2023年中考英语知识点名词导学案（无答案）

名词
一． 名词的定义
用来表示_______(Tom），_________(water），________(China),_______________(love)的名称的词。
名词的种类
名词的种类（意义）
____________名词 _____________名词
__________名词 __________名词
______名词 ______名词 _______名词 _______名词
名词的种类（构成）
简单名词（单个名词构成） 复合名词（名词+≥1的名词/其它词类）
song，phone 有主体 无主体 含有man/woman
passer-by 路人 也可以不加连字符 （passerby） grown-up 成年人 man-teacher 男老师 woman-driver 女司机
可数名词与不可数名词的区别
区别 可数名词（book） 不可数名词（money）
单复数的区别 有单复数之分，可以说 a book（一本书）， two books（两本书） 没有复数，不能在词尾+s/es 只有一种拼写方式（money）， 不能说moneys
是否可以加冠词及数词 可以加a/an，数词 a book，an apple，two apples 不可以加a/an，数词 不能说a water，two moneys
可数名词变复数
规则变化
规 律 例 词
一般在词尾直接加s book→_______ 　chair→_______
以___， ___，___，___结尾的单词通常在词尾加es 读作/iz/ class→_______ box→______ brush→_______ watch→ _______
以辅音字母＋y结尾的词：y → ______ 以元音＋y结尾的词：+_____ family→________ factory→ _______ boy→_____ 　 monkey→ _______
以f/ fe 结尾， f/fe → __________ leaf→ ______ 　thief→ _______ 特殊： roof→ ______ belief →______ proof→______
以o结尾 一般+s zoo → ______ 动物园 radio →_______ 收音机 piano →_______ 钢琴 photo →_______ 照片
（英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆） + ________ hero →_________ 英雄 potato →_________ 土豆 tomato →_________ 西红柿
大写字母/大写字母的缩写+s three UFO →____________
不规则变化
规律 例词
变中间的元音 （男 女 孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙） man→_____， woman→ _______ ，foot→_______ ， mouse→_______ tooth→_______ ，
表示“某国人” 中日不变 英法变（man→men）， 其余s 加后面。 Chinese→_______ Japanese→_______
Frenchman →__________ Englishman →___________
German→___________ American→___________　 Indian→___________ Australian→___________
单复数一样的名词 (中日鹿鱼羊) Chinese and Japanese 吃 sheep , deer and fish a Chinese -- two Chinese a sheep -- many sheep 注意：同一种类：fish同型 不同种类：可以用fishes fish表示鱼的种类时，其复数形式是fishes
天生只有复数形式 people, police, clothes, trousers , pants , jeans , scissors, shorts，stairs，glasses
词尾 + en/ren ox-___________ child--___________
【课堂检测】写出下列名词的复数形式：
1．clock __ map 2. brush watch
3．piano tomato __ 4．factory monkey
5．knife leaf 6．man German
7. Chinese sheep 8. child foot __
复合名词变复数
有主体名词 主体名词变复数 father-in-law →_______________ passer-by →_______________
无主体名词 最后一个词变复数 grown-up →___________
含有man/woman 两部分都变复数 man-teacher→_______________ woman-driver→______________
【课堂检测】
All the ____teachers and the____students there are playing basketball.
men；boys B. men；boy C. man；boy D.man；boys
集体名词
常见集体名词： 家庭_________, 人们_________，班级__________，警察_________，团队_________，小组__________，民族nation...
集体名词的用法
集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可单，可复。关键看它是强调整体还是所包含的成员
①Her family is huge. 指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式
②Her family are all kind. 指该集体中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式
注：police（警察）做主语，谓语动词只用复数形式（are）
The police are asking him some questions now.
不可数名词的数 （不可数名词不能与a/an，数词连用，没有复数形式（可以与the连用））
物质名词 食物 bread面包 meat 肉 cheese奶酪
饮料 milk牛奶 water水wine酒
自然物质 soil土壤sand沙子 wood木头
抽象名词 情感 peace和平 friendship友情 joy高兴
概念 population人口 knowledge知识
学科 math(s)数学 geography地理 physics物理 chemistry化学 politics 政治
如何表示数量呢？
基数词(one，two...）/不定冠词（a/an）+量词+of+不可数名词
常用表达：
一杯 a cup of /a glass of 一杯茶____________________一杯水____________________一瓶: a bottle of 一瓶水 ____________________
一盘：a plate of 一盘肉 ________________________
一张： a piece of 一条建议 _________________ 一条新闻 __________________
一块：a loaf of 一块面包 _________________
数词决定量词的单复数形式
一杯茶：__________________________ 两杯茶：___________________________
一块面包：__________________________ 两块面包：__________________________
【课堂检测】
(　　) 1. — Can I help you，Sir
— I’d like to have 100________.I want my students to draw pictures.
