外研版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English 单元阅读理解练习（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English 单元阅读理解练习（含解析） |  | |
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Unit 2 Exploring English
单元话题阅读理解练习
(2023 春 · 广东汕头 · 高一金山中学校考期中) The Piraha are a primitive Amazonian tribe (部落) of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture well-preserved, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Piraha, who communicate mainly through sounds and whistles, have fascinated scientists for years, mainly because they have almost no words for numbers. They use only three words to count one, two, and many.
We know about the Piraha thanks to Professor Dan Everelt, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everelt discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colors, without clauses and without a past tense. Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just 11 speech sounds; for the women, it has only 10, the smallest number of speech sounds in the world. The language sounds more like humming than speech. The Piraha can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.
Their culture is similarly constrained. The Piraha can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980 Everelt tried to teach them to count, he explained basic counting skills to an enthusiastic group fond of learning them to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one was beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everelt’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t understand the concept of number.
The Piraha’s inability to count is important because it seems to disprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural ability for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract (抽象的) concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s workmates has recently gone on an expedition (远征) to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Piraha have persuaded him to change his theory.
1 ．What’s the Piraha’s major attraction to researchers
A ．A well-preserved lifestyle.
B ．A small existing population.
C ．A unique communicative way.
D ．An extremely simple counting system.
2 ．What can we learn about the Piraha according to Everelt’ s findings
A ．They use few speech sounds.
B ．Women speak less than men.
C ．Their grammar is complicated.
D ．They communicate only by whistling.
3 ．What does the underlined word “constrained” mean in Paragraph 3
A ．Strange B ．Attractive C ．Limited D ．Respectable
4 ．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．Findings about the Piraha help us know more about human mind.
B ．The Piraha’s inability to count challenges an existing theory of grammar.
C ．A researcher is making an exploration to study the Piraha’s counting ability.
D ．Languages have a similar structure so we can understand abstract concepts.
(2023 秋 · 广东深圳 · 高一统考期末 ) Online dictionaries have become part of the writing and reading culture. Considering that there are several of them, you need to know what dictionary to use in different situations. The following gives you a detailed outlook of the best dictionaries on the web, their unique features, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Collins Dictionary
Featuring over 4.5 billion words, it is one of the best platforms for learners and teachers. Its search engine enables you to select the word by just typing a few letters. However, it doesn’t feature urban words and that the translator mode doesn’t always give correct translations.
Urban Dictionary
Urban dictionary is an online platform where you can find urban words or slang expressions. Although it doesn’t come handy for scholars, it can help you understand slang or urban words you come across around the web. You sometimes have to do many searches to get desired results.
Oxford Dictionary
Known as the best tool for students and learners, it helps define words both in British and American English. For clearer understanding, Oxford dictionary offers pictures, example sentences, and audio pronunciation, among others. It is the ideal (最合适的) dictionary to use when writing a research paper, but is sometimes criticized for complex word definitions.
Cambridge Dictionary
This dictionary is another highly respected online dictionary for official and academic purposes. It has three outstanding features which are dictionary, grammar, and translator. The dictionary supports translation for over 20
languages. Sometimes you may meet lots of information that might make it hard to get desired results.
5 ．What makes users dissatisfied with Collins Dictionary
A ．Outdated words. B ．A small vocabulary.
C ．Frequent searches. D ．Some bad translations.
6 ．Which dictionary features slangs
A ．Collins Dictionary. B ．Urban Dictionary.
C ．Oxford Dictionary. D ．Cambridge Dictionary.
7 ．What do Oxford Dictionary and Cambridge Dictionary have in common
A ．They present a lot of pictures. B ．They provide various translations.
C ．They define words in a complex way. D ．They are useful for research purposes.
(2023 秋 · 贵州黔西 · 高一统考期末) A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms (习语), though my teacher stressed the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.
One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be astonished.
Gently shaking his head, shrugging his shoulders, he said, “You don’t say!” I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not an appropriate topic. “Well, I’d better change the topic.” So I said to him. “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall By the way, have you ever been there ” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was magnificent.” He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it.” Soon I was interrupted again by his words: “You don’t say!” . I couldn’t help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it ”
“Well, I didn’t request you to do so,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn’t you say ‘you don’t say’ ” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “‘You don’t say!’ actually means ‘Really!’ . It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don’t pay attention to English idioms.”
Only then did I realize I had made a fool of mysell. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions. Remember: What the English teachers said is always right to us students.
8 ．A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms because________.
A ．English idioms were not important
B ．my teacher didn’t emphasize the importance of them
C ．I had no interest in them
D ．I didn’t realize the importance of English idioms
9 ．What can we infer from the second paragraph
A ．The Englishman left China without seeing the Great Wall.
B ．The Englishman thought the Great Wall is worth visiting.
C ．The Englishman wanted to see the Great Wall after I talked about it.
D ．The Englishman wanted me to act as his guide.
10 ．At first, on hearing “You don’t say!” I thought the foreigner meant ________.
A ．he was only interested in the Great Wall
B ．he was not interested in the topic
C ．I had talked too much
D ．I had to stop talking
11 ．After the Englishman explained the idiom, ________.
A ．I felt very foolish
B ．I thought the Englishman had made me a fool
C ．the Englishman became a real fool
D ．I became more carefully in everything
(2023 秋 ·广西河池 · 高一统考期末) In Ireland, where I am studying for a PhD in immunology (免疫学) at Trinity College Dublin, we have two official languages. Irish is the first and national language, English the second. I grew up speaking Irish in a small pocket of Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, County Kerry, where the language is still relatively common. Much to my surprise, I have found a practical use for it during my PhD programme.
In December last year, I was contacted by producers at the national Irish-language radio station. They wanted to know whether I would be interested in joining a current-affairs discussion, and highlighted the difficulty of finding people with a strong background in immunology who spoke Irish fluently.
I have since been a guest on the show several times. It wasn’t until I was asked to do the radio programme that I realized how important it is to have someone who can speak Irish and communicate effectively. I began to see a benefit in having a platform for talking about the science that I love, while getting the chance to convey (传 达) important information to people who might not otherwise have access to it in English.
Not only has Irish been useful for engagement in a broader sense, but it has also directly helped me with my
PhD programme.
To move beyond science and communicate with the public, researchers must be able to speak the language of
our audience — which is not always English. Science needs to reflect the linguistic diversity (语言多样性) of the general population. Having people at all levels of academia ( 学术界) who speak multiple languages, including Irish and other minority languages, is important in bringing science to the masses and can benefit our scientific efforts.
12 ．What can we know about County Kerry
A ．The author is studying for a PhD there. B ．The author stays there most of the time.
C ．Many people speak Irish there. D ．Irish is the official language there.
13 ．Why did a radio station contact the author
A ．It wanted him to participate in a programme. B ．It wanted to find a person speaking Irish.
C ．It wanted him to introduce immunology. D ．It wanted him to attract more Irish people.
14 ．What should researchers do to talk to the public
A ．Move beyond science. B ．Speak Irish fluently.
C ．Know English very well. D ．Speak the public’s languages.
15 ．What does the author intend to show by writing the text
A ．Studying immunology is very meaningful.
B ．Speaking English fluently is very important.
C ．Being fluent in a second language boosts research.
D ．The experience in radio programme is unforgettable.
( 2023 秋 · 河北保定 · 高一统考期末 ) An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 of the world’s 7,000 recognized languages might no longer be spoken by the end of this century.
The research, published Friday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, details a wide range of factors (因素) putting endangered languages under pressure.
Australian researchers have found that as roads increasingly connect cities to more remote areas around the world, native languages can be replaced by their more major counterparts (对手), such as English.
The study also claims that major languages have been found to take the place of those spoken by smaller
groups.
