2024届高三英语复习：名词性从句的语法课件(共24张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高三英语复习：名词性从句的语法课件(共24张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 3.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-08-08 08:25:32 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共24张PPT)
名词性从句
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词来充当的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。
名词性从句
1. 主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的句子就叫主语从句。注意：在含有主语从句的复合句里，主句谓语使用第三人称单数形式。
When she will be back depends on the weather. 她什么时候回来取决于天气。
It’s a pity that he made such a stupid mistake. （句首it为形式主语）
很遗憾他犯了这么愚蠢的错误。
2. 表语从句：位于系动词之后充当表语的句子叫做表语从句。
What he wants to know is whether he should start now.
他想知道的是他是否应该现在就开始。
名词性从句
3. 宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。注意：宾语从句一般跟在及物动词或介词后。
Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game.
玛丽写了一篇关于球队为什么没能赢得比赛的文章。
Can you tell me when he will come back （常考点：tell后接双宾语。此句中me为间接宾语，宾语从句为直接宾语。）
你能告诉我他什么时候回来吗？
The report didn’t make it clear how the conclusion was arrived at. （句中it为形式宾语）
报告没有说明结论是如何得出的。
名词性从句
4. 同位语从句：对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明其内容的句子叫做同位语从句。同位语从句常用于某些抽象名词（idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, message, truth, information等）后面。
The news that our team has won the match is true.
我们队赢得比赛的消息是真的。
名词性从句
注意：that可以引导上述四种名词性从句。共同特点是不能省略that，但一种情况例外：当及物动词后只接一个宾语从句时可省略that或接多个宾语从句时第一个从句前that可省略。
I wrote a letter telling her (that) the students appreciated what she did and that（that不能省略）her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.
我写了一封信告诉她，学生们感谢她所做的一切，她对我们学校的贡献改变了我们所有人的生活。
名词性从句
注意：that可以引导上述四种名词性从句。共同特点是不能省略that，但一种情况例外：当及物动词后只接一个宾语从句时可省略that或接多个宾语从句时第一个从句前that可省略。
I wrote a letter telling her (that) the students appreciated what she did and that（that不能省略）her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.
我写了一封信告诉她，学生们感谢她所做的一切，她对我们学校的贡献改变了我们所有人的生活。
名词性从句
1. that只起引导作用，本身无意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分。
I know you aren’t a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor.
我知道你不是医生，你希望你的儿子成为一名医生。
2. what, who, which和when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever, wherever等，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。
Who will come to help with my English hasn’t been settled.
谁来帮助我学英语还没有决定。
Whoever wants to join in the activity should apply on our website in advance.
任何想参加活动的人都应该提前在我们的网站上申请。
一、名词性从句的引导词
3. if和whether引导名词性从句都表“是否”。whether可引导所有名词性从句，而if只能引导及物动词后的宾语从句。
Up to now, whether we will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided.
到目前为止，我们是否参加会议还没有决定。
一、名词性从句的引导词
1. 名词性从句中，一律要用陈述句语序。
2. 当how表“多么…，多少（钱等）”引导名词性从句时，其后要先跟其所修饰的形容词，即把how + adj.视作一个整体，充当连接词，故两者不能分开，再加上主语和谓语。
He didn’t know how much time he should spend on it.他不知道该在这上面花多少时间。
The photos will show you what our village looks like.
这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的样子。
You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news that he was admitted to Wu Han University.
你很难想象，当他听到自己被武汉大学录取的消息时有多激动。
二、名词性从句的语序
名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：
1、分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少某成分。如果不缺成分，就用that；如果缺少某成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，所缺部分可理解为“所……的东西/事情/地方等”就用what。
2. 观察从句语意是否完整。如果语意完整，就用that；若语意不完整，就用what。
三、引导词that和what的用法
例句：
What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
After five hours’ drive, they reached what they’d been dreaming of.
经过五个小时的车程，他们到达了他们梦寐以求的地方。
That the earth is round is known to us all.地球是圆的，这是我们大家都知道的。
Father made a promise that if I passed the examination he would buy an i-phone 7 for me.
父亲许诺，如果我通过考试，他会给我买一部7号手机。
The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what was a dangerous speed.
前几天，我哥哥开着他的车以危险的速度在街上行驶。
It has been thirty years since we last met, but I still remembered the story, believe it or not, that we went lost on a rainy day.
我们上次见面已经三十年了，但信不信由你，我仍然记得我们在雨天迷路的故事。
三、引导词that和what的用法
1. whether和if跟在谓语动词后引导宾语从句时可互换。
I want to know whether/ if he passed the exam.
