2024届高考英语语法专项训练——定语从句（含答案）
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【2024一轮复习】语法专项——定语从句
真题链接
Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says it in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. (2023全国甲卷)
“There was once a town in the heart of America, ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins ... (2023全国甲卷)
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, ... (2023全国乙卷)
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022新高考I卷)
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. (2022全国甲卷)
I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. (2021新高考II卷)
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. (2021浙江卷)
When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. (2021北京卷)
William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. (2021天津卷)
At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. (2021天津卷)
Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020全国I卷)
In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. (2020全国III卷)
Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free. (2020江苏卷)
Dr. Rowan, ________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (2020天津卷)
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, ________ was surrounded by a high wire fence. (2020浙江卷)
The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759. (2020新高考卷)
Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les. (2019新课标II卷)
They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019新课标III卷)
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark. (2019浙江卷)
The students benefiting most from college are those ________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. (2019北京卷)
We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true. (2019江苏卷)
Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (2019天津卷)
She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit. (2018北京卷)
Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. (2018天津卷)
Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. (2018江苏卷)
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全国I卷)
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2018全国II卷)
Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江卷)
But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. (2017全国III卷)
In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (2017江苏卷)
The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. (2017北京卷)
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
Written Chinese has also become an important means by ________ China’s present is connected with its past.
To attract visitors to the coaster, the park has just released (发布) new photos and videos online, ________ show what the coaster will be like from the perspective (视角) of person riding.
After running a restaurant for several years, he retired at the age of 65 and received his first social security check, ________ was for $105, as his only income.
The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the person ________ removed the huge rock from the road.
Many farms also use chemicals ________ will kill insects in order to protect their plants.
In mid-September, ________ their seedless white grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes to be transported to other parts of the country.
In 2006, its average weekly circulation was reported to be 1.5 million copies, half of ________ were sold in the United States.
In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down, ________ is the result of the competition with online bookstores.
For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of ________ were set up by local doctors.
He was also the one ________ founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959.
Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads will be built and the Metro system will be expanded, ________ can reduce traffic jams.
The majority of the ads were also promoting extra-curricular education institutions, ________ have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.
He had skin cancer, ________ made him ready to give up.
There are certain dates throughout the year ________ the entire country takes a vacation at the same time.
Analysts in China say there are three factors ________ contribute to the sudden increase of bikes.
Life is like an onion, ________ sometimes makes you weep when you try opening it.
In the fast moving information age, teenagers should keep pace with the media environment ________ they communicate with the outside world.
Officials of our city are considering a law ________ would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals.
The result was not the same as they had expected, ________ was rather disappointing.
The school library is a resource ________ you can take advantage to make progress.
This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of.
Whether you like it or not, we live in a community ________ online chatting is an important part of communication.
Each graduate standing on the playground, ________ was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
The mother thanked the young man again and again, without ________ help her son would have been killed by the passing car.
My grandmother lived in a generation ________ women were looked down upon.
— How do you understand life
— It is a constant match ________ the greatest opponent is yourself.
The children, all of ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
Our grandma, ________ we called “Nanny”, would always bake bread a day ahead.
Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of ________ was very reasonable.
In their class there are altogether 54 students, half of ________ wear glasses.
There are many good websites ________ you can check out the latest news in the science world.
After graduation she reached a point in her life ________ she had to decide what to do.
They talked about the things and people ________ they met during the trip.
It was in the small house ________ was built with stones that he spent his childhood.
If you want to learn the piano well, all _______ you have to do is to practice every day with correct methods.
I have been reading Commonwealth by Ann Patchett recently. I think it is the most interesting book ________ I have ever read.
The train ran over to a boy and his dog ________ were just crossing the track.
The reason ________ he failed is that he relied on others too much.
In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations ________ would bring about positive emotions.
Gone are the days ________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.
Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空
There was a time 1. ________ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2. ________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3. ________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4. ________ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face to face, from 5. ________ I gained some useful instructions. He also introduced a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. ________ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7. ________ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8. ________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9. ________ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10. ________ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will master English sooner or later.”
