Unit 4 using language 测试题 新外研必修一 (含答案与解析)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
book 1 unit 4 using language 测试题
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Green without whose __________ (generous) my company couldn’t have been set up.
2．Alice is my friend __________ has a talent in drawing.
3．I will never forget the days ________ we spent on that beautiful island together.
4．The Confucius Institute offers courses for learners ___________ native language is not Chinese.
5．Located off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure __________ is made by living organisms.
6．She said she would do anything ________ could help her mother recover from the disease.
7．In the opening ceremony, we heard ________(inspire) talks which lifted our spirits.
8．We should do all ________ is useful to people.
9．We do the same work ________ they do.
10．He talked about the classmates and the school ________ he had visited.
二、阅读理解
A
It is said that most people have not more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400 over the whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have about 150 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations.
Also, there are no rules about friendship. There are no instructions about how to make friends, how to keep friendships going, and how to finish friendships if we want to move on. People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends and they value them more than family. Others say that friends are temporary, only there to help each other until they are no longer needed. If people with such different views become friends, this can lead to problems.
Because of these different definitions of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about our friendships. We may want them to be deeper or closer, or we may want to have more friends in our lives. Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our friendships, or we fear we have left it too late in life to start. If we move to another country or city, we have to find ways to make new friends again.
This dissatisfaction shows us how important friendships are for most of us. We should not think that it could be too late to build friendships. We also need to understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by many. Therefore, we should not be too frightened about starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely that they too would like to get closer to us. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet.
11．In Para.1, the numbers are used to _______.
A．show the ways of making friends
B．introduce the topic
C．explain the reason
D．persuade readers to make more friends
12．What is the main idea of Para. 2
A．There is a rule about making friends.
B．People with different views can become friends.
C．Friendships mean different things to different people.
D．Some people would die for their friends if they need to.
13．According to Para.3, sometimes people are afraid that _______.
A．they spend too much money with friends
B．they are too old to make friends
C．they have too many friends
D．they spend too much time with friends
14．We can learn from the passage that most of us _______.
A．need to have friends B．build friendships late in life
C．are dissatisfied with our friends D．are frightened to talk to people
15．What is the author’s attitude towards talking to a stranger
A．Uninterested. B．Cautious.
C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
B
Your math teacher wears clothes made in 1985 and always mispronounces your name. Your English teacher loves to start classes with quick quizzes. It can be hard to think of these givers of grades as real people. But they eat pizza, watch movies and enjoy sports on weekends, just like you. So how can you get along well with your teachers
You can do a lot of things to develop a good relationship with your teacher. First, do the obvious things: Show up in class on time with all tasks completed. Stay focused, be respectful and ask questions. Second, show an interest in the subject. Obviously, your teachers are really interested in their subjects, or they wouldn’t have decided to teach them! Show the teacher that you care about the subject—even if you’re not a math talent or fluent in French—and send the message that you are a hard-working student.
You can also schedule a private meeting in a teacher’s free time. Use this time to get extra help, ask questions, ask for information about a career (职业) in the subject or talk about your progress in class. You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is a bit more relaxed when only facing you than when teaching in front of the whole class.
What if you just don’t like the teacher When it comes to working with teachers, one’s characteristics can come into play just as they can in any other relationships. People just naturally get along better with some people than with others; it’s impossible to like everyone all the time. Learning to work with people you don’t like is a good interpersonal (人际的) skill to have in life, no matter what your goals are.
Teachers are there for more than just homework; they know about more than their subject matters. They can help you learn how to behave as an adult and lifelong learner. Undoubtedly, there will be a few teachers along the way who you’ll always remember—and who might change your life forever.
16．How can students develop a good relationship with their teachers
A．By learning as many subjects as possible.
B．By respecting other students in class.
C．By finishing their homework on time.
D．By developing personal interests.
17．What is important when working with teachers you don’t like
A．Your characteristics.
B．Your interpersonal skills.
C．Your career goals.
D．Your grades in exams.
18．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Teachers can help you grow up.
B．Teachers are all lifelong learners.
C．Teachers should set enough homework.
D．Teachers tend to change you completely.
三、七选五
It is enjoyable to have your room organized. If you share a bedroom with your family member, perhaps you can sort through it together. 19 Here’s how to get started.
Consider the benefits.
Treat your belongings with respect. You want to enjoy the items you love without tripping over them or being unable to find them. 20 . For example, rediscovering an old treasure you’d forgotten about would be exciting.
Start small.
