九年级中考人教版英语一轮复习八年级上册Unit3--4知识点总结（含答案）

八年级上册Unit3--4知识点总结
词汇
both adj.&pron. 两个；两个都
both后的谓语动词通常用复数形式
Both women are French.
Both Ben and Tom like playing the piano.
both可置于句首；也可置于句中。置于句中时放在be动词之后，实义动词之前
They are both actors.
The girls both join the music club.
常用短语：both... and..., both of ...
Both Tina and Tara have long hair.
Both of them handed in their homework on time.
win v. 获胜；赢；赢得 （过去式：won）
意义 区别
win 获胜 后接名次、奖品或比赛等
beat 打败，战胜 宾语是人或团体
defeat 强调在战场上打败敌人
Our class won the football game.
Our class beat the other football teams.
They finally defeated their enemy.
though adv. 不过；可是；然而
conj. 虽然；尽管；
〖注意〗though作连词时，用法与although相似，不与but和however连用
You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.
Though/Although he got up early, he didn’t catch the first bus.
laugh v. 笑；发笑
n. 笑声
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
Don’t laugh at others.
His laugh is impressive.
serious adj. 严肃的；稳重的 （adv. seriously）
be serious about ... 对.....认真
take...seriously 认真对待......
He is serious about his career.
She took his advice seriously.
reach v. 伸手；达到；抵达
The baby reached out her hands to touch her mother.
Some students failed to reach their goals.
They reached Beijing last night.
〖拓展〗表示到达某地的短语还有：arrive at/in+地点，get to+地点
break v. （使）破；裂；碎；损坏（过去式：broke 过去分词：broken）
break out （指战争、疾病等）爆发
Before the war broke out, they had escaped to America.
break in 强行进入
A thief broke in our house when we weren’t at home yesterday.
break down 出故障，坏掉
My car broke down on the my way home.
share v. 分享；共享
share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物
I often share my secrets with my best friend.
〖拓展〗shared bikes共享单车
information n. 信息；消息（不可数名词）
a piece of information 一则消息
get information about... 得到关于.....的消息
Nowadays we can get all kinds of information on the Internet.
close adj./adv. （在空间、时间上）接近
v. 关闭
It’s the closest bank we can find.
Don’t come too close.
Please close your eyes.
〖辨析〗close 和closely的区别
close: 作副词时，指时间、空间上接近，侧重距离的近
closely: 意为“紧密地，密切地”，表达的是一种抽象的意义
The little girl stood close to her mother.
These two events are closely connected.
pretty adj. 漂亮的；
adv. 相当；十分；很
I happened to meet a pretty boy at the crossing just now.
Your sweater is pretty nice.
短语
care about 关心；在意
care for 照顾、照料；喜欢
take care of sb. 照顾某人
He doesn’t care about the accident.
All of us care for the film.
She has to take care of her younger brother after school.
as long as 只要（引导条件状语从句）
As long as you stick to your dream, you will make it come true.
be different from 与......不同
the same as 和......相同
She is different from my other friends.
I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different..
in fact 事实上；确切地说；实际上
In fact, she is the most interesting person I know.
I used to live in Nanjing; in fact, not far from where you’re going to.
be similar to 与......相似
Your new camera is similar to mine.
My living habits are similar to that of most other people.
have... in common 有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同
have nothing in common 没有共同之处
have much/many things in common 有许多共同之处
These two pictures have nothing in common.
My brothers have much in common.
all kinds of 各种各样的......（后可接可数名词的复数或不可数名词）
You can find all kinds of novels in the bookstore.
He likes eating all kinds of bread.
〖拓展〗
different kinds of+可数名词的复数或不可数名词，意为“不同种类的......”
a kind of+可数名词的单数，意为“一种......”
kind of+adj.，意为“有点儿......”
The musician love different kinds of music.
I had a kind of feeling this might happen.
Lions are kind of scaring.
be up to sb. 是某人的职责；由某人决定
常用句型为：It’s up to sb. to do sth. 意为“由某人决定做某事”
When to leave is up to your mother.