参考答案
真题链接
as 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”之意，应用关系代词as引导。故填as。
where 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和谐共生，”她的寓言是这样开头的……。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为town，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词为a place，应用指代物的关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词“species”指物且由all修饰。故填that。补充：定语从句中，当先行词指物，且被all, every, the very, the only, the just等修饰时，引导词用that，不用which。
who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cao Shengkang，指人。故填who。
that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
that /which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tool，定语从句中缺少主语，且指物。故填that/which。
that 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词everything。故填that。
from which 句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词past mistakes；再结合learn from sth这一用法可知，空处应填from which，表示从错误中学习。
where /at which 分析句子结构可知，先行词是stands，空处引导的定语从句修饰该先行词。定语从句中缺少地点状语。故填where/at which。
where 分析句子结构可知，本句中a spot是先行词，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用关系副词引导该从句。故填where。
whose 分析句子结构可知，本句中先行词是an artist，空处引导定语从句，修饰该先行词。定语从句中的主语缺少限定词，表示所属，应用关系代词whose，指代该画家的绘画作品。故填whose。
which 分析句子结构可知，本句中先行词是Many lessons，空处引导定语从句，修饰该先行词。关系词在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，且指物。故填which。
whose 分析句子结构可知，本句中先行词是Dr. Rowan，空处引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，主语缺少限定词，指“某人的”。故填whose。
which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词our camp。从句中缺少主语，且指物。故填which。
which/that 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the British Museum。定语从句中缺少主语，指物。故填which/that。
which 分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，空处引导非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句中谓语opened缺少宾语，因此应用which引导。故填which。
who/that 句意：它们被他们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。分析句子结构可知，先行词为masters（主人），空处引导限制性定语从句。从句缺主语，指人。故填who/that。
that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a piece of cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
who 句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those；空处在从句中作主语，指人。故填who。
when 句意：我们已经进入了一个最可能实现梦想的年代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an age；定语从句缺少时间状语。故填when。
where 句意：他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stage。当先行词是表示地点含义的抽象名词stage时，关系词用where，在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
which 句意：她和家人都骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整句话。故填which。
whose 句意：凯特去澳大利亚工作了。上大学期间我和她妹妹住同一个房间。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Kate，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示“谁的”。故填whose。
where/in which 句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处于同一条起跑线上的领域。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词an area。将先行词代入定语从句后为“China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line in the area.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where/in which。
that/which 句意：该评论的两位作者2014年也发表了一项研究，该研究显示每天仅跑步5—10分钟就可以降低心脏病及各种原因导致的早亡的风险。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a study，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语。故填that或which。
that/which句意：2005年政府开始了一个土壤测试项目，给农民推荐特定的化肥。中国农业部发现在2005年至2011年间，化肥的使用量减少了770万吨。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行a soil-testing program，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语。故填关系代词that或which。
who/ that 句意：许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭有多便宜，就会比在自己国家做饭少得多。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Many westerners，且在从句中作主语。故填who或that。
who 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Sarah，指人，从句中缺主语。故填who。
whose 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the World Food Programme。purposes与the World Food Programme存在“所属”关系，此处指“世界粮食计划署的目的之一”，且空处在句中作定语。故填whose。
that /which 句意：在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The little problems，且从句缺少宾语。故填that /which。
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
which 句意：书面汉语也成了一种重要的手段，通过它，中国的现在与过去被连接了起来。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为means，将先行词代入定语从句后为“China’s present is connected with its past by this important means.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作介词by的宾语，介词by被提前。故填which。
which 句意：为了吸引游客去坐过山车，公园刚刚在网上发布了新照片和视频，这些照片和视频从乘车人的视角展示了过山车会是什么样子。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为new photos and videos online，将先行词代入定语从句后为“New photos and videos online show what the coaster will be like from the perspective of person riding.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
which 句意：经营了几年餐馆后，他在65岁时退休了，第一次领到了105美元的社保金，这是他唯一的收入。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为social security check，将先行词代入定语从句后为“The social security check was for $105.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
who/that 句意：钱包里有许多金币和一张国王的便条，上面写着这些金子是给搬走路上巨石的人的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the person，将先行词代入定语从句后为“The person removed the huge rock from the road.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人。故填who或that。
which/that 句意：为了保护他们的植物，许多农场也使用可杀死昆虫的化学制品。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为chemicals，将先行词代入定语从句后为“Chemicals will kill insects.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which或that。