You don’t have to organize your room in one day. 21 Instead, focus on one small area. This could be your desktop where books have started to pile up. Or maybe it’s a drawer that is filled with notebooks and photos. Sort things into three piles: “keep”, “donate” and “recycled or thrown away”.
22
Now look through the “keep” items. Find some baskets, boxes, or other containers to store similar items together. Put the containers on shelves or in drawers near where you typically use them. For example, a jar on your desk could store art supplies, pens, and pencils.
Sort through the rest.
Ask an adult to help you go through your “donate” pile and your “recycled or thrown away” pile. They can help you decide how to deal with them. For example, you may have a neighbor with a younger child who might like to have the clothes, books and toys you’ve outgrown. 23
A．Identify new organizing areas.
B．Throw away the useless items.
C．That could make you feel worn out.
D．Think about what you’ll gain by tidying up.
E．But just sorting out your own area of the room can be rewarding.
F．Indeed, sharing room with others requires patience and understanding.
G．Many communities also have social media groups where you can give away items.
四、完形填空
Do you have a best friend at work A person once said, “Relationships 24 more than work. Years from now, you will forget the 25 of the work you have done, but you will still 26 the people and the relationships you built.”
We hear a lot about this and it’s true. We spend more time with our co-workers than our families. Getting along well with workmates is the 27 to our success in the job.
Gallup, our employee engagement survey provider, has been asking us to 28 “Do you have a good friend at work ” for 30 years. He has discovered a strong 29 between having a good friend at work and performance on the job.
I’ve worked with a lot of people over my career. The most 30 achievements, when I looked back, were made with 31 that I felt a strong social connection with. We not only worked as a team but also spent our spare time 32 with each other and caring about each other’s daily life. I do believe that our success 33 strong social connections at work.
I’ve been through a lot with many people I would 34 my best friends at work. We’ve celebrated our 35 of the work, promotions(升职) and retirements(退休) together. We have supported each other through marriages, births, illnesses and even deaths.
Good relationships and a sense of 36 are part of work culture that we shouldn’t ignore. 37 , I have been working with amazing people over the years. Can you imagine going to a 38 every day where there is no fun or friendship
24．A．grow B．matter C．increase D．last
25．A．schedules B．worries C．errors D．details
26．A．believe B．remember C．miss D．understand
27．A．key B．clue C．response D．attitude
28．A．determine B．observe C．reflect D．rate
29．A．connection B．interest C．gap D．trend
30．A．effective B．memorable C．qualified D．professional
31．A．classmates B．teams C．committees D．families
32．A．mixing B．competing C．arguing D．chatting
33．A．comes across B．sticks to C．lies in D．takes up
34．A．consider B．replace C．attract D．acquire
35．A．tasks B．challenges C．pressure D．progress
36．A．humor B．direction C．belonging D．pride
37．A．Finally B．Luckily C．Hopefully D．Particularly
38．A．city B．campus C．stage D．workplace
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Chen Guanghui is a guardian for black-necked cranes in the Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve of Zhaotong city, Yunnan Province. 39 (live) near the reserve, Chen started looking after the cranes in 2003, 40 task she took over from her mother.
“I remembered they ran away the instant I approached them. I tried everything, even singing folk songs 41 (attract) them, but failed. Later, I used special whistles and gradually formed a close bond with them.” says Chen. “I treat them as my children, especially during snowy days 42 they can’t get food. I feel 43 (comfortable) and anxious when I hear them chirp (吱喳叫) and usually rush to prepare corn for them.” It’s never been an easy job, and Chen has sustained quite a few 44 (injury) over the years, even falling into frozen marsh (沼泽) while trying to save a 45 (trap) crane in 2008. 46 , she never gave up. With love and responsibility, she bas persisted in caring for the cranes for about 20 years.
Thanks 47 the joint protection efforts of Chen and staff members, now more than 1,900 black-necked cranes overwinter (过冬) in the area every year, up from about 300 when the nature reserve 48 (establish).
