备战2024年高考英语近两年名校地市联考模拟试题精选汇编：阅读理解（说明文）（新高考）（含解析版）

阅读理解（说明文）-备战2024年高考英语近两年名校地市联考模拟试题精选汇编（新高考）
阅读理解（说明文）
湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试
2. 广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题
2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷
2024届四川省成都市树德中学高高三适应性模拟试题
广东省广州市第二中学等6校2023年高三试题
浙江省金丽衢十二校2023年高三试题
福建省福州市四县（区）一中2023年高三联考
江苏省决胜新高考2023年高三大联考试题
9. 2023届湘豫名校联考高三试题
10.2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题
1.【湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试】
During the past several years, fake news has been a frequent topic of real news, with articles considering the role of social media in spreading fake news. Something less well-known, though, is that fake news has also become a topic of scientific investigation.
In a paper published in March in the journal Science, David Lazer, Matthew Baum and 14 co-authors consider what we do and don’t know about the science of fake news.They define fake news as “made-up information that imitates news in form but not in process or intention”.
The paper makes a persuasive case that the investigation of fake news is timely and important. One conservative (保守的) estimate is that in the month before the 2016 election, the average American was exposed to somewhere between one and three articles from a known publisher of fake news. Another alarming result is that when it comes to political topics, tweets containing false information spread more rapidly and broadly on Twitter than those containing reliable information.
Researchers mentioned in the paper that in the face of fake news and its spreading by social and other forms of media, “A new system of safeguards is needed.” But what kinds of safeguards can individual news consumers put into place The simplistic answer is “be more reflective”. Don’ t believe everything you read, but consider the possibility that it’s false. We need to foster standards of discussion in which it’s OK to challenge what others say without the conversation immediately turning into abuse. The most effective lab meetings are like that: If someone disagrees with the presenter, they say so in a polite way. And by doing so, they might be saving the presenter from embarrassment in a more public forum. A community that encourages individuals to point out when statements are false or unclear benefits everybody by helping detect the truth.
In the long run, the truth will win out. Our preferred society encourages the truth to win out before great damage is done.
8．What can we infer from the third paragraph
A．The investigation proved fake news is persuasive.
B．The spread of fake news has become an alarming issue.
C．The use of social media might help fake news to spread.
D．Fake news on political topics received more attention.
9．What safeguard is suggested to individuals according to the passage
A．Reflecting on what you read. B．Neglecting the false information.
C．Challenging what others say. D．Helping others detect the truth.
10．What is the author’s attitude to the future of news
A．Skeptical. B．Unclear. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Do Not Believe in Everything B．The Truth Will Finally Win Out
C．The Truth About Fake News D．The Spreading of Fake News
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章指出假新闻已成为科学调查的一个主题并且详细阐述了在发表的一篇文章中学者对于假新闻的定义、假新闻研究的及时性和重要性以及个人应该如何应对假新闻。
8．推理判断题。在第三段中“The paper makes a persuasive case that the investigation of fake news is timely and important. One conservative (保守的) estimate is that in the month before the 2016 election, the average American was exposed to somewhere between one and three articles from a known publisher of fake news. Another alarming result is that when it comes to political topics, tweets containing false information spread more rapidly and broadly on Twitter than those containing reliable information.(这篇文章提出了一个有说服力的案例，说明对假新闻的调查是及时和重要的。一个保守的估计是，在2016年大选前的一个月，普通美国人接触到一到三篇来自知名假新闻出版商的文章。另一个令人担忧的结果是，当涉及政治话题时，包含虚假信息的推文比包含可靠信息的推文在Twitter上传播得更快、更广泛。)”首句表明该论文呈现了假新闻调查的及时性和重要性，随后用两个事例来说明假新闻事件的严重性：第一个例子是在2016年大选前的一个月里，美国人平均接触到已知的假新闻发布者的1到3篇文章。另一个例子是当涉及政治话题时，含有虚假信息的推文比含有可靠信息的推文在推特上传播得更快更广。由此可推知，假新闻的传播已经成为一个令人担忧的问题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But what kinds of safeguards can individual news consumers put into place The simplistic answer is “be more reflective”. Don’ t believe everything you read, but consider the possibility that it’s false.(但是，新闻消费者个人可以采取什么样的保障措施呢？最简单的答案是‘多反思’。不要相信你读到的一切，而要考虑到它是假的可能性。)”可知，面对新闻，个人能够采取的保障措施就是“多反思”，不要轻易相信所读到内容，而是要多考虑，多反思读到的内容是否是假新闻。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the long run, the truth will win out. Our preferred society encourages the truth to win out before great damage is done.( 从长远来看，真相终将获胜。我们所爱的社会鼓励真相在造成巨大损害之前获胜。)”可知，尽管有很多的假新闻，但是作者认为真相终将胜出，我们这个社会，会在巨大损害形成之前，帮助真理胜出；由此可知，作者对于新闻发展的未来的态度是积极的、乐观的。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。第一段“During the past several years, fake news has been a frequent topic of real news, with articles considering the role of social media in spreading fake news. Something less well-known, though, is that fake news has also become a topic of scientific investigation.(在过去的几年里，假新闻一直是真实新闻中频繁出现的话题，有文章考虑到社交媒体在传播假新闻中的作用。然而，不太为人所知的是，假新闻也已成为科学调查的一个主题。)”引入话题，说明假新闻也已成为科学调查的一个主题；下文详细阐述了有关假新闻研究的一篇文章中学者对于假新闻的定义、假新闻研究的及时性和重要性以及个人应该如何应对假新闻；由此可知，文章主要介绍了一篇假新闻研究论文中所阐述的有关假新闻的一些事实。由此可知，选项C“The Truth About Fake News(关于假新闻的真相) ”符合文章主旨，最适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
2.广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题
As people are becoming more socially conscious about where their food comes from and how it impacts the planet, they are choosing animal-free plant-based options. Cow-free meat has been around for quite some time and the popularity of brands of the cultivated (培育的) meat is rising. While there are a large number of plant-based milk substitutes (替代品), none of them have the same taste of cow’s milk. Now, a food-tech company created real dairy products (奶制品) without harming a single cow or the planet.
The company stresses that their product produced in the lab is not a milk substitute but rather is the real deal. And it is very healthy. The company also says that the lab-produced milk tastes the same as the real thing and they hope to eventually replace cows by creating every dairy product sold. They expect to roll out plant-based cheese and yogurt in addition to milk. “Our company was founded with the mission to stop using animals to produce our food because, as dairy lovers, we realize that giving up on milk is not a choice,” John said. “But today’s milk comes with an unreasonable price tag. The dairy industry is destroying our planet, our health, and our animals, and is simply not sustainable (可持续的) anymore.”
The environmental price tag of dairy farming is too high. According to the World Wildlife Fund, dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as pollute the air around them. Dairy operations consume large amounts of water and run-off of manure (粪肥) and fertilizers from these farms get into local waterways. The production uses only 5 percent of the resources and produces only 1 percent of the waste of producing cow’s milk according to the company. And they accomplish this by being 100 percent cruelty-free unlike dairy farms.
8．The food-tech company’s milk mentioned in the text differs from other milk substitutes in_______.
A．its various plant-based flavor B．it tastes the same as cow’s milk
C．its highest output from the farms D．its broad popularity home and abroad
9．What can we know from John’s words in paragraph 2
A．Prices of cow’s milk are rising these days.
