Unit 1 Friends Welcome to the unit--Reading 知识点详解

Unit 1 Friends Welcome to the unit--Reading知识点详解
Welcome to the unit
1. I’m thirsty too. 我也渴了。
thirsty：adj.“口渴的”，其比较级为________，最高级为________
【拓展】作形容词，还可意为“渴求的，渴望的”。
be thirsty for... “渴求…”
Children in poor areas ________________ for knowledge all the time. 贫困地区的孩子们一直渴求知识。
2. Can I have something to drink 我可以喝点儿什么吗？
something to drink：“喝的东西”。
动词不定式或形容词作定语修饰不定代词, 放在所修饰词之后。
Do you want 你想吃点东西吗
I have to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。
There is in the box.盒子里没有什么其他的东西。
【注意】
①通常在疑问句或否定句中要用anything，但在“Can I… ”“Would you like… ”等表示征求意见或希望得到肯定答复的句型中要用something。
②something与anything，nothing，everything等其他不定代词一样，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Would you like 你想要喝点东西吗
Something wrong with the computer.这台电脑出故障了。
Everything ready for the sports meeting运动会的一切都准备好了。
【举一反三】
1）--- Is there _________ in today's newspaper --- Yes, there is.
A. something interesting B. interesting something
C. anything interesting D. interesting anything
2） I think __________ can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
3. What about some milk 牛奶怎么样？
What about... “……怎么样？”= How about... （后接doing形式）
4. Can I have some more food 我能吃更多食物吗？
some more意为“再来一些”。句中more是many, much的比较级,其前除了用some来修饰之外,还可用many, any, much, a few等，意思是“还；再....”。
【拓展】数词+ more+可数名词 = another+数词+可数名词
The chairs are not enough. We need two more chairs.=We need another two chairs.
【举一反三】
1) Give me water, please.请再给我一些水。
2) Lily needs______balloons for tomorrows party. 为了明天的聚会，莉莉还需要几个气球。
3) Would you like two more apples =Would you like apples 你还要再来两个苹果吗
5. There’s nothing in the fridge. 冰箱里什么也没有。
nothing是不定代词作主语，表示否定，意思是“没有东西，没有事情”
nothing = not anything
have nothing to do with sb/sth 跟某人/物无关
【注意】形容词要放在不定代词之后，即：something/anything/nothing +adj.
【举一反三】
① —Can I have _________ — Of course you can. Here you are
A. anything eat B. something eating C. anything to eat D. something to eat
②-- Smoking brings me a lot of ideas.
--Stop that! After all, ________is more important than health.
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
6. Maybe we can share it. 或许我们可以分着吃。
辨析：maybe/may be
maybe：adv.“可能，也许”，作状语，常位于句首。
may be：情态动词+ be，作谓语，“可能是…；可能”。
Maybe she is at home. = She may at home.
share：v.“分享”。 share sth. with sb. “和某人分享某物”。
7. honest adj. 诚实的;正直的
其比较级是 ，最高级是 ，反义词 。
honest是以元音音素开头的单词，开头的辅音字母h不发音，前面的冠词要用an,不可用a，“一个诚实的男孩” 。
【拓展】
to be honest “老实说，坦白说”= honestly speaking = to tell the truth
To be honest, I don’t like the music at all.
be honest with sb.意为“对某人诚实”
8. secret n.秘密,秘诀
用作名词时，在句中可以作主语、宾语和宾语补足语;常与动词keep 构成固定搭配。
含secret的短语 keep a secret = keep secrets 保守秘密
keep a secret for sb. 为某人保守秘密
keep the/one’s secret to oneself 把秘密藏在某人自己心里
secret用作形容词时，意思是“秘密的”，用作定语修饰名词。
一个秘密的计划____________________________
—What's your _______ of staying healthy
—I do exercise 30 minutes every day and have a balanced (均衡的) diet.
A. trouble B. mistake C. problem D. secret
9. joy =happiness n. 欢乐 adj. joyful =happy=glad
to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是
share one’s joy with sb 与某人分享快乐
10. care n. /v. “关心，在意；关注”
adj. careful “小心的；细心的” ； adv. carefully “细心地”
be careful with… 小心…
反义词：adj. careless “粗心的”； adv. carelessly “粗心地”
take care = look out = be careful小心
take good care of sb= look after sb well 照顾好某人
care about 关心，关怀； care for sb/sth 照料，关心
【举一反三】
(1) May is a ___________ girl and she does everything ____________. （仔细）
(2) You made so many mistakes in your homework yesterday. How _________ you were!