It’s up to you to decide who is the best singer.
play a role in sth./doing sth. 在......方面发挥作用；对......有影响
在role之前可加形容词修饰，如：important, essential, active等
People who watch the show play a role in deciding the winner.
He plays an important role in science.
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
make sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物......
She is so funny that she often makes people laugh.
Listening to music makes me happy.
make up 编造（故事、谎言等）；构成，组成；化妆
He made up a lie to cheat his parents.
She makes herself up before she goes to work every morning.
We need one more person to make up a team.
语法
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
构成 原级 比较级 最高级
一般在词尾加-er, -est smart fast smarter faster smartest fastest
以e结尾只加-r, -st nice nicer nicest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er, -est happy early happier earlier happiest earliest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后，再加-er, -est thin thinner thinnest
部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more, most important slowly more important more slowly most important most slowly
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
many, much more most
little less least
bad, ill worse worst
far farther（只指距离） farthest（只指距离）
further（指距离也只程度） furthest（指距离也只程度）
old older（指年龄、新旧、血缘） oldest（指年龄、新旧、血缘）
elder（只指血缘） eldest（只指血缘）
比较级的用法
比较级+than
Jenny has more books than Jimmy does.
He danced better than me.
比较级+and+比较级
It’s getting hotter and hotter.
He drove more and more carefully.
the+比较级..., the +比较级
The more you eat, the heavier you will be.
The harder you practice, the better you’ll learn.
the+比较级（+of the two）
Eg: The larger of the two houses belongs to Miss White.
more than（多于）, not more than（不比.....多）, less than（少于）, not less than（不少于......）, less+形容词+than（不如......）
Eg: I think dogs are less cute than cats.
More than 500 students will attend the meeting.
使用比较级常见错误
比较的范围或对象出错
The length of Nile is longer than Yangtze River. (×)
The length of Nile is longer than that of Yangtze River. (√)
China is lager than any country in Asia. (×)
China is lager than any other country in Asia. (√)
China is lager than any country in Africa. (√)
“not+比较级+than”与“no+比较级+than”表达的意义完全不同。前者常常表示“一方不如另一方”，后者表示“双方都不......”
My Spanish is not better than you. 我的西班牙语不如你好。
My Spanish is no better than you. 我的西班牙语和你一样差。
比较级的修饰语: much, far, by far, still, even, no, any, a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, rather, twice, two thirds等
Your father looks even younger than before.
Your apple is twice bigger than mine.
最高级的用法
the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的词组或从句
Her bike is the newest one in the neighborhood.
Frozen is the most interesting movie of the three ones.
one of the + 形容词最高级+课时数名词复数形式+表示范围的词组或从句
China is one of the largest countries in the world.
比较级形式表达最高级含义
Mr. Black is very glad because the clothes made in his factory have never been more popular.
She is taller than any other girl in her class.
=She is taller than the other girls in her class.
=She is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.
单项选择
1. Although my homework is______hers. I didn’t copy hers.
A. different from B. similar to C. good for D. not the same as
2. I think__can pass the math exam. Because it’s quite easy.
A. everybody B. somebody C. nobody
3. I feel _______ better now.
A. quite B. more C. much D.very
4.-There is only one bottle of water. I think you two have to__.
-We don't care about it.
A. get B. arrive C. share D. try
5. -Which of these three books will you buy
-I'll buy_of them. Because they are very interesting.
neither B. either C. all D. both
6.-May I borrow your bike, Sam
-_______. But you have to return it this afternoon.
A. No problem B. I'm sorry C. I hope not D. I'm not sure
7. Tara plays a ______ in this event.
A. rule B. role C. game D. rush
8. I really enjoyed your speech,___ there were some parts I didn't quite understand.
A. because B.for C.until D. though
9. I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much______on the Internet.
A. game B. information C. idea D. message
10. Weather has become______on the earth in recent years.
A. more and more hot B. hotter and hotter
C. more hot and more hot D. hotter and more hotter
参考答案：
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