when 句意：9月中旬，当无籽白葡萄成熟时，当地农民忙着采摘葡萄，准备运往全国各地。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为mid-September，将先行词代入定语从句后为“Their seedless white grapes ripen in mid-September.”。由此可知，关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
which 句意：据报道，2006年，它每周平均发行150万份，其中一半在美国销售。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1.5 million copies，将先行词代入定语从句后为“Half of the 1.5 million copies were sold in the United States.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，介词of被提前，且关系词指物。故填which。
which 句意：在过去的几年中，中国半数以上的实体书店都倒闭了，这是与网上书店竞争的结果。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的整个句子。故填which。
which 句意：比如，在秘鲁首都利马，有超过50家中医诊所，其中大约70%是由当地医生创办的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，指物。故填关系代词which。
who/that 句意：1959年，他还在香港创办了一份日报——《明报》。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the one，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。
which 句意：同时，随着建设的继续，更多的公路将被建成，地铁网络将被延伸，这可能会减少交通堵塞。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的整个句子，并在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
which 句意：大部分广告也都是宣传课外辅导机构。这些课外辅导机构因给学生们施加了额外的学习压力一直受到指责。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为extra-curricular education institutions，将先行词代入定语从句后为“The extra-curricular education institutions have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
which 句意：他得了皮肤癌，这使他准备放弃。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的一整句话，并在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
when/on which 句意：在一年中有特定的几个日期整个国家同时度假。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为certain dates，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when/on which。
that 句意：中国的分析家说有3种因素导致自行车数量的突然增多。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句。宾语从句是there be句型且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that不用which。故填that。
which 句意：生活就像一个洋葱，当你尝试着剥开它时，它有时候会让你流泪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an onion，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
where/in which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the media environment，定语从句中缺少地点状语。故填where/in which。
that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a law；关系词指物，且在从句中充当主语。故填that或which。
which 句意：结果与他们当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代空前的整句内容并在从句中作主语。故填which。
of which 此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。take advantage of表示“利用”，根据该搭配可知，空处应填of which。
that/which 句意：这家餐馆有一种诱人的、如家一般的氛围，这是很多其他餐馆所没有的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an inviting, homelike atmosphere。关系词指物并在从句中作宾语。故填that或which。
where 句意：不管你是否喜欢，在我们生活的这个社会，网上聊天是人际交流的一个重要部分。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a community，并在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
who 句意：每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发文凭。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Each graduate，并在从句中作主语，指人。故填who。
whose 句意：这位母亲一次又一次地感谢这个年轻人，如果没有他的帮助，她的儿子就被过往的汽车撞死了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词help，表示“谁的”。故填whose。
when 句意：我的祖母生活在一个妇女被看不起的时代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词generation，关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
where/in which 句意：——你如何理解生活？——它是一场没有尽头的比赛，在这个比赛中最大的对手是你自己。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a constant match，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语。故填where/in which。
whom 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为The children。将先行词代入定语从句后为“All of the children had played the whole day long.”。由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语，指人。故填whom。
whom/who 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Our grandma，关系词在从句中作动词called的宾语。故填whom或who。
which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient vase。把先行词带入定语从句为“The price of the ancient vase was very reasonable.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语，指物。故填which。
whom 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故填whom。
where/on which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词websites，将先行词代入定语从句后为“You can check out the latest news in the science world on many good websites.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where/on which。
where/at which 句意：毕业之后，她到了人生中不得不决定做什么的地步。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a point。case和point等抽象地点名词作先行词，并且从句中缺少状语时，常用where引导定语从句，也可用at which。故填where/at which。
that 句意：他们谈论着在旅行中遇到的事情和人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the things and people；先行词既有人又有物，且定语从句中缺少宾语。故填that。
which 句意：他在这个用石头建立的小屋子里度过了他的童年时光。由句子结构看出这是一个含有定语从句的强调句，先行词是the small house，“________ was built with stones”为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中充当主语。故填which。
that/不填 分析句子结构可知，“_______ you have to do”为定语从句，修饰先行词all。当先行词是all时，关系词只能用that。另外，关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
that/不填 分析句子结构可知，“_______ I have ever read”为定语从句，修饰先行词book。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，关系词只能用that。另外，关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
that 分析句子结构可知，“________ were just crossing the track”为定语从句，修饰先行词a boy and his dog，当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that。
