(共53张PPT)
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重难突破
知识整合
专题9 定语从句
考点32 关系代词
考点33 关系副词
目 录
CONTENTS
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知识整合
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考点32 关系代词
分考点1 关系代词的用法
分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别
分考点4 “介词+关系代词”的用法
考点32 关系代词——分考点 1 关系代词的用法
分考点 1 关系代词的用法
关系代词 用 法 例 句
who 用于指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 This is the man who wanted to see you.
这就是想要见你的人。(作主语)
whom 用于指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可用who代替;但是,若从句中的介词提到关系代词前,只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语,不可用who代替。 In our class there are 48 students, half of whom are girls.
我们班有48名学生,其中有一半是女生(作宾语)
which 用于指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。 She created an atmosphere which allowed her students to communicate freely with each other.
她营造了一种让她的学生互相自由交流的氛围。(作主语)
that 既可指人又可指物,指人时通常可与who, whom互换,指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 The old town has small houses that are built close to each other.
这个古老的小镇有建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。(作主语)Some people register a list of things (that) they want or need for their new home.
有些人会为他们的新家登记他们想要或需要的东西的清单。[全国Ⅲ改编](作宾语)
whose 表示所属关系,既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于 of whom。 Dr.Rowan,whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
罗恩博士的秘书两周前辞职了,他只能自己做所有的打字工作。[天津高考改编](作定语)
关系代词 用 法 例 句
as 引导限制性定语从句,作关系代词,既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构:①“such+名词+as…”意为“像……一样的;像……之类的”;②“as(否定句中可用so)+形容词+名词+as…”意为“……样的人或物”(这种结构的前面的as/so为副词);③“the same(+名词+)as…”意为“和……一样的”。 He is such a man as is always ready to help others.
他是一个时刻准备帮助别人的人。(作主语)
That's as good a tool as I can find.
那是我所能找到的最好的工具。(作宾语)
I have the same book as you (have).
我有一本和你的一样的书。(作宾语)
引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分,意为“正如;像”。 As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction” run by the Italian police.
像往常一样,他顺便去了由意大利警方经营的“下班后拍卖”(拍卖会)。[全国Ⅱ改编](作宾语)
考点32 关系代词——分考点 1 关系代词的用法
Point1 限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的情况
(1)先行词是all, any, few, little, much, none, something, everything, nothing, anything 等不定代词,或被all, any, every, few, little, no, some等词修饰时。
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.
请把你所掌握的有关这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。
(2)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, the right等词修饰时。
It is the very book that I want to read.
它正是我想读的书。
分考点 2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
考点32 关系代词——分考点 2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
(3)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级,或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
The first letter that I get from him will be kept.
我收到的他的第一封来信将被保存起来。
This is the best (way) that is used to solve the problem.
这是用来解决这个问题的最好办法。
(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她拍下了自己感兴趣的物和人的照片。
(5)先行词是主句的表语,关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used to be.
深圳不再是过去的那个样子了。
考点32 关系代词——分考点 2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
(6)当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is giving us the class
给我们上课的那个人是谁?
Which of the books is the one that belongs to you?
这些书中哪一本是你的?
(7)主句是there be句型,且关系词在从句中作主语时,如果先行词指物,用that,不用which;如果先行词指人,
常用who引导定语从句。
There is a room in the building that is still free.
在这个大厦中,还有一个房间空着。
There is a girl who wants to see you.
有一个女孩想见你。
考点32 关系代词——分考点 2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
Point2 当先行词指物时,定语从句中关系代词只用 which不用 that 的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句且关系代词指物时,只用which,不用that。
A coin is put into the cake, which signifies success in the new year for the person who receives it.
往蛋糕里放一枚硬币,这表示收到这块有硬币的蛋糕的人在新的一年里会取得成功。
(2)关系代词指物,且其前有介词时,只用which,不用that。
Protecting the mountain forests in which giant pandas live has been good for many other animals.
保护大熊猫所生活的山地森林对许多其他动物是有益的。
(3)先行词本身是that时,只用which。
What is that which you have just stuffed into the plastic cup?
你刚才塞进塑料杯里的是什么东西?