B．All the destructive dairy industries should be shut down.
C．The food-tech company was set up for animal protection.
D．The food-tech company aims to produce animal-free food.
10．What does the underlined word “them” probably refer to in the last paragraph
A．Dairy cows. B．Dairy operations.
C．Climate changes. D．Greenhouse gases.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Healthier Milk B．New Milk Saves Planet
C．Fresher Milk, Better Future D．Making Milk without Cows
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述不用奶牛，生产牛奶的方法。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“The company stresses that their product produced in the lab is not a milk substitute but rather is the real deal. And it is very healthy. The company also says that the lab-produced milk tastes the same as the real thing and they hope to eventually replace cows by creating every dairy product sold. (该公司强调，他们在实验室生产的产品不是牛奶替代品，而是货真价实的牛奶。而且非常健康。该公司还表示，实验室生产的牛奶味道与真牛奶相同，他们希望通过创造出每一种销售的乳制品来最终取代奶牛)”可知，食物科技公司的牛奶与其他牛奶替代品的不同是：食物科技公司生产的牛奶味道与真牛奶相同。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段““Our company was founded with the mission to stop using animals to produce our food because, as dairy lovers, we realize that giving up on milk is not a choice,” John said. (约翰说：“我们公司成立的使命是停止使用动物来生产我们的食物，因为作为乳制品爱好者，我们意识到放弃牛奶不是一种选择。”)”可知，约翰公司的目的是停止使用动物来生产食物，即食物科技公司的目标是生产不含动物成分的食物，故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“According to the World Wildlife Fund, dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as pollute the air around them. (根据世界野生动物基金会的数据，奶牛向大气中添加了大量的温室气体，并导致全球变暖和气候变化，并污染them周围的空气)”可知，奶牛向大气中释放的温室气体，这些气体导致全球变暖和气候变化，对大气造成污染。奶牛生存在这些被污染的空气中。故推知them指代“奶牛”。故选A。
11．标题判断题。根据第一段“While there are a large number of plant-based milk substitutes, none of them have the same taste of cow’s milk. Now, a food-tech company created real dairy products without harming a single cow or the planet. (虽然有大量的植物性牛奶替代品，但它们都没有牛奶的味道。现在，一家食品科技公司生产出了真正的乳制品，却没有伤害一头牛或地球)”和下文内容可知，文章主要讨论不用奶牛，生产牛奶的方式。故文章标题为Making Milk without Cows(不用奶牛，生产牛奶)，故选D。
3. 【2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷】
A new study suggests that mindfulness education — lessons on techniques to calm the mind and body — can reduce the negative effects of stress and increase students’ ability to stay engaged, helping them stay on track academically and avoid behavior problems.
After finding that students who self-reported mindful habits performed better on tests and had higher grades, researchers from the Center for Education Policy Research at Harvard University wanted to know if school-based mindfulness training could help more students reap similar benefits.
They designed a study focusing on sixth-graders in a Boston school. The study showed that sixth-graders who participated in an eight-week mindfulness were less stressed out than their classmates who hadn’t. Practicing mindfulness had helped improve the ability to focus in the moment, expanding students’ capacity to learn and regulate their emotions.
Four times a week, instructors from Calmer Choice, a Massachusetts nonprofit specializing in mindfulness education, taught the group techniques and led them through practices, like focusing on a rock for a minute, then discussing when their mind wandered and refocused on the rock. Another group of sixth-graders took computer coding during that time instead. The students were randomly assigned between the groups.
At the end of the eight weeks, the mindfulness group reported being less stressed than they had been before the mindfulness education, and better able to practice self-control. And their amygdalae, the part of the brain that controls emotion, responded less to pictures of fearful faces than they did prior to the mindfulness work, suggesting their brains were less sensitive to negative stimuli, or, in other words, that they were less likely to get stressed out and lose focus. The group who attended coding classes didn’t see the same benefits.
The findings suggest that the mindfulness instruction helped boost students’ attention skills, as well as develop coping mechanisms for stress. The researchers believe it could be especially useful for schools to support students suffering from severe mental damage and other adversities that trigger stress in the body, hurting students’ ability to succeed.
12．What was the purpose of the study
A．To examine the techniques for practicing mindfulness.
B．To study the effects of group mindfulness training on students.
C．To see how students help themselves to perform better on tests.
D．To understand why mindfulness training calms the mind and body.
13．How was the study conducted
A．By listing benefits of mindfulness education.
B．By scanning the brain to see how it controls emotions.
C．By teaching different students different mindfulness skills.
D．By comparing two groups of students attending different classes.
14．What change took place after the students practiced mindfulness work
A．They felt easier to stay focused. B．They were better at computer coding.
C．Their mind was wandering more actively. D．Their brains were more aware of negativity.
15．Who are the most possible target readers of the passage
A．Stressful parents. B．Mindful instructors.
C．Emotional students. D．School educators.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，正念教育课程可以帮助学生减少压力带来的负面影响，提高他们保持专注的能力。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“researchers from the Center for Education Policy Research at Harvard University wanted to know if school-based mindfulness training could help more students reap similar benefits (哈佛大学教育政策研究中心的研究人员想知道，以学校为基础的正念训练是否能帮助更多的学生获得类似的好处)”可知，该研究探究的是以学校为基础的正念训练对学生是否有类似的好处，即群体正念训练对学生的效果。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Four times a week, instructors from Calmer Choice, a Massachusetts nonprofit specializing in mindfulness education, taught the group techniques and led them through practices (来自马萨诸塞州专注于正念教育的非盈利机构Calmer Choice的教师每周四次教授小组技巧，并带领他们进行练习)”和“Another group of sixth-graders took computer coding during that time instead. (另一组六年级学生在这段时间学习计算机编程。)”可知，研究人员将参与者分成了两个小组，一个小组进行正念训练，另一个小组学习编程。因此，该研究是通过比较学习不同课程的两组学生来进行的。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第五段中“And their amygdalae, the part of the brain that controls emotion, responded less to pictures of fearful faces than they did prior to the mindfulness work, suggesting their brains were less sensitive to negative stimuli, or, in other words, that they were less likely to get stressed out and lose focus. (他们的大脑中控制情绪的部分——杏仁体，对恐惧面孔的反应比他们在进行正念训练之前要少，这表明他们的大脑对负面刺激不那么敏感，换句话说，他们不太可能感到压力和注意力不集中。)”可知，在学生们进行正念练习后，他们更容易集中注意力，保持专注。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers believe it could be especially useful for schools to support students suffering from severe mental damage and other adversities that trigger stress in the body, hurting students’ ability to succeed. (研究人员认为，这对学校来说尤其有用，可以帮助那些遭受严重精神损伤和其他逆境的学生，这些逆境会引发身体压力，损害学生成功的能力。)”可知，该研究可以很好地指导学校去帮助遭遇精神损伤和其他逆境的学生。由此推知，文章最有可能的目标读者群体是学校的教育者。故选D项。
4.【2024届四川省成都市树德中学高高三适应性模拟试题】
French writer Annie Ernaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in literature in 2022. She is the first French female writer to win the prize. In the words of the Nobel committee , Emaux was given the award“for the courage and clinical acuity (敏锐的洞察力)”of her writing.
Having spent over 5 decades as a writer, the 82-year-old winner has published more than 20 books to her name , including Cleaned Out (1974), Shame (1997), a 2008 memoir (回忆录) called The Years and A Girl’s Story (2016).
