牛津译林版(2020)必修第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Extended reading课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语必修三课件
Unit 1 Nature in the balance
Extended reading
News that Matters: 《焦点新闻》
pollution in Norgate [ n ɡe t]
◆ 内容分析
【What】本板块语篇的文本类型是电视访谈节目脚本，话题是虚拟城市诺盖特的污染问题。三个嘉宾被邀请参加一个电视节目，分别发表对发展经济和保护环境之间关系的看法。
【Why】本板块的语篇中提到了经济发展与环境保护这一对矛盾体，其实这是现代社会中的一个现实问题。
如何正确处理这对矛盾，在确保经济高速发展、社会进步的同时，还能保证自然环境免遭破坏，这是全人类共同面临的问题。在学习过程中，我们要站在人类命运共同体的视角去思考可持续发展的问题。
【How】访谈节目是以主持人采访嘉宾这种对话的形式来展开的，学习中要注意文体特征，分析对话形式的特点，能够区分嘉宾的观点和论据，并注意主持人的话语在上下文中所起的串联作用。同时分析三个嘉宾的观点，提出我们对发展经济和保护环境之间关系这一话题的看法，培养我们的思辨能力。
◆ 教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. understand the TV show transcript about a polluted city;
2. summarize the main viewpoints of the host and three guests;
3. come up with your own ideas about the relationship between economic development and environmental protection;
4. appreciate the functions of the host’s words and the language strategies the host has adopted;
5. describe what the world will be like 20 years from now.
A. Understanding
1. Answer the following question.
What kinds of pollution do cities have now
Air pollution: the air becomes dirty, sometimes smells bad and the smog appears frequently. Seeing a clear blue sky has become rare.
Water pollution: rivers, lakes and other water areas have become polluted. Animals, including the fish and waterbirds have been affected badly. In some places, the safety of people’s drinking water has become a problem.
Noise pollution: noise is all around us, from highways, railways, airplane traffic and from outdoor construction activities.
Unwanted(不需要的；多余的；不受欢迎的；无用的) or excessive [ k ses v](过分的；过度的) sound can have bad effects on human health and environmental quality.
Light pollution: inappropriate [ n pr pri t] or excessive use of artificial lighting can have serious environmental consequences for humans, wildlife, and the climate.
Our ability to observe stars and other celestial [s lesti l](天空的；天上的) objects is limited by the artificial lighting which wastes energy.
2. Read the TV show transcript about a polluted city.
matter| m t (r)| v. ~ (to sb) (不用于进行时) 事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响
The children matter more to her than anything else in the world.对于她来说，在这个世界上没有比孩子更重要的了。
It doesn't matter to me what you do.
你做什么我无所谓。
Does it really matter who did it
是谁干的真的很重要吗？
It didn't matter that the weather was bad.
天气不好并没什么影响。
HOST: Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. △ Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent [ v nsnt ] Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer [ d u li ɑ t (r)], chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. Welcome.
Norgate’s rapid development has had significant(数量相当大的;显著的) environmental costs. Mr Smith, you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time
SMITH: It’s been awful, really. When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in,
and things became entirely different. I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky(烟似的;烟雾般的;烟灰色的) grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. For health and safety reasons alone, heavy industry has to go.
move in (on sb/sth)
从四面八方逼近；进逼,迁入;搬来
Her house was in perfect order when she moved in. 她搬进来时，屋子里井井有条。
The police moved in on the terrorists.
警察从四面八方向恐怖分子进逼。
move in with sb搬来和某人一起居住
move in sth涉足，出入，生活在（某群体）
She only moves in the best circles.
她只涉足那些精英圈子。
colour| k l (r)| v.
A. （用颜料、彩色笔等）为…着色
The children love to draw and colour.
儿童喜欢画画和涂颜色。
How long have you been colouring (= dyeing ) your hair
你染发有多长时间了？
The rising sun coloured the sky bright red.冉冉升起的太阳把天空染得通红。
B. vi. ~ (at sth) (人或其面孔) （因尴尬而）脸红,=blush
She coloured at his remarks.
她听到他的话脸红了。
C. vt.（尤指负面地）影响
Don't let your judgement be coloured by personal feelings.不要让你的判断受到个人感情的影响。
alone （用于名词或代词后以加强语气）仅仅，单，只
The shoes alone cost 200.
仅鞋子一项就花了200英镑。
You alone should determine what is right for you.
