重庆市南岸区南坪高级中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试英语试题

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重庆市南岸区南坪高级中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
阅读理解
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn' t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth' s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn' t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It' s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, " When I am on the road, I' m just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals. "
1．Why did Merebeth changed her job
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
2．The word " wanderlust " in paragraph 2 means a desire to ____
A．make money. B．try various jobs.
C．be close to nature. D．travel to different places.
3．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
阅读理解
One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. " Brutus was not an honourable man, " he said. " He was a traitor (叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood. " The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said — at least as it was presented by Shakespeare — to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. " You have to understand, " the executives said, " our policy is to obey the chain of command. "
During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare' s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known former advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called " Movers and Shakespeares " . They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high-level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, dealing with half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius' s sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organizing.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programs contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry' s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying " the noblest Roman of them all " couldn' t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar' s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus' s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business when and how do you resist the boss
4．According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus
A．Cruel. B．Superior. C．Honourable. D．Rude.
5．According to the passage, the Adelmans set up " Movers and Shakespeares " to ____.
A．help executives to understand Shakespeare' s plays better
B．give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare' s plays
C．provide case studies of Shakespeare' s plays in literature workshops
D．guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare' s plays
6．Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V
A．To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B．To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C．To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.
D．To warn executives against power misuse.
7．It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A．the Adelmans' program proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized
B．executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare' s plays
C．the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars
D．Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field
8．（2015·上海）阅读理解
Look to many of history's cultural symbols, and there you'll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity's earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.
For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion's courtyard.
The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people's imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.
If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don't worry: I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.
（1）According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages
A．People thought of snow as holy art supplies.
B．People longed to see masterpieces of snow.
C．Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.
D．Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.
（2）“The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________.
A．snowmen were made mainly by artists B．snowmen enjoyed great popularity
C．snowmen were politically criticized D．snowmen caused damaging floods
（3）In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.
A．the start of the parade B．the coming of a longer summer
C．the passing of the winter D．the success of tradesmen
（4）What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage
A．They were appreciated in history B．They have lost their value
C．They were related to movies D．They vary in shape and size
阅读理解
Enough " meaningless drivel " . That' s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.
The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee' s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up too long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. " The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone, " says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.
It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. " We need to think through how we make that work in practice, " says Miller.
Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark " I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would, " says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. " We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information. " But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.
Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. " We still don' t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years' time, " he says.
Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don' t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large colle ctions of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.
The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don' t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn' t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.
9．What does the phrase "meaningless drivel" in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to
A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.
B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.
C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.
D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms.
10．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether ____.
A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme
B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think
C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale
D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models
11．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because ____.
A．their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old
B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand
C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future
D．it remains unknown how users' data will be taken advantage of
12．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Say no to social media
B．New security rules in operation
C．Accept without reading
D．Administration matters!
二、补全对话
补全对话
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 　13． 　
Pick the most important.
　14． 　 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don' t want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 　15． 　 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
　16． 　
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won' t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. 　17． 　 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
三、完形填空
完形填空
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 18． work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 19． , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 20． , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 21． without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 22． people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 23． to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 24． . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 25． managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 26． managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 27． the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 28． with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 29． been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 30． that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 31． management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 32． of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
18．A．desire B．seek C．lose D．dislike
19．A．contrary B．expectation C．degree D．extreme
20．A．vice versa B．for example C．however D．otherwise
21．A．outside B．inside C．below D．above
22．A．replacing B．assessing C．managing D．encouraging
23．A．refer B．contribute C．object D．apply
24．A．agreement B．practice C．election D．impression
25．A．bossy B．experienced C．western D．male
26．A．asking B．training C．warning D．firing
27．A．doubling B．maintaining C．reducing D．estimating
28．A．honored B．left C．crowded D．compared
29．A．economically B．traditionally C．inadequately D．occasionally
30．A．deny B．admit C．assume D．ensure
31．A．virtual B．ineffective C．day-to-day D．on-the-scene
32．A．opinion B．risk C．performance D．attractiveness
四、语法填空
语法填空
I used to frequently visit an old age home 　33． 　(manage) by the little sisters of the poor in our city Hyderabad. A. P. , India. There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late 　34． 　(eighty). He served the Indian army and retired. He has one son who is well educated and also married.
Mr. Kurien felt down with the life in his house 　35． 　 decided to move into this old age home here in Hyderabad. We both began to share a lot of thoughts whenever we met and slowly it was a 　36． 　(day) affair that I used to spend some time with him discussing what he was doing in the army, camp fun etc. , 　37． 　 he used to share with lots of joy.
I used to carry with me some snacks which we both used to sit under a tree and eat. I saw him really very happy in my 　38． 　(present). One day he told me with tears in his eyes " I really found a very good friend in you. I feel like 　39． 　(live) some more years to spend happy time with you.
As we departed, I told him, " Do not worry. We will have enough time together in the future. " I had an official meeting and could not go to the old age home the next day. The day after when I reached the home, his room 　40． 　(lock). I enquired and found that he was no more. He died 　41． 　 very night we both met last.
I really miss him. I have not given him anything worthwhile except 　42． 　 I used to listen to his words and share his thoughts.
