牛津译林版八年级英语上册 Unit 4 Do it yourself 单元知识清单（PDF版无答案）

八译林版八上 Unit4 Do it yourself
单元知识清单
一、重点单词/短语:
可数名词，“指示；用法说明；操作指南”
instruction
复数：instructions
all right：①同意对方的建议或邀请。
②用于 be动词后，表示健康状况（= fine）。
③表示人或事“正常、顺利”。
right
that’s right：表示同意对方的观点，“那是对的，那是正确的”。
that’s all right：①用于对别人致谢的回答，“不用谢”。
②用于对别人致歉的回答，“没关系”。
had better do sth. “最好做某事”
had better
had better 缩写：’d better
①用来回答感谢，“不用谢”。
no problem ②用来回答道歉，“没关系；没什么”。
③用来表示同意或愉快地答应请求，“没问题”。
a pair of scissors “一把剪刀”
scissors
two pairs of scissors “两把剪刀”
“代表，象征”
stand for
通常不用于进行时。
instead：“反而，却”，副词，修饰整个句子，常用于句尾，位于句首时常
用逗号与后面隔开。
instead/instead of
instead of：“而不是，代替”，介词短语，一般置于句首或句中，后面常接
名词、代词或动词-ing（短语）作宾语。
pay sb. to do sth. “花钱雇某人做某事”
pay pay for “付……的费用，买……”
pay + 钱数 “付某人……钱”
pay...for... “付多少钱买……”
“对……着迷”
be crazy about be crazy about sth. “对某事着迷”
be crazy about doing sth. “对做某事着迷”
形容词，“可怕的”
terrible
副词形式：terribly “非常，很”
He once lived in Shanghai. adv. “曾经，一度”
once a week adv. “一次”（频度副词）
相关短语：
once at once 立刻，马上
all at once 突然
once again/once more “再一次，再次”
once upon a time 很早以前，从前
put in 安装
put on 穿上，戴上；举办，上演
put out 扑灭
put up 张贴；搭建；举起
put put off 推迟
put away 将……收起
put back 将……放回
put down 放下
put through 完成
make a mistake “犯错误”
mistake
by mistake “错误地，无意中”
“用……填充”
fill...with...
被动：be filled with = be full of
“不仅……而且……” “……和……都”
就近原则；
not only...but (also)...
连接两个并列分句，且 not only...位于句首时，not only后的分句要使用部
分倒装。
above：表示一物在另一物的上方，不一定是正上方，两者不接触。
above/on/over on：表示一物在另一物的表面上，强调两者接触。
over：表示一物在另一物的正上方，两者不接触。
other：“别的，其他的”。
other/ the other：指两者中的另一个。one...the other...“（两者中的）一个……另一
the other/ 个……”。
another another：既可作限定词，也可作代词，泛指三个（以上）或不确定数量中
的任意一个。
advise sb. (not) to do sth. “建议某人（不）做某事”
advise dong sth. “建议做某事”
advise sb. against doing sth. “劝说某人别做某事”
advise
名词形式：advice 不可数
a piece of advice “一条建议”
give sb. advice on sth. “在某方面给某人建议”
attend “经常去；出席，参加”
fail to do sth. “未能做某事，某事没做成”
fail
fail in sth./doing sth. “在某方面或做某事失败”
tell sb. (not) to do sth. “告诉某人（不要）做某事”
tell
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. “告诉某人某事”
cut out 剪出
cut down 砍倒；减少
cut相关短语 cut in 插嘴
cut up 切碎
cut off 切掉；中断
on the other side of 在……的另一面
give up “放弃” give up doing sth. “放弃做某事”
be late for “迟到”
prep. “没，无”
without
without doing sth.”没有做某事，不必做某事”
sometimes/ sometimes：“有时”。
some times/ some times：“几次，几回”
sometime/some time
sometime：“在某时”
some time：“一段时间”
add...to... “把……添加到……里”
add add to “增加”
add up to “总计为”
“确保；查明；弄清楚”
make sure of sth.
