2024年中考英语复习 定语从句专题讲义(无答案）

定语从句
一、概念
1.在复合句中，修饰 或 的从句叫作定语从句。
核心概念
1.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做
定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。
2.关系词：连接 和 的词，分为 和
。
关系代词：that, , ,whom,whose,as等
关系词的分类
关系副词：when， ，
二、关系词
一）关系代词
1.that
*先行词为 或 ，在句中作 或 。
【注】当that在定语从句中作宾语时，可省略。
2.which
*先行词为 ，在句中作 或 。
*which的前面可以有介词。
*which既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
限定性定语从句中只用 that 而不用 which 的情况。
A) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across .
B) 先行词有 修饰时
This is the third time that they have met.
C) 主句已有疑问词 who或 which 时
Which of the car s that are in front of the hotel belongs to you
Who is the man that is sitting by the lake
D) 先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
E) 先行词为 all, much, few, little, something, everything , anything, nothing, none 等不定代词时
It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
F) 先行词前面有 the very, the only, the same, any, few, little, no, all, one of 等词修饰时
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.
G) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词以用 which, 另一个 宜用 that
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.（找清楚两个先行词）
3.who
*先行词为 ，在句中作 或 。
4.whom
*先行词为 ，在句中作 。
*whom前可以有介词。
*whom在定语从句中可以省略，但其前若有介词时，则不能省略。
5.whose
*先行词为 或 ，在句中作 。
*whose前可以有介词。
*whose后必须接 ，相当于“the+名词+of which/whom”
【复习巩固】
关系词 先行词 从句成分
关系代词 that
which 物
who 主语
whom
whose 人、物 定语
【例1】Some of us assume that everything______ happens in public can and may be recorded by a security camera.
A.where B.which C.when D.that
【例2】There they built themselves little villages of true English type, ______very names to this day remind them of their origin.
A.until B.that C.which D.whose
【例3】The city was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm ______few citizens have ever experienced before.
A.which B.that C.as D.where
二）关系副词
1.where
*先行词为表示地点的名词，where在从句中作地点状语。
The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean.
The hotel at which we stayed was very clean.
改写为关系副词引导的定语从句
2.why
*why 在句中作原因状语，常用在先行词 reason 后面。
The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.
=The reason for which I got a job was that I worked hard.
The reason for which she was late was that she missed her plane.
=
【译】你知道我为什么会喜欢英语吗？
他上学迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。
3.when
*先行词一般是表示时间的名词，when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。
I ’ ll never forget the time when we first met in London .
=I ’ ll never forget the time during which we first met in London.
【复习巩固】
关系副词 先行词 从句成分 备注
时间 =in/on/during...+which
地点状语 =in/on/at...+which
原因 =for which
【例1】The reason I am writing to you is to tell you about a party on
Saturday.
A.because B.why C.how D.which
【例2】Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.
A.where B.that C.which D.there
【例3】Do you still remember the day we first met
A.that B.when C.what D.on that
练习
一、单项选择题
1.The school______I visited last year was not the one______I once worked.
A. which; where B. which; which
C. where; which D. where; where
2.This is the hotel last month.
A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed
C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed
3.Give yourself a head massage from time to time,______produces a better blood circulation．
A.that B. as C. which D. what
4.The place______interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A.which B.where C.what D.in which
5.She is wearing the same hat______I wore yesterday.
A. what B. which C. as D. in which
6.The factory______ we’ll visit next week is not far from here.
A.where B.to which C.which D.in which
7.The engineer______my father works is about 50 years old.
A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom
8.The reason______he didn’t come was______he was ill.
A.why,that B.that,why C.for that,that D.for which,what
9.Happiness and success often come to those______are good at recognizing their own strength.
A.whom B.who C.what D.which
10.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
二、语法填空
Can you imagine that electronic devices can be harmful to your holiday Last year my summer holiday was spoiled by my (1) _________(bring) along a modern convenience that was too convenient for my own good: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail. Instead of paddling a small boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I (2) _________(stick) to reading four newspapers each morning. I was behaving (3) _________ _________ I were still in the office. My body was on vacation, but my head wasn’t.
So this year I made up my mind to try (4) _________ different: withdrawal from the Internet. I knew it wouldn’t be easy, since I’m bad at self-control. But I was determined. I started by giving the iPad to my wife.
The cellphone signal at our house was worse than in the past, making my attempts at cheating an experience in frustration. I was trapped, (5) _________(force) to go through with my plan. Largely cut off from e-mail, Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites, I had few ways to connect to the world except for the radio—and how much radio (6) _________ one listen to, really I had to do what I (7) _________(plan) to do all along: read books.
This experience has had a happy ending. With determination and the strong support of my wife, I won in my vacation struggle (8) _________ the Internet, realizing finally that it was I, not the iPad, (9) _________ was the problem. I knew I had won when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked (10) _________ I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi. “I don’t need it,” I said.
However, as we return to post-vacation life, a harder test begins: Can I continue when I’m back at work
三、选词填空
well-being B. individual C. considerately D. topping E. consumption F. features G. deliver H. expanded I. assessed J. significantly K. promoted
We all dream of living a long, happy life, but where are the happiest places in the world
A new map of 151 countries has revealed exactly which parts of the globe (1)________ long and happy lives for their citizens. The results may surprise you, with Costa Rica, Colombia and Vietnam(2) ________ the league. The UK (3)________ at position 44 - higher than Germany (47), Spain (62), Canada (65), Australia (76) and the US (105).
The map was made by the relocation website Movehub, using data from the latest Happy Planet Index (HPI) - a global measure of sustainable (4)________ .
The HPI measures life expectancy, the level of well-being experienced and ecological footprint. Each of the three aspects is given a traffic-light score based on thresholds for good (green), middling (amber) and bad (red) performance. These scores are combined to an (5)________ six-color traffic light for the overall HPI score, where, to achieve bright green – the best of the six colors, a country would have to perform well on all three (6)________ components.
Experienced well-being: This was (7)_______ using a question called the ‘Ladder of Life’. This asks respondents to imagine a ladder, where 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 the best possible life, and report the step of the ladder they feel they currently stand on.
Life expectancy: Alongside experienced well-being, the Happy Planet Index includes a universally important measure of health – life expectancy. We used life expectancy data from the 2011 UNDP Human Development Report.
Ecological Footprint: The HPI uses the Ecological Footprint (8)________ by the environmental charity WWF as a measure of resource consumption. It is a per capita（人均） measure of the amount of land required to sustain a country’s (9)________ pattern.
Two of the three main factors are directly about happiness. The third (Ecological footprint) is regarded as sustainable happiness. i.e. whether a country could sustain its citizens without any outside help. The idea is that if there was an incident which cut a country completely off from the outside world, or a country had to be completely self-sufficient, most of the developed world would be unable to do that.
The reason for some high-income nations to score (10)________ below other nations is the ecological footprint left on the planet. Mexicans and Canadians both appear to be happier than their US neighbor - most likely due to the country's ecological footprint.