考点32 关系代词——分考点 2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
Point3 当先行词指人时,定语从句中关系代词只用who不用that的情况
((1)引导非限制性定语从从句时,只用who,不用that。
Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
我最好的朋友汤姆已经去国外求学了。
(2)先行词是one, ones, anybody, he, none, those 等词时,只用who。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。
考点32 关系代词——分考点 2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
as与which均可引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容,可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。两者均不可省略。
Point1 as 引导的非限制性定语从句,既可放在主句前,又可放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,表示说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如”;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后,意为“这一点”,引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列分句,补充说明事物的状态或结果。
As we know, Shakespeare is a famous writer.
正如我们所知,莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。
After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, which turned out to be a wise decision.
我大学毕业以后,抽出了一些时间去旅行,后来证明这是个明智的决定。
分考点 3 关系代词as和which的区别
考点32 关系代词——分考点 3 关系代词as和which的区别
Point2 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语且从句为被动语态时,常用as引导,常用结构有:
但如果从句为主动语态,一般用which作主语。
He won first prize, as was expected.
正如预料的那样,他得了一等奖。
考点32 关系代词——分考点 3 关系代词as和which的区别
Point1 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用 which 或 whom,且不能省略。
Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.
现在有很多课程可以从网上获得,学生可以从中免费选择。
The man with whom she entered the hall was her husband.
和她一起走进大厅的那位男士是她的丈夫。
Point 2 “介词短语+关系代词which”结构在定语从句中作地点状语时,从句常用倒装语序。
He is studying in the classroom now, in front of which stand two trees.
他现在正在那间教室里学习,教室前面有两棵树。
分考点 4 “介词+关系代词”的用法
考点32 关系代词——分考点 4 “介词+关系代词”的用法
Point3 “介词+which+名词”结构引导定语从句。常见的这类结构有:
Mother is preparing lunch, during which time children are playing outside.
妈妈在准备午餐,在此期间,孩子们在外面玩。
Point4 “the+名词+of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句,一般为非限制性定语从句。该结构
中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。
There are in this class twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
这个班上有20名学生,背景各不相同。
考点32 关系代词——分考点 4 “介词+关系代词”的用法
Point5 “表示全部或部分的词语 + of which/whom”结构引导定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有:不定代词(all, both, none, some, most, several等);数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数);the+形容词最高级/比较级。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.
关于为什么人类哭的时候会流泪,科学家们已经提出了很多理论,其中没有一个被证实。[浙江高考]
考点32 关系代词——分考点 4 “介词+关系代词”的用法
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考点33 关系副词
当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。关系副词有时可以用“介词+关系代词”替换。
Point1 关系副词when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“表示时间的介词(in, at, on, during等)+which”。
He lived in the times when (=in which) the blind couldn't get much education.
他生活在盲人没受过多少教育的时代。
The days are gone when (=during which) physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。
考点33 关系副词
Point2 关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“表示地点的介词(in, at, on, under等)+which”。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where (=at which) we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
我和朋友一起登上了山顶,在那里我们欣赏到了壮丽的湖光美景。
Point3 关系副词 why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于for which。
Do you know the reason why/for which he didn't attend the meeting?
你知道他没参加会议的原因吗?
考点33 关系副词
考法1关系代词和关系副词的用法
考法2“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
目 录
CONTENTS
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重难突破
考法1 关系代词和关系副词的用法
关系代词that/which/who/whom/as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whose作定语,表示所属关系。关系副词where/when/why在定语从句中作状语。做题时首先要找准先行词,然后分析定语从句缺少的成分,如果从句中缺主语、宾语、表语或定语,则用关系代词;如果从句中缺状语,则用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”。
另外,考生应重点掌握that与which引导定语从句时的区别。
真题例1 [全国新高考Ⅰ2022·65]The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【解析】 句意为:大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫分布区的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,先行词为 species,指物,且前面有all修饰。故填that。
考法1 关系代词和关系副词的用法(9年17考)
考法1 关系代词和关系副词的用法
真题例2 [全国甲2022·62]On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
【解析】句意为:在1,100千米的旅程中,8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹晟康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人。故填who。
真题例3 [浙江2022年1月·56]Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ______ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【解析】句意为:亚特兰大佐治亚理工学院的教授金·科布是一个小型但是人数不断增加的少数学者群体中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机出行(次数)。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为academics,意为“学者”,指人,在从句中作主语。故填that/who。
考法1 关系代词和关系副词的用法
真题例4 [全国新高考Ⅱ2021·59]I decided that if I learned of a company ______ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
【解析】句意为:我决定如果得知哪家公司使用了大量塑料制品的话,我就会发一封邮件敦促这家公司缩减塑料消耗。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,先行词为a company,指物。故填which/that。
对点练——(根据考试要求,无提示词填空题只填1词)
1.Lebanese telecommunication engineering students ______ aim is to continue their higher education in China are more interested in the language.
