人教版（2019） 必修 第一册Welcome Unit & Unit 1练习卷（含答案）
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必修一 Welcome Unit-Unit1
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解
A
If you’re looking for happy summer memories that will last a lifetime, Camp Chippenstock is for you! We provide fun activities for young people aged 12 through 17. Our campers choose from a wide variety of interesting activities led by an enthusiastic instructor, some of whom were once Chinppenstock campers themselves. Being a day camp, Camp Chippenstock is more affordable than many other camps. Read on to find out how you can participate.
Camp Chippenstock is surrounded by breathtaking scenery. Each year we get letters from satisfied campers like this one from Tommy Molina:
“Camp Chippenstock is a great place to be in summer. It’s everything you’d expect a camp to be and then some. I had a great summer, met a lot of cool people and learned to paddle a canoe (独木舟). I am definitely coming back next summer.”
ACTIVITIES OFFERED●Swimming: Visualize yourself swimming or diving into a clear pool. Whether you are a beginner or already swim like a fish, we’ll find a class for you.
●Canoeing: Glide across the lake or paddle up a stream. You can also take part in all-day canoe trips or weekly competitions.
●Photography: Learn how to get the pictures you want and how to develop them. Taking good pictures isn’t as simple as it seems even in this magnificent setting. Bring your own camera or use one of ours.
●Chinppenstock Times: Everyone is encouraged to get involved by becoming a reporter or photographer for our weekly newspaper.
We start each day at 9:00 A.M. and end at 5.30 P. M., Monday through Friday. Camp begins on June 22 and runs through July 24. Transportation can be arranged for those who live in the Allentown area. To receive an application, call 1-888-293-3151 or write to: Camp Chippenstock, P. O. Box 292, Allentown, NY 10020
1. Tommy Molina’s letter is used here to ______.
A. prove the camp is amazing B. tell the way to meet cool people
C. introduce the great camping place D. show everybody is eager to come back
2. The information in ACTIVITIES OFFERED shows us that ______.
A. campers can get close to nature by joining in canoeing
B. owning a camera is a must to learn how to take pictures
C. weekly competitions will be held by Chippenstock Times
D. classes are available for campers of different swimming levels
3. From the text we learn that ______.
A. Camp Chippenstock is intended for all teenagers
B. all the instructors used to be Chippenstock campers
C. we can take part in the camp throughout the summer
D. Camp Chippenstock costs less than many other camps
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
C
An obstacle usually refers to a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something. Whether it was in your past, or you’re presently facing an obstacle, you have to resolve it. Some people avoid obstacles or deny their existence. Others let obstacles control them, and they feel defeated. Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. Here are some more great things to love about obstacles.
First, obstacles give you purposes. Sometimes obstacles can reset your goals. You might have always had a particular way of doing things, or wanted to pursue certain goals; but when you’re faced with setbacks or difficulties, you’re forced to re-think, and re-examine your path. You may end up focusing on something new and exciting. Or, you may concentrate on something that you otherwise wouldn’t have if not for the particular setback. By having to overcome an obstacle, you’ll be fulfilling a purpose, rather than just going through the motions. Second, obstacles prepare you for the unexpected. Obstacles serve as guides for where to go next. Even though obstacles can bring out many negative emotions in us, such as frustration, anger, or sadness, it’s important to realize that they don’t stop you from reaching your intended goals. Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift your perspective.
Obstacles whether you like them or not are unavoidable. Life will never stop throwing you new obstacles. So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and address these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you’re able to see obstacles as being an advantage to your life, the better you’ll be at managing them.
Accepting obstacles will be rewarding. It will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself.
8. What does the word “obstacle” in the passage probably mean
A. passion. B. adversity.
C. reputation. D. expedition.
9. What determines the outcome of obstacles you face
A. Your own attitude. B. Your quick adaptation.
C. Your adequate preparation. D. Your optimistic perseverance.
10. How would obstacles result in benefits
A. They prevent your negative emotions.
B. They give you advantages over others.
C. They make you think quickly and critically.
D. They allow you to view things from new angles.
11. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Avoiding obstacles does harm to life. B. Loving obstacles benefits a lot.
C. Obstacles are actually unavoidable. D. Obstacles are double-edged swords.
D
Be it sugar or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces a “feel-good” chemical called dopamine. It first brings about pleasure, but it doesn’t last very long. It is then followed by pain so that we have to search for the pleasurable things again.
“This cycle of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans when we had to constantly search for our basic needs-food, water, shelter,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School researcher. “But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life.”
In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. Otherwise, the cycle will lead us to anxiety, depression and many other problems.
“This is a universal problem — not one limited to those struggling with the disease of addiction. If we want to stay mentally healthy, we must rethink how to break the cycle in a dopamine-overloaded world,” says Lembke.
Her suggestions for the addicts
Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure. This doesn’t mean going cold turkey forever. But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. Then re-introduce the pleasurable things little by little, like just a few bites of ice cream at a time or just one hour online a night.
Another strategy is to create physical distance between us and our addiction. That could mean just removing the addictive thing from our personal space. For someone who’s addicted to video games, that could mean a separate laptop for work and one for play.
“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise,” Lembke says. “By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term.”
12. What can we learn about dopamine from the text
A. It has always been harmful to humans.
B. It gives us less joy for the same rewards.
C. It can be caused by anything available.
D. It can lead to a lasting good feeling.
13. What do the underlined words “going cold turkey” probably mean
A. Abandoning. B. Waiting. C. Cooking. D. Repeating.
14. What does Dr. Anna Lembke suggest we do in the long term
A. Avoid pleasure in life.
B. Set a strict limit on pleasurable things.
C. Change reward pathways.
D. Expose ourselves to repeated rewards.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Ways to Live With Dopamine in Peace
B. Tips on Getting Rid of Social Media Addiction
C. Strategies for Making Most of the Modern Life
D. The Need to Strike a Pleasure-pain Balance
二、七选五
When it comes to the question how to encourage students to achieve success, teachers may offer different answers based on their own teaching experience. Here are some suggestions.
Post your expectations around the room.
If a student does not understand what teachers expect from him, he will have a much greater chance of failure. From the first day of class your expectations should be clear. Many teachers post their class rules for all to see. ___16___ You can select posters with encouraging words that explain your expectations.
___17___
Make sure that you do not show any bias (偏见) towards student’ learning. If you believe that the students in your class can’t learn a subject well, they probably won’t. ___18___ Be careful about the words you use and make sure that you don’t make students feel that you doubt their abilities.You must believe strongly and sincerely that your students can and will learn what you are teaching them.
Allow students the space to learn on their own.
