbon, emission, reserve, civilization, shortage, custom
1．The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and ______.
2．Is it possible to see the ______ now that they have been submerged
3．Not only can riding bicycles help build up our body, but it is also very ______.
4．Poor nations meanwhile could gain access to ______ technology which they could not otherwise afford.
5．Some of them are in the Hunchun Nature ______ on the border between China and Russia.
6．Environment experts urge people to reuse and ______ plastic bags.
7．We will try some famous local snacks and experience the local history and culture as well as their ______.
Ⅱ.写出下列句中加黑部分的汉语意思
1．During the National Day holidays millions of people come to Beijing from all over the country to visit famous historical sites such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall.______
2．Environmental conservation has been a hot topic in recent years.______
3．It was a miracle that the missing boy arrived home safe and sound.______
4．The group honours its musical heritage and shows a genuine love for all styles of music — from complex classical works to long－lasting pop tunes.______
5．How to calculate the carbon emission reasonably is a very tricky question.______
6．If you cannot go yourself, try to find someone to substitute you.______10 / 10
必修三 UNIT 2 课时作业（一）
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·广东六校联考)In the world of water, 2021 was another year for the record books.Parts of Western Europe suffered from deadly floods while large areas of the southwestern United States remained locked in a massive drought.
One might think that our impressive water management would safeguard society from such catastrophic events.Yet when it comes to water, the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather.One of the most alarming wake－up calls came from the city of Cape Town, where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off after severe drought dried up its reservoir (水库)．
Appealing as it might be, the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding.Rather, it is to work more with natural processes.
The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project, which gives river room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands, lowering parts of the stormy river by more than a foot.Agricultural practices offer another strategy.Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil's water－holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods.This means farmland practices such as the planting of cover crops can not only raise output but improve water management.
Solutions don't come easily, but they are key to a livable future.While it's too late to avoid the impacts of climate change, we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature－based water solutions.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了水灾频发给水治理带来的新启示。
1．Cape Town is mentioned to show__________.
A．the reservoir was of no use
B．new water management is in need
C．how awful it was without tap water
D．the existing water management is impressive
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句以及下文“如何利用水治理应对灾害的方法”可知，极端天气日益频繁而以前的水利工程不适用于新的变化，开普敦就是一个例子，紧接着后文谈及应该如何做，所以提及开普敦是为了表明我们需要新的水治理方式。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．The Netherlands was spared from flood damage.
B．The river's water level was reduced to over a foot.
C．Improving soil's water－holding ability is practical.
D．Planting crops boosts organisms at the cost of production.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，提高土壤有机物能提高其持水容量(从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝)，这在农业实践上是可行的。
3．Which of the following water projects might win the author's favor
①“Restoring Healthy Soil”
②“Filling Wetland”
③“Strengthening Dam”
④“Making Room for River”
A．①② B．②③
C．③④ D．①④
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，作者赞同①“恢复土壤健康”；根据第四段第一句可知，荷兰通过最近的水利项目使河流空间得以扩展，避免了历史性洪灾造成的重大损失，说明④“为河流腾出空间”会赢得作者的青睐。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Water disaster: way out of control
B．Investment in water: a key to the future
C．Nature－based solution: a way out for water
D．Good news: farming practices working well
解析：选C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章先介绍自然灾害，进而举例谈及用基于自然的方法应对灾害，故C项“基于自然的解决方案：水的出路”一语双关，既指自然方法提供出路，又指把水通过自然方式导出去，能概括文章内容。
B
(2023·长沙模拟)More than 45,000 years ago, by the shore of present－day Tasmania, a local person picked up a large piece of thick，dark brown seaweed.And he realized that this giant piece of seaweed could be used to make a watertight bag.And 45,000 years later in mainland Australia, people are again turning to seaweed to solve pressing problems.Today, it is used to address the world's climate crisis.
Winberg, a marine ecologist at the University of Wollongong, has spent decades studying seaweed.She believes seaweed's fast growth rate and ability to absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide can help fight climate change, deacidify (降低酸度) the ocean, and change the way we farm, not only in the ocean but also on land.
“If we used the infrastructure we have in the ocean and created seaweed islands, we would actually get rid of many climate change issues we have today，” says Winberg.Realizing seaweed's potential as a climate solution, Winberg opened Australia's first land－based, commercial seaweed farm in 2013.On her farm in New South Wales, Winberg produces seaweed extracts (提取物) that are used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
Like plants on land, seaweed absorbs CO2 and grows biomass (生物量)．Coastal marine systems can absorb carbon at rates up to 50 times greater than forests on land, according to Emily Pidgeon, senior director of strategic marine initiatives at Conservation International.Globally，seaweed is thought to absorb nearly 200 million tons of CO2 every year — as much as New York State's annual emissions.And when seaweed dies, much of the carbon locked up in its tissues is transported to the deep ocean.
By raising pH levels in the ocean, seaweed also improves growing conditions for shellfish such as oysters and mussels，whose shells become more fragile (脆弱的) in acidic environments.
The potential for seaweed cultivation doesn't stop in the ocean.Winberg has found there are benefits of doing it on land too.She believes that seaweed farming offers “huge potential” to not only address the climate crisis，but also feed a growing population in a sustainable way.According to Winberg, one hectare (公顷) of a seaweed farm can produce more protein than the same amount of land used for cattle.“We're sitting on undiscovered，renewable, sustainable resources，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了45 000多年前，人类发现海藻可以用来做防水袋。现在人们可以用海藻来解决世界气候危机。
5．What is mainly introduced about seaweed in Paragraph 1
A．Its use. B．Its history.
C．Its origin. D．Its appearance.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，45 000 多年前，人类发现了海藻可以用来做防水袋，如今它被用来解决世界气候危机。由此可知，该段主要介绍了海藻的用途。
6．Why is seaweed spoken highly of according to the text
A．It lowers the ocean temperature directly.
B．It contributes to shellfish's growing speed.
C．It produces the same amount of protein as cattle.
D．It grows fast and can absorb carbon at a high rate.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She believes ... fight climate change”以及第四段内容可知，海藻生长迅速，并且能以很快的速度吸收碳。
7．What is Winberg's attitude towards seaweed
A．Unclear. B．Favourable.
C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“She believes ...but also on land.”，第三段中的“If we used ...says Winberg.”和最后一段中的“She believes ...a sustainable way.”可知，Winberg对海藻持支持态度。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．CO2, a Killer of Climate Change
B．Pollution, the World's Climate Crisis
C．Seaweed, a Potential Climate Solution
D．Infrastructure, a Way of Eliminating Climate Issues
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了海藻可以用来解决世界气候危机，故C项适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2023·重庆模拟)假定你是李华，你的外国笔友 Joe的家乡遭遇了特大洪涝灾害，他的家受损严重，他本人也受伤了。 请你给他写一封信，内容包括：
1．安慰和鼓励；
2．为他提供帮助。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Joe，
I'm so sad to know that a heavy flood struck your hometown the other day.I'm writing to offer my genuine concern and sincere backup.
I know that your hometown has been badly destroyed and you are physically hurt and mentally affected as well.I do feel bad about this and I hope you can get recovered soon.Meanwhile, never lose heart and don't forget I am by your side though I can not fly there to fight against the disaster alongside you.I have been raising money and collecting useful items for you, which will be sent to you as soon as possible.
Wish you all the best.And feel free to contact me if you need any more help.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①survival □ ②hurricane □
③sandstorm □ ④natural □
⑤volcano □ ⑥snowstorm □
⑦tornado □ ⑧tsunami □
⑨landslide □ ⑩drought □
fierce □ dangerous □
changeable □ terrify □
panic □ worsen □
victim □ catastrophe □
disappearance □ surround □
(二)主题词汇训练
单句语法填空
1．Hearing the dog barking fiercely (fierce), away fled the thief.
2．Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack and worsen (worse) the effects of other diseases.
3．We have been cutting down too many trees, which causes birds and animals to lose their natural (nature) habitats.
4．How do you account for the sudden disappearance (disappear) of the animals
5．School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous (danger) situations.
6．In England, the changeable (change) weather is a topic which is much talked about.
7．Our new surroundings (surround) are a lot more friendly than we expected.
课时作业(二)
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·通辽模拟)For decades, climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to severity.“Naming and categorizing heat waves is also a must，” states a newly formed international union, called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance.“Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage，” says Jennifer Marlon, a climate scientist at Yale University.Heat waves, however, have less evident effects, since the primary damage is to human health.
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather－related disaster.Data from the National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019, there were 4,257 deaths as a result of heat.By comparison, there were fewer deaths by floods (2,907), tornadoes (2,203) or hurricanes (1,405) over the same period.What's more, climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide, getting tens of thousands of people dying each year because of heat.
Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat, including people over 65 and those with potential medical conditions.Historical racial discrimination also places minority communities at higher risk.Due to housing policies, communities of color are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack the green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.
Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is.No single definition currently exists.Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave, “We don't have a common understanding of the danger we face，” says Aaron Bernstein, an expert of the new group.“Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to address potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures.And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.”