why/for which 分析句子结构可知，“________ he failed”为定语从句，修饰先行词reason，当先行词为reason时，关系词用why或者for which。
which/that 分析句子结构可知，“________ would bring about positive emotions”是定语从句，修饰先行词situations（指物），关系词在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
when 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词days。关系词在定语从句中作状语。故填when。
II. 语篇语法填空
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加英语俱乐部训练的难忘经历。
when 句意：有一段时间，我厌烦学英语并且不喜欢说英语。There was a time when ...有一段时间……。
why 分析句子结构可知，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语。当先行词是reason时，关系词用why。
where 先行词是the club，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
whose 先行词是my guide，代入定语从句后为“My guide’s teacher was Yu Minhong.”。由此可见，关系词与teacher之间是所属关系，故用whose引导。
which 先行词是前面的主句，关系词在定语从句中作from的宾语，且介词from提前，故填which。
that/which 先行词是activities，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或which引导。
who 先行词是my father and the guide，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，且指人，所以用who引导。
which 先行词是English，关系词在定语从句中作介词into的宾语，且介词into已被提前，故填which。
which 句意：入睡前我回忆那些文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量的生词。先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作介词through的宾语，且介词已被提前，故用which引导。
As 句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会掌握英语。”非限制性定语从句置于句首时，需用as引导。
真题链接
Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says it in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. (2023全国甲卷)
“There was once a town in the heart of America, ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins ... (2023全国甲卷)
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, ... (2023全国乙卷)
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022新高考I卷)
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. (2022全国甲卷)
I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. (2021新高考II卷)
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. (2021浙江卷)
When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. (2021北京卷)
William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. (2021天津卷)
At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. (2021天津卷)
Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020全国I卷)
In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. (2020全国III卷)
Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free. (2020江苏卷)
Dr. Rowan, ________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (2020天津卷)
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, ________ was surrounded by a high wire fence. (2020浙江卷)
The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759. (2020新高考卷)
Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les. (2019新课标II卷)
They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019新课标III卷)
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark. (2019浙江卷)
The students benefiting most from college are those ________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. (2019北京卷)
We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true. (2019江苏卷)
Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (2019天津卷)
She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit. (2018北京卷)
Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. (2018天津卷)
Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. (2018江苏卷)
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全国I卷)
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2018全国II卷)
Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江卷)
But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. (2017全国III卷)
In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (2017江苏卷)
The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. (2017北京卷)
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
Written Chinese has also become an important means by ________ China’s present is connected with its past.
To attract visitors to the coaster, the park has just released (发布) new photos and videos online, ________ show what the coaster will be like from the perspective (视角) of person riding.
After running a restaurant for several years, he retired at the age of 65 and received his first social security check, ________ was for $105, as his only income.
The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the person ________ removed the huge rock from the road.
Many farms also use chemicals ________ will kill insects in order to protect their plants.
In mid-September, ________ their seedless white grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes to be transported to other parts of the country.
In 2006, its average weekly circulation was reported to be 1.5 million copies, half of ________ were sold in the United States.
In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down, ________ is the result of the competition with online bookstores.
For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of ________ were set up by local doctors.
He was also the one ________ founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959.
Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads will be built and the Metro system will be expanded, ________ can reduce traffic jams.