Rather than consider herself a writer of fiction, Emaux has used the term“an ethnologist (人类学家) of herself”“ to describe herself.
Bormn in 1940 in a rural village in Normandy, France, Ernaux grew up in a working-class environment as her parents ran a combined grocery store and cafe. She worked as a teacher before becoming a full-time writer.
Two books by other French writers inspired her to be a writer: The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir and Distinction by Pierre Bourdieu. The former led her to write about feminism (女权主义),and the latter raised her awareness of the huge gap between her and the environment she grew up in. Besides her reading influences, her“upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood”also inspire many of her works,noted CNN. For example, the book Shame explores the theme of childhood trauma (创伤) while A Girl’s Story follows a young woman’s coming of age in the 1950s.
Though the matters Ernaux describes in her books are serious and even sometimes heavy, they are always written in plain language. Emaux described her style as flat writing” through which she aims to tell her stories objectively,“unshaped by florid (过多修饰的) description or overwhelming emotions ,”noted Fox News.
“She writes about things that no one else writes about, for instance her jealousy(嫉妒), her experiences as an abandoned lover and so on.I mean, really hard experiences,” Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said after the award announcement in Stockholm. He went on to say,“ She gives words for these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are short books, but they are really moving.”
8．What can be learned about Annie Ernaux from the passage
A．She described herself as a science fiction writer.
B．She started with a full-time writer before being a teacher.
C．She is considered to be the first French person to win the prize.
D．She was awarded for the bravery and observation shown in her writing.
9．What inspired Annie Emaux to write her works
A．Her hardships of life.
B．Her teaching career.
C．Her personal experiences.
D．Her working class background.
10．Which words best describe Annie Emaux’s witing style
A．Serious and sharp.
B．Plain and objective.
C．Light and humorous.
D．Elegant and descriptive.
11．What can be the best title of this passage
A．A Woman Telling Her Own Stories
B．A Teacher Becoming a Full-time Writer
C．A Female Writer Winning Many Awards
D．A French Female Fighting for Women’s Rights
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔文学奖获得者法国作家Annie Emaux。介绍了其出身、作品特色等等。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the words of the Nobel committee , Emaux was given the award “for the courage and clinical acuity (敏锐的洞察力)”of her writing.(用诺贝尔委员会的话说，Emaux因其写作的“勇气和敏锐的洞察力”而获奖。)”可知，她是因为其作品的勇敢和洞察力而获奖。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段“Besides her reading influences, her “upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood” also inspire many of her works，noted CNN.(CNN指出，除了她的阅读影响，她的“成长经历和在青春期和成年期的经历”也启发了她的许多作品。)”可知，她的个人经历启发了其许多作品。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第六段“Though the matters Ernaux describes in her books are serious and even sometimes heavy, they are always written in plain language. Emaux described her style as flat writing” through which she aims to tell her stories objectively，“unshaped by florid (过多修饰的) description or overwhelming emotions ,”noted Fox News.(尽管Emaux在她的书中描述的事情是严肃的，有时甚至是沉重的，但它们总是用朴素的语言写出来。福克斯新闻指出，Emaux将自己的写作风格描述为平淡无奇，“通过这种写作方式，她旨在客观地讲述自己的故事，“不受过多修饰的描述或强烈情感的影响。”)”可推断，她的作品语言平实，而又客观。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“French writer Annie Emaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in literature in 2022. She is the first French female writer to win the prize. (2022年，法国作家Emaux获得了2022年诺贝尔文学奖。她是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的法国女作家。)”可知，文章主要介绍了诺贝尔文学奖获得者Emaux；再根据最后一段““She writes about things that no one else writes about, for instance her jealousy(嫉妒),her experiences as an abandoned lover and so on. I mean, really hard experiences,” Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said after the award announcement in Stockholm. He went on to say,“ She gives words for these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are short books, but they are really moving.”(“她会写一些别人不会写的东西，比如她的嫉妒心，她被抛弃的经历等等。我的意思是，非常艰难的经历，”诺贝尔文学奖委员会主席Anders Olsson 在斯德哥尔摩宣布奖项后表示。他接着说：“她用语言表达了这些非常简单而令人震惊的经历。这些书很短，但很感人。”)”可知，Emaux经常会写自己的经历。所以“A Woman Telling Her Own Stories(一个讲述自己故事的女作家)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
5.【广东省广州市第二中学等6校2023年高三试题】
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” — the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task, developing a daily ritual, or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, it is critical to determine your duration of focus time and stick to it.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day — in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the implementation of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often leave the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation (即兴创作) in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.” Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive connection between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient. “What people don’t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.
12．What contributes most to mastering deep work
A．Keeping to focus length. B．Seizing the working chance.
C．Carrying out specific plans. D．Ensuring the task procedures.
13．What can we learn from Harford’s research
A．Distractions may contribute to efficiency.
B．Daily schedules are beneficial to studying.
C．Performances are barely driven by monthly goals.
D．Detailed plans might not be as fruitful as expected.
14．Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.
A．is motivated by well-planned tasks B．can bring about greater productivity
C．is targeted at better working balance D．will greatly affect the way brains work
15．What’s the main idea of the text
A．The approach to easing distractions. B．The priority to embracing downtime.
C．Solutions to relieving the life tension. D．Keys to getting more done in less time.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了掌握深度工作方法的关键是要确定你的专注时间，并坚持下去。文章介绍了相关研究以及研究发现详细的计划可能不像预期的那样富有成效，并且当我们的大脑在专注和不专注一项任务之间切换时，它们往往更有效率。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task, developing a daily ritual, or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.(有很多方法可以掌握深度工作的艺术——可以是长时间专注于一项特定的任务，发展一种日常仪式，或者采取一种“新闻”方法，在一天中尽可能抓住深度工作的时刻)”可知，保持专注长度对掌握深度工作最有帮助。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the implementation of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students.(虽然研究人员认为，当涉及到任务的执行时，结构良好的每日计划会是最有效的，但他们错了：详细的每日计划会削弱学生的积极性)”可知，详细的计划可能不像预期的那样富有成效。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.(当我们的大脑在专注和不专注一项任务之间切换时，它们往往更有效率)”可知，皮莱认为，我们的大脑在专注和不专注之间的转换可以带来更高的生产力。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day — in particular how we craft our to-do lists.(另一个在更短的时间内完成更多事情的方法是重新考虑你是如何安排你的一天的优先级的——特别是我们如何制定我们的待办事项清单)”结合文章主要说明了掌握深度工作方法的关键是要确定你的专注时间，并坚持下去。文章介绍了相关研究以及研究发现详细的计划可能不像预期的那样富有成效，并且当我们的大脑在专注和不专注一项任务之间切换时，它们往往更有效率。可知，这篇文章的主旨是用更少的时间做更多的事情的关键。故选D。
6.【浙江省金丽衢十二校2023年高三试题】
One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal. When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world.”
Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students. They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case.
Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal. They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”, or “Renaissance”.
The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students. They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be creative.
Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems. In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but recognizing problems that need to be solved.
The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another.” They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business. He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people’s bodies.
The Michigan State professors study creativity. They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists. The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests, Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity.
28．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage
A．Meldal’s winning Nobel Prize.
B．Meldal’s original working field.
C．Meldal’s desire to understand the world.
D．Meldal’s study with Michigan State University.
29．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”
A．People who only concentrated on just one field.