The union is in ongoing conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the World Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高温所带来的危害及对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处。
1．What do we know about the heat wave in America
A．It causes most serious physical damage.
B．It has got more attention in recent years.
C．It kills more people than other natural disasters.
D．It is the biggest killer among weather－related disasters.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather－related disaster.”可知，美国的高温是与天气有关的灾害中最大的杀手。
2．Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves
A．They live in poorly－built houses.
B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces.
D．They are restricted in their movements.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which lack the green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods”可知，少数民族容易受到高温的伤害是因为他们能使用的绿色空间有限。
3．What is the author's attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Conservative. D．Tolerant.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据第四段内容可知，对高温进行命名和排名能提高公众意识，所以作者对第四段中提到的专家持支持态度。
4．What does the text intend to tell us about heat waves
A．They also kill lives like hurricanes.
B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly.
D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.
解析：选B 推理判断题。文章介绍了高温所带来的危害及对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处。由此可知，这篇文章想告诉我们高温应该像飓风一样有自己的名字。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2023·石家庄质检)Wildlife workers in Florida are feeding manatees to keep them from starving. __5__ So far, the rescue workers have already given out 25 tons of lettuce (莴苣)．
Manatees are huge sea mammals that can be as long as 4 meters when mature. __6__ In spite of their size, manatees only eat plants that live in the sea.That's one reason why they're sometimes called “sea cows”．They spend most of their time in warm, shallow water looking for food.
But Florida's manatees have been on the US government's list of endangered animals since 1967.Most threats to manatees come from humans.One of the biggest problems faced by the creatures is boats.Manatees are curious and fairly slow, which has led to thousands of manatees being injured or killed.
__7__ At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida.But by 2016, there were roughly 8,800 manatees.
But now manatees are facing a new challenge: they can't get enough to eat.Many of the beds of seagrass that manatees depend upon have been killed by human－caused pollution.Seagrass began to disappear around 2011.Warming seas, combined with polluted water and fertilizers that have been washed off farmlands, have created huge growth of algae on the ocean's surface. __8__
Last year, 1,101 manatees died from starving. __9__ Many of the manatees that remain are so thin that their ribs can be seen.Often they have trouble swimming.
So last December, wildlife experts came up with a plan to get emergency food for the manatees.They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage.In the long term, Florida is working to help restore seagrass beds.But that will take time.
A．That was a record.
B．They can weigh up to 590 kilograms.
C．The feeding station has been very successful.
D．With protection, manatees managed to bounce back.
E．They block the sunlight that allows the seagrass to grow.
F．But feeding these massive sea creatures takes a lot of food.
G．Research needs to be done to determine what food would be best.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了佛罗里达州野生动物保护者通过给海牛喂食来避免它们遭受饥饿，从而促进海牛种群数量的增加。
5.解析：选F 空前一句讲到“佛罗里达州的野生动物保护者正喂养海牛以防止它们挨饿”，而空后则讲到“到目前为止，救援人员已经发放了25吨莴苣”，故F项“但是，喂养这些大型海洋生物特别费食物”承上启下，符合语境。
6．解析：选B 空前一句讲到“海牛是大型海洋哺乳动物，成年海牛身长达4米”，而空后一句讲到“尽管它们体型庞大，却只吃海洋植物”，因此，空处应该还会讲到海牛的体型，故B项“它们(海牛)重达590千克”符合语境。
7．解析：选D 根据第一段可知，佛罗里达州的野生动物保护者正喂养海牛；再结合空后的“At one point, there were only ... 8,800 manatees”可知，通过野生动物保护者的努力，海牛的数量有反弹。故D项符合语境。
8．解析：选E 本段讲到了海牛面临的新挑战，结合空前一句中的“海洋表面的海藻大量生长”可知，空处应该会讲到海藻泛滥带来的危害，故E项“它们(海藻)挡住了使海草能够生长的阳光”承接上文，符合语境。
9．解析：选A 空前一句讲到“去年，1 101头海牛死于饥饿”，A项“那创造了新的纪录”符合语境，且能够衔接空后一句“剩下的很多海牛瘦骨嶙峋”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023·辽宁部分重点中学协作体联考)We rarely go about our __1__ (day) lives thinking and preparing for the worst circumstances.Fires, car accidents, heart attacks and other emergency situations may come about at any moment.Many dangers are around us constantly.How will we react in those times Sometimes, it's better __2__ (get) prepared for the worst.There are __3__ number of things we can do by learning a few life－saving skills for conditions __4__ our control.
One necessary skill we can arm __5__ (we) with is mastering CPR (心脏复苏)．This can come in __6__ (especial) handy for those in the restaurant and dining industries.Statistics have shown that people choking on their food while __7__ (eat) is not uncommon at all.A similar skill that would come in handy in addition to CPR is the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法), __8__ can be used to get out a foreign object (异物) from someone who is choking.
Our health is our greatest investment among all the things.While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills __9__ (be) quite useful.It doesn't need much time or money, but we may give an __10__ (extend) of life to other people through proper help.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在日常生活中，我们应该学习一些急救技能。
1．daily 考查形容词。修饰名词lives，应用形容词形式作定语。
2．to get 考查非谓语动词。It's＋adj.＋to do sth.“做某事是……的”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式结构。故填to get。
3．a 考查冠词。a number of“许多”，为固定搭配。
4．beyond 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“无法控制”，故填beyond。
5．ourselves 考查代词。arm oneself with sth.“以……为武器；用……把自己武装起来”，为固定用法。
6．especially 考查副词。修饰形容词handy，应用副词形式作状语。
7．eating 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为状语从句的省略，且主语people与eat之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。
8．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Heimlich Maneuver，指物，从句中缺主语，所以用关系代词which引导。
9．is 考查时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
10．extension 考查名词。不定冠词an和介词of之间接名词的单数形式。故填extension。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①injure □ ②operation □
③unconscious □ ④dizzy □
⑤painful □ ⑥rescue □
⑦abnormal □ ⑧allergic □
⑨depression □ ⑩infect □
relieve □ calm □
tablet □ pill □
capsule □ clinic □
breathe □ medicine □
admit □ lie □
(二)主题词汇训练
选词填空(有两词多余)
unconscious， calm， pill， allergic， lie， admit， clinic， relieve， abnormal， rescue
1．In time of danger, you must keep calm.
2．She was allergic to that food, which is why she felt dizzy.
3．Seeing the little girl lying on the ground, unconscious,_we called 120 immediately.
4．In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
5．I met Connie the day she was admitted to the hospital, where I worked as a volunteer.
6．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
7．She came back with a bottle of pills after paying a visit to the drugstore.
8．The clinic opened for business last October and since then it has treated more than 200 people.10 / 10
必修三 UNIT 2 课时作业（一）
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·广东六校联考)In the world of water, 2021 was another year for the record books.Parts of Western Europe suffered from deadly floods while large areas of the southwestern United States remained locked in a massive drought.
One might think that our impressive water management would safeguard society from such catastrophic events.Yet when it comes to water, the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather.One of the most alarming wake－up calls came from the city of Cape Town, where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off after severe drought dried up its reservoir (水库)．
Appealing as it might be, the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding.Rather, it is to work more with natural processes.
The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project, which gives river room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands, lowering parts of the stormy river by more than a foot.Agricultural practices offer another strategy.Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil's water－holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods.This means farmland practices such as the planting of cover crops can not only raise output but improve water management.
Solutions don't come easily, but they are key to a livable future.While it's too late to avoid the impacts of climate change, we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature－based water solutions.
1．Cape Town is mentioned to show__________.
A．the reservoir was of no use
B．new water management is in need
C．how awful it was without tap water
D．the existing water management is impressive
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．The Netherlands was spared from flood damage.
B．The river's water level was reduced to over a foot.
C．Improving soil's water－holding ability is practical.
D．Planting crops boosts organisms at the cost of production.
3．Which of the following water projects might win the author's favor
①“Restoring Healthy Soil”
②“Filling Wetland”
③“Strengthening Dam”
④“Making Room for River”
A．①② B．②③
C．③④ D．①④
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Water disaster: way out of control
B．Investment in water: a key to the future
C．Nature－based solution: a way out for water
D．Good news: farming practices working well
B
(2023·长沙模拟)More than 45,000 years ago, by the shore of present－day Tasmania, a local person picked up a large piece of thick，dark brown seaweed.And he realized that this giant piece of seaweed could be used to make a watertight bag.And 45,000 years later in mainland Australia, people are again turning to seaweed to solve pressing problems.Today, it is used to address the world's climate crisis.
Winberg, a marine ecologist at the University of Wollongong, has spent decades studying seaweed.She believes seaweed's fast growth rate and ability to absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide can help fight climate change, deacidify (降低酸度) the ocean, and change the way we farm, not only in the ocean but also on land.