我想知道他是否通过了考试。
2. 以下几种情况只能用whether引导宾语从句，请牢记：
（1）介词后只能用whether引导宾语从句。
（2）与or not连用时，只能用whether引导宾语从句，即：whether…or not。
（3）whether + to do。
He has to decide whether to look for a job immediately he graduates.
他必须在毕业后立即决定是否找工作。
It’s easy to check online whether the products are available or not.
在线检查产品是否可用很容易。
四、引导词if和wherther的用法
1. 同位语从句：
（1）同位语从句多用that 引导。
（2）在have no idea (of )之后常用wh- 引导同位语从句。
I have no idea (of) what he is doing now.
我不知道他现在在做什么。
I have no idea (of) where he comes from.
我不知道他来自哪里。
五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1. 同位语从句：
（3）一般跟在抽象名词（fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion等）后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容。
（4）如果使用了连词that，它在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何实际意义。
五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别
2. 定语从句：对先行词（名词或代词）起修饰限制作用。如果使用了关系代词that，它在从句中常作主语和宾语，且有实际意义。
The news (that) we know from her excited all of us.（定语从句）
我们从她那里得知的消息使我们大家都很兴奋。
The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.（同位语从句）
她通过考试的消息使她的父母很兴奋。
五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1. 表命令、建议、要求或请求等动词所接的宾语从句和主语从句，要用虚拟语气，即“(should) + do”。常见动词如下，请加强记忆：
demand, require, request, desire, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, order, command, insist, urge…
2. 当表示建议、命令、请求等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句常用虚拟语气，即“(should) + do”。常见名词如下，请加强记忆：
advice, demand, desire, order, proposal, request, requirement, recommendation, suggestion,…
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
3. 常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that + sb. (should) do ….
某人做……是必要的（重要的、自然的、奇怪的等）。
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that+ sb. (should) do ….
某人做……是一件很遗憾的（羞愧的，不足为奇的等）事。
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that+ sb. (should) do ….
有人建议（要求、提议、要求等）某人做……。
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
4. wish和would rather后所接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
would rather后句子用虚拟语气
▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1. By paying children for chores with an allowance, you’ll also be sending the message __________ work isn’t worth doing _________ they are getting paid for it.
2. It remains to be seen _________ people really want to carry both a smart phone _________ a smart watch.
3. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _________ you’re afraid to do.
4. The suggestion _________ the students should learn something useful is worth _________ (consider). 学生们要学点有用的东西的建议是值得考虑的。
5. Whether we can live in harmony(和谐）with nature depends on _________ effective measures（有效措施）will _________ (take) to reduce pollution.
练一练
that
what
unless
and
whether
that
considering
be taken
whether
6. ______ is strongly advised that the contracts(合约)_____________(read) through thoroughly(彻底地).
7. We take it for granted(认为理所当然)_________ with memory we can remember most of things _________ (happen) in our life.
8. _________ puzzles(困扰) scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions _________ described here.
9. _________ amazed us was _________ he managed to work out such a hard maths problem in _________ a short time.
10. He became interested in two _________ (theory推测，理论) that possibly explained _________ cholera(霍乱) killed people.
练一练
It
(should) be read
that
happening
It
as
What
how
such
theories
why
11. _________ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _____________________ (examine).
12. Exactly _________ the potato ________________ (introduce) into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
练一练
To prevent
(should) be examined
when
was introduced
The Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins, ______ (locate)10 kilometers west of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region is the largest, oldest and best-preserved earthen architectural site in the world, ___ ___ holds great political, cultural, historical and artistic value.
Guri Bakri, a 39-year-old conservator of the Jiaohe Ruins, starts her daily inspection at the site as usual, ensuring the safety of tourists and ___ __ (make) photographic records along the way. She is the third generation of Guri’s family who have been working as local cultural conservators, ___ ___ (constant) guarding this historic site since her grandfather ___ ___ (become) the only conservator in Jiaohe in 1961.
After graduating in 2013, Guri returned to her hometown and became one of her father’s __ ___ (colleague). Talking about Jiaohe, Guri said that she would always remember June 22, 2014, when the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins ___ ___ (name) the World Heritage Site. She was proud of her participation in the application ___ ___ the title.