B．People who are committed lifelong to their career.
C．People who are equipped with various interests.
D．People who are admired for established achievements.
30．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins’ discovery
A．Tolerant. B．Cautious. C．Negative. D．Objective.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize
B．An Unbelievable Discovery
C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner
D．An Amazing Rise to Fame
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Michele Root-Bernstein和Robert Root-Bernstein在《创造力研究杂志》上发表了他们的研究。他们说，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学多才”，或者“多才多艺”。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world.”(在描述他的职业生涯时，Meldal说他最初是一名工程师，但后来改为化学，因为他“想了解这个世界”。)”和第二段的“They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.(他们可能认为他们必须把工作和学习生活集中在一个领域才能成功。)”可知，学生们感到惊讶的是Meldal最初的工作领域。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段的“They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case.(他们可能认为他们必须把工作和学习生活集中在一个领域才能成功。但密歇根州立大学教授的一项研究表明，情况并非总是如此。)”，第三段的“They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”, or “Renaissance”.(他们说，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学多才”，或者“多才多艺”。)”和第四段的“They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.(他们决定，当获奖者的学生获得诺贝尔奖时，他们从老师那里学到的一些东西是如何生活得有很多兴趣。)”可知，可以被归类为“博学多才”或“多才多艺”的人是有各种各样兴趣爱好的人。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.(Root-Bernstein夫妇写道，兴趣广泛使科学家能够寻找创造性的方法来解决问题。)”和倒数第二段的“The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another.”(Root-Bernstein夫妇说，获奖者将“技能、技术和材料从一个领域转移到另一个领域”。)”可知，本文作者只是转述Root-Bernstein夫妇的发现，因此作者对于Root-Bernstein夫妇的发现持客观态度，故选D。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段的“Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal. They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”, or “Renaissance”.(Michele Root-Bernstein和Robert Root-Bernstein在《创造力研究杂志》上发表了他们的研究。他们说，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学多才”，或者“多才多艺”。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘诀，因此本文最恰当的题目是A选项“A Secret to Winning Top Prize(赢得最高奖的秘密)”，故选A。
7.【福建省福州市四县（区）一中2023年高三联考】
Pieter Bruegel’s 1565 realistic painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,” Ghent University biologist Ive De Smet says. “Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding (培育) from the second half of the 20th century.” De Smet says he’s teaming up with art historian David Vergauwen of Amarant to look at things where they can spot differences in shape, in color, and in size. Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time.
Friends since childhood, they took interest in plants in artwork and began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum in Russia — where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting by Flemish artist Frans Snyders.
“So if you think of a watermelon, you cut it through, it should be dark red on the inside. But that one appeared to be pale and white.” De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.” Other paintings showed that both red and white watermelons were raised during the 17th century.
The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag (主题标签) for it. Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag. But, they add, the sources need to be realistic. “If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to understand how a pear looked, you might be misled.”
28．What can we learn from De Smet’s words in paragraph 1
A．Humans have mainly fed on wheat since 1565.
B．Wheat has gone through great changes in height.
C．The scene in The Harvesters may be unbelievable.
D．Selective breeding affects agricultural structure.
29．What is Vergauwen’s attitude to the watermelon painted by Frans Snyders
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Favorable. D．Curious.
30．Why is the social media hashtag created
A．To encourage people to focus on art.
B．To collect more paintings for their database.
C．To advertise their research database.
D．To share some historical plant artwork.
31．What is the text mainly about
A．Ancient paintings focused on food crops.
B．Two men create a database of plant artwork.
C．Plants today are different from their ancestors.
D．Old art reveals agricultural information.
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“The Harvesters”为例，结合其它艺术作品，说明了可以通过过去的艺术作品了解当时的农业情况。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,(这幅作品描述的是农民割几乎和他们一样高的麦子)”和“Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding from the second half of the 20th century.(如今，如果你走过一块麦田，你基本上会看到小麦大约有膝盖那么高，这是20世纪下半叶选择性育种的结果)”可知，小麦的高度由一人高变成齐膝高，在高度上经历了很大的变化。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.”(但Vergauwen说：“这是那个时代最好的画家之一。所以如果他把它画成那样，那就一定是那样的。”)”可知，Vergauwen认为Frans Snyders画的西瓜是真实的，表示支持。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag (主题标签) for it.(该团队希望建立一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库，他们为此创建了一个社交媒体标签)”和“ Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag.(任何人在参观博物馆或展览时都可以通过这个标签发送相关艺术作品的图片和植物的细节)”可知，社交媒体标签被创建是为了收集更多的与植物有关的绘画作品，建立一个在线数据库，提供研究资源。故选B。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time.(小麦只是历史艺术作品如何帮助追踪粮食作物随时间而变化的一个例子)”并结合全文内容可知，本文通过在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“The Harvesters”，看到了小麦的变化，反映了当时的农业情况；并结合其它艺术作品，说明过去的艺术作品可以展现当时的农业情况。故选D。
8.【江苏省决胜新高考2023年高三大联考试题】
While you might be tempted (诱惑) to gobble up your dinner, researchers say there may be advantages to taking your time over a meal. Eating slowly could help prevent obesity (肥胖), with researchers finding a link to both lower waist line and body mass index (BMI).
The study, published in the journal BMJ Open by researchers in Japan, looked at data collected though health checkups and claims from more than 59,700 individuals as part of health insurance plans, with data from 1998 to mid-2012.
The results reveal that 21.5% of the slow-eating group was obese, compared to almost 30% of the normal-speed group and 45% of the fast-eating group. While the slow eaters had an average BMI of just over 22, the normal eaters had a BMI of 23.5 on average, and the fast eaters had an average BMI of around 25, while waist circumference was also found to increase with faster eating pace.
Further analysis found that slower eating speed, not skipping breakfast regularly and not regularly eating dinner just before bed were all associated with a lower chance of obesity.
With almost a third of participants having had two checkups, the team were also able to look at the impact of changing habits. The results reveal that those who switched to eating more slowly between health checks, not snacking after dinner or eating dinner just before going to bed all showed signs of a reduction in their BMI. Changing breakfast habits, using antidiabetic (抗糖尿病) mediation and stopping regular smoking were not linked to any changes in BMI.
Tam Fry, chairman of the National Obesity Forum, said: “The speed at which a lot of people wolf down their food is undeniably a contributor to obesity. In particular, workers who gobble up their lunch at the desk are doing their health no favours. They should stop what they’re doing, switch off their phones and emails and preferably take a half hour away from the office altogether.”
32．What does the underlined part “gobble up” in Para. 1 mean
A．Cook. B．Skip.
C．Order online. D．Eat quickly.
33．How did the researchers get their findings
A．By analyzing decades’ data. B．By making comparisons.
C．By referring to another study. D．By measuring participants’ waistline.
34．What do we know about the impact of changing habits on BMI
A．It is unrelated. B．It is obvious.
C．It is not confirmed. D．It remains to be seen.
35．What does Tam Fry intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Criticize fast eaters. B．Make a summary.
C．Offer a suggestion. D．Provide evidence.