五、单词拼写
43． The 　 　 between the rich and the poor in this country is continuing to grow. （用适当的词填空）
44． He refuses to let others speak and 　 　 every meeting. （用适当的词填空）
45． His face was pale, and his physical strength was 　 　. （用适当的词填空）
46． There is a 　 　 contrast between the past the present. （用适当的词填空）
47． It was an interesting book, full of fascinating 　 　 into human relationships. （用适当的词填空）
48． The kid can pour the juice into the glass without 　 　 it. （用适当的词填空）
49． It is unlikely that the tourism industry will 　 　 any better during the lockdown. （用适当的词填空）
50． The real issues have not been 　 　. （用适当的词填空）
51． He finished the work with 　 　 speed and efficiency. （用适当的词填空）
52． We always hope to provide a friendly 　 　 ear to those who are in trouble. （用适当的词填空）
53． He is too 　 　 to be a responsible leader. （用适当的词填空）
54． She wishes to 　 　 a medical career after graduation. （用适当的词填空）
55． She tends to 　 　 her success to external causes such as luck. （用适当的词填空）
56． He was improving for a while, but I think he has 　 　 back into his old habits. （用适当的词填空）
57． I was having such a good time that I was 　 　 to leave. （用适当的词填空）
58． Our confidence in the team has been seriously 　 　 (削弱) by the recent defeats. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
59．（2020高一上·靖江期中）The company is taking steps
to improve 　 　 (效率) and reduce costs. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
60． Fog can be a 　 　 (风险) on the motorways in winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
61． His talk was both instructive and 　 　 (鼓舞人心的). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
62． The success of the sports meeting 　 　 (胜过) all expectations. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
六、翻译
63． 这本书一经出版，就被批评家们誉为杰出的文学作品。(acclaim)（汉译英）
64． 通过实时检测，研究人员能够跟进海洋的快速变化。(keep pace with) （汉译英）
65． 每当遇到令我感兴趣的项目时，我总是不自觉地加班加点，废寝忘食。(engage) （汉译英）
66． 善于观察的人们往往更容易对一些事件做出归纳总结。(make generalizations about) （汉译英）
67． 随着岁月的流逝，他越发能理解大自然带来的充满诗意的快乐。(passage, poetic) （汉译英）
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job."她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers."她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行，可知，划线词 wanderlust 的意思是"渴望去不同的地方旅行"。故选D。
3．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals."当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物。可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．A
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；文学艺术类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的应用。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文学类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty"大家一致认为，Brutus的行为很残忍。可知，所有高管都认为，Brutus表现得很残忍。故选A。
5．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business."在过去几年，商业执行官和作家们找到了一种新的方式来劝导行政体系。他们是非专业的莎士比亚研究者和推崇者，并将其高昂的激情用于商业管理培训项目中。可推出，Adelman夫妇成立了Movers and Shakespeares，通过分析莎士比亚的戏剧给领导层提供建议。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader."相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为有能力的领导。可知，Adelman举办关于亨利五世的研讨会是为了强调抓住机会的重要性。故选A。
7．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar."公司的一名执行官汇聚在Aspen集团参加为期一天的领导力研讨，这个研讨会其中一个主题就是讨论莎士比亚作品中Brutus对凯撒之死所起到的作用。可推断出，莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用。故选D。
8．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述历史的文化标志：雪人。
（1）考查细节理解。 根据第二段中的“ At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky ”在那时，表达方式的方法有限，雪就像是来自于上天的一种自由艺术。 这说明雪的流行是因为它是一种表达的方式，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解 根据黑体字后面的内容“has passed, don't worry: I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. “已经过去了，不用担心：我了解到一些历史的雪人现在依然在制造。这表明担心的是现在没有了这样的东西，换句话说就是现在不再流行，所以答案就是B。
（3）考查细节理解。 根据最后一段中的“celebrate the beginning of spring …. 庆祝春天的开始”， 可以知道答案应该是冬天的过去，也就是春天的开始。所以答案是C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”look to many of history's cultural symbols“回顾许多的历史文化标志，另外整篇文章出现过很多的history，结合上下文可以知道答案是A ”雪人在历史上是受欣赏的“。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
【答案】9．A
10．B
11．D
12．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同，作者就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions."英国下议院科学技术委员会上周发布的报告指责一些公司迫使人们签署长而难懂的法律合同，并呼吁使用国际标准或认证标记来识别那些有明确条款和条件的网站。可知，很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了没有意义的法律合同。而这些合同是没有意义的废话，也起不到任何作用，很多用户根本没有仔细阅读合同的具体内容。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出第1和第3段中的meaningless drivel指的是"社交媒体公司让人们签署的法律合同"。故选A。
10．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark ‘I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,' says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data."我们能不能多注意一下认证标记？"我认为如果你去做了调查，人们会认为他们会去做，"英国南安普敦大学研究公开数据的Nigel Shadbolt说。可推断，Nigel Shadbolt怀疑人们是否会像他们认为的那样关注认证标记。故选B。
11．考查细节理解。根据第五段"Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. ‘We still don't know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years' time,' he says." 其他机构，如银行，会要求客户签署他们可能不会读或理解的长期合同，但Miller认为，社交媒体需要特别关注，因为它是太新了。他说："我们仍然不知道孩子们在社交媒体上放的不明智的东西会产生多大的长期影响，而20年后这些东西又会回来伤害到他们。"可知，Andrew Miller认为社交媒体比银行需要更多的关注，主要是因为用户的数据将如何被利用仍然是个未知数。故选D。
12．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名"未阅读就接受？"适合做文章标题。故选C。
【答案】13．F；14．D；15．C；16．B；17．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效方式。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
13．根据空前"I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed."我已经做出了具体的选择，让我能够充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松。说明，作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，同时仍旧感到快乐和轻松；再根据下文各段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议。F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time"也许这些建议能帮助你充分利用你的时间"承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
14．根据本段小标题"Pick the most important."可知，本段建议挑选最重要的；以及空后"Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive."把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上。说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做， D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. "选择你生活中有意义的东西"符合语境。故选D。
15．根据空前"Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc." 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间。说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间；以及空后"Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner." 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们。说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间， C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. "不要试图在它们之间平衡时间"符合语境。故选C。