In recent years, the state cultural protection department has invested more than 100 million yuan ($ 14.8m) in the ___ ___ (protect) of Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins. This year, Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins will take the fifth round of structural reinforcement (加固). ____ ____ team of conservators has also expanded to 12. This old city of more than 2,000 years is gaining new energy.
located
which
making
constantly
became
colleagues
was named
for
protection
The
新疆维吾尔自治区
吐鲁番
交河古城遗址
土质建筑遗址
政治的
保管员
检查
沿途拍照记录
名词性从句
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词来充当的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。
名词性从句
1. 主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的句子就叫主语从句。注意：在含有主语从句的复合句里，主句谓语使用第三人称单数形式。
When she will be back depends on the weather. 她什么时候回来取决于天气。
It’s a pity that he made such a stupid mistake. （句首it为形式主语）
很遗憾他犯了这么愚蠢的错误。
2. 表语从句：位于系动词之后充当表语的句子叫做表语从句。
What he wants to know is whether he should start now.
他想知道的是他是否应该现在就开始。
名词性从句
3. 宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。注意：宾语从句一般跟在及物动词或介词后。
Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game.
玛丽写了一篇关于球队为什么没能赢得比赛的文章。
Can you tell me when he will come back （常考点：tell后接双宾语。此句中me为间接宾语，宾语从句为直接宾语。）
你能告诉我他什么时候回来吗？
The report didn’t make it clear how the conclusion was arrived at. （句中it为形式宾语）
报告没有说明结论是如何得出的。
名词性从句
4. 同位语从句：对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明其内容的句子叫做同位语从句。同位语从句常用于某些抽象名词（idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, message, truth, information等）后面。
The news that our team has won the match is true.
我们队赢得比赛的消息是真的。
名词性从句
注意：that可以引导上述四种名词性从句。共同特点是不能省略that，但一种情况例外：当及物动词后只接一个宾语从句时可省略that或接多个宾语从句时第一个从句前that可省略。
I wrote a letter telling her (that) the students appreciated what she did and that（that不能省略）her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.
我写了一封信告诉她，学生们感谢她所做的一切，她对我们学校的贡献改变了我们所有人的生活。
名词性从句
注意：that可以引导上述四种名词性从句。共同特点是不能省略that，但一种情况例外：当及物动词后只接一个宾语从句时可省略that或接多个宾语从句时第一个从句前that可省略。
I wrote a letter telling her (that) the students appreciated what she did and that（that不能省略）her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.
我写了一封信告诉她，学生们感谢她所做的一切，她对我们学校的贡献改变了我们所有人的生活。
名词性从句
1. that只起引导作用，本身无意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分。
I know you aren’t a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor.
我知道你不是医生，你希望你的儿子成为一名医生。
2. what, who, which和when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever, wherever等，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。
Who will come to help with my English hasn’t been settled.
谁来帮助我学英语还没有决定。
Whoever wants to join in the activity should apply on our website in advance.
任何想参加活动的人都应该提前在我们的网站上申请。
一、名词性从句的引导词
3. if和whether引导名词性从句都表“是否”。whether可引导所有名词性从句，而if只能引导及物动词后的宾语从句。
Up to now, whether we will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided.
到目前为止，我们是否参加会议还没有决定。
一、名词性从句的引导词
1. 名词性从句中，一律要用陈述句语序。
2. 当how表“多么…，多少（钱等）”引导名词性从句时，其后要先跟其所修饰的形容词，即把how + adj.视作一个整体，充当连接词，故两者不能分开，再加上主语和谓语。
He didn’t know how much time he should spend on it.他不知道该在这上面花多少时间。
The photos will show you what our village looks like.
这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的样子。
You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news that he was admitted to Wu Han University.
你很难想象，当他听到自己被武汉大学录取的消息时有多激动。
二、名词性从句的语序
名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：
1、分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少某成分。如果不缺成分，就用that；如果缺少某成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，所缺部分可理解为“所……的东西/事情/地方等”就用what。
2. 观察从句语意是否完整。如果语意完整，就用that；若语意不完整，就用what。
三、引导词that和what的用法
例句：
What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
After five hours’ drive, they reached what they’d been dreaming of.
经过五个小时的车程，他们到达了他们梦寐以求的地方。
That the earth is round is known to us all.地球是圆的，这是我们大家都知道的。
Father made a promise that if I passed the examination he would buy an i-phone 7 for me.
父亲许诺，如果我通过考试，他会给我买一部7号手机。
The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what was a dangerous speed.
前几天，我哥哥开着他的车以危险的速度在街上行驶。
It has been thirty years since we last met, but I still remembered the story, believe it or not, that we went lost on a rainy day.
我们上次见面已经三十年了，但信不信由你，我仍然记得我们在雨天迷路的故事。
三、引导词that和what的用法
1. whether和if跟在谓语动词后引导宾语从句时可互换。
I want to know whether/ if he passed the exam.