Experts have said Australia’s record is poor, and the country has one of world’s highest rates of language loss worldwide.
Before European colonization (殖民地化), more than 250 First Nations languages were spoken in Australia. Today, there are just 40, and only a dozen is being taught to children.
“This has been an on-going process through colonization and globalization,” said the University of Queensland’s professor Felicity Meakins, one of the study’s co-authors. “So, we do not want to forget, of course, in all of this that individual speech communities have their own histories and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result of cruel colonial policies, which have been designed to suppress ( 压制) languages. So, for instance, in Australia people were punished for speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”
Researchers have said that as the world prepares for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO, Decade of Native Language in 2022 ，their findings were a “vital reminder” that more action is needed to save at risk languages.
They have said that every language is “brilliant in its own way” and a critical part of “our human cultural diversity.”
16 ．How many living languages are there in the world
A ．7000. B ．5500. C ．1500. D ．250.
17 ．According to text, what leads to the disappearance of some native languages
A ．Many languages are no longer spoken.
B ．Some native languages are spoken by smaller groups.
C ．Colonization and globalization put them at risk.
D ．People are not willing to save at- risk languages.
18 ．What’s the present language situation in Australia
A ．More than 250 First Nations languages are spoken in Australia
B ．Australia suffers from one of the most language losses in the world.
C ．Only two languages are being taught in Australia
D ．40 languages are at risk in Australia
19 ．What is the best title of the text
A ．An Australian-led Research Was Published Friday
B ．English Will Put Many Native Languages at Risk
C ．Every Language Is Brilliant in Its Own Way
D ．Australian Researchers Warn of Many Languages Endangered
(2023 秋 · 云南昆明 · 高一统考期末) Language is a bridge that connects people. April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Nations. On this day, people around the world celebrate the Chinese language. We
invited two Chinese learners to share their stories.
Alex Tani, UK, said that at the age of 13, he started taking Mandarin(普通话) classes at school. “It was a subject that could make the classroom deadly silent because how difficult it was to learn. But when I arrived in China in March, 2021, I found that learning the language could be enjoyable.” He added, “After I moved to Beijing, I lived with the locals. As a language lover, I would try to chat with them in Chinese, sharing details about our daily lives. Sometimes we would also got to KTV together, where the learning took place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began to click. This was an environment where I could immerse( 沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still conveying myself.”
Jennifer Holstein, a girl from US, told us, “Since I started learning Chinese at the age of 5, it has been part of my life. At the beginning, it was challenging. After six years of learning, I could not put a sentence together correctly. But I never gave up. To improve my Mandarin, I moved to Bejing and took part in a special language program in a high school. The school day was busy. Each morning we got up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternoon. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. When I had a good command of the language, opportunities started presenting everywhere. And I know my effort was worth it.”
20 ．What is the purpose of Chinese Language Day in the United Nations
A ．To connect people around the world.
B ．To solve the language problems effectively.
C ．To have a celebration for the Chinese language.
D ．To inspire Chinese learners to share their experience.
21 ．What does the underlined word “conveying” mean in paragraph 2
A ．Warning. B ．Losing. C ．Dressing. D ．Expressing.
22 ．What can we know about two Chinese learners
A ．Both of the Chinese learners are from UK.
B ．The language environment is important for them.
C ．Alex Tani learned Chinese in a special language program.
D ．Jennifer Holstein started learning Chinese at the age of 13.
23 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．Chances Are for Preparing Persons.
B ．Singing Is Good for Chinese Learning.
C ．Learning Chinese Benefits People a Lot.
D ．Communication Helps to Explore the United Nations.
(2023 秋 · 江苏南通 · 高一统考期末) As you probably know, leaning a foreign language is sometimes challenging. But it can also be fun. We spend hundreds of hours at school trying to get our tongues round different vocabulary and grammar in order to cam a qualification. But learning to speak a second language is more than just passing an exam-it opens doors to new opportunities, helps you to communicate with others and makes travelling overseas more satisfactory.
It might come as a surprise that the number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since the turn of the millennium. German and French have fallen the most—these languages from two of the UK’s closest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Another survey of secondary schools suggests a third of students have dropped at least one language from their GCSE exam options. There are some reasons for this, including many students` opinion that languages are difficult. Others have questioned the need for a second language when translation technology is advancing.
Matthew Fell, chief UK policy director for business group the CBI, believes that “The decline in language learning in schools must be reversed, or else the UK will be less competitive globally and young people less prepared for the modem world. ”But even for those who are eager to study another language, the opportunity is being reduced. In Scotland, for example, foreign language subjects are being pressed out of many secondary school timetables with some head teachers blaming pressure on the curriculum.
However, some native English speakers have admitted the benefits of speaking another tongue. Cassandra Scott, from Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at school. She is now a freelance translator in Edinburgh, and says “Learning languages at school really set the course for my career.”
24 ．How does the author show the fact that fewer people have learned foreign languages
A ．By showing personal research. B ．By giving specific examples.
C ．By analyzing underlying reasons. D ．By offering background information.
25 ．What does the underlined word “reversed” in paragraph 3 mean
A ．Developed rapidly. B ．Pushed quickly.
C ．Changed completely. D ．Maintained properly.
26 ．What can we learn from the passage
A ．A satisfactory overseas travel requires another foreign language.
B ．Leaning languages at school may contribute to one’s future career.
C ．Native English speakers benefit more from speaking another tongue.
D ．With the translation technology, there’s no need to lean foreign languages.
27 ．What’s the purpose of the passage
A ．To criticize people’s ignorance of foreign languages.
B ．To stress the significance of learning foreign languages.
C ．To show the result of dropping learning foreign languages.
D ．To raise people’s awareness of protecting native languages.
(2023 秋·广东肇庆 · 高一统考期末)Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; however, it seems to be especially difficult to master a foreign tongue as we age.
When we are growing up, we are building a language system in our mind, which allows us to communicate freely. If we start a new language after youth, however, we are adding a new set of rules to our mind. That is why we find it difficult to learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are not young any more. Why is it easier for kids to learn a new language Children are relatively more active, open-minded and their language system is not fixed, meaning it is less work for them to pick up new things.
The good news is that learning a language isn’t really that hard if you’re opening your mind. But it does take hard work and motivation to achieve your goals.
It’s important to remember what you’re actually learning is how to communicate in a new way with other human beings. If you often share your daily experience with others in that language, what you’re learning is related to you. For example, if I’m learning Italian, I would never remember how to say “Dove e la biblioteca ” or “Where is the library ” but I will always remember how to say “Ti piace il caffe ” or “Do you like some coffee ”
In addition, TV shows, films and video games in foreign languages are all great forms of entertainment for learning a new language. Anything that relates you to the language and culture is great, so long as you find it enjoyable.
Adding a single new word to your vocabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The road to fluency can be hard, but the view along the way is really amazing, so it’s OK if you are driving slowly.
28 ．What affects language learning according to the first two paragraphs
A ．Money. B ．Age. C ．Mind. D ．Work.
29 ．What can we infer about language learning from paragraph 2
A ．Adults can pick up new things quickly.
B ．Children have a fixed language system.
C ．Adults find the new rules easy to remember.
D ．Children outrun adults in language learning.
30 ．What is helpful for learning a language according to paragraphs 4 and 5
A ．Using it in daily life. B ．Playing video games.
C ．Going to the library. D ．Taking down its rules.
