Unit 6 TV programmes GrammarA&B（条件状语从句）讲义
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| 名称 | Unit 6 TV programmes GrammarA&B（条件状语从句）讲义 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-08-17 07:44:44 | ||
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9AUnit6GrammarA&B（条件状语从句）
英语中按句子的结构可分三种：简单句 (simple sentence)；并列句 (compound sentence)和复合句 (complex sentence)。
◆简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
◆并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
◆复合句：主句+从句（含有一个或一个以上从句）。主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：宾语从句, 状语从句和定语从句。
今天，我们就来看看状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)。
状语是句子的重要修饰成分，一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心词进行修饰或限制，用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)。状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等九种状语从句。一般位于句首或者句末，位于句首，用逗号和主句隔开。
现在，我们一起来学习条件状语从句。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才发生。并且，切记紧跟着if或unless的那句话是从句。） 如：
①If anyone rings me, please tell them I'll be back in the office at 4 o'clock.
要是有人给我打电话，请告诉他们我四点回办公室。
②He can't see clearly unless he wears glasses.他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。
Grammar A---using if.(if引导的条件状语从句)
1、if 意为“如果；假如”，表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。if引导的条件状语从句可以位于主句之前或之后。如果从句在前，从句和主句间要用逗号隔开。
①﹡If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
②﹡If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去远足。
③﹡If hunters catch a giant panda, they will kill it for its fur.
= They will kill it for its fur if hunters catch a giant panda.
④﹡If people find baby pandas alone, they will take them away.
=They will take them away if people find baby pandas alone.
2、If引导的条件状语从句中，主句中的动词常用一般将来时，也可含有情态动词或是祈使句。从句均用一般现在时。[主将从现原则]
①﹡I'll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday.
如果你周五前完工，我付你双倍的报酬。
②﹡Don't miss the programme if you like music.如果你喜欢音乐，不要错过这个节目。
③﹡If it is fine tomorrow, we can go and fly the kite.如果明天天气好，我们可以去放风筝。
Grammar B---using unless.(unless引导的条件状语从句)
1、unless 意为“除非，如果不，若不，除非在……的时候”，相当于if … not（Unless=If… not）。在unless引导的条件状语从句中,主句中的动词常用一般将来时，也可含有情态动词或是祈使句。从句通常用一般现在时。 [主将从现原则]
①Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，否则比赛将照常进行。
=If it does not rain, the game will be played.如果天不下雨，比赛将照常进行。
=If it rains, the game will not be played.如果天下雨，比赛将不能照常进行。
②Don't touch the machine unless the teacher allows you to.
没有老师的允许，不要乱动机器。
③﹡Unless you try your best, you won’t realize your dream.
除非你尽力了，否则你将不会实现梦想。
④﹡You will be late unless you leave right now.你马上离开就不会迟到。
﹡You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.
=If you don’t start earlier, you will fail to arrive there in time.
如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。
﹡If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.
=Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
2、unless引导的条件状语从句可放在句首或句尾，放在句首时常用逗号与主句隔开。如：
Unless you work hard, you will fail.= You will fail unless you work hard.
条件状语从句小结：
1、引导词：常用if/unless，译作“假如，如果；除非”，表示“在某种条件下,会……”。
2、位置：可放在句首或句尾，放在句首时常用逗号与主句隔开。
3、时态：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则])，即遵循“主将从现”原则。
知识拓展：
一、if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种，上面所讲皆为真实条件句。
1.真实条件句：表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐。
2.非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实相反，不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:
If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.
如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。
If I were you, I would go with him.如果我是你,我会和他一起去的。
3.if 既可引导条件状语从句，也可引导宾语从句。引导条件状语从句时译为：“如果------”
，时态通常遵循“主将从现”原则。引导条件宾语从句时译为：“是否------”，时态要由主句的时态决定。如：
I wonder if (是否)you will come. If (如果)you come, I will give a good treat.
二、条件状语从句中谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。如：If it doesn't rain tomorrow ,we will go to the zoo.
If I had enough money , I would buy a car.如果我有足够的钱，我将买辆车。
三、当条件状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it 或there且谓语动词含be动词时，从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。例如：
Don’t speak until spoken to.( 省you are)
I have no money. If any, I will lend you some. ( 省there is)
If necessary, ring me up. (省 it is)
With her help, I could do the experiment better. (If I had her help)
巩固练习：
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. If you ________(feel) tired, you _______________ (have) to have a rest.