16．根据空后"You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there."你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法。可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。 B. Be an active learner. "做有效的学习者"为段落标题，符合语境，故选B。
17．根据空后"Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way." 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)"说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的"making lists"与之呼应， G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. "这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因"符合语境，其中this指代空前"The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence."在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在，解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
【答案】18．D；19．A；20．B；21．D；22．C；23．B；24．A；25．D；26．A；27．C；28．B；29．B；30．D；31．A；32．C
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，诗篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
18．句意：X理论认为，人们本能地不喜欢工作，会做任何事情来避免工作。A. desire"想要，渴望"；B. seek"寻找"；C. lose"失去"；D. dislike"不喜欢"。根据空后"will do anything to avoid it"可知，很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明很多人都不喜欢工作。故选D。
19．句意：不管怎样，尽管有这么多相反的证据，许多经理仍然同意X理论。A.contrary"相反的"；B. expectation"出乎意料"；C.degree"程度；D. extreme"极端"。上文提到了X理论，很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明很多人都喜欢工作。而Y理论认为每个人都有可能在工作中找到满足感。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故选A。
20．句意：例如，他们认为，如果他们的员工想要有效地工作，就需要不断地监督，或者决定必须在没有协商的情况下从上面强加。A. vice versa"反之亦然"；B. for example"例如"；C. however"然而"；D. otherwise"否则"。此处for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故选B。
21．句意：例如，他们认为，如果他们的员工想要有效地工作，就需要不断地监督，或者决定必须在没有协商的情况下从上面强加。A. outside"外部"；B. inside"内部"；C. below"下方"；D. above"上方"。根据下文"This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers."可知，这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故选D。
22．句意：不同的文化有不同的管理方式。A. replacing"代替"；B. assessing"评估"；C. managing"管理"；D. encouraging"鼓励"。根据上文可知，本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本句使用动词manage"管理"，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故选C。
23．句意：与专制管理不同的是，某些文化，特别是亚洲文化，以决策的协商性质而闻名——该部或工作组的所有成员都被要求对这一进程做出贡献。A. refer"提到，谈到"；B. contribute"贡献"；C. object"反对"；D. apply "适用，申请"。亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故选B。
24．句意：许多西方公司试图模仿这种建立在共同的协商基础之上的亚洲做事方式。A. agreement"协商"；B. practice"练习，做法"；C. election"选举"；D. impression"印象"。亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故选A。
25．句意：一些专家说，女性将成为比男性更有效的管理者，因为她们有能力达到传统男性管理者无法达到的共同目标。A. bossy"专横的"；B. experienced"有经验的"；C. western"西方的"；D. male"男性的"。根据空前"women will become more effective managers than men"可知，有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故选D。
26．句意：最近的一种趋势是鼓励员工发挥自己的主动性，自己做决定，而不需要事先征求经理的意见。A. asking"询问"；B. training"训练"；C. warning"警告"；D. firing"开除"。根据空前"encourage employees to use their own initiative"鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神)也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故选A。
27．句意：这种授权一直是企业精简趋势的一部分：减少公司管理层的数量。A. doubling"使加倍"；B. maintaining"保持"；C. reducing"减少"；D. estimating"估计"。根据空前"the trend towards downsizing"缩小规模的趋势，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故选C。
28．句意：以这种方式分层后，公司可能只剩下高层管理人员、一线管理人员和与公众直接接触的员工。A. honored "被授予"；B.left "留下，剩下"；C. crowded"拥挤"；D. compared "相比"。根据语境可知，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中间环节，提高了管理的效益。故选B。
29．句意：授权管理的概念比传统上的情况走得更远。A. economically"经济地"；B. traditionally"传统地"；C. inadequately"不充分地"；D. occasionally"偶尔地"。根据下文"Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management"可知，授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故选B。
30．句意：授权管理和委托管理意味着新的管理控制形式，以确保执行全面的业务计划，并使业务在新的组织下变得更有利可图，而不是减少利润。A. deny"否认"；B. admit"承认"；C. assume"假定，设想"；D. ensure"保证，确保"。根据语境可知，授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。故选D。
31．句意：另一种趋势是离线或虚拟管理，即通过电子邮件和互联网联系在一起的团队在他们自己的家里进行项目工作。A. virtual"虚拟的"；B. ineffective"低效的"；C. day-to-day"日常的"；D. on-the-scene"现场的"。根据空后"where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses"可知，在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故选A。
32．句意：项目经理根据团队成员为项目生产的产品，而不是他们在项目上花费的时间来评估团队成员的表现。A. opinion"观点"；B. risk"冒险"；C. performance"表现"；D. attractiveness"魅力"。根据空后"in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them"可知，我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故选C。
【答案】33．managed；34．eighties；35．and；36．daily；37．which；38．presence；39．living；40．was locked；41．the；42．that
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我过去经常去一个由我们城市海德拉巴的穷姐妹管理的养老院，在那我遇到一个老先生，他经常给我讲他的故事，我们互相分享想法，后来他去世了。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词，连词，形容词，定语从句，时态语态，冠词，宾语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
33．句意：我过去经常去一个由我们城市海德拉巴的穷姐妹管理的养老院。home和 manage 在逻辑上是动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作定语，故填managed。
34．句意：在那里我遇到了一位80多岁的先生，名叫库里安。at his late eighties，"在他八十多岁的时候"，故填eighties。
35．句意：库里安先生对自己家里的生活很不满意，决定搬进海得拉巴的这所养老院。分析可知，他在他的房子里感到情绪低落，就决定搬到老房子去。表示并列，故填and。
36．句意：每次见面，我们都开始分享很多想法，慢慢地，每天我都会花一些时间和他讨论他在军队里做什么，露营的乐趣等等，他总是很高兴地分享这些。修饰名词affair应该用形容词daily，故填daily。
37．句意：每次见面，我们都开始分享很多想法，慢慢地，每天我都会花一些时间和他讨论他在军队里做什么，露营的乐趣等等，他总是很高兴地分享这些。 he used to share with lots of joy 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词what he was doing in the army, camp fun etc，在从句中作share的宾语，故填which。
38．句意：我看到他在我面前真的很高兴。My为形容词性物主代词，其后跟名词，故填presence。
39．句意：我想多活几年，与你共度快乐时光。feel like doing固定短语，"想要做……"，动名词作宾语，故填living。
40．句意：我到家的第二天，他的房间被锁上了。此处是谓语动词，他的门是被锁了，应用用被动语态，再结合全文都是一般过去时，故填was locked。
41．句意：他就在我们昨天见面的那晚去世了。the very night"就在那天晚上"，the特指那天晚上，故填the。
42．句意：我没有给他任何有价值的东西，除了我过去常听他的话和分享他的想法。 I used to listen to his words and share his thoughts 是宾语从句，从句不缺成分，故用that引导宾语从句，作except的宾语，引出后面的句子，故填that。
43．【答案】divide
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这个国家的贫富差距继续扩大。定冠词the后接名词在句中作主语，根据句意应用 divide "差距"，结合谓语动词is，应用单数形式，故填divide。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
44．【答案】dominates
【知识点】动词第三人称单数；一般现在时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：他拒绝让别人发言，控制着每次会议。此处是谓语动词，表述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。根据前文"He refuses to let others speak"可知，此处表示"控制这每一次会议"，表示"控制，主导"应该用dominate，此处主语为he是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填dominates。
