2024届高三英语复习：阅读理解题型对应的解题策略及2023年全国乙卷真题学案（含答案）
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英语阅读理解题型对应的解题策略及2023年全国乙卷真题-2024届高三英语复习
一、细节理解题
细节理解题通常会针对某个特定的细节出题，题型可以多样化。
一般有两种类型：一是直接理解题，可以直接定位原文并找到答案；二是同义转换题，正确答案项是由原文相关词汇paraphrase（释义）而来，即用英语解释英语的重要原因。做该类试题一般要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
【设问形式】常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误，即是非判断题。如下：
（1）Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage
（2） Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage
（3） Which is the right order of the events given in the passage
（4） All the following statements are NOT true except_______.
（5） What can we learn from the passage
【例题一】
For Canaan elementary second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
24. What made Chris nervous （ ）
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
二、词义猜测题
在高考英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型，主要考查学生的猜测能力和判断能力。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。解题过程中，考生会遇到两个障碍：一是单词都认识却不知道句意；二是单词完全陌生，出现理解困难或理解偏差，影响阅读效率。这就要求学生要树立起context（语境）观念，从上下文着手”顺藤摸瓜”。
【设问形式】
（1）Which of the following can replace the underlined word... in paragraph...
（2）The underlined word“...”means____
（3）The word“...”refers to _____
（4）What do you think the expression“...”stands for
【解题思路】
（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测；根据同义词、反义词猜测；根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。
（2）代词指代题：首先从宏观上充分把握代词（it, them, those等）指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；其次，从微观入手抓住关键词，理顺逻辑关系，从而推断代词指代的内容。
（3）句意猜测题：在阅读原文的基础上，对划线的句子进行语法及语义上的准确分析，从原文意义出发对划线句子做恰当符合逻辑的推理判断。
【例题一】
I am peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. （来源：2016全国Ⅰ卷C篇）
29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1？
A . provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor
【例题二】
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.（来源：2019 全国Ⅰ卷 B篇）25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Improper pauses B. Bad manners C. Spelling mistakes D. Silly jokes
三、推理判断题
高考阅读理解推理判断题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文字背后隐含的意义和深层意思，即通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息去推断出作者没有直接表达出来的深层意思。推理判断隐含意义不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中设题处相关的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，得出言外之意，从而揭示文章的内涵意义。【设问形式】
（1）It can be inferred/implied from the text that_______.
（2）What do we know about...
（3）We can infer from... that_____.
（4）What does the author mean that...
解题思路：推理判断题的答案不可能原文中直接找到，所以选项有原文句意的句子一般都是错误选项，可以先排除。推理时务必要准确定位并忠于原文，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，找到作者的言外之意。切忌妄加评论、主观臆断，更不可望文生义。除此之外，还要注意几点误区：原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论；文中无关紧要或片面的结论；与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论；不合常理或不合逻辑的推论；虽然符合常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。考生一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论；二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
【例题】
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”（来源：2019全国I卷B篇）
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
四、主旨大意题
高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查考生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。这类题目考查方式为：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。
【设问方式】
1.【标题归纳题】常见设问形式：
（1）What may/can be the best title for the text
（2）The best title for the text would be______.
（3）Which of the following can be the best title for the text
（4）What might be the most suitable title for the text ....
2.【主题归纳题】常见的设问形式：
（1）The main idea of the passage is…
（2）The passage is mainly about…
（3）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
（4）What is the passage mainly about
A.【主题归纳题】解题思路：
归纳总结主题包括对整篇文章和对段落的大意总结。对整篇文章的大意总结一是需要利用文章的主题段来把握文章的中心思想。主题段通常出现在文章开头和结尾。对段落大意的总结和概括主要通过寻找主题句的方法来完成。主题句因文章不同，位置各异，具体如下：
主题句在开头：先提出观点，再举例论证或细节解释观点；
主题句在末尾：先表述细节或举例，再归纳结论或结果；
主题句在中间：开头先介绍背景或细节，中间综合或概括出主题，后面再用具体的事实进一步说明或发展前面的主题；
主题句首尾呼应：开头点出主题，中间加以解释，末尾再次强调主题或对前面的事实做出进一步的概括，虽然前后主题中心思想一致，但表述不尽相同；
无主题句：注意反复出现的关键词，再进行归纳总结。
B.【标题归纳题】解题思路：
在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：
1）首先要在对原文理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。
2）确定文章标题时要注意容易犯的几个错误：涵盖内容片面，以偏概全；标题过于笼统，过于概括；标题集中在一些文章的事实或细节而没有对文章的中心思想有一个提升和概括；选标题时要站在作者和原文的角度理解，忌主观臆断。
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was sill populated by hunter-gatherers , small tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000; Africa 2400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busum in Cameroon(eight remaining Speaker), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark) none of these seems to have much chance of survival.（来源：2018 全国卷I卷C篇）
31. What is the main idea of the text
A.New languages will be created.
