2024届高三英语二轮复习：定语从句课件(共22张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习：定语从句课件(共22张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 348.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-08-11 21:38:20 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共22张PPT)
定语从句
一、高考真题重现：
1.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all species live within the giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(2022年全国新高考卷1).
2.China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020新课标全国I卷)
that
where
二.认识定语从句：起修饰，限制或附加说明的作用
构成：
+
关系词
先行词
She has two brothers who are working in the city.
+
其他部分
词汇积累：定语从句中常见的名词和动词
常见的名词（先行词）：time 时间，year年，day日子，period时期，girl女孩，boy男孩，student学生，man男人，woman女人，
children孩子们，people人们，class班级，place地方，house房子，village村庄，city城市，factory工厂，theatre戏剧院,reason理由...
常见的及物动词（需＋宾语）
spend花费，find发现，build建造，visit参观，forget忘记，write写...
常见的不及物动词（不需要宾语）
stay 待，be late迟到（for＋宾语），travel 旅行，work工作...
三.如何辨认出定语从句：
定语从句的引导词前一定是名词或者代词,先行词在从句中充当句子成分；
宾语从句的引导词前是动词或者介词；
状语从句的位置可以放主语前面或者句末。
1.T he place which interested me most was the Children`s Palace.
2.Though he`s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
3.I think that he will come tomorrow.
4.I want to know what his name is.
5.Do you know the man whom I spoke to
6.This is the hotel where they stayed last month.
定从
状从
宾从
宾从
定从
定从
四. 定语从句考点复习：关系词的选择
tip：看先行词在从句中做什么句子成分
1. Their child is at the stage __________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (2019天津卷 )
2.There is nothing can be done.
where
that
1、关系词分类：
关系代词：that, who,whom, which, whose（从句中缺主语或者宾语时）
关系副词: where, when, why（从句中缺状语时）
主语：
1.先行词是人
宾语：
2.先行词是物
主语：
宾语：
3.先行词人/物
定语:
Who/that
Who/that/whom/省略
Which/that
Which/that/省略
Whose
8
（1. 当先行词为all、little、much、few 、every 、everything 、any 、anything 、no 、none等不定代词或由它们修饰时，关系代词多用that而不用which。
eg Is there anything (that) I can do for you
All (that) I want is your advice.
There is nothing that can be done.
2、定语从句中一般不用which作关系代词的几种情况：
（2. 先行词前有序数词修饰时，关系词通常用that不用which。
eg. The first thing (that) we need to do is to work out a plan.
（3. 先行词前有形容词或最高级修饰时，关系词通常用that不用which。
eg That was the best film (that) I have ever seen.
（4. 先行词前有the very、the only、the same、the right等修饰时，关系词通常用that不用which。
eg. There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel (that) we could use was animal fat.
（5. 当主句是以which、who、what开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从句的有关系代词一般用that，而不用which。
eg . Which of those books that are on the desk belongs to you
3.只用which的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时（指物且用逗号隔开）
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
The Forbidden City, ________ is in Beijing, is worth visiting.
My father bought me several books, none of ________ (which / that) I like to read.
which
which
1. The man comes from Henan,________is far from here.
2. She met an old friend, ______ invited her to his house for a visit.
3. Our teacher, ______wife fell ill yesterday, can’t come to work today.
4. The foreign guests, ________ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
5. Football, ________ (which / that) is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
四、Practice makes Perfect
which
who
whose
who
which
5、关系代词 as：同种事物中的不同个体
关系代词 as
as也可以引导非限制性定语从句, 从句的位置可在句首、句中或句尾。
定语从句中出现以下动词作谓语
eg. Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.
as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。
as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：
as we all know 众所周知 as is well known 众所周知
as you see 如你所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as has been said before 如前所述as is/was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 正如所见 as is often the case 情况常常是这样
eg. As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.
女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
关系代词as 与which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，as/which 指代整个主句的意思。但as 和which 具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
①as 引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as 引导的此类从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。
As Napoleon once said，attack is the best method of defense.
拿破仑曾经说过，进攻是最好的防御。
②which 引导的定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。which 此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。它引导的从句的位置不像as 引导的从句那样灵活，只能位于主句的后面。
He was late again，which（= and that） made us all angry.
他又迟到了，这使我们大家都生气了。
as 与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）Maria has written two novels，both of___________ have been made into television series.
（2）The air quality in the city，__________is shown in the report，has declined over the past two months.
（3）A lot of language learning，__________ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
which
as
as
六、Practice
七、What have we learned today
8、定语从句中“介词+ which / whom”介词的选择
要掌握“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下两点：
（1）关系代词的选用
在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which，whom 和whose。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，引导词用whom；whose 适用于两者，但要注意whose 后面有它所修饰的名词或代词，因为whose 在定语从句中起到形容词的作用。
The boss in whose company I worked for 10 years has retired.
我供职十年的那家公司的老板退休了。
（2）介词的选用
①根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。
This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.（spend与 on 搭配）
This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.（pay 与 for 搭配）
这就是我花10 元买的那本书。
②根据先行词的搭配习惯。
I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。（on 与the day 搭配）
③表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时用of，有时可用whose转换。
The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors.
那位老妇人有两个儿子，都是医生。
That table has four legs，all of which are very short.
那张桌子有四条腿，都很短。
④根据定语从句所表达的意义。
Air，without which man can’t live，is really important.