【点评】考查时态和主谓一致，本题涉及一般现在时和第三人称单数。
45．【答案】weak
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他脸色苍白，体力也很虚弱。此处形容词作表语。根据句意，表示"虚弱的"应该用形容词weak。故填weak。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
46．【答案】striking
【知识点】作前置定语；以-ing结尾的形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：过去和现在形成明显的对比。此处形容词修饰名词 contrast，根据句意，表示"显著的、明显的"应用 striking ，作定语，故填striking。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
47．【答案】insights
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这是一本有趣的书，充满了吸引人的东西对人际关系的洞察。此处名词作宾语，表示"洞察"应该用insight，结合语境表示复数意义。故填insights。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
48．【答案】spilling
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这孩子能把果汁倒进杯子里而不会洒出来。根据句意，表示"洒出，溢出"应用spill，介词without后用其动名词形式作宾语。故填spilling。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作宾语。
49．【答案】fare
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：在封锁期间，旅游业不太可能有任何好转。此处是谓语动词，与助动词will构成一般将来时。根据句意，表示"进展"应该用fare。故填fare。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般将来时。
50．【答案】solved
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：真正的问题还没有得到解决。分析句子，此处应用动词的过去分词与前文构成现在完成时的被动语态。根据句意，表示"解决"应用solve。故填solved。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
51．【答案】remarkable
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】。句意：他以惊人的速度和效率完成了工作。修饰名词 speed和efficiency，应用形容词。根据句意，应用remarkable"显著的"，作定语，故填remarkable。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
52．【答案】sympathetic
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：我们总是希望向有困难的人提供友善而富有同情心的倾听。此处形容词作定语。根据句意，表示"富有同情心的"，应该用形容词sympathetic。故填sympathetic。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
53．【答案】impulsive
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他太冲动了，不能成为一个负责任的领导。此处形容词作表语。根据句意，表示"冲动的"，应用 impulsive ，故填impulsive。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
54．【答案】pursue
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：她希望毕业后从事医学工作。wish to do sth."希望做某事"。根据句意，应用pursue"从事"，不定式作宾语，故填pursue。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语。
55．【答案】attribute/owe
【知识点】固定短语；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：她倾向于把自己的成功归因于运气等外部因素。tend to do固定短语，"倾向于做某事"，此处用动词原形；attribute/owe ... to ..."把某事归因于"。根据句意，故填attribute/owe。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语，以及固定短语tend to do和attribute/owe ... to ...。
56．【答案】slid
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：他好转了一段时间，但我想他又恢复了老习惯。根据前文"He was improving for a while"及"but"及"back into his old habits"可知，此处意为"重新回到"，要用短语slide back into，结合空前has可知为现在完成时，此处应用过去分词slid，故填slid。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及现在完成时。
57．【答案】unwilling
【知识点】固定短语；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我玩得很开心，以致我不想离开。分析可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意，此处表示"不愿意做某事"，应用短语：be unwilling to do sth.，故填unwilling。
【点评】考查形容词，以及固定短语be unwilling to do sth.。
58．【答案】weakened
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：最近的几次失败严重地削弱了我们对该队的信心。" 削弱 "应用weaken，此处是谓语动词，结合句意和助动词has been构成现在完成时被动语态。故填weakened。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
59．【答案】efficiency
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：公司正在采取措施提高效率，降低成本。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入名词作宾语，“效率”是不可数名词，故填efficiency。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
60．【答案】hazard
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：冬天高速公路上有雾是一种危险。" 风险 "应用hazard，此处名词作表语，不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数，故填hazard。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作表语。
61．【答案】inspiring/encouraging
【知识点】以-ing结尾的形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：他的讲话既有启发性又鼓舞人心。此处形容词作表语。根据汉语提示，表示"鼓舞人心的"，应该用inspiring/encouraging修饰his talk。故填inspiring。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语，
62．【答案】exceeded
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：运动会的成功超出了所有人的预期。" 胜过 "应用exceed，此处是谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填exceeded。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
63．【答案】As soon as the book was published, it was acclaimed by critics as a brilliant literary work.
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时；时间状语从句
【解析】【分析】结合句意可知，本句叙述的动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时。表示"这本书一经出版"翻译为as soon as the book was published, as soon as"一……就……"，引导时间状语从句；表示"被誉为……"用固定句型it was acclaimed as；表示"被批评家"用by critics；表示"(一部)杰出的文学作品"用a brilliant literary work，故答案为As soon as the book was published, it was acclaimed by critics as a brilliant literary work.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及时间状语从句、一般过去时的被动语态。
64．【答案】Through the real-time detection, researchers can keep pace with the rapid changes of the ocean.
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英
【解析】【分析】real-time detection"实时检测"；keep pace with "跟上，赶上"；rapid change"迅速变化"。情态动词can"能够"，后接动词原形。根据句意，故答案为Through the real-time detection, researchers can keep pace with the rapid changes of the ocean.
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语keep pace with。
65．【答案】Whenever I meet a project that interests me, I am always unconsciously engaged in the work overtime and forget to eat and sleep.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；时间状语从句
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，表示"每当"应该用whenever引导时间状语从句，故句子应该使用一般现在时。表示"我遇到项目"应该用I meet a project；表示"令我感兴趣的项目"应该用that引导的定语从句，对项目进行修饰，that在从句中作主语，即that interests me；表示"不自觉地"应该用unconsciously；表示"加班加点"应该用be engaged in the work overtime；表示"废寝忘食"应该用 forget to eat and sleep与前面构成并列结构。故答案为Whenever I meet a project that interests me, I am always unconsciously engaged in the work overtime and forget to eat and sleep.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及时间状语从句，定语从句，一般现在时和固定短语be engaged in。
66．【答案】Observant people tend to make generalizations about events more easily.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，表示"善于观察的"应该用observant；表示"往往做某事，倾向于做某事"应该用tend to do；表示"对某事做出归纳总结"应该用make generalizations about sth。表示"更容易"应该用比较级more easily。句子表述的是客观事实，故事用一般现在时。故答案为Observant people tend to make generalizations about events more easily。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定短语tend to do和make generalizations about sth.。
67．【答案】With the passage of time, he became more and more aware of the poetic happiness brought by nature.