31 ．What may be the best title for the passage
A ．How to Build up Your Vocabulary
B ．Language Learning: Chance or Challenge
C ．Why do Children Learn Faster Than Adults
D ．Is It too Late to Master a Foreign Language
参考答案：
1 ．D 2 ．A 3 ．C 4 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮拉哈人的语言特点， 皮拉哈人几乎没有数字语言， 挑战了
现有语法理论。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Piraha, who communicate mainly through sounds and whistles, have fascinated scientists for years, mainly because they have almost no words for numbers. They use only three words to count one, two, and many. (皮拉哈人主要通过声音和口哨声进行交流，多年来一直吸引着科学家，主要是因为他 们几乎没有数字语言。他们只用三个词来数一、二和许多。)”可知皮拉哈人几乎没有数字语言，即计数体 系非常简单，对研究人员很有吸引力，故选 D。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段“Everelt discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colors, without clauses and without a past tense. Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just 11 speech sounds; for the women, it has only 10, the smallest number of speech sounds in the world. (埃弗雷特发现了一个没有数字、 没有时间、没有颜色、没有从句、没有过去时的世界。他发现，他们的语言不仅语法简单；它的声音范围 有限， 而且在两性之间也有所不同。对于男性来说， 它只有 11 个语音；对于女性来说， 它只有 10 个发音，
是世界上最少的。 ) ” 根据埃弗雷特的发现，可知皮拉哈人很少使用语音。故选 A。
3． 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“The Piraha can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. (皮拉哈人不会写字， 没有什么集体记忆， 也没有装饰艺术的概念。 )”可知划线句意思是他们 的文化同样受到限制。所以 constrained 意为“受限的”，和 limited 同义，故选 C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Piraha’s inability to count is important because it seems to disprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural ability for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract (抽象 的) concepts such as number. (皮拉哈人不会数数是很重要的， 因为它似乎反驳了诺姆 · 乔姆斯基(Noam Chomsky) 颇有影响力的普遍语法理论。该理论认为，人类的大脑有一种天生的语言能力，所有的语言都 有一个基本的规则结构，这使得孩子们能够理解抽象的概念，比如数字。)”可推断出皮拉哈人不会数数挑 战了现有的语法理论。故选 B。
5 ．D 6 ．B 7 ．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了网络上最好的词典，它们的独特之处以及它们的优缺点。
5．细节理解题。Collins Dictionary 部分提到“However, it doesn’t feature urban words and that the translator mode doesn’t always give correct translations.” (然而，它并不以城市词为特征，译者模式并不总是给出正确的翻
译。)由此判断，因为柯林斯词典一些不正确的翻译，因此可能导致用户有意见。故选 D。
6 ．细节理解题 。Urban Dictionary 部分提到“Although it doesn’t come handy for scholars, it can help you understand slang or urban words you come across around the web.” (虽然它对学者来说不方便， 但它可以帮助 你理解你在网上遇到的俚语或城市词汇。)由此判断，城市词典可以进行俚语的查询。故选 B。
7．推理判断题。 Oxford Dictionary 部分提到“It is the ideal (最合适的) dictionary to use when writing a research paper, but is sometimes criticized for complex word definitions.” (它是撰写研究论文时使用的理想词典， 但有 时因复杂的单词定义而受到批评。) Cambridge Dictionary 部分提到“This dictionary is another highly respected online dictionary for official and academic purposes. ” (这本词典是另一本备受推崇的官方和学术在线词典。) 由此判断，这两个词典它们对研究很有用。故选 D。
8 ．D 9 ．B 10 ．B 11 ．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文， 文章主要讲述尽管老师一再强调英语中习语的重要性， 但作者并不在意， 直到
有一天作者与一位英国人聊天时，产生了语言理解上的误解。这才使作者明白习语的重要性。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms (习语), though my teacher stressed the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience. (一年前， 我不注意英语成语， 尽管我的老师一再强调它的重要性。但很快， 英语习语的重要性 在一次有趣的经历中得到了体现)”可知，一年前“我”不注意英语习语，是因为“我”没有意识到它的重要性。 故选 D。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中那个英国人说的话“It wasmagnificent.(它非常宏伟)”以及听“我”介绍长城时 他说的“Youdon’t say!(真的)”可知，他认为长城值得一游。故选 B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not an appropriate topic.(我很困惑。 我想，也许这不是一个合适的话题)”可知，一开始听到那个英国人说“Youdon’t say!”时“我”以为他对这个 话题不感兴趣，故选 B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Only then did I realize I had made a fool of myself.(直到那时， 我才意识到 自己出了洋相)”可知，听完那个英国人的解释， “我”感觉自己出丑了。故选 A。
12 ．C 13 ．A 14 ．D 15 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者会讲爱尔兰语， 这一点对他的研究来说起着非常重要的作用， 他用
自己的经历告诉我们，作为一名学者，懂得多门语言是非常重要的。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“I grew up speaking Irish in a small pocket of Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, County Kerry, where the language is still relatively common.(我是在爱尔兰凯里郡的巴林斯凯利斯的一个小地 方说爱尔兰语长大的，在那里这种语言仍然相对普遍)”可知，在 Kerry 许多人讲爱尔兰语。故选 C。
13 ．细节理解题 。根据第二段第二句 “They wanted to know whether I would be interested in joining a current-affairs discussion, and highlighted the difficulty of finding people with a strong background in immunology who spoke Irish fluently.(他们想知道我是否有兴趣参加一个时事讨论，并强调很难找到一个有 着强大免疫学背景、能说流利爱尔兰语的人)”可知，这个爱尔兰语广播联系作者的目的是想知道作者是否 有兴趣参加时事讨论。故选 A。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“To move beyond science and communicate with the public, researchers must be able to speak the language of our audience — which is not always English.(为了超越科学并与公众交流， 科学家必须能够说我们读者的语言——这并不总是英语)”可知，研究人员应该说大众的语言才能与公众对 话。故选 D。
15 ．推理判 断题 。根据最后一段 “Having people at all levels of academia ( 学术界) who speak multiple languages, including Irish and other minority languages, is important in bringing science to the masses and can benefit our scientific efforts.(拥有会说多种语言的各级学术界人士，包括爱尔兰语和其他少数民族语言，对 于将科学带给大众，有利于我们的科学努力，是非常重要的)”再结合作者的经历，可推知，作者写这篇文 章想要表达流利的第二语言可以促进科研者的研究。故选 C。
16 ．A 17 ．C 18 ．B 19 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界上 7000 种公认语言中
有 1500 种可能不再被使用。文章分析了导致本土语言消失原因以及语言多样性的重要性。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 of the world’s 7,000 recognized languages might no longer be spoken by the end of this century.(一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界 上 7000 种公认语言中有 1500 种可能不再被使用)”可知，世界上现存的语言7000 种。故选 A。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““This has been an on-going process through colonization and globalization,” said the University of Queensland’s professor Felicity Meakins, one of the study’s co-authors. “So, we do not want to forget, of course, in all of this that individual speech communities have their own histories and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result of cruel colonial policies, which have been designed to suppress ( 压 制) languages. So, for instance, in Australia people were punished for speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”( 该研究的合著者之一、昆士兰 大学教授 Felicity Meakins 说：“这是一个持续的过程，经历了殖民和全球化。”“因此，我们当然不想忘记，
在所有这一切中， 每个语言社区都有自己的历史和经历， 在包括澳大利亚在内的许多地方， 由于残酷的殖 民政策，语言被压制，这些政策旨在压制语言。例如，在澳大利亚，人们因为说他们的语言而受到惩罚， 这些经历真的很痛苦。 ”)”可知，殖民化和全球化使本土语言处于危险之中。故选 C。
18．细节理解题。根据第五段“Experts have said Australia’s record is poor, and the country has one of world’s highest rates of language loss worldwide.(专家表示，澳大利亚的记录很差，该国是世界上语言失失率最高的 国家之一)”可知，澳大利亚目前是世界上语言流失最多的国家之一。故选 B。
19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 of the world’s 7,000 recognized languages might no longer be spoken by the end of this century.(一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界 上 7000 种公认语言中有 1500 种可能不再被使用)”结合文章分析了导致本土语言消失原因以及语言多样性 的重要性。可知， D 选项“澳大利亚研究人员警告许多语言濒临灭绝”最符合文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选
D
。
20 ．C 21 ．D 22 ．B 23 ．C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍在 4 月 20 日联合国中文日这一天，两位汉语学习者分享了他们