【解析】whose 句意为:目标是能在中国继续深造的黎巴嫩通信工程专业的学生对这种语言更感兴趣。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Lebanese telecommunication engineering students,并在从句中作定语,故填whose。
2.Currently, AI is used mostly in the tech industry, ______ it has created efficiency and produced new products and services.
【解析】where 句意为:当前,人工智能主要用于科技行业,在该行业它提高了效率并生产了新产品和服务。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the tech industry,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
考法1 关系代词和关系副词的用法
3.Jamaria's school made an announcement that it would hold a baking sale, ______ was a perfect chance to try out Jamaria's plan.
【解析】which 句意为:贾马里亚的学校宣布将举办一次烘焙售卖活动,这是一个绝好的试验贾马里亚的计划的机会。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且指代前一分句的内容,在从句中作主语,故填which。
4.New research found that middle aged women ______ were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life.
【解析】who 句意为:新的研究发现,身体健康的中年女性在晚年患失智症的可能性会低近90%。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词middle aged women,指人,在从句中作主语,故填who。
考法1 关系代词和关系副词的用法
5.Researchers at a Massachusetts' university are creating the first robot ______ can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do.
【解析】that 句意为:马萨诸塞州的一所大学的研究人员正在创造第一个能够根据它必须做的任务而不断地改变形状的机器人。设空处引导定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作主语,先行词为robot且被序数词the first修饰,关系词只能用that,故填that。
6.He is a man______is considerate and helpful.
【解析】that/who 句意为:他是一个善解人意、乐于助人的人。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为a man,指人。故填that/who。
考法1 关系代词和关系副词的用法
考法2“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
解答此类题注意两点:
(1)选择介词时,主要看与先行词、从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配;
(2)选择关系代词时,先行词是物,则只能用which;先行词是人,则只能用whom。表所属关系时,用whose。
考法2“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(9年0考)
真题例1 [北京2022·18]That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ______ are only good for one use.
【解析】句意为:那包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中的大多数物品只能使用一次。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词cups, bottles, and bags,先行词指物,设空处在从句中作介词of的宾语,结合句意,应用most of which引导定语从句。故填which。
对点练——(根据考试要求,无提示词填空题只填1词)
7.Detectives are investigating the company, three of______senior executives have already been under arrest.
【解析】whose 句意为:侦探们正在调查这家公司,公司的三名高管已经被捕。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且senior executives与先行词the company之间为所属关系,表示“公司的高管”,应用whose引导,故填whose。
8.During the visit, I tasted various delicious local foods, among ______ I liked seafood best.
【解析】which 句意为:在游览期间,我品尝了各种各样的当地美食,其中我最喜欢海鲜。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限定性定语从句,指代先行词local foods,在从句中作介词among的宾语,故填which。
考法2“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
易混1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
易混知识 易错清单
区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句意思不完整。 从句只是对主句的附加说明,如果省去,主句意思不受影响。
标点 从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。 从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
关系词 关系代词(that/which/whom)作宾语时可以省略。 关系代词作宾语不能省略;不能用that引导。
先行词 从句只修饰主句中的名词或代词。 从句可修饰主句中的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。
易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆
(1)定语从句与并列句的混淆。
判断句子是定语从句还是并列句,关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有and, but等并列连词或分号等。如果有,则为并列句;反之则为定语从句。
例如:怀特先生有三个儿子,他们都很勇敢。
Mr.White has three sons, all of whom are brave.(定语从句)
Mr.White has three sons, and all of them are brave.(并列句)
Mr.White has three sons; all of them are brave.(并列句)
此句还可表达为:Mr.White has three sons, all of them brave.(all of them brave为独立主格结构)
易混知识 易错清单
(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主语时的主语从句的混淆。
①as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时,其后用逗号与主句隔开,as 既是引导词,又在从句中作成分。
②what在引导的主语从句中既作成分又起连接作用。
③it在句中只作形式主语。
例如:众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
As is known to us all, China is a developing country.(As引导非限制性定语从句)
What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.(What引导主语从句)
It is known to us all that China is a developing country.(It作形式主语, that引导的从句是真正的主语)
考法3 没有明显时间标志的时态和语态
易混3 way和time后的定语从句的引导词
(1)如果way作先行词,定语从句中缺少方式状语,则从句可用in which或that引导,关系词也可省略;如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,则用which或that引导该从句。若关系词在定语从句中作宾语,也可以省略。
Please tell me the way (in which/that) you worked out the math problems.