“If we used the infrastructure we have in the ocean and created seaweed islands, we would actually get rid of many climate change issues we have today，” says Winberg.Realizing seaweed's potential as a climate solution, Winberg opened Australia's first land－based, commercial seaweed farm in 2013.On her farm in New South Wales, Winberg produces seaweed extracts (提取物) that are used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
Like plants on land, seaweed absorbs CO2 and grows biomass (生物量)．Coastal marine systems can absorb carbon at rates up to 50 times greater than forests on land, according to Emily Pidgeon, senior director of strategic marine initiatives at Conservation International.Globally，seaweed is thought to absorb nearly 200 million tons of CO2 every year — as much as New York State's annual emissions.And when seaweed dies, much of the carbon locked up in its tissues is transported to the deep ocean.
By raising pH levels in the ocean, seaweed also improves growing conditions for shellfish such as oysters and mussels，whose shells become more fragile (脆弱的) in acidic environments.
The potential for seaweed cultivation doesn't stop in the ocean.Winberg has found there are benefits of doing it on land too.She believes that seaweed farming offers “huge potential” to not only address the climate crisis，but also feed a growing population in a sustainable way.According to Winberg, one hectare (公顷) of a seaweed farm can produce more protein than the same amount of land used for cattle.“We're sitting on undiscovered，renewable, sustainable resources，” she says.
5．What is mainly introduced about seaweed in Paragraph 1
A．Its use. B．Its history.
C．Its origin. D．Its appearance.
6．Why is seaweed spoken highly of according to the text
A．It lowers the ocean temperature directly.
B．It contributes to shellfish's growing speed.
C．It produces the same amount of protein as cattle.
D．It grows fast and can absorb carbon at a high rate.
7．What is Winberg's attitude towards seaweed
A．Unclear. B．Favourable.
C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．CO2, a Killer of Climate Change
B．Pollution, the World's Climate Crisis
C．Seaweed, a Potential Climate Solution
D．Infrastructure, a Way of Eliminating Climate Issues
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2023·重庆模拟)假定你是李华，你的外国笔友 Joe的家乡遭遇了特大洪涝灾害，他的家受损严重，他本人也受伤了。 请你给他写一封信，内容包括：
1．安慰和鼓励；
2．为他提供帮助。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①survival □ ②hurricane □
③sandstorm □ ④natural □
⑤volcano □ ⑥snowstorm □
⑦tornado □ ⑧tsunami □
⑨landslide □ ⑩drought □
fierce □ dangerous □
changeable □ terrify □
panic □ worsen □
victim □ catastrophe □
disappearance □ surround □
(二)主题词汇训练
单句语法填空
1．Hearing the dog barking ______ (fierce), away fled the thief.
2．Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack and ______ (worse) the effects of other diseases.
3．We have been cutting down too many trees, which causes birds and animals to lose their ______ (nature) habitats.
4．How do you account for the sudden ______ (disappear) of the animals
5．School children must be taught how to deal with ______ (danger) situations.
6．In England, the ______ (change) weather is a topic which is much talked about.
7．Our new ______ (surround) are a lot more friendly than we expected.
课时作业(二)
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·通辽模拟)For decades, climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to severity.“Naming and categorizing heat waves is also a must，” states a newly formed international union, called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance.“Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage，” says Jennifer Marlon, a climate scientist at Yale University.Heat waves, however, have less evident effects, since the primary damage is to human health.
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather－related disaster.Data from the National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019, there were 4,257 deaths as a result of heat.By comparison, there were fewer deaths by floods (2,907), tornadoes (2,203) or hurricanes (1,405) over the same period.What's more, climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide, getting tens of thousands of people dying each year because of heat.
Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat, including people over 65 and those with potential medical conditions.Historical racial discrimination also places minority communities at higher risk.Due to housing policies, communities of color are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack the green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.
Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is.No single definition currently exists.Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave, “We don't have a common understanding of the danger we face，” says Aaron Bernstein, an expert of the new group.“Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to address potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures.And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.”
The union is in ongoing conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the World Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.
1．What do we know about the heat wave in America
A．It causes most serious physical damage.
B．It has got more attention in recent years.
C．It kills more people than other natural disasters.
D．It is the biggest killer among weather－related disasters.
2．Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves
A．They live in poorly－built houses.
B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces.
D．They are restricted in their movements.
3．What is the author's attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Conservative. D．Tolerant.
4．What does the text intend to tell us about heat waves
A．They also kill lives like hurricanes.
B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly.
D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2023·石家庄质检)Wildlife workers in Florida are feeding manatees to keep them from starving. __5__ So far, the rescue workers have already given out 25 tons of lettuce (莴苣)．
Manatees are huge sea mammals that can be as long as 4 meters when mature. __6__ In spite of their size, manatees only eat plants that live in the sea.That's one reason why they're sometimes called “sea cows”．They spend most of their time in warm, shallow water looking for food.
But Florida's manatees have been on the US government's list of endangered animals since 1967.Most threats to manatees come from humans.One of the biggest problems faced by the creatures is boats.Manatees are curious and fairly slow, which has led to thousands of manatees being injured or killed.
__7__ At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida.But by 2016, there were roughly 8,800 manatees.
But now manatees are facing a new challenge: they can't get enough to eat.Many of the beds of seagrass that manatees depend upon have been killed by human－caused pollution.Seagrass began to disappear around 2011.Warming seas, combined with polluted water and fertilizers that have been washed off farmlands, have created huge growth of algae on the ocean's surface. __8__
Last year, 1,101 manatees died from starving. __9__ Many of the manatees that remain are so thin that their ribs can be seen.Often they have trouble swimming.
So last December, wildlife experts came up with a plan to get emergency food for the manatees.They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage.In the long term, Florida is working to help restore seagrass beds.But that will take time.
A．That was a record.
B．They can weigh up to 590 kilograms.
C．The feeding station has been very successful.
D．With protection, manatees managed to bounce back.
E．They block the sunlight that allows the seagrass to grow.
F．But feeding these massive sea creatures takes a lot of food.
G．Research needs to be done to determine what food would be best.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023·辽宁部分重点中学协作体联考)We rarely go about our __1__ (day) lives thinking and preparing for the worst circumstances.Fires, car accidents, heart attacks and other emergency situations may come about at any moment.Many dangers are around us constantly.How will we react in those times Sometimes, it's better __2__ (get) prepared for the worst.There are __3__ number of things we can do by learning a few life－saving skills for conditions __4__ our control.
One necessary skill we can arm __5__ (we) with is mastering CPR (心脏复苏)．This can come in __6__ (especial) handy for those in the restaurant and dining industries.Statistics have shown that people choking on their food while __7__ (eat) is not uncommon at all.A similar skill that would come in handy in addition to CPR is the Heimlich Maneuver (海姆立克急救法), __8__ can be used to get out a foreign object (异物) from someone who is choking.
Our health is our greatest investment among all the things.While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills __9__ (be) quite useful.It doesn't need much time or money, but we may give an __10__ (extend) of life to other people through proper help.
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①injure □ ②operation □
③unconscious □ ④dizzy □
⑤painful □ ⑥rescue □
⑦abnormal □ ⑧allergic □
⑨depression □ ⑩infect □
relieve □ calm □
tablet □ pill □
capsule □ clinic □
breathe □ medicine □
admit □ lie □
(二)主题词汇训练
选词填空(有两词多余)
unconscious， calm， pill， allergic， lie， admit， clinic， relieve， abnormal， rescue
1．In time of danger, you must keep ______.
2．She was ______ to that food, which is why she felt dizzy.
3．Seeing the little girl lying on the ground, _______we called 120 immediately.
4．In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to ______ worldwide starvation.
5．I met Connie the day she was ______ to the hospital, where I worked as a volunteer.
6．A ______ worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
7．She came back with a bottle of ______ after paying a visit to the drugstore.
8．The ______ opened for business last October and since then it has treated more than 200 people.9 / 9
必修三 UNIT 3 课时作业（一）
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·长沙模拟)The cyber－security firm Lucideus Tech has launched SAFE Me, a cyber risk assessment app with versions aimed at regular users, enterprises and their senior executives.
“Our ‘SAFE’ product, which we launched three years back, provides the cyber risk status for your organization, all the way down to every single laptop, every single router (路由器), every database，and every cloud instance，” said Saket Modi, co－founder and CEO of Lucideus Tech.
When a regular user opens the “SAFE Me” app, they will see a score which has been given to them about their cyber－security risk.The ratings are from zero to five; the lower the rating is, the higher the risk is.The app also does a risk assessment for the device, and highlights if the user needs to update the OS (操作系统), and if the device is secure, etc.It also shows the user a list of damaged passwords which are linked to their email ID, including the password that gets leaked.
Modi says the app will remain ad－free and that it does not require any special permission in order to show this risk assessment.The app will also let regular users take safety courses to improve their safety score.The more tests one answers in a correct way, the better their score becomes.
Enterprises on the other hand will be able to design and run their own safety campaigns in order to improve the security risks of their employees.“Even today, the largest of the Fortune 500 companies around the world doesn't have any personalized module for cyber－security protection of their employees.So what we are trying to do with SAFE Me is give you a personal assistant, and you can count on it when it comes to knowing your own cyber－security risk status，” he said.
Modi pointed out that with the COVID－19 pandemic (流行病) and more employees working from home, the difference between professional workspace and personal space has disappeared.“So our application can give users and employees first－hand visibility of their own risk status，” he added.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款网络安全应用软件——SAFE Me。
1．What's the author's main purpose in writing the text
A．To design safety products.