(3) Fire is very dangerous , and we should be _________________（小心用火）.
11. What makes your friend so special 什么使你的朋友这么特别？
make v. 做，制造; 使成为; 使产生;
(1) “成为；适合”，后面通常接名词性短语。make sb+ n.
I think you will ____________________ （成为一名好医生）.
(2) make sb do sth
The boss made the children _________(work) for 12 hours a day in the past.
(3) make +宾语+宾补 “使某人/事……” make sb+ adj
What he said ________________________ （使我很吃惊）.
(4) make it +形容词+(for sb.) to do sth. “使做某事…” 句中it是形式宾语
Our English makes it ______________________________（学英语很有趣）.
【举一反三】
1. Mr. Lee made Tom ________ his homework after school. This made Tom _________.
A. to do; sad B. do; sadly C. do; unhappy D. did; unhappy
2. We must do everything we can _________ our earth cleaner and safer.
A. made B. to making C. make D. to make
3. Mr. Brown always makes his class __________ and keeps his students __________ in class.
A. alive, interesting B. lively, interesting
C. alive, interested D. lively, interested
12. You can trust them because they never tell lies. 你可以相信他们，因为他们从来不说慌。
trust n/v. 信任，相信；信赖 = believe in
I have no trust in you.
tell lies 说谎
【辨析：tell, speak, say, talk】
tell: 告诉，辨别； tell lies说谎；tell jokes说笑话；tell the difference 辨别不同之处
speak: 说话，演讲；speak English说英语
say: 说，讲；后面跟说话的具体内容。
talk: 谈话，讨论 talk with/to sb about sth跟某人讨论某事
lie此处为名词，意为“谎言”，tell lies“说谎”
lie作动词意为“撒谎；躺，位于”。
lie to sb. “对某人撒谎”
原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie (vi. 说谎) lied lied lying
lie (vi. 躺，位于) lay lain lying
lay(平放；放置；下蛋) laid laid laying
(1)他昨天对我们撒谎了。He ________ ________ us yesterday.
(2)地上躺着一个小孩。There was a child ________ ________ the ground.
(3)At the foot of the mountain ________(lie) a village
(4)The hens________ 50 eggs last week.
(5)The famous bookshop ________(lie) on Charing Cross Road in London in the 1940s.
13. polite adj. 有礼貌的，文雅的
be polite to sb. “对某人有礼貌”。
adv. politely
反义词：impolite adj. 无礼的，粗鲁的，不客气的
Jim is a very quiet and polite person.
1. It is very ____________ of you to stare at a girl's face. (polite)
2. Another thing you should do is to ____________ tell them what to do next. (polite)
14. humorous adj. 幽默的 n. humour 幽默
have a (good) sense of humour = be (very) humorous (很)有幽默感
15. tidy adj. 整洁的，爱整洁的 反义：untidy
16. Can you tell him/her everything about yourself 你会告诉他/她有关你自己的所有事吗？
yourself：反身代词，“你自己”。
help oneself to “随便吃”；
teach oneself = learn sth. by oneself “自学”；
by oneself “独自”。
17. Is he/she ready to help when you have problems 当你有困难时他/她愿意帮助（你）吗？
be ready to do sth.“愿意/乐意做某事”；“准备好做某事”（get ready to do sth.）。
be/get ready for sth. “为某事做好准备”。
18. They can also tell you funny jokes. 他们也会给你讲有趣的笑话。
joke：n.“玩笑”。 tell a joke “讲笑话”。
play a joke on sb. “取笑某人”； “make a joke“讲笑话”。
He played a joke ________ Jenny ________ April Fool's Day.
A. at; at B. on; on C. at; on
19. Yes, That’s true. 是的，的确是那样。
true作形容词，意为“确实的；的确”（强调事实、故事、消息等是真的，与客观事实一致）。
come true “实现”
that’s true “的确是那样”。
truly adv.“确实” truth n.“真相，事实”。
Reading
1. Betty is one of my best friends. 贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。
1）one of 后接名词复数
one of the students
2）one of 后接形容词最高级
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
3）one of句型中的谓语动词要用单数形式
One of the students comes from Australia.
1. Amy is one of the best _____________ (swim) at the school.
2. This bag is one of those _____________.(visit)
3. I think Shanghai is one of _____________ (modern) cities in the world.
2. She is willing to share things with her friends. 她乐意和她的朋友们分享东西。
be willing to do sth. =be ready to do sth. 意为“愿意做某事”
I'm willing/ready to help my friends with their problems.