___19___ While you can provide guidance, as the year goes on, you should pull back and give them more responsibility for their own learning. You should avoid jumping right in and helping students by simply providing them with the answers to their questions. ___20___
A. Pay special attention to slower students.
B. Have a right attitude to students’ abilities.
C. It is also a great idea to put up your expectations.
D. A healthy teacher-parent relationship is necessary.
E. The way a teacher treats students is very important.
F. Students need to learn to become self-directed learners.
G. Instead, lead students to find the answers by themselves.
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了老师如何鼓励学生取得成功的建议。
16. 根据空前“Many teachers post their class rules for all to see.(很多老师会把班级规定贴在教室的墙上，)”可知，把老师对学生的期望贴在墙上也是一个不错的主意。 C项“张贴你的期望也是一个很好的主意。”符合语境，选项中的“put up”呼应上文的post，expectations呼应标题中的expectations。故选C。
17. 根据空后“Make sure that you do not show any bias (偏见) towards student’ learning.(确保不要对学生的学习有任何偏见)”以及“Be careful about the words you use and make sure that you don’t make students feel that you doubt their abilities.(注意你使用的词语，确保你不会让学生觉得你怀疑他们的能力。)”可知，本段提到不要对学生的学习有偏见，不要表现出对学生的不信任。因此B项“老师要对学生的能力持正确的态度。”符合本段主旨，故选B。
18. 根据空前“If you believe that the students in your class can’t learn a subject well, they probably won’t.(如果你不相信学生可以学好一门课程，那么他们很可能真的学不好。)”可知E. The way a teacher treats students is very important.”说明老师要对学生有信心，学生才能学好，因此推断老师对待学生的方式很重要。选项E“老师对待学生的方式是非常重要的。”符合语境，故选E。
19. 根据“Allow students the space to learn on their own.”可知，本段的主旨是老师应该给学生留自主学习的空间。F项“学生需要学习成为自主学习者。”符合本段主旨，选项F中的become self-directed learners呼应本段主旨中的to learn on their own。故选F。
20. 根据空前“You should avoid jumping right in and helping students by simply providing them with the answers to their questions.(你应该避免直接介入，通过简单地为学生提供问题的答案来帮助他们)”可知，老师们的错误做法是老师不应该直接告诉他们问题的答案。G项“相反，引导学生自己去寻找答案。”符合语境，说明老师们正确的做法是引导学生，让学生自己去寻找答案。故选G。
三、完型填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jim Dwyer was once in the United States Air Force. Although he is retired, he is still ___21___ his country. This time it’s through ___22___ meals to those who truly need it.
Every Thursday, Dwyer starts his day at Meals on Wheels in Westminster, ___23___ eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults.
“It’s ___24___ to help those in need because it offers us inner joy. You know it’s just the ability to help people that are ___25___ and not able to get out on their own. It’s something I get ___26___ from. And who knows Maybe someday I might need this service too,” said Dwyer.
Dwyer was ___27___ to join Meals on Wheels when he ___28___ to make sure his elderly parents had hot meals to eat. “I saw on TV here in Westminster that they were looking for ___29___ for Meals on Wheels, and I said I could do that,” said Dwyer.
His ___30___ to work for his fellow Americans, as he did in the military, is ___31___. It is true that the meals bring ___32___ to those getting a plate.
“Jim is great. He has been one of our ___33___ volunteers for a long time,” said Darla Olson of Meals on Wheels.
As the saying goes, “It’s never too late to learn.” ___34___, Dwyer’s story tells us that it is also never too late to make ___35___ efforts to work for the good of the community.
21. A. serving B. building C. promoting D. missing
22. A. introducing B. selling C. delivering D. returning
23. A. picking up B. trying out C. showing off D. setting aside
24. A. convenient B. wonderful C. common D. possible
25. A. given up B. turned down C. laid off D. shut in
26. A. knowledge B. confidence C. satisfaction D. support
27. A. advised B. allowed C. inspired D. required
28. A. demanded B. pretended C. happened D. attempted
29. A. organizers B. driver C. cooks D. waiters
30. A. refusing B. continuing C. learning D. failing
31. A. identified B. confirmed C. appreciated D. suspected
32. A. smiles B. doubts C. pride D. honour
33. A. honest B. independent C. moved D. committed
34. A. Actually B. Hopefully C. Occasionally D. Gradually
35. A. temporary B. constant C. random D. obvious
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Based on global data, about 25 percent of children have or have had sleeping problems, and the main contributing ___36___ (factor) include overuse of electronic devices and too much homework. Up to now, the Ministry of Education in China ___37___ (take) different measures to ensure primary and secondary school students get enough daily sleep, 9 to 10 hours every day. More than 21,000 primary schools in Handan City started to introduce the “lying-down napping project” last year, ___38___ (let) their students sleep for an hour at noon in classrooms or spacious event rooms.
One of the most exciting times for 7-year-old Emily during weekdays is at midday, ___39___ her teachers instruct her to adjust the desk, pull back the chair into a leaning lounger(躺椅), ___40___ pull out a small quilt she brought from home ___41___ (enjoy) an hour’s nap at her lunch break. For her, the whole process is ___42___ delight. Sleeping on the desk, she used to wake up ___43___ neck and arm stiffness(僵硬). But now, she has enjoyed better quality of sleep and is ___44___ (energetic) in the afternoon, thus improving her learning efficiency.
Enough sleep has a significant impact on students’ physical, psychological and mental growth. It ___45___ (expect) that all urban schools in China will be taking part in the project within the next three years.
五、邀请信
46. 假定你是李华，为丰富同学们的校园生活，你校英语社团将举办英语才艺展示活动，请你给外教老师Peter写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 活动目的、时间、地点和内容；
2. 期待外教表演节目。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
How are you
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours.
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Boys like to be considered to be popular with others. Martin was such a young and generous boy, who thought he had loads of good friends in school. He was always showing off to his family members that he had the maximum number of friends in school. Also, he claimed how friendly he was with everyone. His family members wanted him to recognize the reality, thus not being cheated in the future.
One day as he was talking triumphantly about his friends at home again, his father called him for a bet. Father said, “Martin, I bet you for the cycle you wanted.” Martin. “What’s the bet ” Father thought for a while and answered, “I bet you do not have as many friends as you think. Everyone is not your real friend. I’m sure many of them are nothing more than your classmates, in other words, they are just your fair-weather friends.” Martin, without a second thought, accepted the challenge.
However, he had no idea how to test whether his classmates were real friends or not, so he asked his father about the testing way. A bright smile spread across the face of his father, “Wait a minute. I have just exactly what you need. It is a special item in my collection. Let me go and bring it.” Martin waited curiously. Several minutes later, Martin’s father returned, walking towards him, looking like he was carrying something heavy. But Martin could not see anything.
His father explained, “You see, this is a magic chair. It is invisible, and it is rather difficult to sit on it. You take this to your school. If you manage to sit on it, the special chair will activate its magic. Then you will be able to tell who are your real friends.”