2. Where _______ he _________(see) the film if he ________________(have) time
3. If there __________(be) fewer trees, there _______________( be) more pollution.
4. He _____________(dress) more casually if he ________________( not work) on weekends.
5.If I _____(watch) the animals carefully, I ________ (get) enough information for my report.
6. Amy won’t go camping unless she ___________(invite).
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
( )1. I won't take part in Julie's birthday party _____ I am invited. (2012济宁)
A. unless B. after C. because D. if
( )2. If there is any change to the plan, I ___ you as soon as possible.
A. told B. have told C. tell D. will tell
( )3. －Mrs. Li, will you be angry _____ your students don’t obey the rules in class
－A little. But I will stop them in a friendly way. （2015三亚）
A. if B. unless C. though
( )4. There will be less pollution _____ more people use public transportation. （2015江西）
A. but B. though C. unless D. if
( )5. I think you should complain, _____, of course, you are happy with the situation.
A. unless B. however C. until D. though
( )6.--If you ___careful enough, you may hurt yourself. --Thanks. I will.
A.don’t B.aren’t C.don’t be D.won’t be
( )7.My father __________ me to the park if he ________ free next Sunday.
A.will take; is B.will take; will be C.takes; is D.takes; will be
( )8.--Do you want to go swimming this afternoon
--Yes, if the weather _________ warm.
A.will be B.would be C.was D.is
( )9.You’ll get worse __ you stay in bed for another day.
A.if B.because C.so D.unless
( )10. —Can students go online during lessons
—They can ________ it is for that lesson.
A. if B. or C. so D. but
( )11. There are fewer and fewer tigers in India. There will be no tigers left ________ humans stop hunting them for their fur and bones.
A. unless B. if C. because D. since
( )12. (2019·河池)We wonder if our parents will come to our graduating party next weekend. If they ________，we'll be very glad.
A. come B. comes C. are coming D. will come
( )13. (2019·达州)—Jeff, could you tell me if it ________ tomorrow If it ________ tomorrow, I will stay at home.
—It's reported that it will be sunny. Let's go camping on the Fenghuang mountain.
A. rain; rain B. rains; rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain
( )14. (2019·徐州)Helen was very rude to me. I refuse to speak to her again ____ she says sorry.
A. until B. if C. because D. since
( )15. (镇江)—Is your WeChat account(账户) safe
—Yes, even my father can't use it ________ I tell him the password.
A. when B. unless C. while D. if
英语中按句子的结构可分三种：简单句 (simple sentence)；并列句 (compound sentence)和复合句 (complex sentence)。
◆简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
◆并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
◆复合句：主句+从句（含有一个或一个以上从句）。主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：宾语从句, 状语从句和定语从句。
今天，我们就来看看状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)。
状语是句子的重要修饰成分，一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心词进行修饰或限制，用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)。状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等九种状语从句。一般位于句首或者句末，位于句首，用逗号和主句隔开。
现在，我们一起来学习条件状语从句。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才发生。并且，切记紧跟着if或unless的那句话是从句。） 如：
①If anyone rings me, please tell them I'll be back in the office at 4 o'clock.
要是有人给我打电话，请告诉他们我四点回办公室。
②He can't see clearly unless he wears glasses.他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。
Grammar A---using if.(if引导的条件状语从句)
1、if 意为“如果；假如”，表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。if引导的条件状语从句可以位于主句之前或之后。如果从句在前，从句和主句间要用逗号隔开。
①﹡If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
②﹡If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去远足。
③﹡If hunters catch a giant panda, they will kill it for its fur.
= They will kill it for its fur if hunters catch a giant panda.
④﹡If people find baby pandas alone, they will take them away.
=They will take them away if people find baby pandas alone.
2、If引导的条件状语从句中，主句中的动词常用一般将来时，也可含有情态动词或是祈使句。从句均用一般现在时。[主将从现原则]
①﹡I'll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday.
如果你周五前完工，我付你双倍的报酬。
②﹡Don't miss the programme if you like music.如果你喜欢音乐，不要错过这个节目。
③﹡If it is fine tomorrow, we can go and fly the kite.如果明天天气好，我们可以去放风筝。
Grammar B---using unless.(unless引导的条件状语从句)
1、unless 意为“除非，如果不，若不，除非在……的时候”，相当于if … not（Unless=If… not）。在unless引导的条件状语从句中,主句中的动词常用一般将来时，也可含有情态动词或是祈使句。从句通常用一般现在时。 [主将从现原则]
①Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，否则比赛将照常进行。
=If it does not rain, the game will be played.如果天不下雨，比赛将照常进行。
=If it rains, the game will not be played.如果天下雨，比赛将不能照常进行。
②Don't touch the machine unless the teacher allows you to.