【答案】32．D 33．A 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现减慢用餐速度，改变用餐习惯有助于预防肥胖，对健康有益。
32．词句猜测题。根据画线短语句中“While”（虽然）和“researchers say there may be advantages to taking your time over a meal”（研究人员表示，在用餐时慢慢来可能有好处）可知，句子为让步状语从句，句中表示虽然你可能会忍不住狼吞虎咽地吃晚饭，但研究人员表示，慢慢用餐可能更好，“gobble up your dinner”和“taking your time over a meal”形成对比，“Eat quickly”意为“吃得快”，选项能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The study, published in the journal BMJ Open by researchers in Japan, looked at data collected though health checkups and claims from more than 59,700 individuals as part of health insurance plans, with data from 1998 to mid-2012.”（这项研究由日本研究人员发表在BMJ Open杂志上，研究了作为健康保险计划一部分的59700多人通过健康检查和索赔收集的数据，数据来自1998年至2012年年中。）可知，研究人员通过分析自1998年至2012年年中收集的数据得出了发现，由此可知，研究人员是通过分析几十年的数据得出了他们的发现。故选A项。
34．细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“The results reveal that those who switched to eating more slowly between health checks, not snacking after dinner or eating dinner just before going to bed all showed signs of a reduction in their BMI.”（研究结果显示，那些在健康检查之间改为吃得更慢、晚饭后不吃零食或睡前不吃晚饭的人，他们的BMI都有下降的迹象。）可知，改变饮食习惯的人的BMI都有下降的迹象，由此可知，改变习惯对BMI的影响是显而易见的。故选B项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“In particular, workers who gobble up their lunch at the desk are doing their health no favours. They should stop what they’re doing, switch off their phones and emails and preferably take a half hour away from the office altogether.”（尤其是那些在办公桌前狼吞虎咽地吃午饭的员工，对他们的健康没有任何好处。他们应该停止正在做的事情，关掉手机和电子邮件，最好离开办公室半个小时。）可知，Tam Fry在最后一段中建议公司员工不要在办公桌前狼吞虎咽地吃午饭，应该停止正在做的事情，关掉手机和电子邮件，延长用餐时间，减慢用餐速度，由此可知，Tam Fry在最后一段中打算提出建议。故选C项。
9.【2023届湘豫名校联考高三试题】
According to Dr. John Swaddle, a professor at the Institute for Integrative Conservation at William & Mary, hundreds of millions of birds die every year from window collisions(碰撞).
However, if you put decals(贴花纸) or colorful stickers outside of your windows, the birds are more likely to see the barrier and therefore avoid it. Remember: never inside your window; always outside of your window.
“Double-glazed(双层的) windows reflect a lot of light, especially when you view them from a slight angle, as a flying bird would do,” Swaddle told Salon. He is the corresponding author of a recent study which tries to figure out how this basic reality of physics impacts on a bird’s experience as it flies near a standard window. For their experiment, researchers had birds perform repeated and controlled flight trials near windows with film(薄膜) products, BirdShades film and Haverkamp film, respectively.
“In our collision avoidance trials, BirdShades increased window avoidance by 47% and the Haverkamp increased avoidance by 39%. But neither product was effective when the films were applied to the internal surface of windows,” the authors concluded.
When breaking down the problem of avoiding window collisions from a bird’s point of view, Swaddle explained, “The light and reflected imagery from the external surface of the glass is sufficient to obscure a film or decal that is stuck to the inner surface from being seen clearly.”
If you want to protect birds from easily avoidable deaths without buying window film products, there are other solutions. Swaddle recommended “pleasing fritted glass that could be used in new construction and which is also bird-friendly”. Besides, he notes that screens can be helpful as well, not only by limiting reflectiveness but by providing birds with a cushion if they make impact. It is also possible to use everyday household objects to signal to birds that there are barriers — netting, bits of string, colorful stickers, and paint. These can all be used to this effect.
12．Which of the following can work to reduce bird window collisions
A．Choosing double-glazed windows.
B．Avoiding opening windows at night.
C．Covering the inner windows with decals.
D．Sticking decals to the outer side of windows.
13．What did the researchers want to find in the experiment
A．The bird-friendly film products and glass.
B．The efficient measures of collision avoidance.
C．The bird behaviors when hitting the bright window.
D．The link between light reflection and bird window collisions.
14．What does the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Protect. B．Use. C．Shade. D．Find.
15．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph
A．Solutions to reducing the window cost.
B．Other ways to avoid bird collisions.
C．Bird-friendly objects to attract birds.
D．Environmentally friendly glass products.
【答案】12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验，实验表明在玻璃外面贴薄膜或者贴花纸可以避免鸟撞玻璃，同时还介绍了其他几种避免鸟撞上玻璃的方法。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, if you put decals(贴花纸) or colorful stickers outside of your windows, the birds are more likely to see the barrier and therefore avoid it. (然而，如果你在窗外贴上贴纸或彩色贴纸，鸟类更有可能看到障碍物，从而避开障碍物。)”可知，在窗外贴上贴纸或彩色贴纸，鸟类更有可能看到障碍物，从而避开障碍物。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“He is the corresponding author of a recent study which tries to figure out how this basic reality of physics impacts on a bird’s experience as it flies near a standard window. (他是最近一项研究的通讯作者，该研究试图弄清楚这一基本物理现实如何影响鸟类在标准窗口附近飞行时的体验。)”可知，实验的目的是弄清物理现象是如何影响鸟类在靠近标准窗户时的体验的，也就是光的反射和鸟类撞窗之间的联系。故选D。
14．词句猜测题。根据第五段“When breaking down the problem of avoiding window collisions from a bird’s point of view, Swaddle explained, “The light and reflected imagery from the external surface of the glass is sufficient to obscure a film or decal that is stuck to the inner surface from being seen clearly.”(当从鸟的角度分析避免窗户碰撞的问题时，Swaddle解释道，“玻璃外表面的光线和反射图像足以obscure粘在内表面的薄膜或贴花，使其看不清。”)”可知，玻璃外表面的光线和反射图像使得看不清粘在内表面的薄膜或贴花了，所以应该是遮挡住了粘在内表面的薄膜或贴花，所以obscure的意思应该是“遮挡”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If you want to protect birds from easily avoidable deaths without buying window film products, there are other solutions. Swaddle recommended “pleasing fritted glass that could be used in new construction and which is also bird-friendly”. Besides, he notes that screens can be helpful as well, not only by limiting reflectiveness but by providing birds with a cushion if they make impact. It is also possible to use everyday household objects to signal to birds that there are barriers — netting, bits of string, colorful stickers, and paint. These can all be used to this effect. (如果你想在不购买窗膜产品的情况下保护鸟类免受容易避免的死亡，还有其他解决方案。Swaddle推荐“令人愉悦的玻璃料，可以用于新建筑，也对鸟类友好”。此外，他指出，屏幕也很有帮助，不仅可以限制反射性，还可以在鸟类产生影响时为其提供缓冲。也可以用日常生活用品向鸟类发出有障碍物的信号——网、绳子、彩色贴纸和油漆。这些都可以用来达到这个效果。)”可知，最后一段中Swaddle推荐了避免鸟类撞窗死亡的其他几种有效方法，比如使用家里的日常物品向鸟发出信号等。故选B。
10.【2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题】
When the Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) began last Friday, Steve and Janet Kistler of Hart County, Kentucky, joined in. They’ve done so every year since the now-global tradition began 25 years ago.
For Moira Dalibor, who teaches math at a school, this was the first count. She led a group of students and parents to an arboretum (植物园) for an exercise in data-gathering. They were among hundreds of thousands of people around the world counting and recording over four days. Last year, about 385,000 people from 192 countries took part in the GBBC．
This global data goes into the eBird database used by scientists for research on bird populations, which have declined sharply overall in past decades. It’s part of a rise in “citizen science” projects in which volunteers collect data about the natural world for use by researchers.