The next day, brave and determined, Martin took the magic invisible chair to school.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
During lunchtime, he gathered his friends and asked them to form a circle.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Now he could find out who were his real friends.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Chippenstock夏令营的情况，包括活动安排和时间等信息。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Camp Chippenstock is surrounded by breathtaking scenery. Each year we get letters from satisfied campers like this one from Tommy Molina (奇本斯托克营地周围环绕着令人叹为观止的景色。每年我们都会收到满意的露营者的来信，比如汤米·莫利纳的来信)”以及信的内容““Camp Chippenstock is a great place to be in summer. It’s everything you’d expect a camp to be and then some. I had a great summer, met a lot of cool people and learned to paddle a canoe (独木舟). I am definitely coming back next summer.” (“奇本斯托克夏令营是夏天的好去处。这是你所期望的营地的一切，而且还不止于此。我度过了一个很棒的夏天，认识了很多很酷的人，还学会了划独木舟。明年夏天我一定会回来的。”)”可推知，汤米·莫利纳的信在这里被用来证明营地很棒。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据ACTIVITIES OFFERED部分中“Whether you are a beginner or already swim like a fish, we’ll find a class for you. (无论你是初学者还是已经像鱼一样游泳，我们都会为你找到一个班)”可知，在“提供的活动”中，我们可以看到有不同游泳水平的露营者可以参加的课程。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Being a day camp, Camp Chippenstock is more affordable than many other camps. (作为一个日间营地，奇本斯托克营地比许多其他营地更实惠)”可知，奇本斯托克营地比许多其他营地花费少。故选D。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
7. 标题归纳题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文是一篇议论文。阐述的主要观点为：以积极的态度对待人生中的障碍，因为它们有益于人的成长和提升。
8. 词义猜测题。根据首段首句“An obstacle usually refers to a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something. (障碍通常指的是阻碍你实现某事的困难或问题。)”可知，文章里“obstacle”指的是阻碍你实现某事的困难或问题。故选B。
9. 细节理解题。根据首段倒数第二句“Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. (你对待障碍的态度将决定你是从挑战中崛起，还是陷入困境。)”可知，你的态度决定你面对障碍的结果。故选A。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift your perspective. (相反，在某种程度上，它们会给你时间停下来思考是否有一条新的更好的道路可以走，以及你可以为沿途发生的事情做些什么准备。障碍会改变你的观点。)”可知，障碍让你从新的角度看待事物，从而带来好处。故选D。
11. 概括大意题。根据首段末句“Here are some more great things to love about obstacles. (这里是一些关于热爱障碍带来的更多的好事。)”可知，热爱障碍会让你受益匪浅。故选B。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上瘾的机制及戒瘾的办法。
12. 细节理解题。根据第二段“But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life. (但我们的大脑并没有调整到能够扑灭‘多巴胺之火’，这种‘多巴胺之火’是由现代生活中很容易获得的快乐事物引起的)”，以及第三段“In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. (此外，当我们反复接触能带来快乐的事物时，我们就无法从同样的奖励中获得快乐。相反，我们需要越来越强的刺激来让自己感觉良好)”可知，因为多巴胺，同样的回报却给我们更少的快乐。故选B项。
13. 词义猜测题。根据第六段的划线词前一句“Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure.(从我们赖以获得快乐的一切事物中抽出30天时间休息)”及划线词后“But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. (但第一个月是打破快乐—痛苦循环的关键，一开始就完全戒掉上瘾行为要容易得多)”可知，going cold turkey与后句中的cut out意思相同，意为“戒掉”，与Abandoning(中止，放弃)意思相近，故选A项。
14. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term. (通过这样做，我们将重置奖励途径，最终会更快乐。这并不容易，但从长远来看是值得做的)”可知，从长远来看，Dr. Anna Lembke建议我们应该改变奖励途径，才能让自己长久感到幸福。故选C项。
15. 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise, (在生活富足的时候，我们必须保持快乐和痛苦的平衡，这意味着有意地避免快乐，寻求那种让我们保持健康的有目的的痛苦，比如锻炼)”可知，控制上瘾最根本的一条还是能在苦与乐之间取得一种微妙的平衡。故选D项。
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了老师如何鼓励学生取得成功的建议。
16. 根据空前“Many teachers post their class rules for all to see.(很多老师会把班级规定贴在教室的墙上，)”可知，把老师对学生的期望贴在墙上也是一个不错的主意。 C项“张贴你的期望也是一个很好的主意。”符合语境，选项中的“put up”呼应上文的post，expectations呼应标题中的expectations。故选C。
17. 根据空后“Make sure that you do not show any bias (偏见) towards student’ learning.(确保不要对学生的学习有任何偏见)”以及“Be careful about the words you use and make sure that you don’t make students feel that you doubt their abilities.(注意你使用的词语，确保你不会让学生觉得你怀疑他们的能力。)”可知，本段提到不要对学生的学习有偏见，不要表现出对学生的不信任。因此B项“老师要对学生的能力持正确的态度。”符合本段主旨，故选B。
18. 根据空前“If you believe that the students in your class can’t learn a subject well, they probably won’t.(如果你不相信学生可以学好一门课程，那么他们很可能真的学不好。)”可知E. The way a teacher treats students is very important.”说明老师要对学生有信心，学生才能学好，因此推断老师对待学生的方式很重要。选项E“老师对待学生的方式是非常重要的。”符合语境，故选E。
19. 根据“Allow students the space to learn on their own.”可知，本段的主旨是老师应该给学生留自主学习的空间。F项“学生需要学习成为自主学习者。”符合本段主旨，选项F中的become self-directed learners呼应本段主旨中的to learn on their own。故选F。
20. 根据空前“You should avoid jumping right in and helping students by simply providing them with the answers to their questions.(你应该避免直接介入，通过简单地为学生提供问题的答案来帮助他们)”可知，老师们的错误做法是老师不应该直接告诉他们问题的答案。G项“相反，引导学生自己去寻找答案。”符合语境，说明老师们正确的做法是引导学生，让学生自己去寻找答案。故选G。
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Jim Dwyer退伍后继而为需要帮助的老年人送有营养的饭菜，他的故事告诉我们为了社会的利益而不断努力永远不晚。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他已经退伍，但他仍在为国家服务。A. serving服务；B. building建造；C. promoting提升；D. missing错过。根据句中的Although可知，前后表示转折，这里是说虽然他退伍了，但他仍以另一种方式为国家服务。故选A。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次是通过送餐给那些真正需要的人。A. introducing介绍；B. selling出售；C. delivering运送；D. returning返回。根据下文中的“sending the nutritious meals to older adults”可知，这里是说给那些真正需要的人送餐。故选C。
23. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每周四，Dwyer都会在威斯敏斯特的“Meals on Wheels”开始他的一天，拿起八个热盘子，把营养餐送到老年人手中。A. picking up拿起；B. trying out试用；C. showing off炫耀；D. setting aside把……放到一旁（或搁到一边）。根据空后的“eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults”可知，这里是说他拿起八个装着饭菜的热盘子去送到老年人那里。故选A。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：帮助那些需要帮助的人真是太令人愉快了，因为这能给我们带来内心的快乐。A. convenient方便的；B. wonderful令人高兴的，使人愉快的；C. common共同的；D. possible可能的。根据句中的“because it offers us inner joy”可知，帮助有需要的人令他高兴。故选B。
25. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你知道，这只是帮助那些被关在家里无法独自外出的人的能力。A. given up放弃；B. turned down拒绝；C. laid off解雇；D. shut in将……关在里面。根据空后的“and not able to get out on their own”可知，这是说这些老人被关在家里面。故选D。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我从中获得满足感的事情。A. knowledge知识；B. confidence信心；C. satisfaction满足，满意；D. support支持。根据上文中的“it offers us inner joy”可知，做这件事让他获得内在快乐，说明这可以给他带来满足感。故选C。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Dwyer试图确保年迈的父母有热腾腾的饭菜吃时，他受到了启发，加入了“Meals on Wheels”。A. advised建议；B. allowed允许；C. inspired启发；D. required要求。根据句中的“when he ______ to make sure his elderly parents had hot meals to eat”可知，他在试图让自己的父母吃上热饭菜时受到了启发，加入这个组织去帮助其他老年人。故选C。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. demanded要求；B. pretended假装；C. happened碰巧；D. attempted试图，企图。根据空后的“to make sure”可知，这里表示试图去做这件事。故选D。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在威斯敏斯特的电视上看到他们正在为“Meals on Wheels”寻找司机，我说我可以做到。A. organizers组织者；B. drivers司机；C. cooks厨师；D. waiters服务员。根据上文中的“______ eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults”和空后“Meals on Wheels”中的Wheels代表汽车可知，这里是说该组织在招募司机去运送饭菜。故选B。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他继续为美国同胞工作，就像他在军队里所做的那样，值得赞赏。A. refusing拒绝；B. continuing继续；C. learning学习；D. failing未能（做到），失败。根据句中的“as he did in the military”可知，他在军队服役是为了美国同胞的安居乐业，而现在他退伍之后为有需要的老人送饭菜，这是换了一种方式继续为美国同胞发光发热。故选B。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. identified识别；B. confirmed确认；C. appreciated欣赏；D. suspected怀疑。根据下文“Jim is great.(Jim很棒。)”和他做的这些奉献自我的事情可知，他的这种行为值得人们赞赏。故选C。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：的确，这些饭菜给那些得到盘子的人带来了微笑。A. smiles微笑；B. doubts怀疑；C. pride骄傲；D. honour荣誉。根据第一段中的“through ______ meals to those who truly need it”可知，他把饭菜送到有需要的人手中，结合常识，这些人收到饭菜后会很开心，喜笑颜开。故选A。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，他一直是我们尽心尽力的志愿者之一A. honest诚实的；B. independent独立的；C. moved感动的；D. committed尽心尽力的。根据第二段“Every Thursday, Dwyer starts his day at Meals on Wheels in Westminster, ______ eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults. (每周四，Dwyer都会在威斯敏斯特的‘Meals on Wheels’开始他的一天，拿起八个热盘子，把营养餐送到老年人手中。)”可知，他每周四都去“Meals on Wheels”做志愿者，说明了他很尽心尽力。故选D。
34. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Dwyer的故事还告诉我们，为了社会的利益而不断努力永远不会太晚。A. Actually事实上；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Occasionally偶然地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据空后的内容“Dwyer’s story tells us that it is also never too late to make ______ efforts to work for the good of the community”可知，这里强调了Dwyer的事迹教给人们的道理，应用Actually。故选A。
35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. temporary暂时的；B. constant不断的，持续的；C. random随机的；D. obvious显然的。根据倒数第三段中的“His ______ to work for his fellow Americans, as he did in the military”可知，他为社会不断地奉献自我。故选B。
【答案】36. factors 37. has taken 38. letting 39. when 40. and 41. to enjoy 42. a 43. with 44. more energetic 45. is expected
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国河北省邯郸市的学校响应国家教育部的“睡眠令”，让学生能够在中午将课桌变成午休床，躺着休息一个小时。这既能改善“趴桌睡”的问题，也保证了学生的睡眠时间和睡眠质量，同时提高了学生的学习效率。
36. 考查名词的数。句意：根据全球数据，大约25%的儿童有或有过睡眠问题，主要因素包括过度使用电子设备和过多的家庭作业。根据空后的overuse of electronic devices and too much homework可知，因素不止一个，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填factors。
37. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：截至目前，教育部已采取不同措施，确保中小学生每天有9至10小时的充足睡眠。根据时间状语Up to now可知，句子用现在完成时；主语the Ministry of Education为单数，所以谓语也用单数。故填has taken。
38. 考查现在分词。句意：去年，邯郸市21000多所小学开始推出“躺平睡项目”，让学生中午在教室或宽敞的活动室里睡一个小时。started是主句的谓语，因此空格处应填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语是More than 21,000 primary schools in Handan City，let与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，因此要用let的现在分词形式作状语。故填letting。
39. 考查定语从句。句意：对于7岁的Emily来说，周内最激动人心的时刻之一就是中午，那时，老师指导她调整桌子，把椅子往拉回成倾斜的躺椅，再拿出她从家里带来的小被子，享受一个小时的午睡。at midday表示时间，设空处后面是个“主谓宾”完整的句子，因此可知，本句是定语从句，从句缺少状语，需要用关系副词when来引导，故填when。
40. 考查连词。句意：同上。句中的instruct与pull back和pull out是三个并列的谓语，因此用and连接。故填and。
41. 考查动词不定式。句意：同上。把书桌椅放下变成躺椅是为了午休，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to enjoy。
42. 考查冠词。句意：对她来说，整个过程是一种享受。此处表示“一件快乐的事”时，delight是可数名词，表示泛指，应用不定冠词来修饰，且delight发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。
43. 考查介词。句意：趴在桌子上睡，她以前醒来时会颈部和手臂僵硬。she used to wake up是主句，“with +名词”表伴随。故填with。
44. 考查形容词。句意：但是现在，她的睡眠质量更好了，下午精力更充沛，从而提高了学习效率。设空处前的and是并列连词，连接两个简单句。根据第一个简单句中的better quality可以判断此处也要用形容词的比较级，故填more energetic。
45. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：预计未来三年内，中国所有城镇学校都将参与该项目。主句描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，It is expected that...是固定句式，表示“人们期待……”。It是形式主语，all urban schools in China will be taking part in the project within the next three years是真正的主语。这件事备受期待，因此要用被动语态。故填is expected。
【答案】Dear Peter,
How are you I am writing to tell you that we will hold an English talent show to enrich our school life. On behalf of our English Club, I sincerely invite you to attend the activity.
The talent show will be held in the lecture hall this Sunday. As scheduled, colorful activities will be available ranging from an oral English speech to English song performances. What’s more, several English plays will also be on show. I am sure the talent show will be more wonderful if you can join us with your performance.
We are expecting your presence and participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本文是应用文。要求考生邀请外教老师Peter参加学校英语社团将举办的英语才艺展示活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hold→throw
代表：on behalf of→represent
诚挚地：sincerely→earnestly
参加：attend→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：On behalf of our English Club, I sincerely invite you to attend the activity.
拓展句：In order that you can attend the activity, I, on behalf of our English Club, sincerely invite you here.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you that we will hold an English talent show to enrich our school life.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I am sure the talent show will be more wonderful if you can join us with your performance.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）
【答案】
Paragraph 1:
During lunchtime, he gathered his friends and asked them to form a circle. Standing in the middle, Martin announced, “Friends, you are about to see my magic chair here. Watch closely.” Slowly, Martin tried sitting on the chair. But he missed and fell straight onto his backside. Everyone around him burst into laughter. He made another attempt to sit and fell again. This time, there comes a few catcalls. Martin did not give up. He kept trying and fell to the ground. The laughs continued. Squeezing out a bitter smile, he tried again and did not fall this time. He finally experienced the magic.
Paragraph 2:
Now he could find out who were his real friends. Looking around, Martin saw four of his friends, John, Abram, Juli, and Terry carrying him up, so he didn’t fall. At the same time, many others he had thought of as friends were doing nothing but make fun of him, enjoying each and every fall. Martin returned home and narrated the day’s story to his father. Father was happy that he could find his real friends. The next day he bought a new cycle for Martin. Martin realized it was not about the quantity of friends but the quality that mattered.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了男孩马丁自认为有很多朋友，并向家人炫耀。他和父亲打赌，他的父亲通过一把隐形魔法椅子测试谁是真正的朋友，最后马丁感悟到什么是真正的朋友。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“午餐时间，他召集朋友们，让他们围成一个圈。”可知，第一段可描写马丁测试魔法椅子，不断摔倒，最终有一次成功了。
②由第二段首句内容“现在他可以知道谁是他真正的朋友了。”可知，第二段可描写马丁周围的朋友的不同反应以及感悟到什么是真正的朋友。
2.续写线索：马丁有很多朋友——和父亲打赌——隐形椅子测试朋友——不同朋友的反应——真正的朋友
3.词汇激活
行为类
①仔细看：Watch closely/ Observe carefully
②突然大笑：burst into laughter/burst out laughing
③取笑他：make fun of him/make jokes at him
情绪类
①苦笑：a bitter smile/a wry smile
②高兴：happy/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Squeezing out a bitter smile, he tried again and did not fall this time.（使用了现在分词短语Squeezing out充当伴随状语）
[高分句型2]. Martin realized it was not about the quantity of friends but the quality that mattered.（使用了强调句以及not…but…句式结构）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解
A
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“Camp Chippenstock is a great place to be in summer. It’s everything you’d expect a camp to be and then some. I had a great summer, met a lot of cool people and learned to paddle a canoe (独木舟). I am definitely coming back next summer.”