make sure make sure + that从句
be sure of sth. “对某事有把握”
be sure (not) to do sth. “一定（不）要做某事”
for example：常用来举例同类人或事物中的一个，可置于句中、句首或句
for example/
末。
such as
such as：常用来列举同类人或事物中的几个，位于所列举的对象之前。
prepare sth./sb. (for...) “（为……）准备某物/某人”
prepare prepare for sth. “为某事做准备”
prepare to do sth. “准备做某事”
“使处于某种状态”后接形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式等作宾语
补足语。
过去式：left
leave “离开”：leave for + 地点名词 “出发去某地”
leave A for B “离开 A地去 B地”
leave sth./sb. + adv./介词短语 “把某物/某人留在某处”
leave a message “留言”
“该做某事了，是做某事的时间了”
It’s time for sth. = It’s time to do sth.
It's time for sb. to do sth. “某人该做某事了”
stop to do sth：“停下来去做某事”，表示停止正在做的事，而去做另一件事。
stop
stop doing sth：“停止做某事”，表示停止正在做的事。
correct：adj. “正确的”（=right）
incorrect：adj. “不正确的”
correct
correctly：adv. “正确地”
incorrectly：adv. “正确地”
be certain that“确定……”
be certain to do sth：“有把握做某事”
certain
be certain of sth. “对某事有把握”
adv.(副词)形式：certainly = of course
possible as...as possible “尽可能”
v.“收拾妥，整理好”
tidy up adj.“整洁的，整齐的”
反义词：untidy“不整洁的”
decide to do sth. “决定做某事”
decide
n.形式：decision 例：make a decision “作决定”
wrong go wrong “弄错；犯错；（机器）出故障”
n.“拼写”
spell 过去式：spelt/spelled
现在分词/名词形式：spelling
“粘住，钉住”
stick
过去式：stuck
n.“封面”“盖子”
cover
v.“覆盖，盖上”cover with
v.“完成”= finish
complete adj.完全的，彻底的
pletely 完全地，彻底地
Comic strip&Welcome to the unit
一、Do it yourself.你亲手做。
二、Here are clear instructions.这儿是清晰的说明【倒装句】
1) instruction n. 在表示说明或者指示的时候，往往用复数形式。其动词形是 instruct。
例：You need to read instructions before you use this phone.
2) clear adj. “清楚的，明白的，清晰的”，也可作动词，“使……清楚，明白，清晰”，
其其副词形式 clearly。
例：We are happy to see this clear photo.看到这张清晰的照片我们很开心。
例：Could you say it clearly again 你能清楚地在说一遍吗？
三、You’d better get some tools.最好拿些工具。
you’d better do sth.= you had better do sth. 其后只能接动词的原形，不能加 to。
否定句型 you’d better not do。
例：You’d better make a home page by yourselves. 你们最好独立制作主页。
例：You’d better not go to bed late.你最好不要睡的太晚。
四、---What’s DIY exactly 准确地说 DIY是什么？
---It stands for “do-it-yourself”.它代表着”do it yourself”
stand for “代表，象征”，后面常接名词或名词性短语。
例：What does a rose stand for 玫瑰象征什么呢？
例：It stands for love. 它代表着爱情。
五、When you do DIY, you make, repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone
to do it.当你自己做的时候，你制作，修理或者你自己装饰东西，而不付钱请人做。
1)instead 和 instead of
★instead是 adv. 意为“反而，却”，可位于句子的开头，这时多用逗号与句子的主体部分
隔开；instead 也可位于句末，此时不用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。
例：Jack didn’t have noodles for lunch. Instead, he had rice and fish.
例：Ann said nothing. She began to cry instead.
★instead of是短语介词，意为“代替，而不是”，在句中的位置比较灵活，其后可接名词（短
语）、代词或 v-ing形式。
例如：Mary’s uncle is leaving for Russia instead of Japan.
例如：Jim is going to play football instead of me.
例如：The two boys do their homework instead of playing computer games on weekends.
例如：David went to the museum by bus instead of on foot.
【注意】instead 和 instead of 有时可以互相转换。
Lisa didn’t go to the party. Instead, she went shopping.
= Lisa went shopping instead of going to the party.
2) pay sb. (money)to do sth.“付钱给某人，付某人工资”，中间不能加任何介词;
当译为“为……付款……时，常见结构 pay …for sth.