学习汉语的故事，表明学习汉语有很多好处。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段“April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Nations. On this day, people around the world celebrate the Chinese language. (4 月 20 日是联合国中文日。在这一天，世界各地的人们都 在庆祝汉语。 )”可知，制定联合国中文日是为了庆祝汉语。故选 C。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段“After I moved to Beijing, I lived with the locals. As a language lover, I would try to chat with them in Chinese, sharing details about our daily lives. Sometimes we would also got to KTV together, where the learning took place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began to click. This was an environment where I could immerse( 沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still conveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和当地人住在一起。作为一名语言爱好者，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我 们日常生活的细节。有时我们还会一起去 KTV，在那里学习。当我和以汉语为母语的人一起唱歌时， 歌声 响起。这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也是在 conveying 自己。)”可知，这里是描 述作者和当地人用汉语交流，所以 conveying 的意思应该是“表达”，和选项 D 意思一致。故选 D。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段“After I moved to Beijing, I lived with the locals. As a language lover, I would try to chat with them in Chinese, sharing details about our daily lives. Sometimes we would also got to KTV together, where the learning took place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began to click. This was an environment where I could immerse( 沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still conveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和当地人住在一起。作为一名语言爱好者，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我 们日常生活的细节。有时我们还会一起去 KTV，在那里学习。当我和以汉语为母语的人一起唱歌时， 歌声 响起。这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境， 同时也是在表达我自己。 )”和第三段“Toimprove my Mandarin, I moved to Bejing and took part in a special language program in a high school. The school day
was busy. Each morning we got up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternoon. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. (为了提高我的普通话， 我搬到了北京， 参加了一所高中的一个特殊语言项目。学校一 天很忙。每天早上我们 6:30 起床，下午 5 点 15 结束上课。我们参加了听、说、读和写课程。甚至体育课 和音乐课都用普通话授课。渐渐地，我的普通话学得很好。 )”可知，语言学习环境很重要。故选 B。
23．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This was an environment where I could immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still conveying myself. (这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也 是在表达我自己。)”和第三段“When I had a good command of the language, opportunities started presenting everywhere. And I know my effort was worth it. (当我掌握了很好的语言后， 机会开始无处不在。我知道我的 努力是值得的。 )”可知，这篇文章利用两个例子来表明学习汉语有很多好处。故选 C。
24 ．B 25 ．C 26 ．C 27 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对学外语的人数下降，强调学习外语的重要性。
24 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It might come as a surprise that the number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since the turn of the millennium. German and French have fallen the most—these languages from two of the UK’s closest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Another survey of secondary schools suggests a third of students have dropped at least one language from their GCSE exam options. (自世纪之交以来，在英国中学学习外语的青少年人数下降了 45%，这可能会让人感 到惊讶。德语和法语的下降幅度最大——这两门来自英国最亲密贸易伙伴的语言在普通中等教育证书水平 上都有所下降。另一项针对中学的调查显示， 三分之一的学生在 GCSE 考试中至少放弃了一门语言。) ”可 知，作者通过“举例”说明学习外语的人越来越少的事实。故选 B。
25．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“or else the UK will be less competitive globally and young people less prepared for the modem world. (否则，英国在全球的竞争力就会下降，并且年轻人也不会为现代世界做好准备。) ” 可知，划线词的意思是目前状况(学习外语的人越来越少)要“彻底改变”。故选 C。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, some native English speakers have admitted the benefits of speaking another tongue. (然而，一些以英语为母语的人承认从说另一种语言中受益良多。) ”可知，从本文获知“以 英语为母语的人从说另一种语言中获益更多。 ”故选 C。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“But learning to speak a second language is more than just passing an exam-it opens doors to new opportunities, helps you to communicate with others and makes travelling overseas more satisfactory. (但是学习说第二语言不仅仅是通过考试——它为你打开了通往新机会的大门，帮助你与他人 交流，让你在海外旅行更加满意。) ”可知，本文目的是为了强调学习外语的重要性。故选 B。
28 ．B 29 ．D 30 ．A 31 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成年人学习新语言困难的原因， 并就成年人如何学习新语言提出
了建议。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; however, it seems to be especially difficult to master a foreign tongue as we age.” (学习一门新语言在任何年龄都是一个巨大的 挑战；然而，随着年龄的增长，掌握一门外语似乎变得尤为困难)和第二段的前三句“When we are growing up, we are building a language system in our mind, which allows us to communicate freely. If we start a new language after youth, however, we are adding a new set of rules to our mind. That is why we find it difficult to learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are not young any more.” (当我们长大的 时候， 我们在脑海中建立了一个语言系统， 使我们能够自由地交流。然而， 如果我们在年轻后开始学习一 门新语言， 我们就会在我们的头脑中添加一套新的规则。这就是为什么我们发现学习一门新语言很难的原 因—— 当我们不再年轻的时候， 我们还在建立一个新的语言系统) 可知， 年龄会影响语言的学习。故选 B 项。
29．推理判断题。根据文章的第二段“When we are growing up, we are building a language system in our mind, which allows us to communicate freely. If we start a new language after youth, however, we are adding a new set of rules to our mind. That is why we find it difficult to learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are not young any more. Why is it easier for kids to learn a new language Children are relatively more active, open-minded and their language system is not fixed, meaning it is less work for them to pick up new things.” (当我们长大的时候， 我们在脑海中建立了一个语言系统， 使我们能够自由地交流。然而， 如果我 们在年轻后开始学习一门新语言， 我们就会在我们的头脑中添加一套新的规则。这就是为什么我们发现学 习一门新语言很难的原因—— 当我们不再年轻的时候， 我们正在建立一个新的语言系统。为什么孩子们更 容易学习一门新语言 孩子们相对更活跃， 思想更开放， 他们的语言系统也不是固定的， 这意味着他们学 习新事物的工作量更少) 可知， 成年人学习一门新语言很难， 而孩子学习一门新语言就比较容易。由此可 推论出，在学习语言方面，孩子是胜过成年人的。故选 D 项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中“If you often share your daily experience with others in that language, what you’re learning is related to you.” (如果你经常用那种语言和别人分享你的日常经历，那么你所学的东西就 是和你有关的。) 和第五段“In addition, TV shows, films and video games in foreign languages are all great forms of entertainment for learning a new language. Anything that relates you to the language and culture is great, so long as you find it enjoyable.” (此外， 外语电视节目、电影和电子游戏都是学习一门新语言的很好的娱乐形 式。只要你觉得有趣， 任何与语言和文化相关的事情都很好) 可知， 在日常生活中使用所学习的语言， 这
对学习语言有帮助。故选 A 项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文， 尤其是最后一段中“Adding a single new word to your vocabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The road to fluency can be hard, but the view along the way is really amazing, so it’s OK if you are driving slowly.” (通往流畅的道路可能很艰难， 但是沿途的景色真的很美， 所以如果你开得很慢也没关 系。) 可知，文章分析了成年人学习新语言困难的原因，并就成年人如何学习新语言提出了建议，作者指 出成年人学习语言， 通往流利的道路可能很难， 但沿途的景色真的很迷人， 所以如果你学得慢一点也没关 系， 并且永远也不会晚。所以用 D 项“Is Ittoo Late to Master a Foreign Language (掌握一门外语是否为时已 晚？ )”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选 D 项。
单元话题阅读理解练习
(2023 春 · 广东汕头 · 高一金山中学校考期中) The Piraha are a primitive Amazonian tribe (部落) of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture well-preserved, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Piraha, who communicate mainly through sounds and whistles, have fascinated scientists for years, mainly because they have almost no words for numbers. They use only three words to count one, two, and many.