ACTIVITIES OFFERED●Swimming: Visualize yourself swimming or diving into a clear pool. Whether you are a beginner or already swim like a fish, we’ll find a class for you.
●Canoeing: Glide across the lake or paddle up a stream. You can also take part in all-day canoe trips or weekly competitions.
●Photography: Learn how to get the pictures you want and how to develop them. Taking good pictures isn’t as simple as it seems even in this magnificent setting. Bring your own camera or use one of ours.
●Chinppenstock Times: Everyone is encouraged to get involved by becoming a reporter or photographer for our weekly newspaper.
We start each day at 9:00 A.M. and end at 5.30 P. M., Monday through Friday. Camp begins on June 22 and runs through July 24. Transportation can be arranged for those who live in the Allentown area. To receive an application, call 1-888-293-3151 or write to: Camp Chippenstock, P. O. Box 292, Allentown, NY 10020
1. Tommy Molina’s letter is used here to ______.
A. prove the camp is amazing B. tell the way to meet cool people
C. introduce the great camping place D. show everybody is eager to come back
2. The information in ACTIVITIES OFFERED shows us that ______.
A. campers can get close to nature by joining in canoeing
B. owning a camera is a must to learn how to take pictures
C. weekly competitions will be held by Chippenstock Times
D. classes are available for campers of different swimming levels
3. From the text we learn that ______.
A. Camp Chippenstock is intended for all teenagers
B. all the instructors used to be Chippenstock campers
C. we can take part in the camp throughout the summer
D. Camp Chippenstock costs less than many other camps
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
C
An obstacle usually refers to a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something. Whether it was in your past, or you’re presently facing an obstacle, you have to resolve it. Some people avoid obstacles or deny their existence. Others let obstacles control them, and they feel defeated. Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. Here are some more great things to love about obstacles.
First, obstacles give you purposes. Sometimes obstacles can reset your goals. You might have always had a particular way of doing things, or wanted to pursue certain goals; but when you’re faced with setbacks or difficulties, you’re forced to re-think, and re-examine your path. You may end up focusing on something new and exciting. Or, you may concentrate on something that you otherwise wouldn’t have if not for the particular setback. By having to overcome an obstacle, you’ll be fulfilling a purpose, rather than just going through the motions. Second, obstacles prepare you for the unexpected. Obstacles serve as guides for where to go next. Even though obstacles can bring out many negative emotions in us, such as frustration, anger, or sadness, it’s important to realize that they don’t stop you from reaching your intended goals. Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift your perspective.
Obstacles whether you like them or not are unavoidable. Life will never stop throwing you new obstacles. So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and address these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you’re able to see obstacles as being an advantage to your life, the better you’ll be at managing them.
Accepting obstacles will be rewarding. It will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself.
8. What does the word “obstacle” in the passage probably mean
A. passion. B. adversity.
C. reputation. D. expedition.
9. What determines the outcome of obstacles you face
A. Your own attitude. B. Your quick adaptation.
C. Your adequate preparation. D. Your optimistic perseverance.
10. How would obstacles result in benefits
A. They prevent your negative emotions.
B. They give you advantages over others.
C. They make you think quickly and critically.
D. They allow you to view things from new angles.
11. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Avoiding obstacles does harm to life. B. Loving obstacles benefits a lot.
C. Obstacles are actually unavoidable. D. Obstacles are double-edged swords.
D
Be it sugar or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces a “feel-good” chemical called dopamine. It first brings about pleasure, but it doesn’t last very long. It is then followed by pain so that we have to search for the pleasurable things again.
“This cycle of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans when we had to constantly search for our basic needs-food, water, shelter,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School researcher. “But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life.”
In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. Otherwise, the cycle will lead us to anxiety, depression and many other problems.
“This is a universal problem — not one limited to those struggling with the disease of addiction. If we want to stay mentally healthy, we must rethink how to break the cycle in a dopamine-overloaded world,” says Lembke.
Her suggestions for the addicts
Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure. This doesn’t mean going cold turkey forever. But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. Then re-introduce the pleasurable things little by little, like just a few bites of ice cream at a time or just one hour online a night.
Another strategy is to create physical distance between us and our addiction. That could mean just removing the addictive thing from our personal space. For someone who’s addicted to video games, that could mean a separate laptop for work and one for play.
“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise,” Lembke says. “By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term.”
12. What can we learn about dopamine from the text
A. It has always been harmful to humans.
B. It gives us less joy for the same rewards.
C. It can be caused by anything available.
D. It can lead to a lasting good feeling.
13. What do the underlined words “going cold turkey” probably mean
A. Abandoning. B. Waiting. C. Cooking. D. Repeating.
14. What does Dr. Anna Lembke suggest we do in the long term
A. Avoid pleasure in life.
B. Set a strict limit on pleasurable things.
C. Change reward pathways.
D. Expose ourselves to repeated rewards.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Ways to Live With Dopamine in Peace
B. Tips on Getting Rid of Social Media Addiction
C. Strategies for Making Most of the Modern Life
D. The Need to Strike a Pleasure-pain Balance
二、七选五
When it comes to the question how to encourage students to achieve success, teachers may offer different answers based on their own teaching experience. Here are some suggestions.
Post your expectations around the room.
If a student does not understand what teachers expect from him, he will have a much greater chance of failure. From the first day of class your expectations should be clear. Many teachers post their class rules for all to see. ___16___ You can select posters with encouraging words that explain your expectations.
___17___
Make sure that you do not show any bias (偏见) towards student’ learning. If you believe that the students in your class can’t learn a subject well, they probably won’t. ___18___ Be careful about the words you use and make sure that you don’t make students feel that you doubt their abilities.You must believe strongly and sincerely that your students can and will learn what you are teaching them.
Allow students the space to learn on their own.
___19___ While you can provide guidance, as the year goes on, you should pull back and give them more responsibility for their own learning. You should avoid jumping right in and helping students by simply providing them with the answers to their questions. ___20___