B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion lie Are we, as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran, “So I want to continue those dialogue. Those are the things I want to foster.”（来源：2017 全国I卷C篇）
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Exploring the Future of jazz. B．The Rise and Fall of jazz.
C．The Story of a jazz Musician. D．Celebrating the Jazz Day.
五、观点态度题
高考阅读理解中观点态度题是常见题型。考查学生把握作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。对某一观点是支持还是反对或对某一观点持积极态度还是消极态度；对文中提及的人或事等是褒扬、同情、漠不关心还是厌恶憎恨等。考生需要抓住原文中能体现情感态度的修饰词去推理作者及文中人物的态度和思想倾向。
【设问形式】
(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to…
(2)What’s the tone of the passage
(3)The author’s view is _______
(4)The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________
(5)The author’s opinion could be best described as_________
(6)Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with
(7)Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____
【解题思路】
首先通读全文或全段，理解文章或段落的内容和大意。其次，找到体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例，同时注意流露作者思想倾向或感彩的形容词、副词、动词等关键词。考生应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。
（1）表客观的词: objective, neutral
（2）表主观的词：subjective主观的
（3）表态度积极的词：positive（肯定的，积极的），favorable（赞成的、有利的），supportive（支持的），optimistic（乐观的），confident（自信的）
（4）表消极意义的词：negative（否定的、消极的），critical（批评的），sarcastic（讽刺的），worried（焦虑的），pessimistic（悲观的），suspicious（怀疑的）doubtful（可疑的)
考生在做题时要特别关注文章的措辞，尤其注意那些能表明感彩的词，如improving, encouraging, disappointing，fortunately, excessively, too many等，领悟作者的写作态度。另外,要注意干扰项常常具有三个特点：
(1)可能是考生自己的某种观点；
(2)社会普遍的一种倾向，文中没有信息支持；
(3)与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等；
(4)注意区分作者态度与引用别人的态度。
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were graduallydisplacedby human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.（来源：2017全国Ⅲ卷C篇）
31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
高考真题
一
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geogaphical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar，either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within 10-minute time frame, I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route( 路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.(2023全国乙卷英语阅读理解B篇)
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devils Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
答案：BACB
二
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-then-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer " uncool" for boys to like cooking.（2023全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
28. What do people usually think of British food
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. .
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
29. Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A.20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
31. What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
答案: ADDB
一、细节理解题
细节理解题通常会针对某个特定的细节出题，题型可以多样化。
一般有两种类型：一是直接理解题，可以直接定位原文并找到答案；二是同义转换题，正确答案项是由原文相关词汇paraphrase（释义）而来，即用英语解释英语的重要原因。做该类试题一般要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
【设问形式】常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误，即是非判断题。如下：
（1）Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage
（2） Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage
（3） Which is the right order of the events given in the passage
（4） All the following statements are NOT true except_______.
（5） What can we learn from the passage
【例题一】
For Canaan elementary second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
24. What made Chris nervous （ ）
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
二、词义猜测题
在高考英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型，主要考查学生的猜测能力和判断能力。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。解题过程中，考生会遇到两个障碍：一是单词都认识却不知道句意；二是单词完全陌生，出现理解困难或理解偏差，影响阅读效率。这就要求学生要树立起context（语境）观念，从上下文着手”顺藤摸瓜”。
【设问形式】
（1）Which of the following can replace the underlined word... in paragraph...
（2）The underlined word“...”means____
（3）The word“...”refers to _____
（4）What do you think the expression“...”stands for
【解题思路】
（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测；根据同义词、反义词猜测；根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。
（2）代词指代题：首先从宏观上充分把握代词（it, them, those等）指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；其次，从微观入手抓住关键词，理顺逻辑关系，从而推断代词指代的内容。
（3）句意猜测题：在阅读原文的基础上，对划线的句子进行语法及语义上的准确分析，从原文意义出发对划线句子做恰当符合逻辑的推理判断。
【例题一】
I am peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. （来源：2016全国Ⅰ卷C篇）
29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1？
A . provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor
【例题二】
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.（来源：2019 全国Ⅰ卷 B篇）25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Improper pauses B. Bad manners C. Spelling mistakes D. Silly jokes
三、推理判断题
高考阅读理解推理判断题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文字背后隐含的意义和深层意思，即通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息去推断出作者没有直接表达出来的深层意思。推理判断隐含意义不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中设题处相关的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，得出言外之意，从而揭示文章的内涵意义。【设问形式】
（1）It can be inferred/implied from the text that_______.
（2）What do we know about...
（3）We can infer from... that_____.
（4）What does the author mean that...