The majority of the ads were also promoting extra-curricular education institutions, ________ have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.
He had skin cancer, ________ made him ready to give up.
There are certain dates throughout the year ________ the entire country takes a vacation at the same time.
Analysts in China say there are three factors ________ contribute to the sudden increase of bikes.
Life is like an onion, ________ sometimes makes you weep when you try opening it.
In the fast moving information age, teenagers should keep pace with the media environment ________ they communicate with the outside world.
Officials of our city are considering a law ________ would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals.
The result was not the same as they had expected, ________ was rather disappointing.
The school library is a resource ________ you can take advantage to make progress.
This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of.
Whether you like it or not, we live in a community ________ online chatting is an important part of communication.
Each graduate standing on the playground, ________ was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
The mother thanked the young man again and again, without ________ help her son would have been killed by the passing car.
My grandmother lived in a generation ________ women were looked down upon.
— How do you understand life
— It is a constant match ________ the greatest opponent is yourself.
The children, all of ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
Our grandma, ________ we called “Nanny”, would always bake bread a day ahead.
Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of ________ was very reasonable.
In their class there are altogether 54 students, half of ________ wear glasses.
There are many good websites ________ you can check out the latest news in the science world.
After graduation she reached a point in her life ________ she had to decide what to do.
They talked about the things and people ________ they met during the trip.
It was in the small house ________ was built with stones that he spent his childhood.
If you want to learn the piano well, all _______ you have to do is to practice every day with correct methods.
I have been reading Commonwealth by Ann Patchett recently. I think it is the most interesting book ________ I have ever read.
The train ran over to a boy and his dog ________ were just crossing the track.
The reason ________ he failed is that he relied on others too much.
In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations ________ would bring about positive emotions.
Gone are the days ________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.
Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空
There was a time 1. ________ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2. ________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3. ________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4. ________ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face to face, from 5. ________ I gained some useful instructions. He also introduced a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. ________ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7. ________ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8. ________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9. ________ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10. ________ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will master English sooner or later.”
参考答案
真题链接
as 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”之意，应用关系代词as引导。故填as。
where 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和谐共生，”她的寓言是这样开头的……。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为town，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词为a place，应用指代物的关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词“species”指物且由all修饰。故填that。补充：定语从句中，当先行词指物，且被all, every, the very, the only, the just等修饰时，引导词用that，不用which。
who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cao Shengkang，指人。故填who。
that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
that /which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tool，定语从句中缺少主语，且指物。故填that/which。
that 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词everything。故填that。
from which 句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词past mistakes；再结合learn from sth这一用法可知，空处应填from which，表示从错误中学习。
where /at which 分析句子结构可知，先行词是stands，空处引导的定语从句修饰该先行词。定语从句中缺少地点状语。故填where/at which。
where 分析句子结构可知，本句中a spot是先行词，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用关系副词引导该从句。故填where。
whose 分析句子结构可知，本句中先行词是an artist，空处引导定语从句，修饰该先行词。定语从句中的主语缺少限定词，表示所属，应用关系代词whose，指代该画家的绘画作品。故填whose。
which 分析句子结构可知，本句中先行词是Many lessons，空处引导定语从句，修饰该先行词。关系词在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，且指物。故填which。
whose 分析句子结构可知，本句中先行词是Dr. Rowan，空处引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，主语缺少限定词，指“某人的”。故填whose。
which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词our camp。从句中缺少主语，且指物。故填which。