请告诉我你解出这几道数学题的方法。
I think the way (that/which) he told me is the best.
我认为他告诉我的那个方法是最好的。
易混知识 易错清单
(2)若time表示“一段时间”,且关系词在从句中作状语,则关系词用when或“at/during+which”;当time作“次数”讲时,关系词用that,也可省略。
There was a time when/during which we lived in Beijing.
有一段时间我们住在北京。
I could hardly remember how many times (that) I've failed.
我几乎记不清已经失败过多少
易混知识 易错清单
专题9 定语从句
强化模拟 限时训练
A组-单句填空
1.I will run through the most common questions ______ are often asked by people.
【解析】that 我将简要介绍一下人们最常问的问题。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词questions,在从句中作主语,且先行词被形容词最高级形式the most common修饰,故填that。
2.Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous visitors at the library ______ he established in his home in Zhangfang village of Yongji, Shanxi Province.
【解析】that/which 句意为:在过去的40年里,杜德建在山西省永济市张坊村的家中建立了图书馆,接待了无数的参观者。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为library,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,故填that/which。
3.The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
【解析】as 句意为:据报道,吸烟者的数量在短短一年内就下降了17%。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,意为“正如”,故填as。
4.Much of the early tea in China was grown on small farms and plantations, many of ______ were tended by Buddhist monks.
【解析】which 句意为:中国早期的茶树大多是在小农场和种植园种植的,其中很多是由佛教僧侣种植的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为small farms and plantations,指物,关系词在从句中作of的宾语,应用which引导。故填which。
专题9 定语从句
5.The idea has quickly spread to Europe in ______ special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old.
【解析】which 句意为:这个理念迅速传播到欧洲,如今在欧洲特殊的课程被提供给7至24个月大的婴幼儿。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为Europe,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where或in which,本句中已有in,故填which。
6.The roots of the carnival date back to 1833 ______ slavery was abolished.
【解析】when 句意为:狂欢节的起源要追溯到1833年,那时奴隶制被废除。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故应用when引导该从句。
专题9 定语从句
7.We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night, ______ seats more than 300 students.
【解析】which 句意为:我们昨晚在学校演讲厅参加了会议,这个大厅能坐得下300多名学生。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the school lecture hall,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故应用which引导该从句。
8.There are many reasons______ English is so widely used around the world in the fields of science, business, and more.
【解析】why 句意为:英语在世界各地的科学、商业等领域被广泛使用是有很多原因的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词是reasons,关系词在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why。
专题9 定语从句
9.A father, ______ son was 16 years old, was worried because his son had no courage at all.
【解析】whose 句意为:一位有个16岁儿子的父亲感觉很担忧,因为他的儿子根本没有勇气。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词father,关系词在从句中作定语,即A father和son之间为所属关系,故应用whose引导该从句。
10.The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places ______ rain falls throughout the year.
【解析】where 句意为:茶树在热带和温带全年降雨的地区长得最好。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导的从句起到修饰作用,为定语从句,先行词是places,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应用where引导该从句。
专题9 定语从句
B组-单句填空
1.Humans like to live and work in groups.Language is the “cement” (接合剂) ______ holds these groups together.
【解析】that/which 句意为:人类喜欢群居和团队协作。语言是把这些团体凝聚在一起的“接合剂”。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为cement,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故应用that/which引导该从句。
2.This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, ______ represents a milestone for China's move toward deep space.
【解析】which 句意为:这一次,天问系列将执行第一次火星探测任务,这代表中国迈向外太空的一个里程碑。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句的内容,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。
专题9 定语从句
3.In fact, tango raised a few eyebrows among the conservative members of society, ______ found the tango a little too shocking.
【解析】who 句意为:事实上,探戈引起了社会中保守的成员的些许不满,他们觉得探戈有点太令人震惊了。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the conservative members of society,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。
4.Basically, baking is a creative activity ______ you can imagine a happy moment in the future.