例：pay the bill 付账单
例：pay me 100 yuan every month 每月付我 100元
例：She paid 10 dollars for the book. 这本书她付了 10美元。
六、make some paper roses.做一些纸玫瑰。
七、sound lovely 听起来很可爱。【系表结构】
回顾七年级：look good/beautiful/happy/modern,taste good,sound good,smell nice...等等
八、a pair of scissors 一把剪刀
two pairs of scissors 两把剪刀
九、enjoy making something new 喜爱做新东西。
Reading
一、My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY.我的表弟 Andrew对 DIY很痴迷。
be crazy about(doing)sth.痴迷于(做)某事=like/enjoy(doing)sth.very much
二、look terrible 看起来可怕【系表结构】
terrible adj.可怕的
terribly adv.可怕地
三、try to put in a brighter light 尝试着安装一盏更加明亮的灯。
put in 安装---put相关的短语请见以上单词词组汇总
四、make a mistake 犯个错误【主语为人，常用于指人制造的错误】
mistake除做名词外还可做动词 v.”误认为”→过去式 mistook
【拓展】1,mistake A for B 将 A误认为是 B
例：I often mistake Lucy for Lily.They look the same
2,take sth.by mistake 误拿了某物
例：I took Tom’s English book by mistake yesterday我昨天误拿了Tom的英语书。
五、have a power cut 停电
六、He wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall, but he hit a pipe and filled the room
with water.他想在卧室的墙上挂一幅画，但他撞到了一根管子，把房间灌满了水。
put up 悬挂，张贴，搭建，举起
fill意为“（使）充满”，作及物动词
①fill sth. with sth. 用...把...装满【主动语态】例：Smoke filled the room. 房间里烟雾弥漫。
②...be filled with...=be full of 【被动语态】
例：The bottle is/was filled with water=The bottle is/was full of water.
七、paint the house blue 把房子涂成蓝色
八、But he kept on painting.但是他继续粉刷。
keep (on) doing sth. 保持一直做某事/不停做某事
例：keep on driving
例：Prices keep on increasing. 物价不断上涨。
九、Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor.现在客厅不仅
墙壁是蓝色的，天花板和地板也是蓝色的。
not only...but also 不仅…… ，而且……【常与 both...and...同义转化】
例：He not only sings well but also writes music. 他不但唱的好，而且还会谱曲。
特别注意：当连接两个并列主语时，not only...but also...符合谓语就近的原则,谓语动词要和 but
also后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
例：Not only you but also he is crazy about decorating houses.
=Both you and he are crazy about decoration houses.
九、spend five hours putting up the shelf on the wall.花 5个小时将架子挂到墙上。
spend 花费【人做主语】 spend time/money (on)doing sth.
十、Whoops! They couldn’t stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the
other!
哎呀！书无法摆在上面，因为架子的一端比另一端高出好多。
【副词 much+ 形容词比较级】体现比较的程度。
例：I know much more about DIY than my cousin.
十一、I advised him to take a course in DIY.我建议他去上一门有关 DIY的课程。
advise “建议；忠告，劝告”，可以作 vt，也可以作 vi
作不及物动词 vi 例：Mrs Lin advised operation
作及物动词 vt【advise sb.(not) to do sth.建议某人(不要)做某事】，后可接名词（短语）、
代词、动词不定式或 v-ing形式。
例：The doctor advised me to exercise more.
例：Tina advises going out to have a picnic this weekend.
advise的名词形式为 advice，它是不可数名词，“建议；忠告，劝告”
一条建议；一句忠告：a piece / word of advice
例：Can I give you a piece / word of advice
advice 也常用于其他短语：
give sb. advice （给某人提建议），
take one’s advice （接受某人的建议），
follow one’s advice （遵循某人的建议）等。
十二、make him angry 使他生气【make+宾语+形容词做宾补】
十三、attened lessons=have lessons 上课
attened the meeting 参加会议
attened the wedding 出席婚礼
十四、I know much more about DIY than my cousin.我比我的表哥对 DIY了解的多得多。
十五、Suzy’s cousin fail to put in a new light in his bedroom.Suzy的表弟没能在卧室装一盏新
灯。
fail to do sth.未能做某事
fail (in) sth.做某事失败
fail in doing sth.做某事失败
十六、get better at DIY 在 DIY方面变得更好
Intergrated skills
一、How to make a fruit salad.如何做一个水果色拉。
二、mix them together 把他们混合在一起
mixed adj. 混合的
mixture n. 混合物
三、Cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces.将一些大片的水果切成小片。
四、add A to B 将 A添加到 B里面
例：Please add some milk to the tea.