Many bird-watchers use eBird year-round, and it has collected huge amounts of data — often between 1 million and 2 million bird checklists a month from around the world in the past couple of years, says Becca Rodomsky-Bish, the project’s leader at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, in Ithaca, New York. “Observing birds is a good way to connect with the natural world. Birds are everywhere. You don’t have to leave your house. They will come. And they’re charismatic because they’re fun and interesting to watch.”
This is how it works: Participants watch birds, whether that means looking out of the window for 15 minutes or taking a longer trip to a nature area. Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics. Many participants also carry field guides and binoculars (双筒望远镜) along with their phones. They then enter the findings into the eBird app. Those numbers help researchers track the ups and downs of various species, which then help determine the direction of conservation efforts.
Dalibor prepared her classes with information about local species and practiced with the Merlin app. The kids recorded bird sightings with pencils and drawing boards, and parent volunteers entered those numbers on phones.
12．Why did Dalibor lead her students to an arboretum
A．To do exercise for health. B．To observe different plants.
C．To practice their math skills. D．To collect information about birds.
13．What does the underlined word “charismatic” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Attractive. B．Beautiful. C．Rare. D．Shy.
14．What can people use the Merlin bird ID app to do
A．To record their findings. B．To identify different birds.
C．To help determine the birds’ habitat. D．To track the ups and downs of various species.
15．What’s the best title of the text
A．Great Backyard Bird Count: a strange activity
B．Watching birds contributes to students’ education
C．Moira Dalibor: a pioneer and responsible teacher
D．Great Backyard Bird Count shows power of citizen science
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“后院鸟类大统计”这一活动，这是“公民科学”项目兴起的一部分，在这些项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She led a group of students and parents to an arboretum (植物园) for an exercise in data-gathering.(她带领一群学生和家长到一个植物园进行数据收集练习。)”可知，达利伯要带她的学生去植物园是为了收集鸟类的信息。故选D项。
13．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“because they’re fun and interesting to watch(因为它们看起来很有趣)”可知，这些鸟应该是很有吸引力、有魅力的，所以可推测画线词是Attractive“有吸引力的”意思。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics.(组织者推荐使用梅林鸟类识别应用程序，通过大小、形状、鸣叫或其他特征来区分鸟类。)”可知，人们可以使用梅林鸟类ID应用程序来辨别不同的鸟类。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了“后院鸟类大统计”这一活动，这是“公民科学”项目兴起的一部分，在这些项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用，所以D选项“伟大的后院鸟类统计显示了公民科学的力量”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选D项。阅读理解（说明文）-备战2024年高考英语近两年名校地市联考模拟试题精选汇编（新高考）
阅读理解（说明文）
湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试
2. 广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题
2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷
2024届四川省成都市树德中学高高三适应性模拟试题
广东省广州市第二中学等6校2023年高三试题
浙江省金丽衢十二校2023年高三试题
福建省福州市四县（区）一中2023年高三联考
江苏省决胜新高考2023年高三大联考试题
9. 2023届湘豫名校联考高三试题
10.2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题
1.【湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试】
During the past several years, fake news has been a frequent topic of real news, with articles considering the role of social media in spreading fake news. Something less well-known, though, is that fake news has also become a topic of scientific investigation.
In a paper published in March in the journal Science, David Lazer, Matthew Baum and 14 co-authors consider what we do and don’t know about the science of fake news.They define fake news as “made-up information that imitates news in form but not in process or intention”.
The paper makes a persuasive case that the investigation of fake news is timely and important. One conservative (保守的) estimate is that in the month before the 2016 election, the average American was exposed to somewhere between one and three articles from a known publisher of fake news. Another alarming result is that when it comes to political topics, tweets containing false information spread more rapidly and broadly on Twitter than those containing reliable information.
Researchers mentioned in the paper that in the face of fake news and its spreading by social and other forms of media, “A new system of safeguards is needed.” But what kinds of safeguards can individual news consumers put into place The simplistic answer is “be more reflective”. Don’ t believe everything you read, but consider the possibility that it’s false. We need to foster standards of discussion in which it’s OK to challenge what others say without the conversation immediately turning into abuse. The most effective lab meetings are like that: If someone disagrees with the presenter, they say so in a polite way. And by doing so, they might be saving the presenter from embarrassment in a more public forum. A community that encourages individuals to point out when statements are false or unclear benefits everybody by helping detect the truth.
In the long run, the truth will win out. Our preferred society encourages the truth to win out before great damage is done.
8．What can we infer from the third paragraph
A．The investigation proved fake news is persuasive.
B．The spread of fake news has become an alarming issue.
C．The use of social media might help fake news to spread.
D．Fake news on political topics received more attention.
9．What safeguard is suggested to individuals according to the passage
A．Reflecting on what you read. B．Neglecting the false information.
C．Challenging what others say. D．Helping others detect the truth.
10．What is the author’s attitude to the future of news
A．Skeptical. B．Unclear. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Do Not Believe in Everything B．The Truth Will Finally Win Out
C．The Truth About Fake News D．The Spreading of Fake News
2.广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题
As people are becoming more socially conscious about where their food comes from and how it impacts the planet, they are choosing animal-free plant-based options. Cow-free meat has been around for quite some time and the popularity of brands of the cultivated (培育的) meat is rising. While there are a large number of plant-based milk substitutes (替代品), none of them have the same taste of cow’s milk. Now, a food-tech company created real dairy products (奶制品) without harming a single cow or the planet.
The company stresses that their product produced in the lab is not a milk substitute but rather is the real deal. And it is very healthy. The company also says that the lab-produced milk tastes the same as the real thing and they hope to eventually replace cows by creating every dairy product sold. They expect to roll out plant-based cheese and yogurt in addition to milk. “Our company was founded with the mission to stop using animals to produce our food because, as dairy lovers, we realize that giving up on milk is not a choice,” John said. “But today’s milk comes with an unreasonable price tag. The dairy industry is destroying our planet, our health, and our animals, and is simply not sustainable (可持续的) anymore.”
The environmental price tag of dairy farming is too high. According to the World Wildlife Fund, dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as pollute the air around them. Dairy operations consume large amounts of water and run-off of manure (粪肥) and fertilizers from these farms get into local waterways. The production uses only 5 percent of the resources and produces only 1 percent of the waste of producing cow’s milk according to the company. And they accomplish this by being 100 percent cruelty-free unlike dairy farms.
8．The food-tech company’s milk mentioned in the text differs from other milk substitutes in_______.
A．its various plant-based flavor B．it tastes the same as cow’s milk
C．its highest output from the farms D．its broad popularity home and abroad
9．What can we know from John’s words in paragraph 2
A．Prices of cow’s milk are rising these days.
B．All the destructive dairy industries should be shut down.
C．The food-tech company was set up for animal protection.
D．The food-tech company aims to produce animal-free food.
10．What does the underlined word “them” probably refer to in the last paragraph
A．Dairy cows. B．Dairy operations.
C．Climate changes. D．Greenhouse gases.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Healthier Milk B．New Milk Saves Planet
C．Fresher Milk, Better Future D．Making Milk without Cows
3. 【2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷】
A new study suggests that mindfulness education — lessons on techniques to calm the mind and body — can reduce the negative effects of stress and increase students’ ability to stay engaged, helping them stay on track academically and avoid behavior problems.