We know about the Piraha thanks to Professor Dan Everelt, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everelt discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colors, without clauses and without a past tense. Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just 11 speech sounds; for the women, it has only 10, the smallest number of speech sounds in the world. The language sounds more like humming than speech. The Piraha can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.
Their culture is similarly constrained. The Piraha can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980 Everelt tried to teach them to count, he explained basic counting skills to an enthusiastic group fond of learning them to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one was beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everelt’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t understand the concept of number.
The Piraha’s inability to count is important because it seems to disprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural ability for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract (抽象的) concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s workmates has recently gone on an expedition (远征) to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Piraha have persuaded him to change his theory.
1 ．What’s the Piraha’s major attraction to researchers
A ．A well-preserved lifestyle.
B ．A small existing population.
C ．A unique communicative way.
D ．An extremely simple counting system.
2 ．What can we learn about the Piraha according to Everelt’ s findings
A ．They use few speech sounds.
B ．Women speak less than men.
C ．Their grammar is complicated.
D ．They communicate only by whistling.
3 ．What does the underlined word “constrained” mean in Paragraph 3
A ．Strange B ．Attractive C ．Limited D ．Respectable
4 ．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．Findings about the Piraha help us know more about human mind.
B ．The Piraha’s inability to count challenges an existing theory of grammar.
C ．A researcher is making an exploration to study the Piraha’s counting ability.
D ．Languages have a similar structure so we can understand abstract concepts.
(2023 秋 · 广东深圳 · 高一统考期末 ) Online dictionaries have become part of the writing and reading culture. Considering that there are several of them, you need to know what dictionary to use in different situations. The following gives you a detailed outlook of the best dictionaries on the web, their unique features, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Collins Dictionary
Featuring over 4.5 billion words, it is one of the best platforms for learners and teachers. Its search engine enables you to select the word by just typing a few letters. However, it doesn’t feature urban words and that the translator mode doesn’t always give correct translations.
Urban Dictionary
Urban dictionary is an online platform where you can find urban words or slang expressions. Although it doesn’t come handy for scholars, it can help you understand slang or urban words you come across around the web. You sometimes have to do many searches to get desired results.
Oxford Dictionary
Known as the best tool for students and learners, it helps define words both in British and American English. For clearer understanding, Oxford dictionary offers pictures, example sentences, and audio pronunciation, among others. It is the ideal (最合适的) dictionary to use when writing a research paper, but is sometimes criticized for complex word definitions.
Cambridge Dictionary
This dictionary is another highly respected online dictionary for official and academic purposes. It has three outstanding features which are dictionary, grammar, and translator. The dictionary supports translation for over 20
languages. Sometimes you may meet lots of information that might make it hard to get desired results.
5 ．What makes users dissatisfied with Collins Dictionary
A ．Outdated words. B ．A small vocabulary.
C ．Frequent searches. D ．Some bad translations.
6 ．Which dictionary features slangs
A ．Collins Dictionary. B ．Urban Dictionary.
C ．Oxford Dictionary. D ．Cambridge Dictionary.
7 ．What do Oxford Dictionary and Cambridge Dictionary have in common
A ．They present a lot of pictures. B ．They provide various translations.
C ．They define words in a complex way. D ．They are useful for research purposes.
(2023 秋 · 贵州黔西 · 高一统考期末) A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms (习语), though my teacher stressed the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.
One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be astonished.
Gently shaking his head, shrugging his shoulders, he said, “You don’t say!” I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not an appropriate topic. “Well, I’d better change the topic.” So I said to him. “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall By the way, have you ever been there ” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was magnificent.” He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it.” Soon I was interrupted again by his words: “You don’t say!” . I couldn’t help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it ”
“Well, I didn’t request you to do so,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn’t you say ‘you don’t say’ ” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “‘You don’t say!’ actually means ‘Really!’ . It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don’t pay attention to English idioms.”
Only then did I realize I had made a fool of mysell. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions. Remember: What the English teachers said is always right to us students.
8 ．A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms because________.
A ．English idioms were not important
B ．my teacher didn’t emphasize the importance of them
C ．I had no interest in them
D ．I didn’t realize the importance of English idioms
9 ．What can we infer from the second paragraph
A ．The Englishman left China without seeing the Great Wall.
B ．The Englishman thought the Great Wall is worth visiting.
C ．The Englishman wanted to see the Great Wall after I talked about it.
D ．The Englishman wanted me to act as his guide.
10 ．At first, on hearing “You don’t say!” I thought the foreigner meant ________.
A ．he was only interested in the Great Wall
B ．he was not interested in the topic
C ．I had talked too much
D ．I had to stop talking
11 ．After the Englishman explained the idiom, ________.
A ．I felt very foolish
B ．I thought the Englishman had made me a fool
C ．the Englishman became a real fool
D ．I became more carefully in everything
(2023 秋 ·广西河池 · 高一统考期末) In Ireland, where I am studying for a PhD in immunology (免疫学) at Trinity College Dublin, we have two official languages. Irish is the first and national language, English the second. I grew up speaking Irish in a small pocket of Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, County Kerry, where the language is still relatively common. Much to my surprise, I have found a practical use for it during my PhD programme.
In December last year, I was contacted by producers at the national Irish-language radio station. They wanted to know whether I would be interested in joining a current-affairs discussion, and highlighted the difficulty of finding people with a strong background in immunology who spoke Irish fluently.
I have since been a guest on the show several times. It wasn’t until I was asked to do the radio programme that I realized how important it is to have someone who can speak Irish and communicate effectively. I began to see a benefit in having a platform for talking about the science that I love, while getting the chance to convey (传 达) important information to people who might not otherwise have access to it in English.
Not only has Irish been useful for engagement in a broader sense, but it has also directly helped me with my
PhD programme.
To move beyond science and communicate with the public, researchers must be able to speak the language of
our audience — which is not always English. Science needs to reflect the linguistic diversity (语言多样性) of the general population. Having people at all levels of academia ( 学术界) who speak multiple languages, including Irish and other minority languages, is important in bringing science to the masses and can benefit our scientific efforts.
12 ．What can we know about County Kerry
A ．The author is studying for a PhD there. B ．The author stays there most of the time.
C ．Many people speak Irish there. D ．Irish is the official language there.
13 ．Why did a radio station contact the author
A ．It wanted him to participate in a programme. B ．It wanted to find a person speaking Irish.
C ．It wanted him to introduce immunology. D ．It wanted him to attract more Irish people.
14 ．What should researchers do to talk to the public
A ．Move beyond science. B ．Speak Irish fluently.
C ．Know English very well. D ．Speak the public’s languages.
15 ．What does the author intend to show by writing the text
A ．Studying immunology is very meaningful.
B ．Speaking English fluently is very important.
C ．Being fluent in a second language boosts research.
D ．The experience in radio programme is unforgettable.
( 2023 秋 · 河北保定 · 高一统考期末 ) An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 of the world’s 7,000 recognized languages might no longer be spoken by the end of this century.
The research, published Friday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, details a wide range of factors (因素) putting endangered languages under pressure.
Australian researchers have found that as roads increasingly connect cities to more remote areas around the world, native languages can be replaced by their more major counterparts (对手), such as English.
The study also claims that major languages have been found to take the place of those spoken by smaller
groups.
Experts have said Australia’s record is poor, and the country has one of world’s highest rates of language loss worldwide.