A. Pay special attention to slower students.
B. Have a right attitude to students’ abilities.
C. It is also a great idea to put up your expectations.
D. A healthy teacher-parent relationship is necessary.
E. The way a teacher treats students is very important.
F. Students need to learn to become self-directed learners.
G. Instead, lead students to find the answers by themselves.
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了老师如何鼓励学生取得成功的建议。
16. 根据空前“Many teachers post their class rules for all to see.(很多老师会把班级规定贴在教室的墙上，)”可知，把老师对学生的期望贴在墙上也是一个不错的主意。 C项“张贴你的期望也是一个很好的主意。”符合语境，选项中的“put up”呼应上文的post，expectations呼应标题中的expectations。故选C。
17. 根据空后“Make sure that you do not show any bias (偏见) towards student’ learning.(确保不要对学生的学习有任何偏见)”以及“Be careful about the words you use and make sure that you don’t make students feel that you doubt their abilities.(注意你使用的词语，确保你不会让学生觉得你怀疑他们的能力。)”可知，本段提到不要对学生的学习有偏见，不要表现出对学生的不信任。因此B项“老师要对学生的能力持正确的态度。”符合本段主旨，故选B。
18. 根据空前“If you believe that the students in your class can’t learn a subject well, they probably won’t.(如果你不相信学生可以学好一门课程，那么他们很可能真的学不好。)”可知E. The way a teacher treats students is very important.”说明老师要对学生有信心，学生才能学好，因此推断老师对待学生的方式很重要。选项E“老师对待学生的方式是非常重要的。”符合语境，故选E。
19. 根据“Allow students the space to learn on their own.”可知，本段的主旨是老师应该给学生留自主学习的空间。F项“学生需要学习成为自主学习者。”符合本段主旨，选项F中的become self-directed learners呼应本段主旨中的to learn on their own。故选F。
20. 根据空前“You should avoid jumping right in and helping students by simply providing them with the answers to their questions.(你应该避免直接介入，通过简单地为学生提供问题的答案来帮助他们)”可知，老师们的错误做法是老师不应该直接告诉他们问题的答案。G项“相反，引导学生自己去寻找答案。”符合语境，说明老师们正确的做法是引导学生，让学生自己去寻找答案。故选G。
三、完型填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jim Dwyer was once in the United States Air Force. Although he is retired, he is still ___21___ his country. This time it’s through ___22___ meals to those who truly need it.
Every Thursday, Dwyer starts his day at Meals on Wheels in Westminster, ___23___ eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults.
“It’s ___24___ to help those in need because it offers us inner joy. You know it’s just the ability to help people that are ___25___ and not able to get out on their own. It’s something I get ___26___ from. And who knows Maybe someday I might need this service too,” said Dwyer.
Dwyer was ___27___ to join Meals on Wheels when he ___28___ to make sure his elderly parents had hot meals to eat. “I saw on TV here in Westminster that they were looking for ___29___ for Meals on Wheels, and I said I could do that,” said Dwyer.
His ___30___ to work for his fellow Americans, as he did in the military, is ___31___. It is true that the meals bring ___32___ to those getting a plate.
“Jim is great. He has been one of our ___33___ volunteers for a long time,” said Darla Olson of Meals on Wheels.
As the saying goes, “It’s never too late to learn.” ___34___, Dwyer’s story tells us that it is also never too late to make ___35___ efforts to work for the good of the community.
21. A. serving B. building C. promoting D. missing
22. A. introducing B. selling C. delivering D. returning
23. A. picking up B. trying out C. showing off D. setting aside
24. A. convenient B. wonderful C. common D. possible
25. A. given up B. turned down C. laid off D. shut in
26. A. knowledge B. confidence C. satisfaction D. support
27. A. advised B. allowed C. inspired D. required
28. A. demanded B. pretended C. happened D. attempted
29. A. organizers B. driver C. cooks D. waiters
30. A. refusing B. continuing C. learning D. failing
31. A. identified B. confirmed C. appreciated D. suspected
32. A. smiles B. doubts C. pride D. honour
33. A. honest B. independent C. moved D. committed
34. A. Actually B. Hopefully C. Occasionally D. Gradually
35. A. temporary B. constant C. random D. obvious
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Based on global data, about 25 percent of children have or have had sleeping problems, and the main contributing ___36___ (factor) include overuse of electronic devices and too much homework. Up to now, the Ministry of Education in China ___37___ (take) different measures to ensure primary and secondary school students get enough daily sleep, 9 to 10 hours every day. More than 21,000 primary schools in Handan City started to introduce the “lying-down napping project” last year, ___38___ (let) their students sleep for an hour at noon in classrooms or spacious event rooms.
One of the most exciting times for 7-year-old Emily during weekdays is at midday, ___39___ her teachers instruct her to adjust the desk, pull back the chair into a leaning lounger(躺椅), ___40___ pull out a small quilt she brought from home ___41___ (enjoy) an hour’s nap at her lunch break. For her, the whole process is ___42___ delight. Sleeping on the desk, she used to wake up ___43___ neck and arm stiffness(僵硬). But now, she has enjoyed better quality of sleep and is ___44___ (energetic) in the afternoon, thus improving her learning efficiency.
Enough sleep has a significant impact on students’ physical, psychological and mental growth. It ___45___ (expect) that all urban schools in China will be taking part in the project within the next three years.
五、邀请信
46. 假定你是李华，为丰富同学们的校园生活，你校英语社团将举办英语才艺展示活动，请你给外教老师Peter写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 活动目的、时间、地点和内容；
2. 期待外教表演节目。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
How are you
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours.
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Boys like to be considered to be popular with others. Martin was such a young and generous boy, who thought he had loads of good friends in school. He was always showing off to his family members that he had the maximum number of friends in school. Also, he claimed how friendly he was with everyone. His family members wanted him to recognize the reality, thus not being cheated in the future.
One day as he was talking triumphantly about his friends at home again, his father called him for a bet. Father said, “Martin, I bet you for the cycle you wanted.” Martin. “What’s the bet ” Father thought for a while and answered, “I bet you do not have as many friends as you think. Everyone is not your real friend. I’m sure many of them are nothing more than your classmates, in other words, they are just your fair-weather friends.” Martin, without a second thought, accepted the challenge.
However, he had no idea how to test whether his classmates were real friends or not, so he asked his father about the testing way. A bright smile spread across the face of his father, “Wait a minute. I have just exactly what you need. It is a special item in my collection. Let me go and bring it.” Martin waited curiously. Several minutes later, Martin’s father returned, walking towards him, looking like he was carrying something heavy. But Martin could not see anything.
His father explained, “You see, this is a magic chair. It is invisible, and it is rather difficult to sit on it. You take this to your school. If you manage to sit on it, the special chair will activate its magic. Then you will be able to tell who are your real friends.”