参考答案：
1．generosity
【详解】考查名词。句意：我要向格林先生表示感谢，没有他的慷慨，我的公司就不可能成立。关系代词whose作定语，意为“……的”，其后需接名词；generous对应的名词为generosity“慷慨，大方”，不可数名词。故填generosity。
2．who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：爱丽丝是我有绘画天赋的朋友。空处引导限制性定语从句，句中先行词为friend，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。根据句意，故填who/that。
3．which/that/不填
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们一起在那个美丽的岛上度过的日子。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是days，关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语，应用关系代词which或that，关系词也可省略，故填which/that/不填。
4．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孔子学院为母语不是汉语的学生提供课程。空格处引导定语从句，句中先行词为learners，空格处在定语从句中作名词native language的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。根据句意，故填whose。
5．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大堡礁位于澳大利亚海岸外，是由生物构成的最大的结构。句中先行词为structure ，且被最高级形容词修饰，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that引导。根据句意，故填that。
6．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她说她会做任何能帮助母亲从疾病中恢复的事情。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是不定代词anything，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以应使用关系代词that引导，故填that。
7．inspiring
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在开幕式上，我们听到了鼓舞人心的演讲，振奋了我们的精神。修饰名词talks用形容词inspiring“鼓舞人心的”，表示事物的特征，用ing形式形容词作定语，故填inspiring。
8．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们应该做所有对人民有用的事情。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为不定代词all，关系词在从句中作主语，只能使用关系代词that引导。故填that。
9．as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们和他们做同样的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词work。定语从句中缺少宾语，而且先行词前面有the same修饰，所以用关系代词as引导定语从句。故填as。
10．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他谈到了他的同学和他参观过的学校。分析句子，设空处引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the classmates和the school。当先行词既有人又有物时，引导词用that。故填that。
11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了不同人们对友谊有不同的理解，友谊对我们大多数人来说是很重要的，所以对于友谊要持积极的态度。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations. (如果这些数字是正确的，那么友谊在不同的情况下意味着不同的理解)”可知，本段中的数字是用来介绍本文主题的。故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends and they value them more than family. Others say that friends are temporary, only there to help each other until they are no longer needed. (人们对此有不同的看法：有些人愿意为他们的朋友而死，他们把朋友看得比家人更重要。另一些人说，朋友是暂时的，只是在那里互相帮助，直到不再需要他们)”可知，本段主要讲述了不同的人对友谊有不同的理解。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our friendships, or we fear we have left it too late in life to start. (有时我们只是没有时间来发展我们的友谊，或者我们害怕我们在生活中已经太迟去开始新友谊了)”可知，有时人们害怕自己年纪太大而不能交到朋友。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We also need to understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by many. (我们还需要明白，与他人在一起的需求是许多人共同的需求)”可知，我们大多数人都需要有朋友。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore, we should not be too frightened about starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely that they too would like to get closer to us. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet. (因此，我们不应该太害怕开始与未来可能成为我们朋友的人交谈：很可能他们也愿意与我们更亲近。记住人们说的话：陌生人是我们还没遇见的朋友)”可知，作者对与陌生人交谈持积极的态度。故选D项。
16．C 17．B 18．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了构建良好师生关系的方法。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“First, do the obvious things: Show up in class on time with all tasks completed.(首先，做一些显而易见的事情:按时上课并完成所有任务。)”可知，学生应该通过按时完成作业来发展良好的师生关系。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Learning to work with people you don’t like is a good interpersonal skill to have in life, no matter what your goals are.(无论你的目标是什么，学会和你不喜欢的人一起工作是一项很好的人际交往技能。)”可知，与你不喜欢的人一起工作时，你需要的就是你的人际交往能力。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“They can help you learn how to behave as an adult and lifelong learner(他们可以帮助你学习如何表现得像一个成年人和终身学习者)”可知，老师帮助我们成长为一个(合格的)成年人和终身的学习者。故选A。