Before European colonization (殖民地化), more than 250 First Nations languages were spoken in Australia. Today, there are just 40, and only a dozen is being taught to children.
“This has been an on-going process through colonization and globalization,” said the University of Queensland’s professor Felicity Meakins, one of the study’s co-authors. “So, we do not want to forget, of course, in all of this that individual speech communities have their own histories and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result of cruel colonial policies, which have been designed to suppress ( 压制) languages. So, for instance, in Australia people were punished for speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”
Researchers have said that as the world prepares for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO, Decade of Native Language in 2022 ，their findings were a “vital reminder” that more action is needed to save at risk languages.
They have said that every language is “brilliant in its own way” and a critical part of “our human cultural diversity.”
16 ．How many living languages are there in the world
A ．7000. B ．5500. C ．1500. D ．250.
17 ．According to text, what leads to the disappearance of some native languages
A ．Many languages are no longer spoken.
B ．Some native languages are spoken by smaller groups.
C ．Colonization and globalization put them at risk.
D ．People are not willing to save at- risk languages.
18 ．What’s the present language situation in Australia
A ．More than 250 First Nations languages are spoken in Australia
B ．Australia suffers from one of the most language losses in the world.
C ．Only two languages are being taught in Australia
D ．40 languages are at risk in Australia
19 ．What is the best title of the text
A ．An Australian-led Research Was Published Friday
B ．English Will Put Many Native Languages at Risk
C ．Every Language Is Brilliant in Its Own Way
D ．Australian Researchers Warn of Many Languages Endangered
(2023 秋 · 云南昆明 · 高一统考期末) Language is a bridge that connects people. April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Nations. On this day, people around the world celebrate the Chinese language. We
invited two Chinese learners to share their stories.
Alex Tani, UK, said that at the age of 13, he started taking Mandarin(普通话) classes at school. “It was a subject that could make the classroom deadly silent because how difficult it was to learn. But when I arrived in China in March, 2021, I found that learning the language could be enjoyable.” He added, “After I moved to Beijing, I lived with the locals. As a language lover, I would try to chat with them in Chinese, sharing details about our daily lives. Sometimes we would also got to KTV together, where the learning took place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began to click. This was an environment where I could immerse( 沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still conveying myself.”
Jennifer Holstein, a girl from US, told us, “Since I started learning Chinese at the age of 5, it has been part of my life. At the beginning, it was challenging. After six years of learning, I could not put a sentence together correctly. But I never gave up. To improve my Mandarin, I moved to Bejing and took part in a special language program in a high school. The school day was busy. Each morning we got up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternoon. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. When I had a good command of the language, opportunities started presenting everywhere. And I know my effort was worth it.”
20 ．What is the purpose of Chinese Language Day in the United Nations
A ．To connect people around the world.
B ．To solve the language problems effectively.
C ．To have a celebration for the Chinese language.
D ．To inspire Chinese learners to share their experience.
21 ．What does the underlined word “conveying” mean in paragraph 2
A ．Warning. B ．Losing. C ．Dressing. D ．Expressing.
22 ．What can we know about two Chinese learners
A ．Both of the Chinese learners are from UK.
B ．The language environment is important for them.
C ．Alex Tani learned Chinese in a special language program.
D ．Jennifer Holstein started learning Chinese at the age of 13.
23 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．Chances Are for Preparing Persons.
B ．Singing Is Good for Chinese Learning.
C ．Learning Chinese Benefits People a Lot.
D ．Communication Helps to Explore the United Nations.
(2023 秋 · 江苏南通 · 高一统考期末) As you probably know, leaning a foreign language is sometimes challenging. But it can also be fun. We spend hundreds of hours at school trying to get our tongues round different vocabulary and grammar in order to cam a qualification. But learning to speak a second language is more than just passing an exam-it opens doors to new opportunities, helps you to communicate with others and makes travelling overseas more satisfactory.
It might come as a surprise that the number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since the turn of the millennium. German and French have fallen the most—these languages from two of the UK’s closest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Another survey of secondary schools suggests a third of students have dropped at least one language from their GCSE exam options. There are some reasons for this, including many students` opinion that languages are difficult. Others have questioned the need for a second language when translation technology is advancing.
Matthew Fell, chief UK policy director for business group the CBI, believes that “The decline in language learning in schools must be reversed, or else the UK will be less competitive globally and young people less prepared for the modem world. ”But even for those who are eager to study another language, the opportunity is being reduced. In Scotland, for example, foreign language subjects are being pressed out of many secondary school timetables with some head teachers blaming pressure on the curriculum.
However, some native English speakers have admitted the benefits of speaking another tongue. Cassandra Scott, from Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at school. She is now a freelance translator in Edinburgh, and says “Learning languages at school really set the course for my career.”
24 ．How does the author show the fact that fewer people have learned foreign languages
A ．By showing personal research. B ．By giving specific examples.
C ．By analyzing underlying reasons. D ．By offering background information.
25 ．What does the underlined word “reversed” in paragraph 3 mean
A ．Developed rapidly. B ．Pushed quickly.
C ．Changed completely. D ．Maintained properly.
26 ．What can we learn from the passage
A ．A satisfactory overseas travel requires another foreign language.
B ．Leaning languages at school may contribute to one’s future career.
C ．Native English speakers benefit more from speaking another tongue.
D ．With the translation technology, there’s no need to lean foreign languages.
27 ．What’s the purpose of the passage
A ．To criticize people’s ignorance of foreign languages.
B ．To stress the significance of learning foreign languages.
C ．To show the result of dropping learning foreign languages.
D ．To raise people’s awareness of protecting native languages.
(2023 秋·广东肇庆 · 高一统考期末)Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; however, it seems to be especially difficult to master a foreign tongue as we age.
When we are growing up, we are building a language system in our mind, which allows us to communicate freely. If we start a new language after youth, however, we are adding a new set of rules to our mind. That is why we find it difficult to learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are not young any more. Why is it easier for kids to learn a new language Children are relatively more active, open-minded and their language system is not fixed, meaning it is less work for them to pick up new things.
The good news is that learning a language isn’t really that hard if you’re opening your mind. But it does take hard work and motivation to achieve your goals.
It’s important to remember what you’re actually learning is how to communicate in a new way with other human beings. If you often share your daily experience with others in that language, what you’re learning is related to you. For example, if I’m learning Italian, I would never remember how to say “Dove e la biblioteca ” or “Where is the library ” but I will always remember how to say “Ti piace il caffe ” or “Do you like some coffee ”
In addition, TV shows, films and video games in foreign languages are all great forms of entertainment for learning a new language. Anything that relates you to the language and culture is great, so long as you find it enjoyable.
Adding a single new word to your vocabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The road to fluency can be hard, but the view along the way is really amazing, so it’s OK if you are driving slowly.
28 ．What affects language learning according to the first two paragraphs
A ．Money. B ．Age. C ．Mind. D ．Work.
29 ．What can we infer about language learning from paragraph 2
A ．Adults can pick up new things quickly.
B ．Children have a fixed language system.
C ．Adults find the new rules easy to remember.
D ．Children outrun adults in language learning.
30 ．What is helpful for learning a language according to paragraphs 4 and 5
A ．Using it in daily life. B ．Playing video games.
C ．Going to the library. D ．Taking down its rules.