解题思路：推理判断题的答案不可能原文中直接找到，所以选项有原文句意的句子一般都是错误选项，可以先排除。推理时务必要准确定位并忠于原文，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，找到作者的言外之意。切忌妄加评论、主观臆断，更不可望文生义。除此之外，还要注意几点误区：原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论；文中无关紧要或片面的结论；与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论；不合常理或不合逻辑的推论；虽然符合常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。考生一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论；二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
【例题】
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”（来源：2019全国I卷B篇）
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
四、主旨大意题
高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查考生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。这类题目考查方式为：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。
【设问方式】
1.【标题归纳题】常见设问形式：
（1）What may/can be the best title for the text
（2）The best title for the text would be______.
（3）Which of the following can be the best title for the text
（4）What might be the most suitable title for the text ....
2.【主题归纳题】常见的设问形式：
（1）The main idea of the passage is…
（2）The passage is mainly about…
（3）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
（4）What is the passage mainly about
A.【主题归纳题】解题思路：
归纳总结主题包括对整篇文章和对段落的大意总结。对整篇文章的大意总结一是需要利用文章的主题段来把握文章的中心思想。主题段通常出现在文章开头和结尾。对段落大意的总结和概括主要通过寻找主题句的方法来完成。主题句因文章不同，位置各异，具体如下：
主题句在开头：先提出观点，再举例论证或细节解释观点；
主题句在末尾：先表述细节或举例，再归纳结论或结果；
主题句在中间：开头先介绍背景或细节，中间综合或概括出主题，后面再用具体的事实进一步说明或发展前面的主题；
主题句首尾呼应：开头点出主题，中间加以解释，末尾再次强调主题或对前面的事实做出进一步的概括，虽然前后主题中心思想一致，但表述不尽相同；
无主题句：注意反复出现的关键词，再进行归纳总结。
B.【标题归纳题】解题思路：
在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：
1）首先要在对原文理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。
2）确定文章标题时要注意容易犯的几个错误：涵盖内容片面，以偏概全；标题过于笼统，过于概括；标题集中在一些文章的事实或细节而没有对文章的中心思想有一个提升和概括；选标题时要站在作者和原文的角度理解，忌主观臆断。
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was sill populated by hunter-gatherers , small tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000; Africa 2400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busum in Cameroon(eight remaining Speaker), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark) none of these seems to have much chance of survival.（来源：2018 全国卷I卷C篇）
31. What is the main idea of the text
A.New languages will be created.
B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion lie Are we, as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran, “So I want to continue those dialogue. Those are the things I want to foster.”（来源：2017 全国I卷C篇）
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Exploring the Future of jazz. B．The Rise and Fall of jazz.
C．The Story of a jazz Musician. D．Celebrating the Jazz Day.
五、观点态度题
高考阅读理解中观点态度题是常见题型。考查学生把握作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。对某一观点是支持还是反对或对某一观点持积极态度还是消极态度；对文中提及的人或事等是褒扬、同情、漠不关心还是厌恶憎恨等。考生需要抓住原文中能体现情感态度的修饰词去推理作者及文中人物的态度和思想倾向。
【设问形式】
(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to…
(2)What’s the tone of the passage
(3)The author’s view is _______
(4)The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________
(5)The author’s opinion could be best described as_________
(6)Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with
(7)Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____
【解题思路】
首先通读全文或全段，理解文章或段落的内容和大意。其次，找到体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例，同时注意流露作者思想倾向或感彩的形容词、副词、动词等关键词。考生应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。
（1）表客观的词: objective, neutral
（2）表主观的词：subjective主观的
（3）表态度积极的词：positive（肯定的，积极的），favorable（赞成的、有利的），supportive（支持的），optimistic（乐观的），confident（自信的）
（4）表消极意义的词：negative（否定的、消极的），critical（批评的），sarcastic（讽刺的），worried（焦虑的），pessimistic（悲观的），suspicious（怀疑的）doubtful（可疑的)
考生在做题时要特别关注文章的措辞，尤其注意那些能表明感彩的词，如improving, encouraging, disappointing，fortunately, excessively, too many等，领悟作者的写作态度。另外,要注意干扰项常常具有三个特点：
(1)可能是考生自己的某种观点；
(2)社会普遍的一种倾向，文中没有信息支持；
(3)与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等；
(4)注意区分作者态度与引用别人的态度。
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were graduallydisplacedby human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.（来源：2017全国Ⅲ卷C篇）
31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
高考真题
一
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geogaphical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar，either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within 10-minute time frame, I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route( 路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.(2023全国乙卷英语阅读理解B篇)
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devils Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
答案：BACB
二
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-then-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer " uncool" for boys to like cooking.（2023全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
28. What do people usually think of British food
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. .
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
29. Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A.20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
31. What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
答案: ADDB