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】表示"随着岁月的流逝"应该用介词短语with the passage of time；表示"越发理解"应该用动词短语become more and more aware of；表示"充满诗意的快乐"应用the poetic happiness ；表示"大自然带来的"应该用brought by nature，此处the the poetic happiness和bring之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。同时本句描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时。故答案为With the passage of time, he became more and more aware of the poetic happiness brought by nature。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时，以及固定短语become aware of和by nature。
二一教育在线组卷平台（zujuan.21cnjy.com）自动生成 1 / 1登录二一教育在线组卷平台 助您教考全无忧
重庆市南岸区南坪高级中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
阅读理解
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn' t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth' s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn' t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It' s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, " When I am on the road, I' m just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals. "
1．Why did Merebeth changed her job
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
2．The word " wanderlust " in paragraph 2 means a desire to ____
A．make money. B．try various jobs.
C．be close to nature. D．travel to different places.
3．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job."她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers."她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行，可知，划线词 wanderlust 的意思是"渴望去不同的地方旅行"。故选D。
3．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals."当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物。可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
阅读理解
One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. " Brutus was not an honourable man, " he said. " He was a traitor (叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood. " The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said — at least as it was presented by Shakespeare — to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. " You have to understand, " the executives said, " our policy is to obey the chain of command. "
During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare' s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known former advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called " Movers and Shakespeares " . They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high-level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, dealing with half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius' s sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organizing.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programs contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry' s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying " the noblest Roman of them all " couldn' t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar' s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus' s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business when and how do you resist the boss
4．According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus
A．Cruel. B．Superior. C．Honourable. D．Rude.
5．According to the passage, the Adelmans set up " Movers and Shakespeares " to ____.
A．help executives to understand Shakespeare' s plays better
B．give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare' s plays
C．provide case studies of Shakespeare' s plays in literature workshops
D．guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare' s plays
6．Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V
A．To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B．To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C．To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.
D．To warn executives against power misuse.
7．It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A．the Adelmans' program proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized
B．executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare' s plays
C．the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars
D．Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．A
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；文学艺术类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的应用。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文学类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty"大家一致认为，Brutus的行为很残忍。可知，所有高管都认为，Brutus表现得很残忍。故选A。
5．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business."在过去几年，商业执行官和作家们找到了一种新的方式来劝导行政体系。他们是非专业的莎士比亚研究者和推崇者，并将其高昂的激情用于商业管理培训项目中。可推出，Adelman夫妇成立了Movers and Shakespeares，通过分析莎士比亚的戏剧给领导层提供建议。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader."相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为有能力的领导。可知，Adelman举办关于亨利五世的研讨会是为了强调抓住机会的重要性。故选A。
7．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar."公司的一名执行官汇聚在Aspen集团参加为期一天的领导力研讨，这个研讨会其中一个主题就是讨论莎士比亚作品中Brutus对凯撒之死所起到的作用。可推断出，莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用。故选D。
8．（2015·上海）阅读理解
Look to many of history's cultural symbols, and there you'll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity's earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.
For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion's courtyard.
The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people's imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.
If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don't worry: I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.
（1）According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages
A．People thought of snow as holy art supplies.
B．People longed to see masterpieces of snow.
C．Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.
D．Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.
（2）“The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________.
A．snowmen were made mainly by artists B．snowmen enjoyed great popularity
C．snowmen were politically criticized D．snowmen caused damaging floods
（3）In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.
A．the start of the parade B．the coming of a longer summer
C．the passing of the winter D．the success of tradesmen
（4）What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage
A．They were appreciated in history B．They have lost their value
C．They were related to movies D．They vary in shape and size
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述历史的文化标志：雪人。
（1）考查细节理解。 根据第二段中的“ At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky ”在那时，表达方式的方法有限，雪就像是来自于上天的一种自由艺术。 这说明雪的流行是因为它是一种表达的方式，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解 根据黑体字后面的内容“has passed, don't worry: I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. “已经过去了，不用担心：我了解到一些历史的雪人现在依然在制造。这表明担心的是现在没有了这样的东西，换句话说就是现在不再流行，所以答案就是B。
（3）考查细节理解。 根据最后一段中的“celebrate the beginning of spring …. 庆祝春天的开始”， 可以知道答案应该是冬天的过去，也就是春天的开始。所以答案是C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”look to many of history's cultural symbols“回顾许多的历史文化标志，另外整篇文章出现过很多的history，结合上下文可以知道答案是A ”雪人在历史上是受欣赏的“。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
阅读理解
Enough " meaningless drivel " . That' s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.
The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee' s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up too long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. " The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone, " says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.
It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. " We need to think through how we make that work in practice, " says Miller.
Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark " I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would, " says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. " We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information. " But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.
Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. " We still don' t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years' time, " he says.
Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don' t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large colle ctions of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.
The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don' t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn' t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.
9．What does the phrase "meaningless drivel" in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to
A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.
B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.
C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.
D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms.
10．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether ____.
A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme
B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think
C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale
D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models
11．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because ____.
A．their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old
B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand
C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future
D．it remains unknown how users' data will be taken advantage of
12．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Say no to social media
B．New security rules in operation
C．Accept without reading
D．Administration matters!
【答案】9．A
10．B
11．D
12．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同，作者就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions."英国下议院科学技术委员会上周发布的报告指责一些公司迫使人们签署长而难懂的法律合同，并呼吁使用国际标准或认证标记来识别那些有明确条款和条件的网站。可知，很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了没有意义的法律合同。而这些合同是没有意义的废话，也起不到任何作用，很多用户根本没有仔细阅读合同的具体内容。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出第1和第3段中的meaningless drivel指的是"社交媒体公司让人们签署的法律合同"。故选A。
10．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark ‘I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,' says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data."我们能不能多注意一下认证标记？"我认为如果你去做了调查，人们会认为他们会去做，"英国南安普敦大学研究公开数据的Nigel Shadbolt说。可推断，Nigel Shadbolt怀疑人们是否会像他们认为的那样关注认证标记。故选B。
11．考查细节理解。根据第五段"Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. ‘We still don't know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years' time,' he says." 其他机构，如银行，会要求客户签署他们可能不会读或理解的长期合同，但Miller认为，社交媒体需要特别关注，因为它是太新了。他说："我们仍然不知道孩子们在社交媒体上放的不明智的东西会产生多大的长期影响，而20年后这些东西又会回来伤害到他们。"可知，Andrew Miller认为社交媒体比银行需要更多的关注，主要是因为用户的数据将如何被利用仍然是个未知数。故选D。
12．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名"未阅读就接受？"适合做文章标题。故选C。
二、补全对话
补全对话
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 　13． 　
Pick the most important.