B．To promote the app SAFE Me.
C．To assess cyber－security risk.
D．To teach app users how to be safer.
解析：选B 写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，网络风险日增，科技公司研发了一款软件帮助用户安全上网。作者写本文是为了推广SAFE Me这个应用软件。
2．What could SAFE Me do according to the text
A．Help the users to update the OS.
B．Offer scores about cyber－security risk.
C．Instruct users to use popular applications.
D．Protect the passwords from being leaked.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“they will see a score which has been given to them about their cyber－security risk”可知，SAFE Me可以为用户提供关于网络安全风险的分数。
3．Which of the following words can best describe SAFE Me
A．Expensive. B．Risky.
C．Complex. D．Practical.
解析：选D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，SAFE Me应用软件没有广告，且有不同的功能，并且最后一段提到了这个应用软件在疫情期间对于在家办公发挥的作用。由此可推知，SAFE Me是实用的。
4．From which is the text probably taken
A．Science fiction. B．A research paper.
C．An IT magazine. D．A computer textbook.
解析：选C 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了一款应用软件——SAFE Me，该软件是由科技公司研发的，由此可以推断，本文可能选自一个信息技术杂志。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·潍坊模拟)I could feel the excitement rising in me as I held the beautifully wrapped present in my hands.I fumbled (抚弄) with the string and then unable to contain my curiosity any longer, I opened it.It was a shiny, brand new laptop.I had scored straight A's for my O level examination and this was my reward.I had always envied my friends who were exchanging news about “chat rooms”，“instant messaging” and “e－mailing”， all of which I knew nothing about.Now I was going to find out.
It started out simply enough.I was searching for some information online when I chanced upon a social networking site.Soon I became glued to my new－found electronic friend.I began to spend more and more time on the Internet.I had never imagined that the day would come when I would be addicted to the glowing screen before me.Whenever I was not glued to these social networking sites, I would be going through gossip or fashion websites.
As time passed, I realized that I was hooked on the Internet.During weekends, when I had more time on my hands, I could easily spend a few hours on my laptop.It came to a point where I chose to lock myself in my room, refusing to come out and take part in family discussions.I preferred to stay connected to the people I befriended in cyberspace although I had never met them.Soon I was spending the small hours of the morning glued to the Internet.Sleep was no longer complete and continuous.My grades at school also began worsening.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
It was about this time that my parents started voicing their disapproval.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Then one day, my father took away my laptop.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
It was about this time that my parents started voicing their disapproval.It became obvious to them that I was spending too much time on the Internet.I was asked to cut down my usage of the Internet.Yet, however hard I tried, I was unable to pull myself away, terminate my chat sessions or concentrate on my lessons.I was desperate for just another click, just another look at my e－mail or message board.
Paragraph 2：
Then one day, my father took away my laptop.I begged my dad, but he had made up his mind.Over time I realized that Dad and Mum had always wanted the best for me.That was when I decided to take the big step — to conquer my Internet addiction.Quitting was harder than I expected.But with dogged determination I knew that I would be able to do it and promised my parents that I would turn over a new leaf.
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①acquire □ ②compare □
③evidence □ ④predict □
⑤announce □ ⑥conclude □
⑦imaginative □ ⑧procedure □
⑨attain □ ⑩conduct □
measure □ research □
cautious □ experiment □
practice □ solve □
collect □ explore □
prepare □ talented □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
attain， announce， conduct， experiment， practice， predict， solve， procedure， measure， talented
1．He measured the height of the tree in the farm yesterday.
2．In this way they can better apply theory to practice.
3．To find out the truth, British scientists conducted a study.
4．Most of our students attained five “A” grades in their final exams.
5．To do scientific research, you should follow these basic procedures.
6．We are pleased to announce that all five candidates were successful.
7．Scientists try to predict the time and the location of the earthquake that may occur.
8．To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The government has been cautious (caution) in its response to the report.
2．Emerald starlings are fairly small when compared (compare) with other such birds.
3．Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the acquired (acquire) knowledge to new teachers.
4．When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion (conclude), Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
5．As is known to all, the first stage in research is data collection (collect)．
6．This is some information on the space exploration (explore) from the past, present, and future.
7．I'm not well prepared (prepare) for the exam.I'm afraid I won't pass.
8．This is the stage for creative thinking and imaginative (imagine) ideas.
课时作业(二)
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·泰安模拟)Wi－Fi has become an integral part of our fast－paced everyday lives.Thanks to Wi－Fi, we no longer have to be restricted to the Internet with cables.But have you ever stopped to wonder how it works
Wi－Fi uses radio waves to transmit information between your device and a router via frequencies.Two radio－wave frequencies can be used, depending on the amount of data being sent: 2.4 gigahertz (千赫兹) and 5 gigahertz.What does that mean, though Well, a hertz is just a measurement of frequency.For example, let's say you're sitting_on_a_beach,_watching the waves crash to shore.If you measured the time between each wave crash, you'd be measuring the frequency of the waves.One hertz is a frequency of one wave per second.One gigahertz, on the other hand, is one billion waves per second.The higher the frequency, the greater the amount of data transmitted per second.
The two Wi－Fi frequencies are split into multiple channels so as to prevent high traffic and interference.When it comes to sharing the data across these channels, well, that's when the magic computer science happens.The first step in the process is initiated by you.When you access the Internet on your device, it transforms the information you've requested into binary (二进制) code, the language of computers.Everything computers do is based in binary code, a series of 1s and 0s.When you click on this article, your request is translated into a bunch of 1s and 0s.The frequencies travel across the radio channels mentioned earlier and are received by the Wi－Fi router that your device is connected to.The router then transforms the frequencies back into binary code and translates the code into the Internet traffic that you requested, and the router receives that data through a hardwired Internet cable.The process repeats itself until you have loaded this article — or anything that requires the Internet.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Wi－Fi已经成为我们快节奏的日常生活中不可分割的一部分。文章主要介绍了Wi－Fi的工作原理。
1．What is the author's attitude to the Wi－Fi access
A．Favorable. B．Tolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Wi－Fi has become an integral part ... the Internet with cables.”可推知，作者对于Wi－Fi的态度是赞许的。
2．Why does the author mention “sitting on a beach” in Paragraph 2
A．To make a prediction.
B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact.
D．To offer a reason.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据画线部分上文“Well, a hertz is just a measurement of frequency.”可推知，作者举坐在沙滩上的例子是为了帮助大家理解赫兹这个概念。
3．What is the focus of the last paragraph
A．The significance of measuring frequency.
B．The method of transmitting information.
C．The function of translating binary code.
D．The principle of sharing data.
解析：选D 段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，最后一段主要是在介绍共享数据的原理。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．When Does Wi－Fi Exist
B．What Does Wi－Fi Transmit
C．How Does Wi－Fi Work
D．Why Does Wi－Fi Matter
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句并结合全文可知，本文主要是在介绍Wi－Fi的工作原理，故C项适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Many people tend to bring electronic products when travelling, including me.Last year I just __5__ my summer vacation by bringing along my iPad.Instead of looking at nature, I __6__ my e－mail.Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading __7__ newspapers each morning.And that was the __8__： I was acting as if I was still in the office.My body was on vacation but my mind wasn't.
So this year I made up my mind to try something __9__： getting away from the Internet.I knew it wouldn't be easy, since I'm not good at self－control.But I was __10__.So I began to take action by handing the iPad to my wife.Then, a stroke of luck: The mobile phone __11__ at our cabin was worse than that in the past.I was trapped in a small circle and __12__ to carry out my plan.Largely __13__ from e－mail and my favorite newspaper websites, I had few ways to __14__ to the world.Therefore, I had no __15__ but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.
With determination and the strong __16__ of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle against the Internet.I finally realized that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the __17__.