31 ．What may be the best title for the passage
A ．How to Build up Your Vocabulary
B ．Language Learning: Chance or Challenge
C ．Why do Children Learn Faster Than Adults
D ．Is It too Late to Master a Foreign Language
参考答案：
1 ．D 2 ．A 3 ．C 4 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮拉哈人的语言特点， 皮拉哈人几乎没有数字语言， 挑战了
现有语法理论。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Piraha, who communicate mainly through sounds and whistles, have fascinated scientists for years, mainly because they have almost no words for numbers. They use only three words to count one, two, and many. (皮拉哈人主要通过声音和口哨声进行交流，多年来一直吸引着科学家，主要是因为他 们几乎没有数字语言。他们只用三个词来数一、二和许多。)”可知皮拉哈人几乎没有数字语言，即计数体 系非常简单，对研究人员很有吸引力，故选 D。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段“Everelt discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colors, without clauses and without a past tense. Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just 11 speech sounds; for the women, it has only 10, the smallest number of speech sounds in the world. (埃弗雷特发现了一个没有数字、 没有时间、没有颜色、没有从句、没有过去时的世界。他发现，他们的语言不仅语法简单；它的声音范围 有限， 而且在两性之间也有所不同。对于男性来说， 它只有 11 个语音；对于女性来说， 它只有 10 个发音，
是世界上最少的。 ) ” 根据埃弗雷特的发现，可知皮拉哈人很少使用语音。故选 A。
3． 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“The Piraha can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. (皮拉哈人不会写字， 没有什么集体记忆， 也没有装饰艺术的概念。 )”可知划线句意思是他们 的文化同样受到限制。所以 constrained 意为“受限的”，和 limited 同义，故选 C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Piraha’s inability to count is important because it seems to disprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural ability for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract (抽象 的) concepts such as number. (皮拉哈人不会数数是很重要的， 因为它似乎反驳了诺姆 · 乔姆斯基(Noam Chomsky) 颇有影响力的普遍语法理论。该理论认为，人类的大脑有一种天生的语言能力，所有的语言都 有一个基本的规则结构，这使得孩子们能够理解抽象的概念，比如数字。)”可推断出皮拉哈人不会数数挑 战了现有的语法理论。故选 B。
5 ．D 6 ．B 7 ．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了网络上最好的词典，它们的独特之处以及它们的优缺点。
5．细节理解题。Collins Dictionary 部分提到“However, it doesn’t feature urban words and that the translator mode doesn’t always give correct translations.” (然而，它并不以城市词为特征，译者模式并不总是给出正确的翻
译。)由此判断，因为柯林斯词典一些不正确的翻译，因此可能导致用户有意见。故选 D。
6 ．细节理解题 。Urban Dictionary 部分提到“Although it doesn’t come handy for scholars, it can help you understand slang or urban words you come across around the web.” (虽然它对学者来说不方便， 但它可以帮助 你理解你在网上遇到的俚语或城市词汇。)由此判断，城市词典可以进行俚语的查询。故选 B。
7．推理判断题。 Oxford Dictionary 部分提到“It is the ideal (最合适的) dictionary to use when writing a research paper, but is sometimes criticized for complex word definitions.” (它是撰写研究论文时使用的理想词典， 但有 时因复杂的单词定义而受到批评。) Cambridge Dictionary 部分提到“This dictionary is another highly respected online dictionary for official and academic purposes. ” (这本词典是另一本备受推崇的官方和学术在线词典。) 由此判断，这两个词典它们对研究很有用。故选 D。
8 ．D 9 ．B 10 ．B 11 ．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文， 文章主要讲述尽管老师一再强调英语中习语的重要性， 但作者并不在意， 直到
有一天作者与一位英国人聊天时，产生了语言理解上的误解。这才使作者明白习语的重要性。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms (习语), though my teacher stressed the importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience. (一年前， 我不注意英语成语， 尽管我的老师一再强调它的重要性。但很快， 英语习语的重要性 在一次有趣的经历中得到了体现)”可知，一年前“我”不注意英语习语，是因为“我”没有意识到它的重要性。 故选 D。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中那个英国人说的话“It wasmagnificent.(它非常宏伟)”以及听“我”介绍长城时 他说的“Youdon’t say!(真的)”可知，他认为长城值得一游。故选 B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this is not an appropriate topic.(我很困惑。 我想，也许这不是一个合适的话题)”可知，一开始听到那个英国人说“Youdon’t say!”时“我”以为他对这个 话题不感兴趣，故选 B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Only then did I realize I had made a fool of myself.(直到那时， 我才意识到 自己出了洋相)”可知，听完那个英国人的解释， “我”感觉自己出丑了。故选 A。
12 ．C 13 ．A 14 ．D 15 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者会讲爱尔兰语， 这一点对他的研究来说起着非常重要的作用， 他用
自己的经历告诉我们，作为一名学者，懂得多门语言是非常重要的。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“I grew up speaking Irish in a small pocket of Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, County Kerry, where the language is still relatively common.(我是在爱尔兰凯里郡的巴林斯凯利斯的一个小地 方说爱尔兰语长大的，在那里这种语言仍然相对普遍)”可知，在 Kerry 许多人讲爱尔兰语。故选 C。
13 ．细节理解题 。根据第二段第二句 “They wanted to know whether I would be interested in joining a current-affairs discussion, and highlighted the difficulty of finding people with a strong background in immunology who spoke Irish fluently.(他们想知道我是否有兴趣参加一个时事讨论，并强调很难找到一个有 着强大免疫学背景、能说流利爱尔兰语的人)”可知，这个爱尔兰语广播联系作者的目的是想知道作者是否 有兴趣参加时事讨论。故选 A。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“To move beyond science and communicate with the public, researchers must be able to speak the language of our audience — which is not always English.(为了超越科学并与公众交流， 科学家必须能够说我们读者的语言——这并不总是英语)”可知，研究人员应该说大众的语言才能与公众对 话。故选 D。
15 ．推理判 断题 。根据最后一段 “Having people at all levels of academia ( 学术界) who speak multiple languages, including Irish and other minority languages, is important in bringing science to the masses and can benefit our scientific efforts.(拥有会说多种语言的各级学术界人士，包括爱尔兰语和其他少数民族语言，对 于将科学带给大众，有利于我们的科学努力，是非常重要的)”再结合作者的经历，可推知，作者写这篇文 章想要表达流利的第二语言可以促进科研者的研究。故选 C。
16 ．A 17 ．C 18 ．B 19 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界上 7000 种公认语言中
有 1500 种可能不再被使用。文章分析了导致本土语言消失原因以及语言多样性的重要性。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 of the world’s 7,000 recognized languages might no longer be spoken by the end of this century.(一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界 上 7000 种公认语言中有 1500 种可能不再被使用)”可知，世界上现存的语言7000 种。故选 A。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““This has been an on-going process through colonization and globalization,” said the University of Queensland’s professor Felicity Meakins, one of the study’s co-authors. “So, we do not want to forget, of course, in all of this that individual speech communities have their own histories and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result of cruel colonial policies, which have been designed to suppress ( 压 制) languages. So, for instance, in Australia people were punished for speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”( 该研究的合著者之一、昆士兰 大学教授 Felicity Meakins 说：“这是一个持续的过程，经历了殖民和全球化。”“因此，我们当然不想忘记，
在所有这一切中， 每个语言社区都有自己的历史和经历， 在包括澳大利亚在内的许多地方， 由于残酷的殖 民政策，语言被压制，这些政策旨在压制语言。例如，在澳大利亚，人们因为说他们的语言而受到惩罚， 这些经历真的很痛苦。 ”)”可知，殖民化和全球化使本土语言处于危险之中。故选 C。
18．细节理解题。根据第五段“Experts have said Australia’s record is poor, and the country has one of world’s highest rates of language loss worldwide.(专家表示，澳大利亚的记录很差，该国是世界上语言失失率最高的 国家之一)”可知，澳大利亚目前是世界上语言流失最多的国家之一。故选 B。
19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 of the world’s 7,000 recognized languages might no longer be spoken by the end of this century.(一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界 上 7000 种公认语言中有 1500 种可能不再被使用)”结合文章分析了导致本土语言消失原因以及语言多样性 的重要性。可知， D 选项“澳大利亚研究人员警告许多语言濒临灭绝”最符合文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选
D
。
20 ．C 21 ．D 22 ．B 23 ．C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍在 4 月 20 日联合国中文日这一天，两位汉语学习者分享了他们