空气太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。
Thank you for your attention！
定语从句
一、高考真题重现：
1.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all species live within the giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(2022年全国新高考卷1).
2.China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020新课标全国I卷)
that
where
二.认识定语从句：起修饰，限制或附加说明的作用
构成：
+
关系词
先行词
She has two brothers who are working in the city.
+
其他部分
词汇积累：定语从句中常见的名词和动词
常见的名词（先行词）：time 时间，year年，day日子，period时期，girl女孩，boy男孩，student学生，man男人，woman女人，
children孩子们，people人们，class班级，place地方，house房子，village村庄，city城市，factory工厂，theatre戏剧院,reason理由...
常见的及物动词（需＋宾语）
spend花费，find发现，build建造，visit参观，forget忘记，write写...
常见的不及物动词（不需要宾语）
stay 待，be late迟到（for＋宾语），travel 旅行，work工作...
三.如何辨认出定语从句：
定语从句的引导词前一定是名词或者代词,先行词在从句中充当句子成分；
宾语从句的引导词前是动词或者介词；
状语从句的位置可以放主语前面或者句末。
1.T he place which interested me most was the Children`s Palace.
2.Though he`s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
3.I think that he will come tomorrow.
4.I want to know what his name is.
5.Do you know the man whom I spoke to
6.This is the hotel where they stayed last month.
定从
状从
宾从
宾从
定从
定从
四. 定语从句考点复习：关系词的选择
tip：看先行词在从句中做什么句子成分
1. Their child is at the stage __________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (2019天津卷 )
2.There is nothing can be done.
where
that
1、关系词分类：
关系代词：that, who,whom, which, whose（从句中缺主语或者宾语时）
关系副词: where, when, why（从句中缺状语时）
主语：
1.先行词是人
宾语：
2.先行词是物
主语：
宾语：
3.先行词人/物
定语:
Who/that
Who/that/whom/省略
Which/that
Which/that/省略
Whose
8
（1. 当先行词为all、little、much、few 、every 、everything 、any 、anything 、no 、none等不定代词或由它们修饰时，关系代词多用that而不用which。
eg Is there anything (that) I can do for you
All (that) I want is your advice.
There is nothing that can be done.
2、定语从句中一般不用which作关系代词的几种情况：
（2. 先行词前有序数词修饰时，关系词通常用that不用which。
eg. The first thing (that) we need to do is to work out a plan.
（3. 先行词前有形容词或最高级修饰时，关系词通常用that不用which。
eg That was the best film (that) I have ever seen.
（4. 先行词前有the very、the only、the same、the right等修饰时，关系词通常用that不用which。
eg. There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel (that) we could use was animal fat.
（5. 当主句是以which、who、what开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从句的有关系代词一般用that，而不用which。
eg . Which of those books that are on the desk belongs to you
3.只用which的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时（指物且用逗号隔开）
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
The Forbidden City, ________ is in Beijing, is worth visiting.
My father bought me several books, none of ________ (which / that) I like to read.
which
which
1. The man comes from Henan,________is far from here.
2. She met an old friend, ______ invited her to his house for a visit.
3. Our teacher, ______wife fell ill yesterday, can’t come to work today.
4. The foreign guests, ________ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
5. Football, ________ (which / that) is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
四、Practice makes Perfect
which
who
whose
who
which
5、关系代词 as：同种事物中的不同个体
关系代词 as
as也可以引导非限制性定语从句, 从句的位置可在句首、句中或句尾。
定语从句中出现以下动词作谓语
eg. Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.
as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。
as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：
as we all know 众所周知 as is well known 众所周知
as you see 如你所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as has been said before 如前所述as is/was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 正如所见 as is often the case 情况常常是这样
eg. As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.
女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
关系代词as 与which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，as/which 指代整个主句的意思。但as 和which 具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
①as 引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as 引导的此类从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。
As Napoleon once said，attack is the best method of defense.
拿破仑曾经说过，进攻是最好的防御。
②which 引导的定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。which 此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。它引导的从句的位置不像as 引导的从句那样灵活，只能位于主句的后面。
He was late again，which（= and that） made us all angry.
他又迟到了，这使我们大家都生气了。
as 与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）Maria has written two novels，both of___________ have been made into television series.
（2）The air quality in the city，__________is shown in the report，has declined over the past two months.
（3）A lot of language learning，__________ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
which
as
as
六、Practice
七、What have we learned today
8、定语从句中“介词+ which / whom”介词的选择
要掌握“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下两点：
（1）关系代词的选用
在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which，whom 和whose。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，引导词用whom；whose 适用于两者，但要注意whose 后面有它所修饰的名词或代词，因为whose 在定语从句中起到形容词的作用。
The boss in whose company I worked for 10 years has retired.
我供职十年的那家公司的老板退休了。
（2）介词的选用
①根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。
This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.（spend与 on 搭配）
This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.（pay 与 for 搭配）
这就是我花10 元买的那本书。
②根据先行词的搭配习惯。
I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。（on 与the day 搭配）
③表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时用of，有时可用whose转换。
The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors.
那位老妇人有两个儿子，都是医生。
That table has four legs，all of which are very short.
那张桌子有四条腿，都很短。
④根据定语从句所表达的意义。
Air，without which man can’t live，is really important.
空气太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。
Thank you for your attention！