As I return to work, a test begins: Can I __18__ when I'm back at work I have no intention of giving up my iPad __19__.But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑) to use it every five minutes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在假期进行的一场远离网络的斗争。
5．A.ruined B．spent
C．arranged D．celebrated
解析：选A 根据下文可知，去年作者带着平板电脑旅行，结果破坏了(ruin)暑假。
6．A.received B．selected
C．checked D．removed
解析：选C 根据语境可知，暑假旅行时作者带着平板电脑，因此这里是指在平板电脑上查看(check)邮件，与上文的“looking at”对应。
7．A.online B．informal
C．local D．traditional
解析：选A 根据语境可知，作者每天看在线(online)新闻。
8．A.dilemma B．problem
C．solution D．conflict
解析：选B 根据下文语境可知，此处指问题(problem)是：作者的身体在度假，但他的思想没有。
9．A.attractive B．logical
C．magical D．different
解析：选D 上文提到，去年平板电脑毁了作者的暑假；再结合下文中的“getting away from the Internet”可知，今年作者决定尝试不同的(different)事情。
10．A.excited B．shocked
C．determined D．frightened
解析：选C 根据下文中的“I began to take action by handing the iPad to my wife”可知，作者已下定决心(determined)。
11．A.quality B．design
C．signal D．technology
解析：选C 根据“The mobile phone ________ at our cabin was worse”可知，此处是指屋里的手机信号(signal)比原来更差。
12．A.encouraged B．persuaded
C．inspired D．forced
解析：选D 根据上文中的“The mobile phone ...I was trapped in a small circle”可知，由于不能上网，作者被迫(forced)去执行他的计划。
13．A.taken out B．pulled down
C．cut off D．carried away
解析：选C 根据上文中的“I was trapped in a small circle”可知，此处是指作者与电子邮件及他最喜欢的新闻网站断了(cut off)联系。
14．A.return B．connect
C．react D．contribute
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作者与电子邮件及他最喜欢的新闻网站断了联系，所以他几乎没有办法与外界联系(connect)。
15．A.method B．goal
C．trick D．choice
解析：选D 此处指作者别无选择(choice)，只能做已经计划做的事。
16．A.support B．admiration
C．rejection D．influence
解析：选A 根据语境可知，这里指妻子的大力支持(support)。
17．A.puzzle B．sign
C．evidence D．key
解析：选D 通过这场斗争，作者意识到问题的关键(key)是他自己，而不是平板电脑。
18．A.survive B．change
C．escape D．continue
解析：选D 根据上文及下文中的“when I'm back at work”可知，作者在假期与网络的斗争中取得了胜利，但他担心的是回到工作中自己是否还能继续(continue)远离网络。
19．A.deliberately B．completely
C．personally D．actually
解析：选B 根据下文“But I hope to resist the temptation to use it every five minutes.”可知，作者并不打算完全(completely)放弃使用平板电脑。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①download □ ②household □
③helpful □ ④advanced □
⑤convenient □ ⑥technology □
⑦development □ ⑧system □
⑨promising □ ⑩replace □
analyse □ observe □
value □ concern □
breakthrough □ exploration □
solution □ simplify □
engineer □ invent □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
system, replace, value, concern, download, breakthrough, technology, simplify
1．Users can download their material to a desktop PC back in the office.
2．With the coming of modern technology,_many jobs were lost.
3．The present system of funding for higher education is unsatisfactory.
4．Our aim is to simplify the complex social security system.
5．The scientists are trying their best to have a breakthrough in cancer research.
6．The house now has a market value of one million pounds.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The e－nose is helpful (help) in killing harmful insects.
2．The main problem to development (develop) is the country's large population.
3．The newspapers described her as a promising (promise) young singer.
4．The patient was kept under observation (observe) all night.
5．The invention (invent) of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
6．Although he has sought to find a peaceful solution (solve), he is facing pressure to use greater military force.
7．In the final analysis (analyse) I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.
8．The course is suitable for beginners and advanced (advance) students.9 / 9
必修三 UNIT 3 课时作业（一）
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·长沙模拟)The cyber－security firm Lucideus Tech has launched SAFE Me, a cyber risk assessment app with versions aimed at regular users, enterprises and their senior executives.
“Our ‘SAFE’ product, which we launched three years back, provides the cyber risk status for your organization, all the way down to every single laptop, every single router (路由器), every database，and every cloud instance，” said Saket Modi, co－founder and CEO of Lucideus Tech.
When a regular user opens the “SAFE Me” app, they will see a score which has been given to them about their cyber－security risk.The ratings are from zero to five; the lower the rating is, the higher the risk is.The app also does a risk assessment for the device, and highlights if the user needs to update the OS (操作系统), and if the device is secure, etc.It also shows the user a list of damaged passwords which are linked to their email ID, including the password that gets leaked.
Modi says the app will remain ad－free and that it does not require any special permission in order to show this risk assessment.The app will also let regular users take safety courses to improve their safety score.The more tests one answers in a correct way, the better their score becomes.
Enterprises on the other hand will be able to design and run their own safety campaigns in order to improve the security risks of their employees.“Even today, the largest of the Fortune 500 companies around the world doesn't have any personalized module for cyber－security protection of their employees.So what we are trying to do with SAFE Me is give you a personal assistant, and you can count on it when it comes to knowing your own cyber－security risk status，” he said.
Modi pointed out that with the COVID－19 pandemic (流行病) and more employees working from home, the difference between professional workspace and personal space has disappeared.“So our application can give users and employees first－hand visibility of their own risk status，” he added.
1．What's the author's main purpose in writing the text
A．To design safety products.
B．To promote the app SAFE Me.
C．To assess cyber－security risk.
D．To teach app users how to be safer.
2．What could SAFE Me do according to the text
A．Help the users to update the OS.
B．Offer scores about cyber－security risk.
C．Instruct users to use popular applications.
D．Protect the passwords from being leaked.
3．Which of the following words can best describe SAFE Me
A．Expensive. B．Risky.
C．Complex. D．Practical.
4．From which is the text probably taken
A．Science fiction. B．A research paper.
C．An IT magazine. D．A computer textbook.
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·潍坊模拟)I could feel the excitement rising in me as I held the beautifully wrapped present in my hands.I fumbled (抚弄) with the string and then unable to contain my curiosity any longer, I opened it.It was a shiny, brand new laptop.I had scored straight A's for my O level examination and this was my reward.I had always envied my friends who were exchanging news about “chat rooms”，“instant messaging” and “e－mailing”， all of which I knew nothing about.Now I was going to find out.
It started out simply enough.I was searching for some information online when I chanced upon a social networking site.Soon I became glued to my new－found electronic friend.I began to spend more and more time on the Internet.I had never imagined that the day would come when I would be addicted to the glowing screen before me.Whenever I was not glued to these social networking sites, I would be going through gossip or fashion websites.
As time passed, I realized that I was hooked on the Internet.During weekends, when I had more time on my hands, I could easily spend a few hours on my laptop.It came to a point where I chose to lock myself in my room, refusing to come out and take part in family discussions.I preferred to stay connected to the people I befriended in cyberspace although I had never met them.Soon I was spending the small hours of the morning glued to the Internet.Sleep was no longer complete and continuous.My grades at school also began worsening.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
It was about this time that my parents started voicing their disapproval.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Then one day, my father took away my laptop.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①acquire □ ②compare □
③evidence □ ④predict □
⑤announce □ ⑥conclude □
⑦imaginative □ ⑧procedure □
⑨attain □ ⑩conduct □
measure □ research □
cautious □ experiment □
practice □ solve □
collect □ explore □
prepare □ talented □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
attain， announce， conduct， experiment， practice， predict， solve， procedure， measure， talented
1．He ______ the height of the tree in the farm yesterday.
2．In this way they can better apply theory to ______.
3．To find out the truth, British scientists ______ a study.
4．Most of our students ______ five “A” grades in their final exams.
5．To do scientific research, you should follow these basic ______.
6．We are pleased to ______ that all five candidates were successful.
7．Scientists try to ______ the time and the location of the earthquake that may occur.
8．To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two ______.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The government has been ______ (caution) in its response to the report.
2．Emerald starlings are fairly small when ______ (compare) with other such birds.
3．Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the ______ (acquire) knowledge to new teachers.
4．When he brings his speech to a nice ______ (conclude), Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
5．As is known to all, the first stage in research is data ______ (collect)．
6．This is some information on the space ______ (explore) from the past, present, and future.
7．I'm not well ______ (prepare) for the exam.I'm afraid I won't pass.
8．This is the stage for creative thinking and ______ (imagine) ideas.
课时作业(二)
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·泰安模拟)Wi－Fi has become an integral part of our fast－paced everyday lives.Thanks to Wi－Fi, we no longer have to be restricted to the Internet with cables.But have you ever stopped to wonder how it works
Wi－Fi uses radio waves to transmit information between your device and a router via frequencies.Two radio－wave frequencies can be used, depending on the amount of data being sent: 2.4 gigahertz (千赫兹) and 5 gigahertz.What does that mean, though Well, a hertz is just a measurement of frequency.For example, let's say you're sitting_on_a_beach,_watching the waves crash to shore.If you measured the time between each wave crash, you'd be measuring the frequency of the waves.One hertz is a frequency of one wave per second.One gigahertz, on the other hand, is one billion waves per second.The higher the frequency, the greater the amount of data transmitted per second.
The two Wi－Fi frequencies are split into multiple channels so as to prevent high traffic and interference.When it comes to sharing the data across these channels, well, that's when the magic computer science happens.The first step in the process is initiated by you.When you access the Internet on your device, it transforms the information you've requested into binary (二进制) code, the language of computers.Everything computers do is based in binary code, a series of 1s and 0s.When you click on this article, your request is translated into a bunch of 1s and 0s.The frequencies travel across the radio channels mentioned earlier and are received by the Wi－Fi router that your device is connected to.The router then transforms the frequencies back into binary code and translates the code into the Internet traffic that you requested, and the router receives that data through a hardwired Internet cable.The process repeats itself until you have loaded this article — or anything that requires the Internet.
1．What is the author's attitude to the Wi－Fi access
A．Favorable. B．Tolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
2．Why does the author mention “sitting on a beach” in Paragraph 2
A．To make a prediction.
B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact.
D．To offer a reason.
3．What is the focus of the last paragraph
A．The significance of measuring frequency.
