人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课件 unit3 Environmental Protection Grammar—Direct Speech & Indirect Speech课件(共29张PP

(共29张PPT)
Unit 3 Environment
Protection
直接引语和间接引语
Discovering Useful Structures
—Direct speech & indirect speech
直接引语和间接引语的魅力
We have only one earth but our only earth is being destroyed by some people. Listen! The earth says,“save me!” Yeah, the earth tells us to save it. It is high time we should live in harmony with the earth.
Look at the sentences in both columns and discuss the differences between each pair. Summarise the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech.
Direct speech
1. The expert said,“From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.”
Indirect speech
The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
3.The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.
Indirect speech
The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.
Direct speech
2.The reporter asked,“Will polar bears die out because of climate change ”
3.The reporter asked,“How can we save polar bears from extinction ”
Indirect speech
The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.
Direct speech
4.“Let’s work together to stop climate change,”the expert said.
什么是直接引语和间接引语？
引用别人的话有两种方式：
一种是直接引用别人原句，放在引号里，这叫直接引语；
另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，且不能用引号，这是直接引语；
直接引语如何变间接引语？
直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。
1．连接词的选择
(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
The little boy said,“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”
(直接引语为陈述句)
The little boy said (that) he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.
(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether (...or...或...or not)或if引导。
Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”
(直接引语为一般疑问句)
Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句)
(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“When will the sports meet be held ” he said.
(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)
【注意】
(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为told sb.。
(2)直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
2．人称的变化
(记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said: “I want to have a computer of my own.”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
直接引语如何变间接引语？
2．人称的变化
(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”
→ Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.
2．人称的变化
(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
The workers said,“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”
→ The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
3．时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时句子的时态变化如下表：
直接引语如何变间接引语？
His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.”
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.
The organizers said, “We have begun our plan.”
(直接引语为现在完成时)
→The organizers said that they had begun their plan.
(间接引语为过去完成时)
【注意】
直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言，变间接引语时，时态无变化。
(直接引语为现在进行时)
(间接引语为过去进行时)
4．指示词、状语及动词的变化
指示代词：this变that；these变those
直接引语如何变间接引语？
4．指示词、状语及动词的变化
5.当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时常用ask/tell/
order sb.to do sth.的形式。
“Follow his instructions,” she said to me.
→ She told me to follow his instructions.
直接引语如何变间接引语？
6.若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。
She said, “Don’t make so much noise，children!”
She told the children not to make so much noise.
7.当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/
want sb.＋to do”等结构。
Jack said, “Let’s go to the cinema tonight.”
→ Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.
→ Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
直接引语如何变间接引语？
8．如果直接引语部分是感叹句，改为间接引语时，引导词可以用该感叹句的感叹词(即what或how)引导，也可以用that引导。
She said，“What a lovely day it is！”
→She said what a lovely day it was.
9．若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would，could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。
“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
直接引语如何变间接引语？
活学活用
将直接引语变换为间接引语
1.The patient asked, “Is Dr. Li at the hospital ”
→The patient asked___________Dr. Li was at the hospital.
2.“Who lost the key to the room ” asked Miss Green.
→Miss Green asked_______ had lost the key to the room.
who
whether/if
将直接引语变换为间接引语
3.John said, “Tomorrow I’m going to attend this party.”
→John said (that) the next day ________________ attend this party.
4.She said, “I worked in Shanghai three years ago.”
→She said (that) ________________________ three years before.
she had worked in Shanghai
he was going to
活学活用
将直接引语变换为间接引语
5.My mother said, “The door isn’t locked.”
→My mother said that the door_____________．
6.The patient said, “The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease.”
→The patient said (that) the doctors______________ the mysterious
disease.
7.Tom said, “I am reading in my room.”
→Tom said that he ____________ in his room.
had discussed
wasn’t locked
was reading
活学活用
将直接引语变换为间接引语
8.She cried, “What a crazy idea you have!”
→She cried _____ a crazy idea I had.
9.I asked my roommate, “Would you mind turning the music down ”
→I asked my roommate_______ the music down.
to turn
what
活学活用
单句语法填空
1.The little girl told him that she____________(watch) the wonderful
football match the month before.
2.She said that she __________(write) a letter when he knocked at the door.
3.She said that their train___________(arrive) in five minutes.
had watched
was writing
would arrive
活学活用
单句语法填空
4.My mother asked me____________ I had finished the homework.
5.Tom told me that he would help me with my English ___ next day.
6.The teacher told the boys and girls that the sun _____(rise) in the east.
whether/if
the
rises
活学活用
1.Go over what we have learnt.
2.Finish the Exercises 2&3 on Page 29 and
exercises in this unit on workbook.
Homework