没有老师的允许，不要乱动机器。
③﹡Unless you try your best, you won’t realize your dream.
除非你尽力了，否则你将不会实现梦想。
④﹡You will be late unless you leave right now.你马上离开就不会迟到。
﹡You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.
=If you don’t start earlier, you will fail to arrive there in time.
如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。
﹡If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.
=Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
2、unless引导的条件状语从句可放在句首或句尾，放在句首时常用逗号与主句隔开。如：
Unless you work hard, you will fail.= You will fail unless you work hard.
条件状语从句小结：
1、引导词：常用if/unless，译作“假如，如果；除非”，表示“在某种条件下,会……”。
2、位置：可放在句首或句尾，放在句首时常用逗号与主句隔开。
3、时态：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则])，即遵循“主将从现”原则。
知识拓展：
一、if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种，上面所讲皆为真实条件句。
1.真实条件句：表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐。
2.非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实相反，不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:
If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.
如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。
If I were you, I would go with him.如果我是你,我会和他一起去的。
3.if 既可引导条件状语从句，也可引导宾语从句。引导条件状语从句时译为：“如果------”
，时态通常遵循“主将从现”原则。引导条件宾语从句时译为：“是否------”，时态要由主句的时态决定。如：
I wonder if (是否)you will come. If (如果)you come, I will give a good treat.
二、条件状语从句中谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。如：If it doesn't rain tomorrow ,we will go to the zoo.
If I had enough money , I would buy a car.如果我有足够的钱，我将买辆车。
三、当条件状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it 或there且谓语动词含be动词时，从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。例如：
Don’t speak until spoken to.( 省you are)
I have no money. If any, I will lend you some. ( 省there is)
If necessary, ring me up. (省 it is)
With her help, I could do the experiment better. (If I had her help)
巩固练习：
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. If you ________(feel) tired, you _______________ (have) to have a rest.
2. Where _______ he _________(see) the film if he ________________(have) time
3. If there __________(be) fewer trees, there _______________( be) more pollution.
4. He _____________(dress) more casually if he ________________( not work) on weekends.
5.If I _____(watch) the animals carefully, I ________ (get) enough information for my report.
6. Amy won’t go camping unless she ___________(invite).
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
( )1. I won't take part in Julie's birthday party _____ I am invited. (2012济宁)
A. unless B. after C. because D. if
( )2. If there is any change to the plan, I ___ you as soon as possible.
A. told B. have told C. tell D. will tell
( )3. －Mrs. Li, will you be angry _____ your students don’t obey the rules in class
－A little. But I will stop them in a friendly way. （2015三亚）
A. if B. unless C. though
( )4. There will be less pollution _____ more people use public transportation. （2015江西）
A. but B. though C. unless D. if
( )5. I think you should complain, _____, of course, you are happy with the situation.
A. unless B. however C. until D. though
( )6.--If you ___careful enough, you may hurt yourself. --Thanks. I will.
A.don’t B.aren’t C.don’t be D.won’t be
( )7.My father __________ me to the park if he ________ free next Sunday.
A.will take; is B.will take; will be C.takes; is D.takes; will be
( )8.--Do you want to go swimming this afternoon
--Yes, if the weather _________ warm.
A.will be B.would be C.was D.is
( )9.You’ll get worse __ you stay in bed for another day.
A.if B.because C.so D.unless
( )10. —Can students go online during lessons
—They can ________ it is for that lesson.
A. if B. or C. so D. but
( )11. There are fewer and fewer tigers in India. There will be no tigers left ________ humans stop hunting them for their fur and bones.
A. unless B. if C. because D. since
( )12. (2019·河池)We wonder if our parents will come to our graduating party next weekend. If they ________，we'll be very glad.
A. come B. comes C. are coming D. will come
( )13. (2019·达州)—Jeff, could you tell me if it ________ tomorrow If it ________ tomorrow, I will stay at home.
—It's reported that it will be sunny. Let's go camping on the Fenghuang mountain.
A. rain; rain B. rains; rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain
( )14. (2019·徐州)Helen was very rude to me. I refuse to speak to her again ____ she says sorry.
A. until B. if C. because D. since
( )15. (镇江)—Is your WeChat account(账户) safe
—Yes, even my father can't use it ________ I tell him the password.
A. when B. unless C. while D. if