The next day, brave and determined, Martin took the magic invisible chair to school.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
During lunchtime, he gathered his friends and asked them to form a circle.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Now he could find out who were his real friends.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Chippenstock夏令营的情况，包括活动安排和时间等信息。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Camp Chippenstock is surrounded by breathtaking scenery. Each year we get letters from satisfied campers like this one from Tommy Molina (奇本斯托克营地周围环绕着令人叹为观止的景色。每年我们都会收到满意的露营者的来信，比如汤米·莫利纳的来信)”以及信的内容““Camp Chippenstock is a great place to be in summer. It’s everything you’d expect a camp to be and then some. I had a great summer, met a lot of cool people and learned to paddle a canoe (独木舟). I am definitely coming back next summer.” (“奇本斯托克夏令营是夏天的好去处。这是你所期望的营地的一切，而且还不止于此。我度过了一个很棒的夏天，认识了很多很酷的人，还学会了划独木舟。明年夏天我一定会回来的。”)”可推知，汤米·莫利纳的信在这里被用来证明营地很棒。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据ACTIVITIES OFFERED部分中“Whether you are a beginner or already swim like a fish, we’ll find a class for you. (无论你是初学者还是已经像鱼一样游泳，我们都会为你找到一个班)”可知，在“提供的活动”中，我们可以看到有不同游泳水平的露营者可以参加的课程。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Being a day camp, Camp Chippenstock is more affordable than many other camps. (作为一个日间营地，奇本斯托克营地比许多其他营地更实惠)”可知，奇本斯托克营地比许多其他营地花费少。故选D。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
7. 标题归纳题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文是一篇议论文。阐述的主要观点为：以积极的态度对待人生中的障碍，因为它们有益于人的成长和提升。
8. 词义猜测题。根据首段首句“An obstacle usually refers to a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something. (障碍通常指的是阻碍你实现某事的困难或问题。)”可知，文章里“obstacle”指的是阻碍你实现某事的困难或问题。故选B。
9. 细节理解题。根据首段倒数第二句“Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. (你对待障碍的态度将决定你是从挑战中崛起，还是陷入困境。)”可知，你的态度决定你面对障碍的结果。故选A。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift your perspective. (相反，在某种程度上，它们会给你时间停下来思考是否有一条新的更好的道路可以走，以及你可以为沿途发生的事情做些什么准备。障碍会改变你的观点。)”可知，障碍让你从新的角度看待事物，从而带来好处。故选D。
11. 概括大意题。根据首段末句“Here are some more great things to love about obstacles. (这里是一些关于热爱障碍带来的更多的好事。)”可知，热爱障碍会让你受益匪浅。故选B。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上瘾的机制及戒瘾的办法。
12. 细节理解题。根据第二段“But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life. (但我们的大脑并没有调整到能够扑灭‘多巴胺之火’，这种‘多巴胺之火’是由现代生活中很容易获得的快乐事物引起的)”，以及第三段“In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. (此外，当我们反复接触能带来快乐的事物时，我们就无法从同样的奖励中获得快乐。相反，我们需要越来越强的刺激来让自己感觉良好)”可知，因为多巴胺，同样的回报却给我们更少的快乐。故选B项。
13. 词义猜测题。根据第六段的划线词前一句“Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure.(从我们赖以获得快乐的一切事物中抽出30天时间休息)”及划线词后“But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. (但第一个月是打破快乐—痛苦循环的关键，一开始就完全戒掉上瘾行为要容易得多)”可知，going cold turkey与后句中的cut out意思相同，意为“戒掉”，与Abandoning(中止，放弃)意思相近，故选A项。
14. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term. (通过这样做，我们将重置奖励途径，最终会更快乐。这并不容易，但从长远来看是值得做的)”可知，从长远来看，Dr. Anna Lembke建议我们应该改变奖励途径，才能让自己长久感到幸福。故选C项。
15. 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise, (在生活富足的时候，我们必须保持快乐和痛苦的平衡，这意味着有意地避免快乐，寻求那种让我们保持健康的有目的的痛苦，比如锻炼)”可知，控制上瘾最根本的一条还是能在苦与乐之间取得一种微妙的平衡。故选D项。
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了老师如何鼓励学生取得成功的建议。
16. 根据空前“Many teachers post their class rules for all to see.(很多老师会把班级规定贴在教室的墙上，)”可知，把老师对学生的期望贴在墙上也是一个不错的主意。 C项“张贴你的期望也是一个很好的主意。”符合语境，选项中的“put up”呼应上文的post，expectations呼应标题中的expectations。故选C。
17. 根据空后“Make sure that you do not show any bias (偏见) towards student’ learning.(确保不要对学生的学习有任何偏见)”以及“Be careful about the words you use and make sure that you don’t make students feel that you doubt their abilities.(注意你使用的词语，确保你不会让学生觉得你怀疑他们的能力。)”可知，本段提到不要对学生的学习有偏见，不要表现出对学生的不信任。因此B项“老师要对学生的能力持正确的态度。”符合本段主旨，故选B。
18. 根据空前“If you believe that the students in your class can’t learn a subject well, they probably won’t.(如果你不相信学生可以学好一门课程，那么他们很可能真的学不好。)”可知E. The way a teacher treats students is very important.”说明老师要对学生有信心，学生才能学好，因此推断老师对待学生的方式很重要。选项E“老师对待学生的方式是非常重要的。”符合语境，故选E。
19. 根据“Allow students the space to learn on their own.”可知，本段的主旨是老师应该给学生留自主学习的空间。F项“学生需要学习成为自主学习者。”符合本段主旨，选项F中的become self-directed learners呼应本段主旨中的to learn on their own。故选F。
20. 根据空前“You should avoid jumping right in and helping students by simply providing them with the answers to their questions.(你应该避免直接介入，通过简单地为学生提供问题的答案来帮助他们)”可知，老师们的错误做法是老师不应该直接告诉他们问题的答案。G项“相反，引导学生自己去寻找答案。”符合语境，说明老师们正确的做法是引导学生，让学生自己去寻找答案。故选G。
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Jim Dwyer退伍后继而为需要帮助的老年人送有营养的饭菜，他的故事告诉我们为了社会的利益而不断努力永远不晚。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他已经退伍，但他仍在为国家服务。A. serving服务；B. building建造；C. promoting提升；D. missing错过。根据句中的Although可知，前后表示转折，这里是说虽然他退伍了，但他仍以另一种方式为国家服务。故选A。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次是通过送餐给那些真正需要的人。A. introducing介绍；B. selling出售；C. delivering运送；D. returning返回。根据下文中的“sending the nutritious meals to older adults”可知，这里是说给那些真正需要的人送餐。故选C。
23. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每周四，Dwyer都会在威斯敏斯特的“Meals on Wheels”开始他的一天，拿起八个热盘子，把营养餐送到老年人手中。A. picking up拿起；B. trying out试用；C. showing off炫耀；D. setting aside把……放到一旁（或搁到一边）。根据空后的“eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults”可知，这里是说他拿起八个装着饭菜的热盘子去送到老年人那里。故选A。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：帮助那些需要帮助的人真是太令人愉快了，因为这能给我们带来内心的快乐。A. convenient方便的；B. wonderful令人高兴的，使人愉快的；C. common共同的；D. possible可能的。根据句中的“because it offers us inner joy”可知，帮助有需要的人令他高兴。故选B。
25. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你知道，这只是帮助那些被关在家里无法独自外出的人的能力。A. given up放弃；B. turned down拒绝；C. laid off解雇；D. shut in将……关在里面。根据空后的“and not able to get out on their own”可知，这是说这些老人被关在家里面。故选D。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我从中获得满足感的事情。A. knowledge知识；B. confidence信心；C. satisfaction满足，满意；D. support支持。根据上文中的“it offers us inner joy”可知，做这件事让他获得内在快乐，说明这可以给他带来满足感。故选C。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Dwyer试图确保年迈的父母有热腾腾的饭菜吃时，他受到了启发，加入了“Meals on Wheels”。A. advised建议；B. allowed允许；C. inspired启发；D. required要求。根据句中的“when he ______ to make sure his elderly parents had hot meals to eat”可知，他在试图让自己的父母吃上热饭菜时受到了启发，加入这个组织去帮助其他老年人。故选C。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. demanded要求；B. pretended假装；C. happened碰巧；D. attempted试图，企图。根据空后的“to make sure”可知，这里表示试图去做这件事。故选D。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在威斯敏斯特的电视上看到他们正在为“Meals on Wheels”寻找司机，我说我可以做到。A. organizers组织者；B. drivers司机；C. cooks厨师；D. waiters服务员。根据上文中的“______ eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults”和空后“Meals on Wheels”中的Wheels代表汽车可知，这里是说该组织在招募司机去运送饭菜。故选B。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他继续为美国同胞工作，就像他在军队里所做的那样，值得赞赏。A. refusing拒绝；B. continuing继续；C. learning学习；D. failing未能（做到），失败。根据句中的“as he did in the military”可知，他在军队服役是为了美国同胞的安居乐业，而现在他退伍之后为有需要的老人送饭菜，这是换了一种方式继续为美国同胞发光发热。故选B。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. identified识别；B. confirmed确认；C. appreciated欣赏；D. suspected怀疑。根据下文“Jim is great.(Jim很棒。)”和他做的这些奉献自我的事情可知，他的这种行为值得人们赞赏。故选C。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：的确，这些饭菜给那些得到盘子的人带来了微笑。A. smiles微笑；B. doubts怀疑；C. pride骄傲；D. honour荣誉。根据第一段中的“through ______ meals to those who truly need it”可知，他把饭菜送到有需要的人手中，结合常识，这些人收到饭菜后会很开心，喜笑颜开。故选A。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，他一直是我们尽心尽力的志愿者之一A. honest诚实的；B. independent独立的；C. moved感动的；D. committed尽心尽力的。根据第二段“Every Thursday, Dwyer starts his day at Meals on Wheels in Westminster, ______ eight hot plates and sending the nutritious meals to older adults. (每周四，Dwyer都会在威斯敏斯特的‘Meals on Wheels’开始他的一天，拿起八个热盘子，把营养餐送到老年人手中。)”可知，他每周四都去“Meals on Wheels”做志愿者，说明了他很尽心尽力。故选D。
34. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Dwyer的故事还告诉我们，为了社会的利益而不断努力永远不会太晚。A. Actually事实上；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Occasionally偶然地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据空后的内容“Dwyer’s story tells us that it is also never too late to make ______ efforts to work for the good of the community”可知，这里强调了Dwyer的事迹教给人们的道理，应用Actually。故选A。
35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. temporary暂时的；B. constant不断的，持续的；C. random随机的；D. obvious显然的。根据倒数第三段中的“His ______ to work for his fellow Americans, as he did in the military”可知，他为社会不断地奉献自我。故选B。
【答案】36. factors 37. has taken 38. letting 39. when 40. and 41. to enjoy 42. a 43. with 44. more energetic 45. is expected
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国河北省邯郸市的学校响应国家教育部的“睡眠令”，让学生能够在中午将课桌变成午休床，躺着休息一个小时。这既能改善“趴桌睡”的问题，也保证了学生的睡眠时间和睡眠质量，同时提高了学生的学习效率。
36. 考查名词的数。句意：根据全球数据，大约25%的儿童有或有过睡眠问题，主要因素包括过度使用电子设备和过多的家庭作业。根据空后的overuse of electronic devices and too much homework可知，因素不止一个，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填factors。
37. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：截至目前，教育部已采取不同措施，确保中小学生每天有9至10小时的充足睡眠。根据时间状语Up to now可知，句子用现在完成时；主语the Ministry of Education为单数，所以谓语也用单数。故填has taken。
38. 考查现在分词。句意：去年，邯郸市21000多所小学开始推出“躺平睡项目”，让学生中午在教室或宽敞的活动室里睡一个小时。started是主句的谓语，因此空格处应填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语是More than 21,000 primary schools in Handan City，let与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，因此要用let的现在分词形式作状语。故填letting。
39. 考查定语从句。句意：对于7岁的Emily来说，周内最激动人心的时刻之一就是中午，那时，老师指导她调整桌子，把椅子往拉回成倾斜的躺椅，再拿出她从家里带来的小被子，享受一个小时的午睡。at midday表示时间，设空处后面是个“主谓宾”完整的句子，因此可知，本句是定语从句，从句缺少状语，需要用关系副词when来引导，故填when。
40. 考查连词。句意：同上。句中的instruct与pull back和pull out是三个并列的谓语，因此用and连接。故填and。
41. 考查动词不定式。句意：同上。把书桌椅放下变成躺椅是为了午休，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to enjoy。
42. 考查冠词。句意：对她来说，整个过程是一种享受。此处表示“一件快乐的事”时，delight是可数名词，表示泛指，应用不定冠词来修饰，且delight发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。
43. 考查介词。句意：趴在桌子上睡，她以前醒来时会颈部和手臂僵硬。she used to wake up是主句，“with +名词”表伴随。故填with。
44. 考查形容词。句意：但是现在，她的睡眠质量更好了，下午精力更充沛，从而提高了学习效率。设空处前的and是并列连词，连接两个简单句。根据第一个简单句中的better quality可以判断此处也要用形容词的比较级，故填more energetic。
45. 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：预计未来三年内，中国所有城镇学校都将参与该项目。主句描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，It is expected that...是固定句式，表示“人们期待……”。It是形式主语，all urban schools in China will be taking part in the project within the next three years是真正的主语。这件事备受期待，因此要用被动语态。故填is expected。
【答案】Dear Peter,
How are you I am writing to tell you that we will hold an English talent show to enrich our school life. On behalf of our English Club, I sincerely invite you to attend the activity.
The talent show will be held in the lecture hall this Sunday. As scheduled, colorful activities will be available ranging from an oral English speech to English song performances. What’s more, several English plays will also be on show. I am sure the talent show will be more wonderful if you can join us with your performance.
We are expecting your presence and participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本文是应用文。要求考生邀请外教老师Peter参加学校英语社团将举办的英语才艺展示活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hold→throw
代表：on behalf of→represent
诚挚地：sincerely→earnestly
参加：attend→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：On behalf of our English Club, I sincerely invite you to attend the activity.
拓展句：In order that you can attend the activity, I, on behalf of our English Club, sincerely invite you here.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you that we will hold an English talent show to enrich our school life.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I am sure the talent show will be more wonderful if you can join us with your performance.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）
【答案】
Paragraph 1:
During lunchtime, he gathered his friends and asked them to form a circle. Standing in the middle, Martin announced, “Friends, you are about to see my magic chair here. Watch closely.” Slowly, Martin tried sitting on the chair. But he missed and fell straight onto his backside. Everyone around him burst into laughter. He made another attempt to sit and fell again. This time, there comes a few catcalls. Martin did not give up. He kept trying and fell to the ground. The laughs continued. Squeezing out a bitter smile, he tried again and did not fall this time. He finally experienced the magic.
Paragraph 2:
Now he could find out who were his real friends. Looking around, Martin saw four of his friends, John, Abram, Juli, and Terry carrying him up, so he didn’t fall. At the same time, many others he had thought of as friends were doing nothing but make fun of him, enjoying each and every fall. Martin returned home and narrated the day’s story to his father. Father was happy that he could find his real friends. The next day he bought a new cycle for Martin. Martin realized it was not about the quantity of friends but the quality that mattered.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了男孩马丁自认为有很多朋友，并向家人炫耀。他和父亲打赌，他的父亲通过一把隐形魔法椅子测试谁是真正的朋友，最后马丁感悟到什么是真正的朋友。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“午餐时间，他召集朋友们，让他们围成一个圈。”可知，第一段可描写马丁测试魔法椅子，不断摔倒，最终有一次成功了。
②由第二段首句内容“现在他可以知道谁是他真正的朋友了。”可知，第二段可描写马丁周围的朋友的不同反应以及感悟到什么是真正的朋友。
2.续写线索：马丁有很多朋友——和父亲打赌——隐形椅子测试朋友——不同朋友的反应——真正的朋友
3.词汇激活
行为类
①仔细看：Watch closely/ Observe carefully
②突然大笑：burst into laughter/burst out laughing
③取笑他：make fun of him/make jokes at him
情绪类
①苦笑：a bitter smile/a wry smile
②高兴：happy/delighted
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Squeezing out a bitter smile, he tried again and did not fall this time.（使用了现在分词短语Squeezing out充当伴随状语）
[高分句型2]. Martin realized it was not about the quantity of friends but the quality that mattered.（使用了强调句以及not…but…句式结构）