　14． 　 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don' t want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 　15． 　 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
　16． 　
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won' t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. 　17． 　 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】13．F；14．D；15．C；16．B；17．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效方式。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
13．根据空前"I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed."我已经做出了具体的选择，让我能够充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松。说明，作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，同时仍旧感到快乐和轻松；再根据下文各段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议。F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time"也许这些建议能帮助你充分利用你的时间"承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
14．根据本段小标题"Pick the most important."可知，本段建议挑选最重要的；以及空后"Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive."把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上。说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做， D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. "选择你生活中有意义的东西"符合语境。故选D。
15．根据空前"Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc." 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间。说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间；以及空后"Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner." 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们。说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间， C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. "不要试图在它们之间平衡时间"符合语境。故选C。
16．根据空后"You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there."你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法。可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。 B. Be an active learner. "做有效的学习者"为段落标题，符合语境，故选B。
17．根据空后"Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way." 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)"说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的"making lists"与之呼应， G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. "这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因"符合语境，其中this指代空前"The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence."在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在，解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
三、完形填空
完形填空
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 18． work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 19． , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 20． , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 21． without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 22． people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 23． to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 24． . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 25． managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 26． managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 27． the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 28． with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 29． been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 30． that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 31． management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 32． of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
18．A．desire B．seek C．lose D．dislike
19．A．contrary B．expectation C．degree D．extreme
20．A．vice versa B．for example C．however D．otherwise
21．A．outside B．inside C．below D．above
22．A．replacing B．assessing C．managing D．encouraging
23．A．refer B．contribute C．object D．apply
24．A．agreement B．practice C．election D．impression
25．A．bossy B．experienced C．western D．male
26．A．asking B．training C．warning D．firing
27．A．doubling B．maintaining C．reducing D．estimating
28．A．honored B．left C．crowded D．compared
29．A．economically B．traditionally C．inadequately D．occasionally
30．A．deny B．admit C．assume D．ensure
31．A．virtual B．ineffective C．day-to-day D．on-the-scene
32．A．opinion B．risk C．performance D．attractiveness
【答案】18．D；19．A；20．B；21．D；22．C；23．B；24．A；25．D；26．A；27．C；28．B；29．B；30．D；31．A；32．C
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，诗篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
18．句意：X理论认为，人们本能地不喜欢工作，会做任何事情来避免工作。A. desire"想要，渴望"；B. seek"寻找"；C. lose"失去"；D. dislike"不喜欢"。根据空后"will do anything to avoid it"可知，很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明很多人都不喜欢工作。故选D。
19．句意：不管怎样，尽管有这么多相反的证据，许多经理仍然同意X理论。A.contrary"相反的"；B. expectation"出乎意料"；C.degree"程度；D. extreme"极端"。上文提到了X理论，很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明很多人都喜欢工作。而Y理论认为每个人都有可能在工作中找到满足感。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故选A。
20．句意：例如，他们认为，如果他们的员工想要有效地工作，就需要不断地监督，或者决定必须在没有协商的情况下从上面强加。A. vice versa"反之亦然"；B. for example"例如"；C. however"然而"；D. otherwise"否则"。此处for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故选B。
21．句意：例如，他们认为，如果他们的员工想要有效地工作，就需要不断地监督，或者决定必须在没有协商的情况下从上面强加。A. outside"外部"；B. inside"内部"；C. below"下方"；D. above"上方"。根据下文"This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers."可知，这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故选D。
22．句意：不同的文化有不同的管理方式。A. replacing"代替"；B. assessing"评估"；C. managing"管理"；D. encouraging"鼓励"。根据上文可知，本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本句使用动词manage"管理"，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故选C。
23．句意：与专制管理不同的是，某些文化，特别是亚洲文化，以决策的协商性质而闻名——该部或工作组的所有成员都被要求对这一进程做出贡献。A. refer"提到，谈到"；B. contribute"贡献"；C. object"反对"；D. apply "适用，申请"。亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故选B。
24．句意：许多西方公司试图模仿这种建立在共同的协商基础之上的亚洲做事方式。A. agreement"协商"；B. practice"练习，做法"；C. election"选举"；D. impression"印象"。亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故选A。
25．句意：一些专家说，女性将成为比男性更有效的管理者，因为她们有能力达到传统男性管理者无法达到的共同目标。A. bossy"专横的"；B. experienced"有经验的"；C. western"西方的"；D. male"男性的"。根据空前"women will become more effective managers than men"可知，有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故选D。
26．句意：最近的一种趋势是鼓励员工发挥自己的主动性，自己做决定，而不需要事先征求经理的意见。A. asking"询问"；B. training"训练"；C. warning"警告"；D. firing"开除"。根据空前"encourage employees to use their own initiative"鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神)也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故选A。
27．句意：这种授权一直是企业精简趋势的一部分：减少公司管理层的数量。A. doubling"使加倍"；B. maintaining"保持"；C. reducing"减少"；D. estimating"估计"。根据空前"the trend towards downsizing"缩小规模的趋势，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故选C。
28．句意：以这种方式分层后，公司可能只剩下高层管理人员、一线管理人员和与公众直接接触的员工。A. honored "被授予"；B.left "留下，剩下"；C. crowded"拥挤"；D. compared "相比"。根据语境可知，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中间环节，提高了管理的效益。故选B。
29．句意：授权管理的概念比传统上的情况走得更远。A. economically"经济地"；B. traditionally"传统地"；C. inadequately"不充分地"；D. occasionally"偶尔地"。根据下文"Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management"可知，授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故选B。
30．句意：授权管理和委托管理意味着新的管理控制形式，以确保执行全面的业务计划，并使业务在新的组织下变得更有利可图，而不是减少利润。A. deny"否认"；B. admit"承认"；C. assume"假定，设想"；D. ensure"保证，确保"。根据语境可知，授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。故选D。
31．句意：另一种趋势是离线或虚拟管理，即通过电子邮件和互联网联系在一起的团队在他们自己的家里进行项目工作。A. virtual"虚拟的"；B. ineffective"低效的"；C. day-to-day"日常的"；D. on-the-scene"现场的"。根据空后"where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses"可知，在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故选A。
32．句意：项目经理根据团队成员为项目生产的产品，而不是他们在项目上花费的时间来评估团队成员的表现。A. opinion"观点"；B. risk"冒险"；C. performance"表现"；D. attractiveness"魅力"。根据空后"in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them"可知，我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故选C。
四、语法填空
语法填空
I used to frequently visit an old age home 　33． 　(manage) by the little sisters of the poor in our city Hyderabad. A. P. , India. There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late 　34． 　(eighty). He served the Indian army and retired. He has one son who is well educated and also married.