学习汉语的故事，表明学习汉语有很多好处。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段“April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Nations. On this day, people around the world celebrate the Chinese language. (4 月 20 日是联合国中文日。在这一天，世界各地的人们都 在庆祝汉语。 )”可知，制定联合国中文日是为了庆祝汉语。故选 C。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段“After I moved to Beijing, I lived with the locals. As a language lover, I would try to chat with them in Chinese, sharing details about our daily lives. Sometimes we would also got to KTV together, where the learning took place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began to click. This was an environment where I could immerse( 沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still conveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和当地人住在一起。作为一名语言爱好者，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我 们日常生活的细节。有时我们还会一起去 KTV，在那里学习。当我和以汉语为母语的人一起唱歌时， 歌声 响起。这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也是在 conveying 自己。)”可知，这里是描 述作者和当地人用汉语交流，所以 conveying 的意思应该是“表达”，和选项 D 意思一致。故选 D。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段“After I moved to Beijing, I lived with the locals. As a language lover, I would try to chat with them in Chinese, sharing details about our daily lives. Sometimes we would also got to KTV together, where the learning took place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began to click. This was an environment where I could immerse( 沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still conveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和当地人住在一起。作为一名语言爱好者，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我 们日常生活的细节。有时我们还会一起去 KTV，在那里学习。当我和以汉语为母语的人一起唱歌时， 歌声 响起。这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境， 同时也是在表达我自己。 )”和第三段“Toimprove my Mandarin, I moved to Bejing and took part in a special language program in a high school. The school day
was busy. Each morning we got up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternoon. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. (为了提高我的普通话， 我搬到了北京， 参加了一所高中的一个特殊语言项目。学校一 天很忙。每天早上我们 6:30 起床，下午 5 点 15 结束上课。我们参加了听、说、读和写课程。甚至体育课 和音乐课都用普通话授课。渐渐地，我的普通话学得很好。 )”可知，语言学习环境很重要。故选 B。
23．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This was an environment where I could immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still conveying myself. (这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也 是在表达我自己。)”和第三段“When I had a good command of the language, opportunities started presenting everywhere. And I know my effort was worth it. (当我掌握了很好的语言后， 机会开始无处不在。我知道我的 努力是值得的。 )”可知，这篇文章利用两个例子来表明学习汉语有很多好处。故选 C。
24 ．B 25 ．C 26 ．C 27 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对学外语的人数下降，强调学习外语的重要性。
24 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It might come as a surprise that the number of teenagers learning foreign languages in UK secondary schools has dropped by 45% since the turn of the millennium. German and French have fallen the most—these languages from two of the UK’s closest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Another survey of secondary schools suggests a third of students have dropped at least one language from their GCSE exam options. (自世纪之交以来，在英国中学学习外语的青少年人数下降了 45%，这可能会让人感 到惊讶。德语和法语的下降幅度最大——这两门来自英国最亲密贸易伙伴的语言在普通中等教育证书水平 上都有所下降。另一项针对中学的调查显示， 三分之一的学生在 GCSE 考试中至少放弃了一门语言。) ”可 知，作者通过“举例”说明学习外语的人越来越少的事实。故选 B。
25．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“or else the UK will be less competitive globally and young people less prepared for the modem world. (否则，英国在全球的竞争力就会下降，并且年轻人也不会为现代世界做好准备。) ” 可知，划线词的意思是目前状况(学习外语的人越来越少)要“彻底改变”。故选 C。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, some native English speakers have admitted the benefits of speaking another tongue. (然而，一些以英语为母语的人承认从说另一种语言中受益良多。) ”可知，从本文获知“以 英语为母语的人从说另一种语言中获益更多。 ”故选 C。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“But learning to speak a second language is more than just passing an exam-it opens doors to new opportunities, helps you to communicate with others and makes travelling overseas more satisfactory. (但是学习说第二语言不仅仅是通过考试——它为你打开了通往新机会的大门，帮助你与他人 交流，让你在海外旅行更加满意。) ”可知，本文目的是为了强调学习外语的重要性。故选 B。
28 ．B 29 ．D 30 ．A 31 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成年人学习新语言困难的原因， 并就成年人如何学习新语言提出
了建议。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; however, it seems to be especially difficult to master a foreign tongue as we age.” (学习一门新语言在任何年龄都是一个巨大的 挑战；然而，随着年龄的增长，掌握一门外语似乎变得尤为困难)和第二段的前三句“When we are growing up, we are building a language system in our mind, which allows us to communicate freely. If we start a new language after youth, however, we are adding a new set of rules to our mind. That is why we find it difficult to learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are not young any more.” (当我们长大的 时候， 我们在脑海中建立了一个语言系统， 使我们能够自由地交流。然而， 如果我们在年轻后开始学习一 门新语言， 我们就会在我们的头脑中添加一套新的规则。这就是为什么我们发现学习一门新语言很难的原 因—— 当我们不再年轻的时候， 我们还在建立一个新的语言系统) 可知， 年龄会影响语言的学习。故选 B 项。
29．推理判断题。根据文章的第二段“When we are growing up, we are building a language system in our mind, which allows us to communicate freely. If we start a new language after youth, however, we are adding a new set of rules to our mind. That is why we find it difficult to learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are not young any more. Why is it easier for kids to learn a new language Children are relatively more active, open-minded and their language system is not fixed, meaning it is less work for them to pick up new things.” (当我们长大的时候， 我们在脑海中建立了一个语言系统， 使我们能够自由地交流。然而， 如果我 们在年轻后开始学习一门新语言， 我们就会在我们的头脑中添加一套新的规则。这就是为什么我们发现学 习一门新语言很难的原因—— 当我们不再年轻的时候， 我们正在建立一个新的语言系统。为什么孩子们更 容易学习一门新语言 孩子们相对更活跃， 思想更开放， 他们的语言系统也不是固定的， 这意味着他们学 习新事物的工作量更少) 可知， 成年人学习一门新语言很难， 而孩子学习一门新语言就比较容易。由此可 推论出，在学习语言方面，孩子是胜过成年人的。故选 D 项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中“If you often share your daily experience with others in that language, what you’re learning is related to you.” (如果你经常用那种语言和别人分享你的日常经历，那么你所学的东西就 是和你有关的。) 和第五段“In addition, TV shows, films and video games in foreign languages are all great forms of entertainment for learning a new language. Anything that relates you to the language and culture is great, so long as you find it enjoyable.” (此外， 外语电视节目、电影和电子游戏都是学习一门新语言的很好的娱乐形 式。只要你觉得有趣， 任何与语言和文化相关的事情都很好) 可知， 在日常生活中使用所学习的语言， 这
对学习语言有帮助。故选 A 项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文， 尤其是最后一段中“Adding a single new word to your vocabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The road to fluency can be hard, but the view along the way is really amazing, so it’s OK if you are driving slowly.” (通往流畅的道路可能很艰难， 但是沿途的景色真的很美， 所以如果你开得很慢也没关 系。) 可知，文章分析了成年人学习新语言困难的原因，并就成年人如何学习新语言提出了建议，作者指 出成年人学习语言， 通往流利的道路可能很难， 但沿途的景色真的很迷人， 所以如果你学得慢一点也没关 系， 并且永远也不会晚。所以用 D 项“Is Ittoo Late to Master a Foreign Language (掌握一门外语是否为时已 晚？ )”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选 D 项。