which/that 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the British Museum。定语从句中缺少主语，指物。故填which/that。
which 分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，空处引导非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句中谓语opened缺少宾语，因此应用which引导。故填which。
who/that 句意：它们被他们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。分析句子结构可知，先行词为masters（主人），空处引导限制性定语从句。从句缺主语，指人。故填who/that。
that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a piece of cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
who 句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those；空处在从句中作主语，指人。故填who。
when 句意：我们已经进入了一个最可能实现梦想的年代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an age；定语从句缺少时间状语。故填when。
where 句意：他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stage。当先行词是表示地点含义的抽象名词stage时，关系词用where，在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
which 句意：她和家人都骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整句话。故填which。
whose 句意：凯特去澳大利亚工作了。上大学期间我和她妹妹住同一个房间。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Kate，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示“谁的”。故填whose。
where/in which 句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处于同一条起跑线上的领域。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词an area。将先行词代入定语从句后为“China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line in the area.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where/in which。
that/which 句意：该评论的两位作者2014年也发表了一项研究，该研究显示每天仅跑步5—10分钟就可以降低心脏病及各种原因导致的早亡的风险。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a study，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语。故填that或which。
that/which句意：2005年政府开始了一个土壤测试项目，给农民推荐特定的化肥。中国农业部发现在2005年至2011年间，化肥的使用量减少了770万吨。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行a soil-testing program，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语。故填关系代词that或which。
who/ that 句意：许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭有多便宜，就会比在自己国家做饭少得多。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Many westerners，且在从句中作主语。故填who或that。
who 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Sarah，指人，从句中缺主语。故填who。
whose 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the World Food Programme。purposes与the World Food Programme存在“所属”关系，此处指“世界粮食计划署的目的之一”，且空处在句中作定语。故填whose。
that /which 句意：在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The little problems，且从句缺少宾语。故填that /which。
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
which 句意：书面汉语也成了一种重要的手段，通过它，中国的现在与过去被连接了起来。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为means，将先行词代入定语从句后为“China’s present is connected with its past by this important means.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作介词by的宾语，介词by被提前。故填which。
which 句意：为了吸引游客去坐过山车，公园刚刚在网上发布了新照片和视频，这些照片和视频从乘车人的视角展示了过山车会是什么样子。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为new photos and videos online，将先行词代入定语从句后为“New photos and videos online show what the coaster will be like from the perspective of person riding.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
which 句意：经营了几年餐馆后，他在65岁时退休了，第一次领到了105美元的社保金，这是他唯一的收入。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为social security check，将先行词代入定语从句后为“The social security check was for $105.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
who/that 句意：钱包里有许多金币和一张国王的便条，上面写着这些金子是给搬走路上巨石的人的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the person，将先行词代入定语从句后为“The person removed the huge rock from the road.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人。故填who或that。
which/that 句意：为了保护他们的植物，许多农场也使用可杀死昆虫的化学制品。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为chemicals，将先行词代入定语从句后为“Chemicals will kill insects.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which或that。
when 句意：9月中旬，当无籽白葡萄成熟时，当地农民忙着采摘葡萄，准备运往全国各地。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为mid-September，将先行词代入定语从句后为“Their seedless white grapes ripen in mid-September.”。由此可知，关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
which 句意：据报道，2006年，它每周平均发行150万份，其中一半在美国销售。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1.5 million copies，将先行词代入定语从句后为“Half of the 1.5 million copies were sold in the United States.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，介词of被提前，且关系词指物。故填which。
which 句意：在过去的几年中，中国半数以上的实体书店都倒闭了，这是与网上书店竞争的结果。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的整个句子。故填which。
which 句意：比如，在秘鲁首都利马，有超过50家中医诊所，其中大约70%是由当地医生创办的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，指物。故填关系代词which。
who/that 句意：1959年，他还在香港创办了一份日报——《明报》。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the one，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。
which 句意：同时，随着建设的继续，更多的公路将被建成，地铁网络将被延伸，这可能会减少交通堵塞。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的整个句子，并在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
which 句意：大部分广告也都是宣传课外辅导机构。这些课外辅导机构因给学生们施加了额外的学习压力一直受到指责。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为extra-curricular education institutions，将先行词代入定语从句后为“The extra-curricular education institutions have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