五、Tips for making a fruit salad 做水果色拉的提示/建议
=advice/suggestions on making a fruit salad
六、use fruit in season 使用当季水果
七、make sure it is fresh 确保它是新鲜的【make/be sure+(that)宾语从句】
八、use fruit of different colours 用不同颜色的水果
colour n.<英式>
color n.<美式>
九、make your fruit salad look as good as it tastes 让你的水果色拉色味俱佳
十、【重点】①for example”例如”【后面有逗号，常接一个具体的事例】
例：We are facing many problems.For example,noise is one of them.
②such as”例如”【后面没有逗号，前面有逗号，常接多个并列的句子】
such as 常转化为 like”像”（但 like前后均无逗号）
例：I have many hobbies,such as swimming,running,playing chess and so on.
十一、make salad look colourful 使沙拉看上去五彩缤纷
十二、prepare the fruit salad 准备水果沙拉
【区分】prepare sth. 准备某物
prepare for sth.=get ready for sth.为某事而做好准备工作
十三、leave it in the air for some time 将它放在空气中一段时间
【重点】leave sb.alone=leave sb. By oneself 将某人单独留下
leave the window open 使窗户处于开着的状态【leave+宾语+adj.作宾补】
leave the light on 让灯一直开
leave the water running 让水一直流淌
十四、Are sandwiches quick and easy to make 三明治做起来又快又容易吗？
=It’s easy and quick to make sandwiches.三明治做起来又快又容易。
Study skills
形容词前缀 un/in/im+形容词 →构成形容词的反义词
un-- un--
certain uncertain usual unusual
sure unsure important unimportant
comfortable uncomfortable lucky unlucky
interesting uninteresting kind unkind
happy unhappy able unable
in-- im--
correct incorrect(不正确的) patient impatient(没有耐心的)
active inactive(不积极的) possible impossible(不可能的)
direct indirect(不争取的) polite impolite(不礼貌的)
expensive inexpensive(便宜的)
formal(正式的) informal(非正式的)
dis--
honest dishonest
一、do outdoor sports 做户外运动
二、It is unusual for me to stay at home all day 对我来说整天呆在家里是不寻常的。
三、It is impossible to sleep with all that noise。与那噪音同眠是不可能的。
四、be able to=can “能够”
be unable to= be not able to =can’t
五、I’m certain about how to do it.我确定如何做这件事情
unsure=uncertain adj.”不确定的”
①be certain/sure about sth.对某事有把握
②be certain/sure to do sth. 一定/肯定做某事
③be certain/sure +(that)宾语从句
六、all over the floor 遍地都是
all over the world 世界各地，全世界
七、tidy (it) up 把(它)整理好【动副词组】
八、right now 立刻，此刻，目前
=at once(立刻)=at the moment(此刻)
Task
一、make her a birthday card by myself 我自己独自给她做一张生日卡片
【make sb. sth.=make sth. for sb.给/为某人做某事】
二、I went to Sandy’s home to make the card because I wanted to keep it secret.