【解析】where 句意为:从根本上说,烘焙是一种创造性的活动,在这个活动中,你可以想象未来的快乐时刻。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为activity,是抽象名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
专题9 定语从句
5.Suddenly, she stepped on something ______ wasn't hard.
【解析】that 句意为:突然,她踩到了一块并不坚硬的东西。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为something,关系词在从句中作主语,故填that。
6.This is my English teacher, without ______ help I couldn't have made such rapid progress.
【解析】whose 句意为:这是我的英语老师,没有他(她)的帮助,我不可能取得如此迅速的进步。分析句子结构可知,此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为teacher,关系词在从句中充当定语,故填whose。
专题9 定语从句
7.Shanghai Disney Resort, of ______ the theme park is a part, is a joint venture (合资项目) between Shanghai Shendi Group and The Walt Disney Company.
【解析】which 句意为:包含主题乐园的上海迪士尼度假区是上海申迪集团和华特迪士尼公司的一个合资项目。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词Shanghai Disney Resort,且空前有介词of,故填which。
8.Another idea from social psychology is that people like to listen to the very music ______ shows their present life circumstances.
【解析】that 句意为:来自社会心理学的另一个观点是人们喜欢听恰好可以反映他们现在生活境况的音乐。分析句子结构可知,此处应是定语从句的关系词,在从句中作主语,先行词为music,指物,被the very修饰,故应用that引导该从句。
专题9 定语从句
9.The plan turned out to be very successful, ______ we all expected.
【解析】as 句意为:正如我们所预料的那样,这个计划非常成功。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,关系词在从句中作宾语,意为“正如”,故填as。
10.The woman ______ treated my child is an outstanding doctor.
【解析】that/who 句意为:治疗我孩子的女士是一位优秀的医生。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为The woman,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故应用that/who引导该从句。
专题9 定语从句
C组-语法填空
建议用时-8分钟
[东北师大附中2022模拟]After months of expectation, the official mascot of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games—a giant panda inspired cartoon character—made __1__ (it) first public show with cheers at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena.
The panda __2__ (name) “Bing Dwen Dwen” in Chinese.Bing means “ice” in Chinese, while Dwen Dwen suggests “health and cleverness”—characteristics also __3__(share) by pandas.“Pandas are perhaps the most recognized animal species in China”, organizers said.
“Pandas combine China's traditional culture and its modern appearance together with winter sports elements in __4__ fascinating image that shows our great expectations for the Games.__5__ (addition), it shows that we welcome the world,” said Chen Jining, who serves __6__ an executive president of the organizing committee.“This mascot
专题9 定语从句
really takes in __7__ (many) elements and characteristics of the Chinese people than the previous one, __8__ will be a great ambassador for the country and the 24th Winter Olympics.”
The ring of light __9__ (surround) the mascot's face is suggestive of ice and snow tracks, as well as the flowing “ribbons” of the National Speed Skating Oval.The oval is one of the two new competition __10__ (site) in downtown Beijing expected to become a landmark of the Games, according to its chief designer Cao Xue.
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______9.______ 10.______
专题9 定语从句
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了作为2022年冬奥会官方吉祥物的“冰墩墩”的首次亮相及其所蕴含的意义。
1.its 句意为:经过数月的期待,2022年冬奥会的官方吉祥物——一个以大熊猫为原型的卡通形象——在北京首钢冰球馆伴随着欢呼雀跃首次公开亮相。分析句子结构可知,此处指“官方吉祥物的首次亮相”,应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
2.is named 句意为:这只熊猫的中文名字叫“冰墩墩”。根据语境可知,此处指客观事实,应用一般现在时。The panda和name之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。主语是单数概念,谓语应用第三人称单数形式,故填is named。
3.shared 句意为:Bing在中文中的意思是“冰”,而Dwen Dwen则表示“健康和聪明”——熊猫也有这些特征。分析句子结构可知,while引导的状语从句中已有谓语suggests,故此处应用非谓语形式作characteristics的后置定语;且share和characteristics之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故填shared。
