选择性必修 第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language (Build up your vocabulary)课(共28张PPT

(共28张PPT)
Part II
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
配套教材：人民教育出版社
普通高中教科书 选择性必修第二册
第一单元：科学与科学家
第二课时：词汇和短语
词块清单
severe
infection
subscribe
blame
handle
suspect
link
decrease
transform
thanks to
Click the words!
目录
severe adj.
U.K. /s v r/ U.S. /s v r/
1. weather very bad and very extreme
恶劣的，极端的(天气)
2. problems, injuries, illnesses, etc. very bad or very serious 严重的 (问题，伤痛，疾病)
3. NOT KIND or showing sympathy; not willing to accept other people’s mistakes or failures 严厉的；不和善的；苛刻的
4. punishment, criticism very strict or extreme
严厉的 (惩罚，批评)
5. very difficult and needing a lot of effort and skill
艰巨的，艰难的
课文原句：This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. 这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。
severe weather
severe injury
severe illness
severe punishment
There is expected to be a severe frost tonight.
今晚预计会出现严重的霜冻。
This is a school for children with severe learning difficulties.
这是一所为有严重学习障碍的孩子设立的学校。
In parts of Africa there is a severe food/water shortage.
非洲的一些地方存在严重的粮食/水资源短缺问题。
The headteacher spoke in a severe voice.
校长说话的口吻很严厉。
The president is facing severe criticism for his handling of the crisis. 总统因为处理危机不力正遭到严厉的批评。
回目录
awful/terrible/dreadful very bad (翻译灵活)
The movie is awful. 这部电影是个烂片。
Her house is in a terrible state.
她的房子破败不堪。
a dreadful crime 骇人听闻的罪行
horrible (意料之外，使人烦忧的) 糟糕
He describes prison as “a horrible place”.
他把监狱描述成一个可怕的地方。
It was a horrible experience.
这是一个糟糕的经历。
disgusting (闻起来，吃起来)糟糕，恶心
The fish smelled disgusting.
鱼肉闻上去发臭了。
severe (形势，身体状况等)糟糕，严峻
The country faces severe economic problems.
该国正面临严峻的经济问题。
He suffered severe head injuries in an accident.
他的头在一场事故中遭遇重伤。
近义辨析
infection n. [C or U]
/ n fek n/
word family
(noun) infection disinfectant (adjective) infectious infected (verb) infect disinfect
(adverb) infectiously
1. a disease that affects a particular part of your body and is caused by bacteria or a virus
（由细菌或病毒造成的身体部位的）感染 ★★★
2. an act of passing harmful programs or file into computers
感染（计算机病毒）
课文原句：Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
另一种看法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。
【知识拓展】
have/get/develop an infection
发生了感染，受到感染
= be exposed to an infection
spread/fight/treat an infection
传播/抗击/治疗感染
be infected with 感染上…… 疾病
an infection of/in …
……(疾病的)感染/
……(身体部位的)感染
infection adj.
U.K. /s v r/ U.S. /s v r/
① Her optimism seemed ________(infect) all those around her.
② The clinic was full of children___________(infect) with flu.
③ Medical workers _________(take) part in the program have gained valuable experience in handling ______ (infect) diseases, boosting the ________(efficient) of the entire medical system in future pandemic-control efforts.
回目录
Keys：
1. to infect 翻译：她的乐观情绪似乎感染了周围所有的人。
2. infected 翻译：诊所里挤满了得了流感的孩子。
3. taking, infectious, efficiency
翻译：参与该项目的医疗工作者获得了救治传染病的宝贵经验，同时这也为整个医疗系统在未来高效应对流行性疾病起到促进作用。
subscribe v.
/s b skra b/
1. to pay money to have copies of a newspaper, magazine or other service sent to you ★★★
定期订购；订阅
2. to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to help its work 定期交纳会费；赞助
3. to agree to buy or pay for shares 认购股份 ★★★
课文原句：Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. 斯诺同意第二种说法，这是正确的，但是他还需要证据。
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
你可以以每年低至32美元的价格订阅这份杂志。
2.3 million people subscribe to this online music service.
有230万人订购了这个在线音乐服务。
I subscribe ?10 a month to the charity.