只有你自己才能决定什么适合你。
HOST: Mr Smith protested against(抗议；提出异议；反对) heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond
BROWN: Well, I’m sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.
一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。
tend to do sth.往往会；常常就
Women tend to live longer than men.
女人往往比男人长寿。
It tends to get very cold here in the winter.这里冬天往往会很冷。
People tend to think that the problem will never affect them.
人们往往认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。
connect sb/sth (with sb/sth) 注意到…有关联；把…联系起来,=associate
There was nothing to connect him with the crime.他与那起犯罪毫无关联。
I was surprised to hear them mentioned together: I had never connected them before.
听到有人把他们牵扯在一起我很吃惊；我以前从未把他们联起来想过。
In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.
in defence of :为 …… 作解释或辩护
I have to say in her defence that she meant no harm.
我得为她说句话，她并没有恶意。
point out (to sb) | point sth out (to sb)（向某人）指出
She tried in vain to point out to him the unfairness of his actions.她试图向他指出他的做法不公正，但无济于事。
He pointed out the dangers of driving alone.他指出单独驾车的危险性。
I should point out that not one of these paintings is original.我应当指出，这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
point sb/sth out (to sb)
指（给某人）看
I'll point him out to you next time he comes in.
他下次来的时候，我指给你看。
speak for sb代（或代表）某人讲话
speak for itself/themselves
不言而喻；有目共睹
The facts speak for themselves.
事实足以说明一切
concerned|k n s :nd; 美 - s :rnd|
A. ~ (about/for sth) | ~ (that…) 担心的；忧虑的
The President is deeply concerned about this issue.总统对这个问题深感担忧。
He didn't seem in the least concerned for her safety.对她的安全他似乎一点都不担心。
She was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.
她担心自己会错过转弯的地方而迷路。
B. ~ (about/with sth) 感兴趣的；关切的；关注的
They were more concerned with how the other women had dressed than in what the speaker was saying.
她们对别的妇女的衣着打扮比对发言人的讲话更加感兴趣。
unconcerned
We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs. I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow.
even if/though :despite the fact or belief that; no matter whether 即使；纵然；虽然
I'll get there, even if I have to walk.
我就是走也要走到那儿去。
I like her, even though she can be annoying at times.尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜欢她。
raise sth (to sth) 增加，提高（数量、水平等）
How can we raise standards in schools
我们怎样才能提高学校的水平？
Don't tell her about the job until you know for sure─we don't want to raise her hopes .
没确定之前别告诉她工作的事——我们不想让她期望过高。
They raised their offer to $500.
他们将出价抬高到500元。
draw one’s attention to sth.使注意;引起…注意
He was waving his arms to draw their attention.
他正挥手以引起他们的注意。
HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
ARCHER: Well, our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development.
We’ve made environmental policies for businesses[行业；(某一领域的)工作] to observe, like strict clean-up requirements(净化要求). We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.
hand in hand
A. 手拉手
B. 密切关联；相连带
Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand.
贫困和健康不良常有连带关系。
Luck and opportunity go hand in hand with hard work and knowledge.
运气和机会与勤奋和知识相伴而来。
However, fighting pollution isn’t just a task for factories and the government. △ It has to be a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule(指导原则；成功准则): reduce, reuse and recycle. For example, you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway, or using the bike-sharing system. 然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，应该全社会通力协作，人人都可以通过遵守“减少使用、重复使用、回收利用”这一黄金法则来助力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。
该原则简称为 3R 原则，包括减少使用、重复使用和循环利用三个方面。其中，减少使用要求尽量用高效的方式来达到既定的生产目的或消费目的，从源头上节约资源，减少污染，反对产品的过度包装；重复使用要求制造的产品和包装容器能够被多次使用，选择使用周期较长的高质量产品，抵制一次性用品；循环利用要求物品在完成使用功能后能变成可重新利用的资源，而不是只能作为垃圾填埋。
HOST: Thank you, Mrs Archer, and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said, “Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth ... these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable [ n sepr bl] [(与某事物)不可分离的，分不开的].我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。
advance促进；推动,=further
Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career.
为提高学历而进修是促进事业发展的一个办法。
They worked together to advance the cause of democracy [d m kr si].
他们合力推动民主事业。
one and the same
A. （表示强调）同一个
I never realized Ruth Rendell and Barbara Vine were one and the same.