After finding that students who self-reported mindful habits performed better on tests and had higher grades, researchers from the Center for Education Policy Research at Harvard University wanted to know if school-based mindfulness training could help more students reap similar benefits.
They designed a study focusing on sixth-graders in a Boston school. The study showed that sixth-graders who participated in an eight-week mindfulness were less stressed out than their classmates who hadn’t. Practicing mindfulness had helped improve the ability to focus in the moment, expanding students’ capacity to learn and regulate their emotions.
Four times a week, instructors from Calmer Choice, a Massachusetts nonprofit specializing in mindfulness education, taught the group techniques and led them through practices, like focusing on a rock for a minute, then discussing when their mind wandered and refocused on the rock. Another group of sixth-graders took computer coding during that time instead. The students were randomly assigned between the groups.
At the end of the eight weeks, the mindfulness group reported being less stressed than they had been before the mindfulness education, and better able to practice self-control. And their amygdalae, the part of the brain that controls emotion, responded less to pictures of fearful faces than they did prior to the mindfulness work, suggesting their brains were less sensitive to negative stimuli, or, in other words, that they were less likely to get stressed out and lose focus. The group who attended coding classes didn’t see the same benefits.
The findings suggest that the mindfulness instruction helped boost students’ attention skills, as well as develop coping mechanisms for stress. The researchers believe it could be especially useful for schools to support students suffering from severe mental damage and other adversities that trigger stress in the body, hurting students’ ability to succeed.
12．What was the purpose of the study
A．To examine the techniques for practicing mindfulness.
B．To study the effects of group mindfulness training on students.
C．To see how students help themselves to perform better on tests.
D．To understand why mindfulness training calms the mind and body.
13．How was the study conducted
A．By listing benefits of mindfulness education.
B．By scanning the brain to see how it controls emotions.
C．By teaching different students different mindfulness skills.
D．By comparing two groups of students attending different classes.
14．What change took place after the students practiced mindfulness work
A．They felt easier to stay focused. B．They were better at computer coding.
C．Their mind was wandering more actively. D．Their brains were more aware of negativity.
15．Who are the most possible target readers of the passage
A．Stressful parents. B．Mindful instructors.
C．Emotional students. D．School educators.
4.【2024届四川省成都市树德中学高高三适应性模拟试题】
French writer Annie Ernaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in literature in 2022. She is the first French female writer to win the prize. In the words of the Nobel committee , Emaux was given the award“for the courage and clinical acuity (敏锐的洞察力)”of her writing.
Having spent over 5 decades as a writer, the 82-year-old winner has published more than 20 books to her name , including Cleaned Out (1974), Shame (1997), a 2008 memoir (回忆录) called The Years and A Girl’s Story (2016).
Rather than consider herself a writer of fiction, Emaux has used the term“an ethnologist (人类学家) of herself”“ to describe herself.
Bormn in 1940 in a rural village in Normandy, France, Ernaux grew up in a working-class environment as her parents ran a combined grocery store and cafe. She worked as a teacher before becoming a full-time writer.
Two books by other French writers inspired her to be a writer: The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir and Distinction by Pierre Bourdieu. The former led her to write about feminism (女权主义),and the latter raised her awareness of the huge gap between her and the environment she grew up in. Besides her reading influences, her“upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood”also inspire many of her works,noted CNN. For example, the book Shame explores the theme of childhood trauma (创伤) while A Girl’s Story follows a young woman’s coming of age in the 1950s.
Though the matters Ernaux describes in her books are serious and even sometimes heavy, they are always written in plain language. Emaux described her style as flat writing” through which she aims to tell her stories objectively,“unshaped by florid (过多修饰的) description or overwhelming emotions ,”noted Fox News.
“She writes about things that no one else writes about, for instance her jealousy(嫉妒), her experiences as an abandoned lover and so on.I mean, really hard experiences,” Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said after the award announcement in Stockholm. He went on to say,“ She gives words for these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are short books, but they are really moving.”
8．What can be learned about Annie Ernaux from the passage
A．She described herself as a science fiction writer.
B．She started with a full-time writer before being a teacher.
C．She is considered to be the first French person to win the prize.
D．She was awarded for the bravery and observation shown in her writing.
9．What inspired Annie Emaux to write her works
A．Her hardships of life.
B．Her teaching career.
C．Her personal experiences.
D．Her working class background.
10．Which words best describe Annie Emaux’s witing style
A．Serious and sharp.
B．Plain and objective.
C．Light and humorous.
D．Elegant and descriptive.
11．What can be the best title of this passage
A．A Woman Telling Her Own Stories
B．A Teacher Becoming a Full-time Writer
C．A Female Writer Winning Many Awards
D．A French Female Fighting for Women’s Rights
5.【广东省广州市第二中学等6校2023年高三试题】
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” — the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task, developing a daily ritual, or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, it is critical to determine your duration of focus time and stick to it.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day — in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the implementation of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often leave the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation (即兴创作) in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.” Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive connection between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient. “What people don’t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.
12．What contributes most to mastering deep work
A．Keeping to focus length. B．Seizing the working chance.
C．Carrying out specific plans. D．Ensuring the task procedures.
13．What can we learn from Harford’s research
A．Distractions may contribute to efficiency.
B．Daily schedules are beneficial to studying.
C．Performances are barely driven by monthly goals.
D．Detailed plans might not be as fruitful as expected.
14．Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.
A．is motivated by well-planned tasks B．can bring about greater productivity
C．is targeted at better working balance D．will greatly affect the way brains work
15．What’s the main idea of the text
A．The approach to easing distractions. B．The priority to embracing downtime.
C．Solutions to relieving the life tension. D．Keys to getting more done in less time.
6.【浙江省金丽衢十二校2023年高三试题】
One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal. When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world.”
Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students. They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case.
Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal. They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”, or “Renaissance”.
The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students. They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be creative.
Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems. In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but recognizing problems that need to be solved.
The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another.” They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business. He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people’s bodies.
The Michigan State professors study creativity. They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists. The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests, Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity.
28．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage
A．Meldal’s winning Nobel Prize.
B．Meldal’s original working field.
C．Meldal’s desire to understand the world.
D．Meldal’s study with Michigan State University.
29．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”
A．People who only concentrated on just one field.
B．People who are committed lifelong to their career.
C．People who are equipped with various interests.
D．People who are admired for established achievements.
30．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins’ discovery
A．Tolerant. B．Cautious. C．Negative. D．Objective.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize
B．An Unbelievable Discovery
C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner
D．An Amazing Rise to Fame
7.【福建省福州市四县（区）一中2023年高三联考】
Pieter Bruegel’s 1565 realistic painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,” Ghent University biologist Ive De Smet says. “Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding (培育) from the second half of the 20th century.” De Smet says he’s teaming up with art historian David Vergauwen of Amarant to look at things where they can spot differences in shape, in color, and in size. Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time.
Friends since childhood, they took interest in plants in artwork and began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum in Russia — where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting by Flemish artist Frans Snyders.
“So if you think of a watermelon, you cut it through, it should be dark red on the inside. But that one appeared to be pale and white.” De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.” Other paintings showed that both red and white watermelons were raised during the 17th century.
The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag (主题标签) for it. Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag. But, they add, the sources need to be realistic. “If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to understand how a pear looked, you might be misled.”