我每个月向这个慈善团体捐助10欧元。
Existing shareholders subscribed to only 49 percent of the new share issue. 现有股东只认购了新股的49%。
How many shares did you subscribe for the new company
你在这家新公司认购了多少股？
subscriber n. 订阅者
subscription n. 订阅（费）
a subscriber to... ……的订阅者
subscribe for 预定；认购
subscribe a plan 赞同一个计划
subscribe the view/theory that... 赞同……的想法
subscribe v.
/s b skra b/
I learned a long time ago that if you subscribe and believe the good, you have to believe the bad. My measure is my heart and what I know.
—— Paul Walker
很久之前我就领悟到，如果你相信并呵护美好事物的存在，你也会发现坏事的发生。我做人的标尺就是：追随自己的心灵和头脑。 ——保罗·沃克
回目录
Today you can subscribe both online or offline.
一张股份认购单
suspect v. /s spekt/
word family
(noun) suspect suspicion
(adjective) suspect suspected
unsuspecting suspicious
(verb) suspect
(adverb) suspiciously
1. vt. to think or believe sth to be true or probable 怀疑，猜想，认为（某事有可能） ★★★★
2. vt. to think that sb has committed a crime or done sth wrong 怀疑……有罪，认为……有嫌疑★★★
3. vt. to not trust; to doubt
不信任；怀疑 ★
课文原句：Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
No one knows who killed her, but the police suspect her husband. 没有人知道谁杀了她，但是警方认为她丈夫有嫌疑。
We suspected his motives in making his offer.
我们对他提出这个建议的动机表示怀疑。
She suspected that there was something wrong with the visitor.
她觉得来访者身上有问题。
suspect 注意发音 / s spekt/
【名人名言】一颗高尚的心不会怀疑别人身上从未有过的小气和恶意。 ——让·拉辛
n. [C]
a person who the police or authorities think may be guilty of a crime 嫌疑犯，可疑分子
adj. possibly false or dangerous 不可靠的，不可信的，可疑的；危险的
Word Family
(noun) suspect suspicion
(adjective) suspect suspected
unsuspecting suspicious
(verb) suspect
(adverb) suspiciously
【知识拓展】
Not used in the progressive
不用于进行时态
(1) suspect (that) … 怀疑……
suspect sb/sth
怀疑某人/某事……
suspect sb of (doing) sth
怀疑某人做……
(2) highly suspect 高度怀疑的
(3) main/prime/chief suspect
主要嫌疑人/首要怀疑对象
suspect in/for …
……（案件）的嫌疑人
suspect v.
/s spekt/
I don’t really know how she got the job, but I suspect her mother’s got contacts.
我不知道她是怎么得到那份工作的，但是我怀疑她妈妈有内部关系。
Peter was suspected of giving away the company’s secrets to others.
皮特被怀疑将公司的机密泄露给了他人。
No one knows what caused the outbreak of COVID-19, but the convey of seafish is the main suspect.
没有人知道新型冠状肺炎疫情爆发的原因，但怀疑很可能是海鲜运输中造成的。
A suspect parcel was found at the station.
在车站发现了一个可疑包裹。
The engine sounded a bit suspect.
机器运转的声音听上去好像有问题。
回目录
blame
/ble m/
v. [T] to say or think that sb or sth did sth wrong or is responsible for sth bad happening ★★★★★
责备；责怪；归咎于
n. [U] 责备；怪罪；归咎
课文原句：Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
【名人名言】
一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。
——约翰·巴勒斯
Sam knew that if something went wrong, he’d get the blame (for the problem).
山姆明白，要是出了什么问题，他会成为被问责对象。
Hugh blames his mother for his lack of confidence.
= Hugh blames his lack of confidence on his mother.
休把自己缺乏自信心归咎于他的母亲。
If anything goes wrong, I’ll take the blame.
出了问题我负责。
The hot weather is partly to blame for the water shortage.
炎热的天气是缺水的原因之一。
Health officials put the blame on the disease on poor housing conditions.
卫生官员们将该疾病的爆发归咎于恶劣的住房条件。
blame
/ble m/
回目录
语法单项填空/选择
1. Some social app companies were __________ (blame) because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.
2. The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the lorry driver that should take the blame _______ it.
3. Many children are afraid of ________ (blame)
for making mistakes in speaking English.