Mr. Kurien felt down with the life in his house 　35． 　 decided to move into this old age home here in Hyderabad. We both began to share a lot of thoughts whenever we met and slowly it was a 　36． 　(day) affair that I used to spend some time with him discussing what he was doing in the army, camp fun etc. , 　37． 　 he used to share with lots of joy.
I used to carry with me some snacks which we both used to sit under a tree and eat. I saw him really very happy in my 　38． 　(present). One day he told me with tears in his eyes " I really found a very good friend in you. I feel like 　39． 　(live) some more years to spend happy time with you.
As we departed, I told him, " Do not worry. We will have enough time together in the future. " I had an official meeting and could not go to the old age home the next day. The day after when I reached the home, his room 　40． 　(lock). I enquired and found that he was no more. He died 　41． 　 very night we both met last.
I really miss him. I have not given him anything worthwhile except 　42． 　 I used to listen to his words and share his thoughts.
【答案】33．managed；34．eighties；35．and；36．daily；37．which；38．presence；39．living；40．was locked；41．the；42．that
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我过去经常去一个由我们城市海德拉巴的穷姐妹管理的养老院，在那我遇到一个老先生，他经常给我讲他的故事，我们互相分享想法，后来他去世了。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词，连词，形容词，定语从句，时态语态，冠词，宾语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
33．句意：我过去经常去一个由我们城市海德拉巴的穷姐妹管理的养老院。home和 manage 在逻辑上是动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作定语，故填managed。
34．句意：在那里我遇到了一位80多岁的先生，名叫库里安。at his late eighties，"在他八十多岁的时候"，故填eighties。
35．句意：库里安先生对自己家里的生活很不满意，决定搬进海得拉巴的这所养老院。分析可知，他在他的房子里感到情绪低落，就决定搬到老房子去。表示并列，故填and。
36．句意：每次见面，我们都开始分享很多想法，慢慢地，每天我都会花一些时间和他讨论他在军队里做什么，露营的乐趣等等，他总是很高兴地分享这些。修饰名词affair应该用形容词daily，故填daily。
37．句意：每次见面，我们都开始分享很多想法，慢慢地，每天我都会花一些时间和他讨论他在军队里做什么，露营的乐趣等等，他总是很高兴地分享这些。 he used to share with lots of joy 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词what he was doing in the army, camp fun etc，在从句中作share的宾语，故填which。
38．句意：我看到他在我面前真的很高兴。My为形容词性物主代词，其后跟名词，故填presence。
39．句意：我想多活几年，与你共度快乐时光。feel like doing固定短语，"想要做……"，动名词作宾语，故填living。
40．句意：我到家的第二天，他的房间被锁上了。此处是谓语动词，他的门是被锁了，应用用被动语态，再结合全文都是一般过去时，故填was locked。
41．句意：他就在我们昨天见面的那晚去世了。the very night"就在那天晚上"，the特指那天晚上，故填the。
42．句意：我没有给他任何有价值的东西，除了我过去常听他的话和分享他的想法。 I used to listen to his words and share his thoughts 是宾语从句，从句不缺成分，故用that引导宾语从句，作except的宾语，引出后面的句子，故填that。
五、单词拼写
43． The 　 　 between the rich and the poor in this country is continuing to grow. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】divide
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这个国家的贫富差距继续扩大。定冠词the后接名词在句中作主语，根据句意应用 divide "差距"，结合谓语动词is，应用单数形式，故填divide。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
44． He refuses to let others speak and 　 　 every meeting. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】dominates
【知识点】动词第三人称单数；一般现在时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：他拒绝让别人发言，控制着每次会议。此处是谓语动词，表述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。根据前文"He refuses to let others speak"可知，此处表示"控制这每一次会议"，表示"控制，主导"应该用dominate，此处主语为he是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填dominates。
【点评】考查时态和主谓一致，本题涉及一般现在时和第三人称单数。
45． His face was pale, and his physical strength was 　 　. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】weak
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他脸色苍白，体力也很虚弱。此处形容词作表语。根据句意，表示"虚弱的"应该用形容词weak。故填weak。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
46． There is a 　 　 contrast between the past the present. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】striking
【知识点】作前置定语；以-ing结尾的形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：过去和现在形成明显的对比。此处形容词修饰名词 contrast，根据句意，表示"显著的、明显的"应用 striking ，作定语，故填striking。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
47． It was an interesting book, full of fascinating 　 　 into human relationships. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】insights
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这是一本有趣的书，充满了吸引人的东西对人际关系的洞察。此处名词作宾语，表示"洞察"应该用insight，结合语境表示复数意义。故填insights。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
48． The kid can pour the juice into the glass without 　 　 it. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】spilling
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这孩子能把果汁倒进杯子里而不会洒出来。根据句意，表示"洒出，溢出"应用spill，介词without后用其动名词形式作宾语。故填spilling。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作宾语。
49． It is unlikely that the tourism industry will 　 　 any better during the lockdown. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】fare
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：在封锁期间，旅游业不太可能有任何好转。此处是谓语动词，与助动词will构成一般将来时。根据句意，表示"进展"应该用fare。故填fare。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般将来时。
50． The real issues have not been 　 　. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】solved
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：真正的问题还没有得到解决。分析句子，此处应用动词的过去分词与前文构成现在完成时的被动语态。根据句意，表示"解决"应用solve。故填solved。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
51． He finished the work with 　 　 speed and efficiency. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】remarkable
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】。句意：他以惊人的速度和效率完成了工作。修饰名词 speed和efficiency，应用形容词。根据句意，应用remarkable"显著的"，作定语，故填remarkable。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
52． We always hope to provide a friendly 　 　 ear to those who are in trouble. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】sympathetic
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：我们总是希望向有困难的人提供友善而富有同情心的倾听。此处形容词作定语。根据句意，表示"富有同情心的"，应该用形容词sympathetic。故填sympathetic。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
53． He is too 　 　 to be a responsible leader. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】impulsive
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他太冲动了，不能成为一个负责任的领导。此处形容词作表语。根据句意，表示"冲动的"，应用 impulsive ，故填impulsive。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
54． She wishes to 　 　 a medical career after graduation. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】pursue
