现在完成时

现在完成时：
构成：have/has+过去分词
助动词
2.标志词：
already(已经）.yet(已经，还，仍然），just(刚刚），before/ever(曾经）,so far(到目前为止），for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，never,up to now/by now/till now(到现在为止）,in the past/last three years(在过去的……年里）,recently/in recent days(最近）
3.句型.
肯：主+have/has+过去分词+其他.
否：主+haven't/hasn't+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主+过去分词+其他？
回答：Yes,主+have/has.
No, 主+ haven't /hasn't /No, not ye
4.have been to sp. 曾去过某地（人已回来，人在）(次数，never,ever)
have /has gone to sp.去了某地（人不在）.(where)
have/has been in sp. 待在某地（一段时间）
①I__________Beijing twice.
②---Where is your father
---He__________ Australia and he___________ Sydney for two weeks
5. already, yet. 已经
already. 常用于肯定句中”已经“. be/助情之后实义动词之前.
yet(已经）.常用于疑问句句末
yet.还（没）,尚（未）.常用于否定句句末
*现在完成时的句中，含有already的肯定有变成否定句或疑问句时，要把already改为yet，并放于句末。
① I've_______ seen the film.
②Have you seen the film________
③ I haven't seen the film_________.
4) I've already finished reading the book.
→ I haven't finished reading the book yet.
→Have you finished reading the book yet
6.现在完成时的反意疑问句，用have/has.
1). He has read the book,____________
2).He’s never been to Beijing,___________
7.用法：
①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，并强调这一影响或结果
②表示发生在过去的某一动作一直延续到现在并且有可能继续延续下去.常与for,since连用，这一用法要求句子的动词必须为延续性动词
③表示到现在为止动作其状态，“曾经”或从来没有“发生过”（never,ever)
This is the best film I have ever seen
He has never been to Beijing
④若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则用现在完成时(once,twice,three times)
He has been to Beijing twice.
8.since 自从.
主句（现在完成时，延续性动词）+since+ 一段时间+ago/过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子（短暂性动词）
It is/ has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时的句子.
①He __________(live) here since he came to china.
②He _________(learn) English since 3 years ago.
③It _________ (be)3 years since he _____(come) to China.
短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如果要与一段时间连用(how long,for,since),要将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词.
become→be, buy→have, come/ arrive→be (in) ,
close→ be closed, go /leave→be away(from) ,
go out→be out , open→be open, borrow/lend→keep,
die--- be dead, begin/start be on, fall asleep→be asleep
fall ill→be ill, get up--- be up, marry---- be married,
finish---be over, put on---wear, wake up---be awake
join→ be in be a member of....
10.非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态，
I haven't bought anything for two months
11.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
①现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响，强调的是现在的情况，一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，
I have seen the film.
I saw this film yesterday.
②现在完成时的时间状语：ever,already,yet,so far...,一般过去时与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last+n.;in the past,just now.,...ago,in 1990等（when,where)
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night
He has never been to shanghai.
12.特殊例子.
1)Mark worked in China for two years and now he teaches Chinese in England
2)she lived there for 5 years and now he lives in shanghai.
3)-Have you ever been to Hang Kong,Marry
--Yes,I went there for seven days with my parents last year.
4.Harvey went to the zoo twice last week because he likes animals very much.
13.for.since.
for+一段时间
since+时间点/一段时间+ago/一般过去时的句子
1）she has lived here_____3 years.
2) she has been there_ ___3 o'clock
3) she has lived here____3 years ago.
4) she has lived here____ he came here
5) she has been here _____Monday.