4. I feel it is your husband who _______ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D. should blame
5. __________ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed
C. To blame D. To be blamed
Keys: 1. to blame 2. for 3. being blamed 4. A 5. B
handle n. [C]
/ h nd l/
a part of an object designed for holding, moving, or carrying the object easily ★★★★ 柄，把手
the handle on a suitcase
手提箱的提手
I can’t pick the kettle up — the handle’s too hot.
我没法拿起茶壶，壶柄太烫了。
课文原句：Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此，他拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
different kinds of handles
a door handle 门把手
1. to deal with, have responsibility for, or be in charge of
处理，应付，负责 ★★★★
2. to operate or control sth that could be necessary, difficult or dangerous
操作，控制（重要、困难或危险的事物） ★★★
非常严重的；剧烈的；惨重的
3. to pick something up and touch, hold, or move it with your hands
（用手）触摸，拿，搬动 ★★
4. If a car handles well, it is easy and pleasant to drive.
（汽车）开起来…… ★★
handle verb. [T]
/ h nd l/
【名人名言】和平不是一种远离冲突的状态，而是一种用妥善手段解决危机的能力。 ——罗纳德·里根
handle a car
handle machines
Keys:
① The man gave me a knife with a carved wooden handle.
② Computers can handle huge amounts of data.
③ Benjamin was charged with handling stolen goods.
④ 有几种方法可以处理这些事情。
⑤ 大多数顾客都对自己投诉的解决方式感到满意。
【英汉互译】
① 那人给了我一把有雕刻木柄的刀。
② 电脑可以处理大量的数据。
③ 本杰明被控告交易赃物。
④ There are several ways to handle things.
⑤ Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were handled.
handle n. [C] / v. [T]
/ h nd l/
回目录
link noun [C] /l k/
1. a connection between two people, things, or ideas
联系，关联；关系 ★★★★
2. a connection between documents on the internet
（因特网上的）链接 ★★★
3. one of the rings in a chain
环，环节，圈 ★★★
课文原句：Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
斯诺后来证明了，其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同自来水公司之间存在联系。
link between the close link between teacher and student
link with The company has strong links with big investors.
forge/establish links
Organizers of the project hope that international links will be forged.
【知识拓展】
link sth/sb to/with sth
link sb/sth together
link sth and sth
link up (with) 连接；结合
link...with/to... 把……与……连接；联系
The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.
这些爆炸案之间没有任何联系。
The use of CFCs has been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer. 据认为臭氧层的减少与含氯氟烃的使用有关。
Strong family ties still linked them together.
牢固的家庭纽带将他们连接在了一起。
He walked with her, linking arms.
他和她走在一起，手挽着手。
He denied reports linking him to Colombian drug dealers.
他否认了那些把他和哥伦比亚的毒贩联系在一起的报告文件。
Local terminals are linked to the central computer.
本地的终端设备连接着主机。
How can I find out who has linked to my blog
我怎么才能找到是谁链接上了我的博客？
link v. [T] /l k/
to make a connection between two or more people, things, or ideas
使联系；使相关联 ★★★★
link n. [C] /l k/
【名人名言】在每一种可能的生活方式中，家庭都是链接过去的纽带，通向未来的桥梁。
——亚历克斯·哈利
KEYS (1) between (2) linked (3) up
(1) The link ______ what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.
(2) Experts say hydrogen technology can reduce ______ (link) to global industrial gases warming.
(3) The Internet allows people from all over the world to link
______ for chat sessions.
回目录
decrease /d kri s/
verb [ I or T ] to become less, or to make something become less (使)减少；(使)下降；(使)降低 ★★★★
noun [ C or U ]★★★★
a reduction 减少；下降；降低
课文原句：… and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 全世界霍乱的威胁大幅下降。
（及物动词）They want to decrease their reliance on oil.