3. She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need. 她帮助我做家庭作业，在公共汽车上她总是把座位让给有需要的人。
1) 帮助某人做某事：help sb do/help sb with
Mary often helps her mother to do housework. = Mary often helps her mother with housework.
2) can't help doing 情不自禁地做某事
He couldn't help taking photos when he saw the beautiful fireworks.
【举一反三】
1. She is also very helpful and is ready (help) people any time.
2. I would like to help people (solve) problems.
3. I try my best (help) them.
4. ---What is he like
---He is . (help)
give one’s seat to sb. “给某人让座”= offer one’s seat to sb.
in need：“有需求的；处于需要状态的”，常作后置定语。
4. Betty has a good voice. 贝蒂有一副好嗓子。
【辨析：voice，noise，sound】
voice 意为“嗓音” 常指人的嗓音、说话声和歌唱声
sound 意为“声音、响声” 指人、动物或物体发出的声音，即大自然的任何声音
意为“听起来” 后接形容词作表语
noise 意为“噪音；喧闹声” 常指不悦耳、不和谐的声音
【举一反三】
(1)I like listening to the _______ of the rushing water. 我喜欢听潺潺的流水声。
(2)The _____ of the traffic kept him awake. 车辆的喧闹声使他睡不着。
(3)There was a loud _____ outside the classroom. The physics teacher had to raise his _____,“Light travels much faster than _____.”
5. He is the tallest boy in our class — almost 1.75 metres. 他是我们班最高的男生——差不多1.75米。
almost作副词，意为“几乎，差不多”。一般置于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词和情态动词之后。
【拓展】
在肯定句中，almost与nearly通常可以互换。
almost 可以与no，never，none，nothing等否定词连用，表示“几乎不”，而nearly则不可以。
nearly可与not连用，而 almost则不和not单独连用。
(1) He knows ______________. 他几乎什么都不懂。
(2) _____________ believed him. 几乎没人相信他的话。
(3) —How is Susan —Oh, I ______ see her because she lives abroad.
A. always B. often C. almost D. hardly
6. I never feel bored with him. 和他在一起，我从不感到无聊。
辨析：bored/boring
________意为“无聊的；厌倦的；烦闷的”，常用于修饰人的心理。
________意为“无趣的，乏味的；令人厌烦的“，常用于修饰事或物。
(1) There’s a ______ expression on her face. 她脸上有一种厌倦的表情。
(2) The speaker was so ______ that I felt ______ and almost fell asleep
【归纳】类似用法的单词还有：
interested adj. 感兴趣的
interesting adj. 有趣的
excited adj. 激动的，兴奋的
exciting adj. 令人激动的，令人兴奋的
7. He wears small, round glasses. 他带着小而圆的眼镜。
【wear、put on、dress、in、on辨析】
1) wear：“穿着，戴着”，表示“状态”；脸上挂着...表情
She is wearing a pair of glass.
She always wears a smile on her face.
2) put on:“穿上，戴上”，强调动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等
Put on your coat or you will catch a cold.
3) dress：作动词，“给...穿衣服”dress sb
“给自己穿衣服”dress oneself / get dressed
Jack is old enough to dress himself.
4) in+颜色，表示穿着某个颜色衣服
the girl in red
5) on+某人，表示衣服穿在某人身上
This pink dress looks wonderful on you.
8. They do not fit well under his desk. 它们在课桌底下伸不开。
fit作动词，意为“可容纳，装进”。
I want to have a desk in the room, but ________________. 我想在房间放一张桌子，但是搁不下。
【拓展】fit的其它用法归类：
(1) v. 意为“适合，合身”
This pair of black trousers _____________________. 这条黑裤子不适合我。
(2) adj. 意为“适合的，恰当的”，常用词组：be fit for
Tom ______________________ the job. Tom不适合这份工作。
(3) adj. 意为“健康的；健壮的”
You should exercise more _________________. 你应该多多锻炼来保持健康。
9. When he walks past our desks, he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor. 当他从我们课桌旁经过时，他常常把我们的书和钢笔碰到地板上。
(1) vi. “敲；击；打；碰” 固定短语： knock at/ on sth. 敲某物（门、窗等）
(2) n. 意为“敲击声” There is a knock on the door.有敲门声
【拓展】
knock的短语 knock sth. onto 将某物撞到....上
knock at/on 敲
knock over 撞翻；碰倒
knock down 打倒；撞倒；拆（建筑物）
knock sth. off (..) 把某物从...上撞掉
(1) 一辆汽车昨天把他从他的自行车上撞下来，撞到了地上
A car him ___ his bike yesterday_____the ground.