28．What can we learn from De Smet’s words in paragraph 1
A．Humans have mainly fed on wheat since 1565.
B．Wheat has gone through great changes in height.
C．The scene in The Harvesters may be unbelievable.
D．Selective breeding affects agricultural structure.
29．What is Vergauwen’s attitude to the watermelon painted by Frans Snyders
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Favorable. D．Curious.
30．Why is the social media hashtag created
A．To encourage people to focus on art.
B．To collect more paintings for their database.
C．To advertise their research database.
D．To share some historical plant artwork.
31．What is the text mainly about
A．Ancient paintings focused on food crops.
B．Two men create a database of plant artwork.
C．Plants today are different from their ancestors.
D．Old art reveals agricultural information.
8.【江苏省决胜新高考2023年高三大联考试题】
While you might be tempted (诱惑) to gobble up your dinner, researchers say there may be advantages to taking your time over a meal. Eating slowly could help prevent obesity (肥胖), with researchers finding a link to both lower waist line and body mass index (BMI).
The study, published in the journal BMJ Open by researchers in Japan, looked at data collected though health checkups and claims from more than 59,700 individuals as part of health insurance plans, with data from 1998 to mid-2012.
The results reveal that 21.5% of the slow-eating group was obese, compared to almost 30% of the normal-speed group and 45% of the fast-eating group. While the slow eaters had an average BMI of just over 22, the normal eaters had a BMI of 23.5 on average, and the fast eaters had an average BMI of around 25, while waist circumference was also found to increase with faster eating pace.
Further analysis found that slower eating speed, not skipping breakfast regularly and not regularly eating dinner just before bed were all associated with a lower chance of obesity.
With almost a third of participants having had two checkups, the team were also able to look at the impact of changing habits. The results reveal that those who switched to eating more slowly between health checks, not snacking after dinner or eating dinner just before going to bed all showed signs of a reduction in their BMI. Changing breakfast habits, using antidiabetic (抗糖尿病) mediation and stopping regular smoking were not linked to any changes in BMI.
Tam Fry, chairman of the National Obesity Forum, said: “The speed at which a lot of people wolf down their food is undeniably a contributor to obesity. In particular, workers who gobble up their lunch at the desk are doing their health no favours. They should stop what they’re doing, switch off their phones and emails and preferably take a half hour away from the office altogether.”
32．What does the underlined part “gobble up” in Para. 1 mean
A．Cook. B．Skip.
C．Order online. D．Eat quickly.
33．How did the researchers get their findings
A．By analyzing decades’ data. B．By making comparisons.
C．By referring to another study. D．By measuring participants’ waistline.
34．What do we know about the impact of changing habits on BMI
A．It is unrelated. B．It is obvious.
C．It is not confirmed. D．It remains to be seen.
35．What does Tam Fry intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Criticize fast eaters. B．Make a summary.
C．Offer a suggestion. D．Provide evidence.
9.【2023届湘豫名校联考高三试题】
According to Dr. John Swaddle, a professor at the Institute for Integrative Conservation at William & Mary, hundreds of millions of birds die every year from window collisions(碰撞).
However, if you put decals(贴花纸) or colorful stickers outside of your windows, the birds are more likely to see the barrier and therefore avoid it. Remember: never inside your window; always outside of your window.
“Double-glazed(双层的) windows reflect a lot of light, especially when you view them from a slight angle, as a flying bird would do,” Swaddle told Salon. He is the corresponding author of a recent study which tries to figure out how this basic reality of physics impacts on a bird’s experience as it flies near a standard window. For their experiment, researchers had birds perform repeated and controlled flight trials near windows with film(薄膜) products, BirdShades film and Haverkamp film, respectively.
“In our collision avoidance trials, BirdShades increased window avoidance by 47% and the Haverkamp increased avoidance by 39%. But neither product was effective when the films were applied to the internal surface of windows,” the authors concluded.
When breaking down the problem of avoiding window collisions from a bird’s point of view, Swaddle explained, “The light and reflected imagery from the external surface of the glass is sufficient to obscure a film or decal that is stuck to the inner surface from being seen clearly.”
If you want to protect birds from easily avoidable deaths without buying window film products, there are other solutions. Swaddle recommended “pleasing fritted glass that could be used in new construction and which is also bird-friendly”. Besides, he notes that screens can be helpful as well, not only by limiting reflectiveness but by providing birds with a cushion if they make impact. It is also possible to use everyday household objects to signal to birds that there are barriers — netting, bits of string, colorful stickers, and paint. These can all be used to this effect.
12．Which of the following can work to reduce bird window collisions
A．Choosing double-glazed windows.
B．Avoiding opening windows at night.
C．Covering the inner windows with decals.
D．Sticking decals to the outer side of windows.
13．What did the researchers want to find in the experiment
A．The bird-friendly film products and glass.
B．The efficient measures of collision avoidance.
C．The bird behaviors when hitting the bright window.
D．The link between light reflection and bird window collisions.
14．What does the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Protect. B．Use. C．Shade. D．Find.
15．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph
A．Solutions to reducing the window cost.
B．Other ways to avoid bird collisions.
C．Bird-friendly objects to attract birds.
D．Environmentally friendly glass products.
10.【2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题】
When the Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) began last Friday, Steve and Janet Kistler of Hart County, Kentucky, joined in. They’ve done so every year since the now-global tradition began 25 years ago.
For Moira Dalibor, who teaches math at a school, this was the first count. She led a group of students and parents to an arboretum (植物园) for an exercise in data-gathering. They were among hundreds of thousands of people around the world counting and recording over four days. Last year, about 385,000 people from 192 countries took part in the GBBC．
This global data goes into the eBird database used by scientists for research on bird populations, which have declined sharply overall in past decades. It’s part of a rise in “citizen science” projects in which volunteers collect data about the natural world for use by researchers.
Many bird-watchers use eBird year-round, and it has collected huge amounts of data — often between 1 million and 2 million bird checklists a month from around the world in the past couple of years, says Becca Rodomsky-Bish, the project’s leader at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, in Ithaca, New York. “Observing birds is a good way to connect with the natural world. Birds are everywhere. You don’t have to leave your house. They will come. And they’re charismatic because they’re fun and interesting to watch.”
This is how it works: Participants watch birds, whether that means looking out of the window for 15 minutes or taking a longer trip to a nature area. Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics. Many participants also carry field guides and binoculars (双筒望远镜) along with their phones. They then enter the findings into the eBird app. Those numbers help researchers track the ups and downs of various species, which then help determine the direction of conservation efforts.
Dalibor prepared her classes with information about local species and practiced with the Merlin app. The kids recorded bird sightings with pencils and drawing boards, and parent volunteers entered those numbers on phones.
12．Why did Dalibor lead her students to an arboretum
A．To do exercise for health. B．To observe different plants.
C．To practice their math skills. D．To collect information about birds.
13．What does the underlined word “charismatic” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Attractive. B．Beautiful. C．Rare. D．Shy.
14．What can people use the Merlin bird ID app to do
A．To record their findings. B．To identify different birds.
C．To help determine the birds’ habitat. D．To track the ups and downs of various species.
15．What’s the best title of the text
A．Great Backyard Bird Count: a strange activity
B．Watching birds contributes to students’ education
C．Moira Dalibor: a pioneer and responsible teacher
D．Great Backyard Bird Count shows power of citizen science