我从未意识到鲁思·兰德尔和芭芭拉·瓦因原来是同一个人。
B. 同一个人；同一事物
It turns out that her aunt and my cousin are one and the same.
原来她姑妈就是我表姐。
fortune [常用复数词] （个人、家庭、国家等的）发展变化的趋势，命运，际遇
the changing fortunes of the film industry电影业的变迁
the fortunes of war战争的局势
She kept up with the fortunes of the Reeves family.
她一直关注着里夫斯家族的兴衰。
It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. It’s our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children. It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future(构建人类命运共同体).
aim (at doing sth) | ~ (at/for sth) 力求达到；力争做到
The government is aiming at a 50% reduction in unemployment.
政府正力争减少50%的失业人数。
They're aiming at training everybody by the end of the year.
他们力求做到在年底前人人得到培训。
We should aim for a bigger share of the market.
我们应该努力争取更大的市场份额。
3. Finish part A on page 12.
A. Summarize the main viewpoints of the host and three guests.
Points of view
James Smith
(1) Norgate has become seriously polluted over the past 20 years.
(2) Factories have caused water and air pollution and endangered public health.
(3) Heavy industry should be moved out of Norgate.
Points of view
Vincent Brown
Julie Archer
(1) Factory managers care deeply about the environment and the community.
(2) Factories have taken various measures to reduce pollution, even though these measures raise their production costs.
(3) Factories have helped Norgate’s economy and created job opportunities for local residents.
(1) The Norgate Environmental Protection Committee plays a major role in controlling pollution, but also has a duty to promote economic growth.
(2) Different branches of government work together to ensure that development strategies can be followed in an environmentally friendly way.
(3) Everyone should do their part to protect the environment.
Points of view
Host
(1) Norgate’s fast development has brought increased pollution levels and greatly damaged the environment.
(2) The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.
(3) We should build a better future and a cleaner world for our children.
4. Identify the opinion and supporting details in the main viewpoints of the three guests.
Opinion Supporting details
James Smith Factories have caused water and air pollution and endangered public health. The river is dirty and smelly.
(1) The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey.
(2) It’s also given him a cough that he can’t get rid of.
Opinion Supporting details
James Smith Factories try to control the amount of pollution they produce.
Factories have brought economic benefits to Norgate.
(3) Various measures have been taken, including the use of new technologies.
They’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow.
Opinion Supporting details
Julie Archer The Norgate Environmental Protection Committee plays a major role in controlling pollution, but also has a duty to promote economic growth. ●They have to achieve a balance
between environmental protection and economic development.
Different branches of government work together to ensure that development strategies can be followed in an environmentally friendly way.
Everyone should do their part to protect the environment.
(5) They’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements.
(6) They work hand in hand with other branches of government.
(7) Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
(8) taking the bus or the subway, or using the bike-sharing system
B. Appreciating
1. What’s the style of this TV show transcript What’s the function of this style
This TV show transcript is organized in the form of a conversation. Each person expresses his or her opinion in turn. And the host makes the decision who will be talking. This style helps present each person’s viewpoint directly and clearly.
2. Read the host’s words listed below and explore their functions by filling in the following table.
The host’s words:
(1) Mr Smith protested against heavy industry.
(2) A former UN official once said ... It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
(3) Mr Smith, you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time
(4) Mr Brown, would you like to respond
(5) Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory;
and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
(6) Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
(7) Our topic today is pollution in Norgate.
Introduce the topic Introduce the guests Invite the guest to talk Summarize the guest’s opinion Make a
conclusion
7
5
3,4,6
1
2
3. Finish part B on page 12.
B. Pollution is a serious problem around the world, and much effort has been put into the fight against it. Do you think things will change significantly in the future Describe what the world will be like 20 years from now.
Possible answer
I predict that the world will be much cleaner and greener in 20 years. First, cars running on traditional fuels will be replaced by those powered by new energies, such as electricity or solar energy. As a result, the effect of greenhouse gases on the climate will be significantly reduced.
Second, almost all reading and writing will be done on computer and phone screens, so people will cut down fewer trees and use less paper. Third, new technologies will be invented to make sure that our daily activities do not have a negative impact on the environment.
run on 持续；连续不断；拖延
The meeting will finish promptly─I don't want it to run on.
会议必须马上结束----不要拖延。
run on sth
A.[无被动态] 以…为主题（或中心）；围绕
B. （使）运转，运行；操作
Our van runs on (= uses) diesel [ di zl].
我们的货车用的是柴油。