keep it secret 其中 secret是 adj. 作宾补 句型结构为 【keep sth. + adj.】
secret还可以做 n.， keep secrets “保守秘密”。
例：keep you happy 让你保持开心
例：keep our classroom clean 保持我们的教室干净
三、I planned to make the card with some roses on it.我计划做上面带玫瑰花的卡片。
四、help me with the drawing=help me (to) draw pictures 帮助我画画
五、Have fun working together 一起工作很开心
【have fun doing sth.开心做某事】
六、lots of things go wrong 许多东西出故障/弄错
【go wrong 主语为物，常用于机器出故障】
七、during that time 在那段时间
八、keep spelling the words wrong 一直拼错单词
spell 过去式 spelt/spelled
九、colour the roses red 把玫瑰涂成红色
十、Cut out a picture of colourful balloons 剪出一幅彩色气球的图片
十一、I also cut out a picture of colorful balloons and stuck it on the cover
stick the roses on the cover 把玫瑰花贴在封面
stick过去式 stuck
stick sth. on sth. 把……粘贴到……上
例：Don’t stick any stickers on your textbook. 不要把贴纸粘在你的书上。
十二、This is the first card I made for Mum.这是我为妈妈做的第一张卡片
【定语从句修饰 card】
十三、When I completed the card, there was paint on everything…
complete “完成”。用法和 finish相似，可以直接加名词或动名词。
complete doing sth.=finish doing sth.做完某事
例：complete/ finish the job 完成这个工作
例：complete/finish doing homework 写完作业
十四、make things from old clothes 用旧衣服做东西
十五、put together a piece of furniture 组装意见家具
furniture “家具” 不可数 n.
练习：
一、单选。
1,The apples will go bad if you leave them in the air for___________.
A,sometimes B,some times C,some time D,sometime
2,The room is not bright enough.I need to _______a light in it.
A,put in B,put on C,put up D,put out
3,-Do not play with fire,Tom.It is dangerous.----_______________.
A,Ok,I will B,No,I won’t C,Yes, I will D,Yes,I won’t
4,--Don’t drink wine any more.It’s bad for your health.
--I’m trying to _______.It’s really hard,you know.
A,tidy it up B,put it out C,cut it out D,give it up
5,--It is useless to spend much time on study.I will not study any more.
--Please do not.Nothing is _______if you are hard-working enough.
A,unimportant B,impossible C,uninteresting D,incorrect
6,You can see a picture on one side of the card and a word on______side.
A,each B,both C,every D,the other
7,Tom is ______about playing football.He even plays it when it rains.
A,interested B,fond C,afraid D,crazy
8,Millie didn’t stop working when I got there.She just kept_________the wall.
A,to paint B,painted C,painting D,on point
9,Let us______patient and wait for the result quietly.
A,be B,are C,to be D,not to be
10,When autumn comes,the grass will_______yellow.
A,turn B,became C,get D,change
二、词汇运用。
1,Peter was sad because he made a_____________(可怕的)mistake.
2,The doctor_________(建议)me to do more exercise yesterday.
3,He tied(系)himself around a __________(绳索) before climbing up the rocks.
4,Please read the__________(指示)carefully before you start to fix the toy car.
5,Oh,we___________(已经)eat too much meat.We can’t eat any more.
6,---Thank you for_______(使....充满)this glass for me,Tom.----My pleasure.
7,The twins takes different_________(课程)because they have different hobbies.
8,---Can you make__________(句子)with these words ------Of course.
9,---Can you help me with the problem
---Sorry,look at the blackboard.It_______(写道),”Do it yourself”.
10,These boys kept on___________for two hours.(draw)
11,Grandpa taught himself French without________(attend)school when he was young.
12,You’d better_________(not put)too much sugar into the dish or it will be too sweet.
13,Mrs Green with her two daughters always_________(try)different kinds of food.
14,How________(active)Tom is in class!He never hands up to answer the questions
15,Suzy failed________(pass)the English test last week.
16,Don’t wear__________(comfortable)shoes.They’re bad for your feet.
17,My friend Lin Tao is crazy about___________(play)basketball.
18,Tom________(cut)his finger carelessly.Luckily,it was not badly hurt.
19,--How many_______(brush)are there on the floor ---Ten.
20,Mary____________(decorate)her bedroom tomorrow,isn’t she
三、同义句转化。
1,He will teach himself French.He won’t take a course in French.
He will teach himself French______ _______ ________a course in French.
2,Kate’s father advised that she should learn all the subjects well.
Kate’s father ______ her________ __________all the subjects well.
3,Monica is my English teacher.She is my friend,too.
Monica is _______ _______my English teacher_______ ________my friend.
4,Staying at home all day is unusual for me.
________ not_______for me________stay at home all day.
5,Jim enjoys playing chess very much.
Jim is_______ ________ _________chess.