B．The method of transmitting information.
C．The function of translating binary code.
D．The principle of sharing data.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．When Does Wi－Fi Exist
B．What Does Wi－Fi Transmit
C．How Does Wi－Fi Work
D．Why Does Wi－Fi Matter
Ⅱ.完形填空
Many people tend to bring electronic products when travelling, including me.Last year I just __5__ my summer vacation by bringing along my iPad.Instead of looking at nature, I __6__ my e－mail.Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading __7__ newspapers each morning.And that was the __8__： I was acting as if I was still in the office.My body was on vacation but my mind wasn't.
So this year I made up my mind to try something __9__： getting away from the Internet.I knew it wouldn't be easy, since I'm not good at self－control.But I was __10__.So I began to take action by handing the iPad to my wife.Then, a stroke of luck: The mobile phone __11__ at our cabin was worse than that in the past.I was trapped in a small circle and __12__ to carry out my plan.Largely __13__ from e－mail and my favorite newspaper websites, I had few ways to __14__ to the world.Therefore, I had no __15__ but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.
With determination and the strong __16__ of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle against the Internet.I finally realized that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the __17__.
As I return to work, a test begins: Can I __18__ when I'm back at work I have no intention of giving up my iPad __19__.But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑) to use it every five minutes.
5．A.ruined B．spent
C．arranged D．celebrated
6．A.received B．selected
C．checked D．removed
7．A.online B．informal
C．local D．traditional
8．A.dilemma B．problem
C．solution D．conflict
9．A.attractive B．logical
C．magical D．different
10．A.excited B．shocked
C．determined D．frightened
11．A.quality B．design
C．signal D．technology
12．A.encouraged B．persuaded
C．inspired D．forced
13．A.taken out B．pulled down
C．cut off D．carried away
14．A.return B．connect
C．react D．contribute
15．A.method B．goal
C．trick D．choice
16．A.support B．admiration
C．rejection D．influence
17．A.puzzle B．sign
C．evidence D．key
18．A.survive B．change
C．escape D．continue
19．A.deliberately B．completely
C．personally D．actually
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①download □ ②household □
③helpful □ ④advanced □
⑤convenient □ ⑥technology □
⑦development □ ⑧system □
⑨promising □ ⑩replace □
analyse □ observe □
value □ concern □
breakthrough □ exploration □
solution □ simplify □
engineer □ invent □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
system, replace, value, concern, download, breakthrough, technology, simplify
1．Users can ______ their material to a desktop PC back in the office.
2．With the coming of modern _______many jobs were lost.
3．The present ______ of funding for higher education is unsatisfactory.
4．Our aim is to ______ the complex social security system.
5．The scientists are trying their best to have a ______ in cancer research.
6．The house now has a market ______ of one million pounds.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The e－nose is ______ (help) in killing harmful insects.
2．The main problem to ______ (develop) is the country's large population.
3．The newspapers described her as a ______ (promise) young singer.
4．The patient was kept under ______ (observe) all night.
5．The ______ (invent) of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
6．Although he has sought to find a peaceful ______ (solve), he is facing pressure to use greater military force.
7．In the final ______ (analyse) I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.
8．The course is suitable for beginners and ______ (advance) students.10 / 10
必修三 UNIT 4 课时作业（一）
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·德州质检)With fingers and wrists wrapped in medicated tape, Zhang Guimei, founder and principal of the first free high school for girls in China, was presented with the July 1st Medal on Tuesday.
Zhang met her husband in Dali and worked as a teacher in a local school.Unfortunately, her husband died of cancer not long after their marriage.Sadly, Zhang decided to leave this familiar place.Therefore, she volunteered to teach at a middle school in Huaping, a poverty－stricken county located in the mountains.
Over time, Zhang witnessed the gender gap in education in relatively poor rural areas.Urban and rural students already faced unequal access to quality education, and the traditional belief of male superiority worsened rural girls' situation.She discovered many girls were pulled out of class for many reasons just before the college entrance exam.
In 2002, Zhang came up with an idea to found a free high school for girls.In 2008, with help from the Party and the local government and personal donations, she founded the Huaping All－Girls High School.With the goal of never letting a girl fall behind in schooling, she often works overtime despite of illnesses.She has walked to almost every household deep in the mountains, talking to the parents about the importance of education for girls.
The efforts paid off.Over the past 13 years, her school has sent 1,800 girls to university.“A cultured, responsible mother won't let her daughter drop out of school，” Zhang said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了全国第一所免费女子高中的创始人兼校长张桂梅的事迹。
1．What probably made Zhang Guimei decide to leave the local school in Dali
A．Her loss of husband.
B．Her desire for exploration.
C．Her love for teaching.
D．Her eagerness for adventure.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, her husband died of cancer ... Sadly, Zhang decided to leave this familiar place.”可知，失去丈夫让张桂梅决定离开大理的当地学校。
2．What can we learn about the Huaping All－Girls High School
A．It was founded in 2002.
B．It accepts both boys and girls.
C．It was founded with the help of the local government.
D．It aimed to narrow down the gender inequality in education.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段首句及第四段首句可知，华坪女子高中旨在缩小教育中的性别不平等。
3．Which of the following words can best describe Zhang Guimei
A．Determined. B．Pessimistic.
C．Economical. D．Outspoken.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，张桂梅2002年提出建立华坪女子高中的想法，直到2008年才得以建成，她几乎访遍每家每户，讲述女孩接受教育的重要性，所以她是一个有决心的人。
4．What's the main idea of the text
A．A free high school for girls was successfully set up.
B．A woman with illnesses faces ups and downs in life.
C．The gender gap in education in rural China is bridged.
D．A woman's devotion to girls' education finally paid off.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了全国第一所免费女子高中的创始人兼校长张桂梅的事迹，她致力于缩小贫困地区教育中的性别差距，最终取得了成效，故D项能够总结本文大意。
B
(2023·龙岩模拟)What kind of people can become scientists When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth－ and 10th－graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science”．
Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I'm not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well”. It's easy for them to see a scientist's work as arising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science.Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students' beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday.Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually”， such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them.Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support.Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post－intervention, relative to students in the control group.The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science－class performance than low－performing students who read achievement stories.In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists.By identifying a scientist's struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize (共情) with the scientists during their own struggles.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究说明了了解关于科学家的奋斗故事可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学。
5．Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists
A．They lack interest in science.
B．They don't possess inborn talent.
C．They are short of confidence.
D．They have no ability to study science.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，有些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们在科学这一方面缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。
6．What's the purpose of the intervention
A．To introduce some inspirational stories to students.
B．To expose students to scientists' great achievements.
C．To ensure students will become scientists in the future.
D．To clear students' misunderstandings of scientific work.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们是如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以改变学生对于“科学家工作”的误解。
7．The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．delicate B．permanent
C．doubtful D．apparent
解析：选D 词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的意思可知，“干预”对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“The effect was especially pronounced”表示“效果显著”，故pronounced与D项“apparent(显而易见的)”含义相似。
8．What can we learn from the research
A．Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B．Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C．Scientists' struggle stories can influence readers' beliefs.
D．Low－performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，学生们使得自己在奋斗过程中能够产生与科学家的共鸣，从而能够改变之前的对于科学家工作的误解。由此可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack发邮件称其想要了解中国的科学家。请你给他回一封邮件，向他介绍科学家屠呦呦，内容包括：
1．屠呦呦简介(2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖；发现了青蒿素，为人类防治疟疾做出了巨大贡献等)；
2．她对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Jack，
I'm glad to know that you are interested in Chinese great scientists.I'll introduce to you my favourite scientist, Tu Youyou.
Tu Youyou devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria.In 2015, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin, which is the key to the treatment of malaria.Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks, but never did she give up.Inspired by her story, I decided to study harder so as to realize my dream.
I hope her story can also have a positive effect on you.
Yours,
Li Hua
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①plain □ ②modest □
③diligent □ ④magic □
⑤elegant □ ⑥sensitive □
⑦reliable □ ⑧fame □
⑨pale □ ⑩distinction □
intelligence □ masterpiece □
humorous □ talented □
brilliant □ creativity □
virtue □ flexible □
thoughtful/considerate □ dignity □
(二)主题词汇训练
选词填空(有两词多余)
magic， plain， sensitive， creativity， thoughtful/considerate， fame， modest， pale，reliable)
1．It was a plain,_grey stone house without any decoration.
2．Though she attended him carefully, the boy grew more and more weak and pale and depressed.
3．The salesgirl is always polite and thoughtful/considerate to her customers, which earns her a good reputation.
4．Fleming remained modest about the amazing outcome of his discovery.
5．Not long ago, a girl called Daisy took a magic trip around the world.
6．Winning the Olympic title has not just brought her fame but also fortune.
7．My teeth are really sensitive to hotness and coldness.
课时作业(二)
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·辽宁重点高中联考)For his 86th birthday, Cheng Xiangwen enjoyed a corn－shaped cake his colleagues had prepared for him.“My birthday wish is to develop better corn varieties，” he says.After the celebration, he began another journey to Sanya, in South China's Hainan Province, where he has worked most of his life.Cheng is a scientist in agriculture and spends most of his life studying and cultivating (栽培) corn.He visits Sanya in November every year and stays there for six months to cultivate corn.