(2)你把我的饮料打翻到地上了。You knocked ____my drink____ the floor.
(3) 政府将要拆掉这些老房子。The government _________________________these old houses.
10. Everyone thinks she is pretty. 大家都认为她很漂亮。
everyone：不定代词，“每人，所有人”= everybody。
作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【辨析：everyone/every one】
everyone：“每人；所有人”。只能指人，不能指物，不能与of连用。
every one：“每个人或物”。既可指人，也可指物，可与of连用。
11. May is sweet. 梅很可爱。
sweet：adj.“可爱的，惹人喜爱的”。
做形容词，“甜的；芳香的；悦耳的”。
作名词，“糖果；亲爱的”。
You look sweet.
Honey tastes sweet._______
The flowers smell sweet._______
Most of the children love sweets._______
12. She smiles often and never says a bad word about anyone. 她经常微笑，而且从不说任何人的坏话。
smile v. 微笑 , 常用短语 smile at 朝...微笑
n. 微笑,笑容 常用短语 wear a big smile面带微笑
smiling adj.微笑的
He smiled at me and then asked me if he could sit near me.
The smile on her face warms me.
13. When something worries me, I can always go to her. 当有事困扰我时，我总会去找她。
worry：vt.“烦扰；使担忧；使发愁”。（后常接人作宾语）
worry about sth./sb. “为…担心”。
worried：adj.“担心的”。 be worried about “为…担心”= worry about。
14. Who would you choose as your best friend, Suzy 苏西，你会选择谁做你最好的朋友？
choose vt. 选择，挑选 过去式_____, 过去分词______, 后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语
choose sth. ( for sb.) （为某人）挑选某物
choose sb. as/to be 选某人当…
choose…from… 从…中挑选…
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
(1) We _______ by train. 我们选择乘火车去。
(2) They chose Paul _____ the chairperson. = They chose Paul ______ the chairperson.
(3) There are plenty of restaurants to __________. 有许多餐馆可供选择。
【拓展】choice n. 选择 have no choice but...除了…别无选择
练一练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I’m very thirsty, can I have something________( drink)
2.Can I have some_____________ (much) food
3. We always have fun __________(chat) with each other.
4. One of the __________ (sing) sang many songs last Sunday.
5. I never feel __________ (boring) because he has a good sense of humour.
6. Are you _______(will) ________( sing) us an English song
7. The small round _______(glass) make _______(he) _______(look) smart.
8. My sister Mei Lin hopes to be a ________________ (社会的) worker.
9. Do you think these books are those _______(青少年) over there
10. We never feel _______________(无聊) in English class. English is my favourite.
二、选择题。
( )1. This is　　　honest girl and she is also 　　　　.
A. a, good looking　 　　　　B. an, looking good
C. an, good-looking 　　　　　D. the, looking-good
( )2. I am not free, I have　　　　 to do.
A. nothing 　B. something 　C. anything 　D. everything
( )3. The children look　　　and their grandfather is looking　　　　at them.
A. happy, happily B. happy, happy C. happily, happily D. happily, happy
( )4. There is　　　　in the fridge.
A. nothing else　B. everything else C. else nothing D. else everything
( )5. How did you make him 　　　　　
A.stop talking B.to stop talking C.stop to talking D.stopped to talk
( )6. Can I have　　 　apples
A. more some　 B. some more　C. some another D. any more
( )7. June is a pretty girl _______long hair.
A. has B. have C. there is D. with
( ) 8.Mr. Li is one of ________in our school.
A. the best teacher B. best teachers C. the best teachers D. best teacher
( ) 9. It was ______ to listen to the man’s talk, I felt ________.
A. boring, bored B.bored, boring C. boring, boring D. bored，bored
( )10. Are you _______ people any time
A. ready to help B. ready to helping C. help D. ready with helping
( ) 11. He often ______ funny jokes and always _______ us _______.
A. speaks; makes; laugh B. tells; makes; laugh
C. says; makes; laughing D. tells; makes; to laugh
( )12. Be careful! Don’t knock my watch ______ the table.
A. onto B. out C. off D. in