他们想降低对石油的依赖。
（不及物动词）Attacks of asthma decrease in frequency through early adult life. 成年早期，哮喘的发病频率会降低。
辨析
1. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
房屋均价去年下滑了13%。
2. By 1881, the population of Ireland had decreased to 5.2 million.
截至1881年，爱尔兰的人口已经下降到了520万。
3. Since 1945 air forces have decreased in size.
1945年以来，空军的规模已经缩小。
4. The North’s share of the world’s energy consumption is expected to decrease from 70% to 60%.
北方发达国家所占的世界能源消耗比例有望从70%下降到60%。
noun [ C or U ]
on the decrease 在减少
The number of students going abroad for further study is on the decrease nowadays.
当下去国外继续深造的学生数量在不断减少。
a decrease in/to/by... ……的减少
... a decrease in the number of young people out of work.
……年轻人口失业数量的减少。
decrease /d kri s/
(接上页释义、例句)
回目录
【名人名言】欲求不是一天天的增加而是要一天天的减少，减去那些不必要的东西。 ——李小龙
transform v. [T]
/tr ns f m/
to change completely the appearance or character of sth or sb, especially so that that thing or person is improved 使彻底改观；使大变样 ★★★★
课文原句：Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 此外，通过使用地图和统计学，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
form
(n. & v.)
transformation
(n.)
formation
(n.)
reform
(n. & v.)
reformer
(n.)
reformist
(adj.)
reformed
(adj.)
formless
(adj.)
formlessly
(adv.)
formlessness
(adj.)
transform
(v.)
transformer
(n.)
transformer
transform
【名人名言】不要浪费时间敲一堵墙,你无法使它变成一扇门。
可可·香奈儿
回目录
【练习】填入正确的词汇表达或句子对应翻译
① She was transformed ______ a common-looking girl ____ a pretty young woman.
② In the past twenty years the country _________ (transform) into an advanced industrial power.
③ (英译汉)The high-speed rail link is transforming the area.
④ (汉译英)他告诉她，自己是如何被一个邪恶的女巫变成了一只青蛙。
KEYS
① from, into
② has been transformed
③ 加入高速铁路交通圈后这一区域的面貌正在发生变化。
④ He told her how he had been bewitched by a wicked witch, and was transformed into a frog.
transform v. [T]
/tr ns f m/
transform ... into ...
使……变成……
transform ... from ... into...
把……从……变成……
thanks to
1. 感谢；感激；谢意
2. 幸亏；由于；因为
课文原句：Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
【辨析】
表示“因为；由于”的短语
thanks to
because of
due to
on account of
owing to
词组 含义区别 正式性 语法区别
thanks to “由于……”，普通用语，强调结果 口语 在句中作状语和表语，引导的介词短语可置于句首或句末
because of 由于，因为 (某人或某事)， 多用于表达感谢；有时可作反语 口语 构成的短语在句子中通常作状语，一般不作表语用； 后面可接名词、代词、分词或what引导的名词性从句等
due to “由于， 因……造成”，强调造成后果的原因 比较 正式 在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时， 一般不与其他成分隔开
on account of 因为 正式 常接名词，与because of，owing to同义，可作状语、表语，不作定语
owing to 由于，因为 正式；书面 在句中作状语，修饰整个句子, 习惯上用逗号和句子其他部分分开；也可作表语
使用合适的连接短语补充句子并翻译。
1. He is likely to miss the US Open ______ his back injury.
2. Your failure is ______ carelessness.
3. He could not come ______ his illness.
4. The play succeeded ______ your timely help.
5. His death was ______ an accident.
KEYS:
1. because of 他因为背部有伤可能缺席美国公开赛。
2. due to 你的失败是由于疏忽。
3. on account of 他因病不能前来。
4. thanks to 由于你的及时帮助，那出戏才成功。
5. owing to 他死于一场事故。
thanks to
1. 感谢；感激；谢意
2. 幸亏；由于；因为
thanks to
because of
due to
on account of
owing to
词块 释义 词块 释义
once and for all 最终地；彻底地 microscope n. 显微镜
contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 thinking n. 思想；思考；思维；想法；见解
proof n. 证据；证明；检验 　　　　 protein n. 蛋白质
multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房
pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 virus n. 病毒
intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉 finding n. 发现；调查结果；（法律）判决
raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的
pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的
n. 固体
substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 framework n. 框架；结构
statistic n. [pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
词块积累
Thanks for Your Consideration!