19．F 20．D 21．C 22．A 23．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了整理房间的方法。
19．根据前文“If you share a bedroom with your family member, perhaps you can sort through it together.”（如果你和家人共用一间卧室，也许你们可以一起整理。）提到了和家人共用房间时，家人可以和你一起来整理你的房间。下文“Here’s how to get started.”（下面是如何开始。）提到了整理房间是有方法的。所以空处应承接前文，描述和人们共用房间也是有要求的。选项F.“的确，与他人分享房间需要耐心和理解。”选项中“sharing room”与前文“share a bedroom”相对应，符合题意，故选F。
20．根据段落标题“Consider the benefits.”（想想好处。）和前文“You want to enjoy the items you love without tripping over them or being unable to find them.”（你想要享受你喜欢的东西，而不是被它们绊倒或找不到它们。）说明要把自己喜欢的东西整理好。下文“For example, rediscovering an old treasure you’d forgotten about would be exciting.”（例如，重新发现一个你已经忘记的旧宝藏会很令人兴奋。）提到了整理东西带来的好处，所以空处应描述考虑整理房间会带来的好处的。选项D.“想想你会从整理中得到什么。”引领下文，符合题意，故选D。
21．根据前文“You don’t have to organize your room in one day. ”（你不需要在一天内整理你的房间。）可知，空处应该承接前文，讲述一天内整理完房间会带来什么结果。选项C.“这会让你感到疲惫。”代词that指代前文“organize your room in one day”，符合题意，故选C。
22．根据下文“Now look through the “keep” items. Find some baskets, boxes, or other containers to store similar items together. Put the containers on shelves or in drawers near where you typically use them. For example, a jar on your desk could store art supplies, pens, and pencils.”（现在查看“keep”项。找一些篮子、盒子或其他容器来存放类似的物品。把容器放在架子上或抽屉里，靠近你经常使用它们的地方。例如，桌子上的一个罐子可以储存美术用品、钢笔和铅笔。）提到了需要保留的物品的内容及放置的位置，所以本段应描述确定需要保留的内容和区域划分。选项A.“确定新的组织领域。”总结下文内容，符合题意，故选A。
23．根据前文“They can help you decide how to deal with them. For example, you may have a neighbor with a younger child who might like to have the clothes, books and toys you’ve outgrown. ”（他们可以帮助你决定如何处理这些问题。例如，你可能有一个邻居，他的孩子比你小，他可能想要你已经长大了的衣服、书和玩具。）讲述了对于你不需要的东西的处理方式，例如可以把小的衣服送给邻居。因此空处应该承接前文，讲述处理不需要的物品的其他的方法。选项G.“许多社区也有社交媒体群，你可以在那里捐赠物品。”描述了通过捐赠也可以处理自己不需要的物品，符合题意，故选G。
24．B 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．A 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章用自己的事例论述了人际关系在工作中的重要性。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人际关系比工作更重要。A. grow生长；B. matter事关紧要；C. increase增加；D. last持续。根据语境和后文“Getting along well with workmates is the 　　4　　 to our success in the job.”可知，人际关系比工作更重要。故选B项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，你会忘记你所做工作的细节，但你仍然会记得你所建立的人和关系。A. schedules日程安排；B. worries担忧；C. errors错误；D. details细节。根据前文“you will forget”及后文“of the work you have done”和“but you will still 　　3　　 the people and the relationships you built”并结合选项可知，此处指工作的细节。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，你会忘记你所做工作的细节，但你仍然会记得你所建立的人和关系。A. believe相信；B. remember记住；C. miss错过；D. understand理解。根据前文“you will forget the 　　2　　 of the work you have done”可知，此处指“记得”和前文forget对应。故选B项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与同事和睦相处是我们工作成功的关键。A. key钥匙，关键；B. clue线索；C. response答复，反应；D. attitude态度。根据后文“I do believe that our success 　　10　　 strong social connections at work.”可知，与同事搞好关系是成功的关键。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的员工敬业度调查提供商Gallup一直在要求我们认真思考“你在工作中有好朋友吗 ”都30年了。A. determine决定；B. observe观察；C. reflect反映，认真思考；D. rate评估。根据语境和后文“Do you have a good friend at work ”可知，应该认真思考这个问题。故选C项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他发现在工作中有一个好朋友和工作表现之间有很强的联系。A. connection联系；B. interest兴趣；C. gap缺口，差距；D. trend趋势。根据前文“Relationships 　　1　　 more than work.”和“Getting along well with workmates is the 　　4　　 to our success in the job.”可知，在工作中有好朋友和工作表现有密切关系。故选A项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我最难忘的成就，都是与我有密切社会联系的团队一起取得的。A. effective有效的；B. memorable值得纪念的，难忘的；C. qualified有资格的；D. professional专业的。根据语境和后文“achievements”及后文“when I looked back”可知，此处指“值得纪念的（难忘的）成就”。故选B项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我最难忘的成就，都是与我有密切社会联系的团队一起取得的。A. classmates同学；B. teams团队；C. committees委员会；D. families家庭。根据后文“We not only worked as a team”可知，作者觉得自己的成就是自己与团队一起取得的。故选B项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不仅是团队合作，还利用业余时间互相聊天，关心彼此的日常生活。A. mixing混合；B. competing竞争；C. arguing争论；D. chatting聊天。根据后文“caring about each other’s daily life”可知，他们利用业余时间聊天。故选D项。