which 句意：他得了皮肤癌，这使他准备放弃。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的一整句话，并在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
when/on which 句意：在一年中有特定的几个日期整个国家同时度假。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为certain dates，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when/on which。
that 句意：中国的分析家说有3种因素导致自行车数量的突然增多。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句。宾语从句是there be句型且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that不用which。故填that。
which 句意：生活就像一个洋葱，当你尝试着剥开它时，它有时候会让你流泪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an onion，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
where/in which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the media environment，定语从句中缺少地点状语。故填where/in which。
that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a law；关系词指物，且在从句中充当主语。故填that或which。
which 句意：结果与他们当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代空前的整句内容并在从句中作主语。故填which。
of which 此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。take advantage of表示“利用”，根据该搭配可知，空处应填of which。
that/which 句意：这家餐馆有一种诱人的、如家一般的氛围，这是很多其他餐馆所没有的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an inviting, homelike atmosphere。关系词指物并在从句中作宾语。故填that或which。
where 句意：不管你是否喜欢，在我们生活的这个社会，网上聊天是人际交流的一个重要部分。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a community，并在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
who 句意：每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发文凭。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Each graduate，并在从句中作主语，指人。故填who。
whose 句意：这位母亲一次又一次地感谢这个年轻人，如果没有他的帮助，她的儿子就被过往的汽车撞死了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词help，表示“谁的”。故填whose。
when 句意：我的祖母生活在一个妇女被看不起的时代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词generation，关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
where/in which 句意：——你如何理解生活？——它是一场没有尽头的比赛，在这个比赛中最大的对手是你自己。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a constant match，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语。故填where/in which。
whom 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为The children。将先行词代入定语从句后为“All of the children had played the whole day long.”。由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语，指人。故填whom。
whom/who 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Our grandma，关系词在从句中作动词called的宾语。故填whom或who。
which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient vase。把先行词带入定语从句为“The price of the ancient vase was very reasonable.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语，指物。故填which。
whom 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故填whom。
where/on which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词websites，将先行词代入定语从句后为“You can check out the latest news in the science world on many good websites.”。由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where/on which。
where/at which 句意：毕业之后，她到了人生中不得不决定做什么的地步。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a point。case和point等抽象地点名词作先行词，并且从句中缺少状语时，常用where引导定语从句，也可用at which。故填where/at which。
that 句意：他们谈论着在旅行中遇到的事情和人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the things and people；先行词既有人又有物，且定语从句中缺少宾语。故填that。
which 句意：他在这个用石头建立的小屋子里度过了他的童年时光。由句子结构看出这是一个含有定语从句的强调句，先行词是the small house，“________ was built with stones”为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中充当主语。故填which。
that/不填 分析句子结构可知，“_______ you have to do”为定语从句，修饰先行词all。当先行词是all时，关系词只能用that。另外，关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
that/不填 分析句子结构可知，“_______ I have ever read”为定语从句，修饰先行词book。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，关系词只能用that。另外，关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
that 分析句子结构可知，“________ were just crossing the track”为定语从句，修饰先行词a boy and his dog，当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that。
why/for which 分析句子结构可知，“________ he failed”为定语从句，修饰先行词reason，当先行词为reason时，关系词用why或者for which。
which/that 分析句子结构可知，“________ would bring about positive emotions”是定语从句，修饰先行词situations（指物），关系词在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
when 分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词days。关系词在定语从句中作状语。故填when。
II. 语篇语法填空
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加英语俱乐部训练的难忘经历。
when 句意：有一段时间，我厌烦学英语并且不喜欢说英语。There was a time when ...有一段时间……。
why 分析句子结构可知，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语。当先行词是reason时，关系词用why。
where 先行词是the club，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
whose 先行词是my guide，代入定语从句后为“My guide’s teacher was Yu Minhong.”。由此可见，关系词与teacher之间是所属关系，故用whose引导。
which 先行词是前面的主句，关系词在定语从句中作from的宾语，且介词from提前，故填which。
that/which 先行词是activities，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或which引导。
who 先行词是my father and the guide，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，且指人，所以用who引导。
which 先行词是English，关系词在定语从句中作介词into的宾语，且介词into已被提前，故填which。
which 句意：入睡前我回忆那些文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量的生词。先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作介词through的宾语，且介词已被提前，故用which引导。
As 句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会掌握英语。”非限制性定语从句置于句首时，需用as引导。