专题9 定语从句
4.a 句意为:熊猫将中国的传统文化和现代外观与冬季运动元素结合在一起,形成一个有趣的形象,显示出我们对奥运会的巨大期望。根据句意可知,image意为“形象”时为可数名词,此处泛指“一个有趣的形象”,应用不定冠词;且 fascinating的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
5.Additionally 句意为:担任组委会执行主席的陈吉宁说:“此外,这表明我们欢迎全世界”。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰整个句子,故填Additionally,设空处位于句首,注意首字母大写。
6.as 句意见上一题解析。此处考查固定搭配,serve as意为“担任”,故填as。
7.more 句意为:这个吉祥物比上一个融入了更多中国人的元素和特点,它将成为中国和第24届冬奥会的优秀大使。根据句意以及空后的than可知,此处应用形容词比较级。故填more。
8.which 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为This mascot,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。
专题9 定语从句
9.surrounding 句意为:环绕吉祥物脸部的光环让人联想到冰雪赛道,以及国家速滑馆流动的“丝带”。分析句子结构可知,本句为主系表结构,is为系动词,故此处应用非谓语形式作后置定语,surround与The ring of light之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词,故填surrounding。
10.sites 句意为:据吉祥物总设计师曹雪介绍,这个场馆是北京市中心两个新的竞赛场地之一,有望成为奥运会的一个地标性建筑。site作名词时可数,“one of+名词复数”表示“……之一”,故填sites。
专题9 定语从句
D组-语法填空
建议用时-8分钟
Life pressure can be big enough, so we need to be surrounded by warm phrases, or even some blind confidence.Recently, a new trend—seeking praise from strangers—__1__ (go) popular on social media among China's young people.Many chat groups have been formed to show kindness and support __2__ members.These “in need of praise” chat groups are __3__ reflection of Chinese culture where openly __4__ (seek) and giving praise is uncommon, leading many people to hide their true emotions even from their families.
For young people, gaining recognition from peers is more important than getting __5__ (approve) from the older generations.They can feel a sense of belonging and gain encouragement, __6__ is beneficial to their mental health.
专题9 定语从句
As long as people's praise doesn't sound insincere, we are likely __7__ (welcome) it.Being __8__ (rich) recognized for what we do or who we are just feels good.However, anyone giving or receiving praise in such groups should be __9__ (caution).Such praise comes at a cost.And the biggest risk is the constant emphasis on the “false self”, which __10__ (make) it harder to see the “true self”.
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______9.______ 10.______
专题9 定语从句
【语篇导读】对年轻人来说,获得同龄人的认可更能让他们获得归属感和鼓励,这对他们的心理健康是有益的。然而,这种寻求认同的方式所面临的最大风险是不断强调“虚假的自我”,这使人们更难看到“真正的自我”。
1.has gone 句意为:最近,一种新趋势——向陌生人寻求夸奖,在社交媒体上的中国年轻人群体之中流行起来。根据句中的时间状语Recently并结合语境可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语a new trend为第三人称单数概念,故填 has gone。
2.to 句意为:许多聊天群已经被建立来向群成员表示善意和支持。show sth. to sb.为固定搭配, 意为“向某人展示某物”,故填 to。
3.a 句意为:这些“需要表扬”的聊天群反映了中国文化,在中国文化中,公开寻求和给予表扬是不常见的,这导致许多人甚至对家人也隐瞒自己的真实情感。reflection意为“反映;显示”时,为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且reflection的发音以辅音音素开头,故填 a。
4.seeking 句意见上一题解析。在where引导的定语从句中,谓语动词为is,主语为openly________ and giving praise,设空处与giving为and连接的并列成分,形式应保持一致,因此seek 也应用动名词形式,故填 seeking。
专题9 定语从句
5.approval 句意为:对年轻人来说,获得同龄人的认可比获得老一辈人的认可更重要。此处位于getting后作宾语,应用名词形式,故填 approval。
6.which 句意为:他们能感受到一种归属感并获得鼓励,这对他们的心理健康是有益的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为前半句的内容,故填 which。
7.to welcome 句意为:只要人们的赞扬听起来不虚伪,我们很可能会乐意接受这些称赞。be likely to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“可能做某事”,故填 to welcome。
8.richly 句意为:因我们做的事情或我们自身而被完全认可的感觉很好。设空处修饰Being recognized, 应用副词。故填 richly。
专题9 定语从句
9.cautious 句意为:然而,在这样的群组中,任何给予他人赞扬或接受表扬的人都应该谨慎。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作表语,应用形容词,故填cautious。
10.makes 句意为:而且最大的风险是不断强调“虚假的自我”,这使得人们更难看到“真正的自我”。分析句子成分可知,设空处在 which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语,which指代the constant emphasis on the “false self”,为单数概念;且此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故填 makes。
专题9 定语从句
谢谢聆听