33．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我相信我们的成功在于工作中强大的社会关系。A. comes across偶遇；B. sticks to坚持；C. lies in在于；D. takes up拿起，从事。根据前文“Getting along well with workmates is the 　　4　　 to our success in the job.”的分析可知，我们的成功在于工作中强大的社会关系。故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和很多我认为是工作中最好的朋友的人经历了很多。A. consider考虑；B. replace替换；C. attract吸引；D. acquire获得。根据后文“We’ve celebrated our 　　12　　 of the work, promotions(升职) and retirements(退休) together. We have supported each other through marriages, births, illnesses and even deaths.”可知，作者认为他们是工作中最好的朋友。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们一起庆祝工作的进步、晋升和退休。A. tasks任务；B. challenges挑战；C. pressure压力；D. progress进步。根据前文“celebrated”可知，他们庆祝的是工作的进步。故选D项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：良好的人际关系和归属感是工作文化的一部分，我们不应该忽视。A. humor幽默；B. direction方向；C. belonging附属品；D. pride骄傲。根据前文“We have supported each other through marriages, births, illnesses and even deaths. ”可知，作者与他们经历过很多事情，关系密切，相互理解支持，这会让人产生一种归属感。，a sense of belonging意为“归属感”。故选C项。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这些年来我一直在和了不起的人一起工作。A. Finally最后；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Hopefully有希望地；D. Particularly特别。根据后文“I have been working with amazing people over the years”可知，作者认为和了不起的人一起工作是幸运的。故选B项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你能想象每天去一个没有乐趣和友谊的工作场所吗？A. city城市；B. campus校园；C. stage舞台；D. workplace工作场所。根据语境和前文“I have been working with amazing people”可知，此处指“工作场所”。故选D项。
39．Living 40．a 41．to attract 42．when 43．uncomfortable 44．injuries 45．trapped 46．However 47．to 48．was established
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了陈光辉保护黑颈鹤的故事。
39．考查非谓语。句意：陈住在保护区附近，她从2003年开始照顾这些鹤，这是她从母亲那里接过的任务。空处在句中为状语，句子主语Chen与动词live为主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词living表示主动，处于句首，首字母大写。故填Living。
40．考查冠词。句意同上。task“任务”为可数名词，结合句意可知，这里讲述的是陈照顾黑颈鹤这件事，所以表示泛指，因此用不定冠词，task的首个因素为辅音，所以用a，故填a。
41．考查不定式。句意：我尝试了一切，甚至唱民歌来吸引他们，但都失败了。空处在句中表示唱歌的目的是来吸引黑颈鹤，所以此处用不定式表示目的，故填to attract。
42．考查定语从句。句意：我把它们当作自己的孩子，尤其是在下雪天它们找不到食物的时候。分析句子可知，“ they can’t get food”在句中为定语从句，先行词为“days”，在从句中作时间状语，所以空处用关系副词when，故填when。
43．考查形容词。句意：当我听到它们唧唧喳喳叫的时候，我就会感到不舒服和焦虑，通常会跑去给它们准备玉米。”分析句子可知，空处在句中为表语，结合“and anxious when I hear them chirp”可知，此处表示“不舒服”，与“anxious”并列，comfortable“舒服的”，其反义词为uncomfortable“不舒服”，故填uncomfortable。
44．考查名词复数。句意：这从来都不是一件容易的工作，多年来，陈已经受了好几次伤，甚至在2008年试图救一只被困的黑颈鹤时跌入了冰冻的沼泽。quite a few“相当多，不少”，其后跟名词复数。所以空处填injuries，故填injuries。
45．考查非谓语。句意同上。空处在句中作定语，名词crane与动词trap为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词trapped，表示被动，a trapped crane“一只被困住的（黑颈）鹤）”，故填trapped。
46．考查副词。句意：然而，她从不放弃。结合句中“Chen has sustained quite a few 　　(injury) ”及“she never gave up”可知，空后与前文为转折关系，however“然而”，符合题意，处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填However。
47．考查介词。句意：由于陈和工作人员的共同保护，现在每年有1900多只黑颈鹤在该地区越冬，而自然保护区建立时约有300只。短语：thanks to“多亏，由于”，to为介词，故填to。
48．考查时态和语态。句意：由于陈和工作人员的共同保护，现在每年有1900多只黑颈鹤在该地区越冬，而自然保护区建立时约有300只。分析可知，“when the nature reserve 　　　(establish)”为时间状语从句，空处在句中为谓语，结合前文“Chen started looking after the cranes in 2003”可知，此处表示的过去的动作，所以时态用一般过去时；主语“ the nature reserve ”与动词“establish”为动宾关系，所以语态用被动语态。故填was established。
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