piece of paper B. pieces of paper
pieces of papers D. piece of papers
特殊注意
集体名词people 当民族讲时，可用复数形式 peoples
The United States（美国） 和the United Nations（联合国 ）
虽然最后一个词为复数，但也应视为单数。
数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词。中间的名词必须用单数
a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩
a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子
名词所有格（表示 “...的”）
名词所有格的构成
________所有格 ________所有格 _______所有格
‘s 所有格
构成
构成方法 例词
不以s/es结尾 一般在词尾 +’s the girl’s schoolbag 那个女孩的书包 that woman doctor's son那个女医生的儿子 Children’s Day儿童节
以s/es结尾的复数名词 +’ Teachers' Day 教师节
用and连接的 并列名词 表示共有 只在最后一个名词词尾+’s Lily and Mary's room。 （两人住一个房间） Lily's and Mary's rooms。 （每人都有一个房间）
表示分别拥有 两个名词词尾都+’s （被修饰名词 要用复数形式）
‘s所有格的用法
表示有生命的东西: Bill's mother Bill的妈妈 Jack’s book Jack 的书
特殊用法
构成方法 例词
表示 时间、距离、国家、城市 等 也可以在词尾+'s today’s paper 今天的报纸
five hundred meter's distance 五百米的距离
China's population 中国的人口
省去名词的所有格
某人家： the Lily’s（home）Lily的家
某店铺： the barber’s（shop） 理发店
2. of 所有格的用法：表示无生命的东西
构成方法 例词
n. + of + n. map of China 一张中国地图
3. 双重所有格：表示“两个 的‘’
构成方法 例句
of + n.'s a friend of Tom’s汤姆的一位朋友
of+ 名词性物主代词 mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs some friends of mine 我的一些朋友
注：当名词为picture（照片）/photo/portrait（肖像）时
+双重所有格（+形容词性物指代词） 与 of所有格（＋宾格） 表达的含义不同
This is a picture of _______. 这是我的一张照片。（照片中的人可能是本人，也可能是别人）
This is a picture of _______. 这是我的一张照片。（照片中是“我”本人）
<课堂检测>
那个女孩的狗 _________________________ 那个男老师的书 ________________________
我朋友们的家乡____________________________ 歌名 _________________________________________
我儿子的一位老师_________________________ 我们的一位老师____________________
<课堂检测>
(　　)1.— How far is your sister’s home from here？
— It is about two 　　　　 drive.
A. hour B.hour’s C. hours' D.hour’
(　　)2.— Is the schoolbag under the desk yours？
— No, it's my 　　　　. He left it there just now.
A. brother B. brother's C. brothers' D. brothers
(　　)3. Mr. Black is a teacher of　　　. She and her classmates like him very much.
A. my sister B. my sister's C. my sisters D. my sisters'
(　　)4. A friend of my ____ and I are going to visit _______ next week.
father; Browns B. father's; the Browns C. father; the Browns D. father's; Browns
作业
一．将下列名词变复数
1. map__________ girl__________ pen__________ bag___________ car__________
2. bus__________ brush__________ watch__________ box__________
3. baby__________ city__________ country__________
4. hero_________ potato__________ zoo_________ tomato_________ photo_______
5. knife__________ leaf_______ wolf________ wife__________ life__________
6. child__________ foot__________ tooth_________ mouse__________ man_______
7. German__________ Englishman__________ Chinese_________
8. deer__________ sheep__________ fish__________
二．用所给单词适当形式填空
There are two__________ over there. (watch)
2. I like taking __________. (photo)
3. l can see a __________and two _________ standing there. (man, woman)
4. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor. (apple)
5. Look at those__________. (child)
6. He doesn't like these__________. (glass)
7. How many __________can you see (radio)
8. There are more and more __________ drivers in Shanghai now. (woman)
9. Give me some __________, please. (water)
三．选择题
There are twenty __________ in our hospital.
woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
----What are these --They are __________.
A. deers B. radios C. radioes D. tomatos
How many __________ are there in these __________
A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photos C. tomatoes, photoes D.potatos,photoes
Mr. Chen has two __________.
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths D.toothes
Then the __________ began to eat the green __________ of young trees.
A. deer, leafs B. deer, leaves C. deer, leaf D. deers, leafs
I met some __________ in the park and talked with them the other day.
A. Japanese B. American C. Chineses D. English
A group of __________are talking with two__________ over there.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Frenchmen, Germen
C. Frenchmen, German D. Frenchmanes, Germans
The delicious dishes are cooked by __________.
A. women cookers B. women cooks C .woman cooks D. woman cookers
Julie went to the __________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store B. shoe’s store C. shoe store D. shoes’ store
I’ve read __________ sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
I want to buy __________.
A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks
How many __________ did you have for breakfast
A. loaves of bread B. loaves of breads C. loafs of bread D. loaf of bread
Please pass me __________. I will correct them.
A. the test paper B. some pieces of test paper
C. the test papers D. some piece of test paper
I’d like to have a glass of milk and __________.
A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
He bought __________.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes
C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe
This is __________ room.
Tom and Mary’s B. Tom’s and Mary’s C. Tom’s and Mary D. Tom and Mary
________mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu
A. Li Lei and Lucy’s B. Li Lei’s and Lucy’s C. Li Lei and Lucy D. Li Lei and Lucy
__________ came to visit us this morning.
My father friend B. friend of my father
C. A friend of my father’s D. One of my father’s friend
It’s only ten __________ break.
A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minutes’s
Tom won the boys’ __________ race in our school sports meeting.
A. 15000-metre B.15000-metres C.15000-metre’s D.1500 meters
Look at the shoes with adjustable heels. They are my __________.
A. sister B. sister’s C. sisters’s D. sisters'
You must finish the work in__________.
A. three weeks time B. three weeks’ time C. three week’s time D. three-weeks time
We had a good time during our __________ holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two-week’s D. two weeks’
__________ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
On __________, all the children can play games all day.
A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’Day C. The Children’s Day D. Children day
This is not my cap, but my __________.
A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brother