我想知道他是否通过了考试。
2. 以下几种情况只能用whether引导宾语从句，请牢记：
（1）介词后只能用whether引导宾语从句。
（2）与or not连用时，只能用whether引导宾语从句，即：whether…or not。
（3）whether + to do。
He has to decide whether to look for a job immediately he graduates.
他必须在毕业后立即决定是否找工作。
It’s easy to check online whether the products are available or not.
在线检查产品是否可用很容易。
四、引导词if和wherther的用法
1. 同位语从句：
（1）同位语从句多用that 引导。
（2）在have no idea (of )之后常用wh- 引导同位语从句。
I have no idea (of) what he is doing now.
我不知道他现在在做什么。
I have no idea (of) where he comes from.
我不知道他来自哪里。
五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1. 同位语从句：
（3）一般跟在抽象名词（fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion等）后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容。
（4）如果使用了连词that，它在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何实际意义。
五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别
2. 定语从句：对先行词（名词或代词）起修饰限制作用。如果使用了关系代词that，它在从句中常作主语和宾语，且有实际意义。
The news (that) we know from her excited all of us.（定语从句）
我们从她那里得知的消息使我们大家都很兴奋。
The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.（同位语从句）
她通过考试的消息使她的父母很兴奋。
五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1. 表命令、建议、要求或请求等动词所接的宾语从句和主语从句，要用虚拟语气，即“(should) + do”。常见动词如下，请加强记忆：
demand, require, request, desire, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, order, command, insist, urge…
2. 当表示建议、命令、请求等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句常用虚拟语气，即“(should) + do”。常见名词如下，请加强记忆：
advice, demand, desire, order, proposal, request, requirement, recommendation, suggestion,…
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
3. 常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that + sb. (should) do ….
某人做……是必要的（重要的、自然的、奇怪的等）。
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that+ sb. (should) do ….
某人做……是一件很遗憾的（羞愧的，不足为奇的等）事。
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that+ sb. (should) do ….
有人建议（要求、提议、要求等）某人做……。
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
4. wish和would rather后所接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
would rather后句子用虚拟语气
▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1. By paying children for chores with an allowance, you’ll also be sending the message __________ work isn’t worth doing _________ they are getting paid for it.
2. It remains to be seen _________ people really want to carry both a smart phone _________ a smart watch.
3. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _________ you’re afraid to do.
4. The suggestion _________ the students should learn something useful is worth _________ (consider). 学生们要学点有用的东西的建议是值得考虑的。
5. Whether we can live in harmony(和谐）with nature depends on _________ effective measures（有效措施）will _________ (take) to reduce pollution.
练一练
that
what
unless
and
whether
that
considering
be taken
whether
6. ______ is strongly advised that the contracts(合约)_____________(read) through thoroughly(彻底地).
7. We take it for granted(认为理所当然)_________ with memory we can remember most of things _________ (happen) in our life.
8. _________ puzzles(困扰) scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions _________ described here.
9. _________ amazed us was _________ he managed to work out such a hard maths problem in _________ a short time.
10. He became interested in two _________ (theory推测，理论) that possibly explained _________ cholera(霍乱) killed people.
练一练
It
(should) be read
that
happening
It
as
What
how
such
theories
why
11. _________ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _____________________ (examine).
12. Exactly _________ the potato ________________ (introduce) into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
练一练
To prevent
(should) be examined
when
was introduced
The Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins, ______ (locate)10 kilometers west of Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region is the largest, oldest and best-preserved earthen architectural site in the world, ___ ___ holds great political, cultural, historical and artistic value.
Guri Bakri, a 39-year-old conservator of the Jiaohe Ruins, starts her daily inspection at the site as usual, ensuring the safety of tourists and ___ __ (make) photographic records along the way. She is the third generation of Guri’s family who have been working as local cultural conservators, ___ ___ (constant) guarding this historic site since her grandfather ___ ___ (become) the only conservator in Jiaohe in 1961.
After graduating in 2013, Guri returned to her hometown and became one of her father’s __ ___ (colleague). Talking about Jiaohe, Guri said that she would always remember June 22, 2014, when the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins ___ ___ (name) the World Heritage Site. She was proud of her participation in the application ___ ___ the title.
In recent years, the state cultural protection department has invested more than 100 million yuan ($ 14.8m) in the ___ ___ (protect) of Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins. This year, Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins will take the fifth round of structural reinforcement (加固). ____ ____ team of conservators has also expanded to 12. This old city of more than 2,000 years is gaining new energy.
located
which
making
constantly
became
colleagues
was named
for
protection
The
新疆维吾尔自治区
吐鲁番
交河古城遗址
土质建筑遗址
政治的
保管员
检查
沿途拍照记录