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：她希望毕业后从事医学工作。wish to do sth."希望做某事"。根据句意，应用pursue"从事"，不定式作宾语，故填pursue。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语。
55． She tends to 　 　 her success to external causes such as luck. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】attribute/owe
【知识点】固定短语；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：她倾向于把自己的成功归因于运气等外部因素。tend to do固定短语，"倾向于做某事"，此处用动词原形；attribute/owe ... to ..."把某事归因于"。根据句意，故填attribute/owe。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语，以及固定短语tend to do和attribute/owe ... to ...。
56． He was improving for a while, but I think he has 　 　 back into his old habits. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】slid
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：他好转了一段时间，但我想他又恢复了老习惯。根据前文"He was improving for a while"及"but"及"back into his old habits"可知，此处意为"重新回到"，要用短语slide back into，结合空前has可知为现在完成时，此处应用过去分词slid，故填slid。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及现在完成时。
57． I was having such a good time that I was 　 　 to leave. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】unwilling
【知识点】固定短语；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我玩得很开心，以致我不想离开。分析可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意，此处表示"不愿意做某事"，应用短语：be unwilling to do sth.，故填unwilling。
【点评】考查形容词，以及固定短语be unwilling to do sth.。
58． Our confidence in the team has been seriously 　 　 (削弱) by the recent defeats. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】weakened
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：最近的几次失败严重地削弱了我们对该队的信心。" 削弱 "应用weaken，此处是谓语动词，结合句意和助动词has been构成现在完成时被动语态。故填weakened。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
59．（2020高一上·靖江期中）The company is taking steps
to improve 　 　 (效率) and reduce costs. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】efficiency
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：公司正在采取措施提高效率，降低成本。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入名词作宾语，“效率”是不可数名词，故填efficiency。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
60． Fog can be a 　 　 (风险) on the motorways in winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】hazard
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：冬天高速公路上有雾是一种危险。" 风险 "应用hazard，此处名词作表语，不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数，故填hazard。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作表语。
61． His talk was both instructive and 　 　 (鼓舞人心的). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】inspiring/encouraging
【知识点】以-ing结尾的形容词
【解析】【分析】句意：他的讲话既有启发性又鼓舞人心。此处形容词作表语。根据汉语提示，表示"鼓舞人心的"，应该用inspiring/encouraging修饰his talk。故填inspiring。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语，
62． The success of the sports meeting 　 　 (胜过) all expectations. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】exceeded
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：运动会的成功超出了所有人的预期。" 胜过 "应用exceed，此处是谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填exceeded。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
六、翻译
63． 这本书一经出版，就被批评家们誉为杰出的文学作品。(acclaim)（汉译英）
【答案】As soon as the book was published, it was acclaimed by critics as a brilliant literary work.
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时；时间状语从句
【解析】【分析】结合句意可知，本句叙述的动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时。表示"这本书一经出版"翻译为as soon as the book was published, as soon as"一……就……"，引导时间状语从句；表示"被誉为……"用固定句型it was acclaimed as；表示"被批评家"用by critics；表示"(一部)杰出的文学作品"用a brilliant literary work，故答案为As soon as the book was published, it was acclaimed by critics as a brilliant literary work.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及时间状语从句、一般过去时的被动语态。
64． 通过实时检测，研究人员能够跟进海洋的快速变化。(keep pace with) （汉译英）
【答案】Through the real-time detection, researchers can keep pace with the rapid changes of the ocean.
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英
【解析】【分析】real-time detection"实时检测"；keep pace with "跟上，赶上"；rapid change"迅速变化"。情态动词can"能够"，后接动词原形。根据句意，故答案为Through the real-time detection, researchers can keep pace with the rapid changes of the ocean.
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语keep pace with。
65． 每当遇到令我感兴趣的项目时，我总是不自觉地加班加点，废寝忘食。(engage) （汉译英）
【答案】Whenever I meet a project that interests me, I am always unconsciously engaged in the work overtime and forget to eat and sleep.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；时间状语从句
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，表示"每当"应该用whenever引导时间状语从句，故句子应该使用一般现在时。表示"我遇到项目"应该用I meet a project；表示"令我感兴趣的项目"应该用that引导的定语从句，对项目进行修饰，that在从句中作主语，即that interests me；表示"不自觉地"应该用unconsciously；表示"加班加点"应该用be engaged in the work overtime；表示"废寝忘食"应该用 forget to eat and sleep与前面构成并列结构。故答案为Whenever I meet a project that interests me, I am always unconsciously engaged in the work overtime and forget to eat and sleep.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及时间状语从句，定语从句，一般现在时和固定短语be engaged in。
66． 善于观察的人们往往更容易对一些事件做出归纳总结。(make generalizations about) （汉译英）
【答案】Observant people tend to make generalizations about events more easily.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，表示"善于观察的"应该用observant；表示"往往做某事，倾向于做某事"应该用tend to do；表示"对某事做出归纳总结"应该用make generalizations about sth。表示"更容易"应该用比较级more easily。句子表述的是客观事实，故事用一般现在时。故答案为Observant people tend to make generalizations about events more easily。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定短语tend to do和make generalizations about sth.。
67． 随着岁月的流逝，他越发能理解大自然带来的充满诗意的快乐。(passage, poetic) （汉译英）
【答案】With the passage of time, he became more and more aware of the poetic happiness brought by nature.
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】表示"随着岁月的流逝"应该用介词短语with the passage of time；表示"越发理解"应该用动词短语become more and more aware of；表示"充满诗意的快乐"应用the poetic happiness ；表示"大自然带来的"应该用brought by nature，此处the the poetic happiness和bring之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。同时本句描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时。故答案为With the passage of time, he became more and more aware of the poetic happiness brought by nature。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时，以及固定短语become aware of和by nature。
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