Once, when he was conducting a field survey, a female farmer said to him in tears, “You graduated from college.Could you please find a way to increase the corn output here If the yields (产量) are higher, our children will no longer suffer from hunger.” Since then, Cheng has made developing high－yield corn varieties his life's mission.
In 1964, he came to Hainan, where it was warmer, and started his work there.He greatly shortened the cultivation period and created hybrid corn varieties for the first time.With these new varieties, farmers in Xunxian County saw their average corn output was more than 3,750kg per hectare per year.
Despite the beautiful coastline, the environment where Cheng works used to be troubled by poverty and poor traffic.Locals once described the area as having a large number of rats, mosquitoes, and poisonous snakes.At that time, he did everything on his own.He lived in a local villager's house and he frequently went to the mountains to chop firewood to cook.His hard work, however, has paid off.Now, authorities have approved 14 new, high－yield corn varieties Cheng helped develop.
Cheng is dedicated to developing high－yield corn varieties with stronger resistance and they are easier to harvest with machines.He still goes to the fields each day and observes and records the corn plants.“Cultivating seeds is like raising kids.Only by careful parenting can you become familiar with their strengths and weaknesses and help them to grow up healthily，” he says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了农业科学家程相文用毕生的精力培育出杂交玉米，并且研发出14种高产的玉米新品种的故事。
1．What can we infer about Cheng according to Paragraph 1
A．He was born in Hainan Province.
B．He works in Sanya for less than half a year.
C．He rested for a long time after his birthday.
D．He wants to develop higher－yield corn varieties.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“My birthday wish is to develop better corn varieties”可知，程相文想要培育出高产的玉米品种。
2．In which paragraph can we know the cause of Cheng's life's mission
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2.
C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在程相文做实地调查时，一位农民的诉求让他从那时起把培育高产玉米品种当成毕生的事业。
3．What kind of difficulty did Cheng meet with in Hainan
A．Unbearable hot weather.
B．Building a house without help.
C．Living on poisonous creatures.
D．The terrible living conditions and surroundings.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，程相文当时在海南的生活环境和生活条件很差。
4．Which of the following can best describe Cheng
A．Hard－working and determined.
B．Calm and caring.
C．Fair and sympathetic.
D．Kind and generous.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，程相文是一位认真敬业、不畏艰难且意志坚定的科学家。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2023·沈阳质检)
Lighthouse Planning
Goal setting is an important part of staying active, focused and excited about the future. __5__
Some goals in our life are clear, simple and easy.For example, to make a home－made dinner every Sunday is such a type of goal for me.To achieve it, I only need to create a list of supplies to buy and set aside time according to my schedule.
__6__ In terms of these goals, I love the idea of “lighthouse planning”．In this technique, we reach a goal by imagining it as a lighthouse in the distance.It's dark as we get in our boats and we don't know exactly how we're going to get to that bright destination.But our lighthouse never stops flashing in the distance and it is never entirely out of sight. __7__
Now think about your lighthouse and identify it. __8__ For example, you might set your goal as “I want to become more creative”．Identifying your lighthouse is a way to start your journey with big purposes.
But if you look around and realize that your lighthouse is getting farther away rather than closer, you should redirect your path to your lighthouse. __9__ If you've ever rowed a boat, you know there can be headwinds and storms along your journey.In that case, focus on the next spot on the horizon instead of powering through all the way to the end.
A．Just give it a try.
B．Don't wear yourself out.
C．We can make a plan that will get us there.
D．A lighthouse－like goal is something broader.
E．So we start rowing in the direction of the light.
F．However, some goals in our life are bigger and more challenging.
G．Having goals and keeping moving to them are part of walking a positive path.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过“灯塔计划”，人们可以根据自己的实际情况调整计划，以更好地实现人生目标。
5．解析：选G 根据空处上句可知，设定目标能对未来保持积极、专注和兴奋。故G项“设定目标、朝着目标奋进是走在积极道路上的一部分”承接上文，符合语境。
6．解析：选F 通读第二段可知，该段主要介绍生活中明确的、简单的、容易实现的目标；空处下句提到实现这种目标需要制订“灯塔计划”。故F项“然而，在我们的人生中一些目标更远大、更具有挑战性”承上启下，符合语境。
7．解析：选E 根据空处上句可知，灯塔在远处不停地闪烁，它从来不会离开我们的视线。故E项“所以我们开始朝着光亮的地方划船前进”承接上文，符合语境。
8．解析：选D 根据空处上句可知，该处提醒我们应思考并确定灯塔目标；根据空后的“Identifying your lighthouse ...big purposes.”可知，确定灯塔目标是开启伟大目标之旅的一种方式。故D项“灯塔目标更为广大”承上启下，符合语境。
9．解析：选B 根据空后内容再结合上文介绍的“如果目标离你更远而不是更近时，要改变方向”可知，B项“不要把自己累坏了”承上启下，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023·东北育才学校模拟)Born in China in 1911, Qian Xuesen majored in railroad engineering at Jiaotong University in Shanghai but switched to aeronautics (航空学) in 1935__1__ he came to the United States to pursue graduate studies.
He __2__ (earn) a master's degree in 1936 from MIT and then a PhD in 1939.Shortly thereafter, he worked in America and played a contributing role in the American space program.In 1950, __3__(he) request to return to China was denied.Eventually, he left with his family for China in 1955 as a result of diplomatic negotiations in Geneva.Upon his return to China, Qian __4__(appoint) as director of the Institute of Mechanics in the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he helped China conduct the first test of an atomic (原子的) bomb__5__(deliver) by a medium range missile in 1966.He furthermore contributed __6__ China's launching its first satellite in 1970.
In his later years, Qian was also credited in China for providing critical support of the human space flight program when it faced cutbacks.He was __7__ (especial) influential in his __8__ (promote) of systems engineering in aerospace (航天航空) projects and other __9__ (area) until his death in 2009.Qian is regarded as __10__ pioneering and foundational figure in the history of China's space program.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了钱学森的求学历程和对国家航空事业的贡献。
1．when 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是“1935”，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
2．earned 考查动词的时态。根据空后的“in 1936”可知，应用一般过去时。
3．his 考查代词。空处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词request，故填his。
4．was appointed 考查动词的时态和语态。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语Qian与appoint之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填was appointed。
5．delivered 考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语，且bomb与deliver之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
6．to 考查介词。固定短语contribute to表示“对……做出贡献”。
7．especially 考查副词。空处应填副词especially在句中作状语，修饰形容词influential。
8．promotion 考查名词。根据空前的“his”及句意可知，此处应填不可数名词promotion，表示“推动”。
9．areas 考查名词复数。other后接可数名词复数，故填areas，表示“领域”。
10．a 考查冠词。此处泛指“中国航天发展史上的一位先驱和奠基人”，故用不定冠词，且pioneering以辅音音素开头，故填a。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①physicist □ ②qualification □
③undertake □ ④determined □
⑤chemist □ ⑥qualify □
⑦charge □ ⑧confident □
⑨biologist □ ⑩invent □
establish □ strong－willed □
inventor □ courage □
inspiration □ cautious □
certificate □ responsibility □
potential □ practical □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
chemist， invent， charge， confident， qualify， establish， practical， courage，responsibility
1．At first he refused to take any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.
2．All forms of recreations will be provided free of charge by the city.
3．The Chinese chemist Tu Youyou is honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her contribution in treating malaria.
4．So far China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers.
5．Having suffered such a heavy loss, the boss didn't have the courage to go on with his business.
6．Many employers served a cup of tea to their workers in the middle of the morning, thus inventing a lasting British institution, the “tea break”．
7．He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We are advised to be cautious about/of making friends on the Internet.
2．Dressed in her favorite skirt, she seemed to be more confident (confidence)．
3．To be an inventor (invent), one needs profound knowledge as well as a very vivid imagination.
4．To be a qualified (qualify) volunteer, I have had myself fully prepared.
5．Since his graduation, he has turned many disadvantages into advantages for his being determined (determine) and even stubborn.10 / 10
必修三 UNIT 4 课时作业（一）
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·德州质检)With fingers and wrists wrapped in medicated tape, Zhang Guimei, founder and principal of the first free high school for girls in China, was presented with the July 1st Medal on Tuesday.
Zhang met her husband in Dali and worked as a teacher in a local school.Unfortunately, her husband died of cancer not long after their marriage.Sadly, Zhang decided to leave this familiar place.Therefore, she volunteered to teach at a middle school in Huaping, a poverty－stricken county located in the mountains.
Over time, Zhang witnessed the gender gap in education in relatively poor rural areas.Urban and rural students already faced unequal access to quality education, and the traditional belief of male superiority worsened rural girls' situation.She discovered many girls were pulled out of class for many reasons just before the college entrance exam.
In 2002, Zhang came up with an idea to found a free high school for girls.In 2008, with help from the Party and the local government and personal donations, she founded the Huaping All－Girls High School.With the goal of never letting a girl fall behind in schooling, she often works overtime despite of illnesses.She has walked to almost every household deep in the mountains, talking to the parents about the importance of education for girls.
The efforts paid off.Over the past 13 years, her school has sent 1,800 girls to university.“A cultured, responsible mother won't let her daughter drop out of school，” Zhang said.
1．What probably made Zhang Guimei decide to leave the local school in Dali
A．Her loss of husband.
B．Her desire for exploration.
C．Her love for teaching.
D．Her eagerness for adventure.
2．What can we learn about the Huaping All－Girls High School
A．It was founded in 2002.
B．It accepts both boys and girls.
C．It was founded with the help of the local government.
D．It aimed to narrow down the gender inequality in education.
3．Which of the following words can best describe Zhang Guimei
A．Determined. B．Pessimistic.
C．Economical. D．Outspoken.
4．What's the main idea of the text
A．A free high school for girls was successfully set up.
B．A woman with illnesses faces ups and downs in life.
C．The gender gap in education in rural China is bridged.
D．A woman's devotion to girls' education finally paid off.
B
(2023·龙岩模拟)What kind of people can become scientists When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth－ and 10th－graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science”．
Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I'm not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well”. It's easy for them to see a scientist's work as arising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science.Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students' beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday.Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually”， such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them.Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support.Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post－intervention, relative to students in the control group.The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science－class performance than low－performing students who read achievement stories.In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists.By identifying a scientist's struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize (共情) with the scientists during their own struggles.
5．Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists
A．They lack interest in science.
B．They don't possess inborn talent.
C．They are short of confidence.
D．They have no ability to study science.
6．What's the purpose of the intervention
A．To introduce some inspirational stories to students.
B．To expose students to scientists' great achievements.
C．To ensure students will become scientists in the future.
D．To clear students' misunderstandings of scientific work.
7．The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．delicate B．permanent
C．doubtful D．apparent
8．What can we learn from the research
A．Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B．Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C．Scientists' struggle stories can influence readers' beliefs.
D．Low－performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack发邮件称其想要了解中国的科学家。请你给他回一封邮件，向他介绍科学家屠呦呦，内容包括：
1．屠呦呦简介(2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖；发现了青蒿素，为人类防治疟疾做出了巨大贡献等)；
2．她对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①plain □ ②modest □
③diligent □ ④magic □
⑤elegant □ ⑥sensitive □
⑦reliable □ ⑧fame □
⑨pale □ ⑩distinction □
intelligence □ masterpiece □
humorous □ talented □
brilliant □ creativity □
virtue □ flexible □
thoughtful/considerate □ dignity □
(二)主题词汇训练
选词填空(有两词多余)
magic， plain， sensitive， creativity， thoughtful/considerate， fame， modest， pale，reliable)
1．It was a _______grey stone house without any decoration.
2．Though she attended him carefully, the boy grew more and more weak and ______ and depressed.
3．The salesgirl is always polite and ______ to her customers, which earns her a good reputation.
4．Fleming remained ______ about the amazing outcome of his discovery.
5．Not long ago, a girl called Daisy took a ______ trip around the world.
6．Winning the Olympic title has not just brought her ______ but also fortune.
7．My teeth are really ______ to hotness and coldness.
课时作业(二)
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·辽宁重点高中联考)For his 86th birthday, Cheng Xiangwen enjoyed a corn－shaped cake his colleagues had prepared for him.“My birthday wish is to develop better corn varieties，” he says.After the celebration, he began another journey to Sanya, in South China's Hainan Province, where he has worked most of his life.Cheng is a scientist in agriculture and spends most of his life studying and cultivating (栽培) corn.He visits Sanya in November every year and stays there for six months to cultivate corn.
Once, when he was conducting a field survey, a female farmer said to him in tears, “You graduated from college.Could you please find a way to increase the corn output here If the yields (产量) are higher, our children will no longer suffer from hunger.” Since then, Cheng has made developing high－yield corn varieties his life's mission.
In 1964, he came to Hainan, where it was warmer, and started his work there.He greatly shortened the cultivation period and created hybrid corn varieties for the first time.With these new varieties, farmers in Xunxian County saw their average corn output was more than 3,750kg per hectare per year.
Despite the beautiful coastline, the environment where Cheng works used to be troubled by poverty and poor traffic.Locals once described the area as having a large number of rats, mosquitoes, and poisonous snakes.At that time, he did everything on his own.He lived in a local villager's house and he frequently went to the mountains to chop firewood to cook.His hard work, however, has paid off.Now, authorities have approved 14 new, high－yield corn varieties Cheng helped develop.
Cheng is dedicated to developing high－yield corn varieties with stronger resistance and they are easier to harvest with machines.He still goes to the fields each day and observes and records the corn plants.“Cultivating seeds is like raising kids.Only by careful parenting can you become familiar with their strengths and weaknesses and help them to grow up healthily，” he says.
1．What can we infer about Cheng according to Paragraph 1
A．He was born in Hainan Province.
B．He works in Sanya for less than half a year.
C．He rested for a long time after his birthday.
D．He wants to develop higher－yield corn varieties.
2．In which paragraph can we know the cause of Cheng's life's mission
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2.
C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
3．What kind of difficulty did Cheng meet with in Hainan
A．Unbearable hot weather.
B．Building a house without help.
C．Living on poisonous creatures.
D．The terrible living conditions and surroundings.
4．Which of the following can best describe Cheng
A．Hard－working and determined.
B．Calm and caring.
C．Fair and sympathetic.
D．Kind and generous.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2023·沈阳质检)
Lighthouse Planning
Goal setting is an important part of staying active, focused and excited about the future. __5__
Some goals in our life are clear, simple and easy.For example, to make a home－made dinner every Sunday is such a type of goal for me.To achieve it, I only need to create a list of supplies to buy and set aside time according to my schedule.
__6__ In terms of these goals, I love the idea of “lighthouse planning”．In this technique, we reach a goal by imagining it as a lighthouse in the distance.It's dark as we get in our boats and we don't know exactly how we're going to get to that bright destination.But our lighthouse never stops flashing in the distance and it is never entirely out of sight. __7__
Now think about your lighthouse and identify it. __8__ For example, you might set your goal as “I want to become more creative”．Identifying your lighthouse is a way to start your journey with big purposes.
But if you look around and realize that your lighthouse is getting farther away rather than closer, you should redirect your path to your lighthouse. __9__ If you've ever rowed a boat, you know there can be headwinds and storms along your journey.In that case, focus on the next spot on the horizon instead of powering through all the way to the end.
A．Just give it a try.
B．Don't wear yourself out.
C．We can make a plan that will get us there.
D．A lighthouse－like goal is something broader.
E．So we start rowing in the direction of the light.
F．However, some goals in our life are bigger and more challenging.
G．Having goals and keeping moving to them are part of walking a positive path.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023·东北育才学校模拟)Born in China in 1911, Qian Xuesen majored in railroad engineering at Jiaotong University in Shanghai but switched to aeronautics (航空学) in 1935__1__ he came to the United States to pursue graduate studies.
He __2__ (earn) a master's degree in 1936 from MIT and then a PhD in 1939.Shortly thereafter, he worked in America and played a contributing role in the American space program.In 1950, __3__(he) request to return to China was denied.Eventually, he left with his family for China in 1955 as a result of diplomatic negotiations in Geneva.Upon his return to China, Qian __4__(appoint) as director of the Institute of Mechanics in the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he helped China conduct the first test of an atomic (原子的) bomb__5__(deliver) by a medium range missile in 1966.He furthermore contributed __6__ China's launching its first satellite in 1970.
In his later years, Qian was also credited in China for providing critical support of the human space flight program when it faced cutbacks.He was __7__ (especial) influential in his __8__ (promote) of systems engineering in aerospace (航天航空) projects and other __9__ (area) until his death in 2009.Qian is regarded as __10__ pioneering and foundational figure in the history of China's space program.
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①physicist □ ②qualification □
③undertake □ ④determined □
⑤chemist □ ⑥qualify □
⑦charge □ ⑧confident □
⑨biologist □ ⑩invent □
establish □ strong－willed □
inventor □ courage □
inspiration □ cautious □
certificate □ responsibility □
potential □ practical □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
chemist， invent， charge， confident， qualify， establish， practical， courage，responsibility
1．At first he refused to take any ______ but he ended up apologizing.
2．All forms of recreations will be provided free of ______ by the city.
3．The Chinese ______ Tu Youyou is honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her contribution in treating malaria.
4．So far China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by ______ Chinese Cultural Centers.
5．Having suffered such a heavy loss, the boss didn't have the ______ to go on with his business.
6．Many employers served a cup of tea to their workers in the middle of the morning, thus ______ a lasting British institution, the “tea break”．
7．He's been informed that he doesn't ______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We are advised to be cautious ______ making friends on the Internet.
2．Dressed in her favorite skirt, she seemed to be more ______ (confidence)．
3．To be an ______ (invent), one needs profound knowledge as well as a very vivid imagination.
4．To be a ______ (qualify) volunteer, I have had myself fully prepared.
5．Since his graduation, he has turned many disadvantages into advantages for his being ______ (determine) and even stubborn.
