中考英语题型专项复习三
课程主题 专项复习 – 阅读理解
学习目标 阅读理解 - 考点分析，做题技巧，模拟练习
【题型】
细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题
【语篇内容】
语篇内容涉及社会生活的方方面面，除了一般的英语故事外，还有书信、通知、广告、交通图、各种表格等。在体现知识测试的同时，更注重英语的实际应用。
【能力考查】
阅读、理解英语文字信息的能力;
阅读、理解各种图表的能力;
快速阅读能力;
根据上下文猜测英文生词词义的能力;
迅速捕捉文章大意的能力;
分析、判断和独立解决问题的能力。
合理分配和利用时间的能力以及各项能力的综合运用。
【做题思路】
在阅读过程中要把握好文章的中心思想，同时注重篇章的开头和结尾。
要学会读准题目的关键词，尤其注意几个重点的疑问词，比如when, where, what, why, who, how等以及题干中的核心词，
然后回归文章仔细找出关键词或句子，同时还要注意文中句子、短语或单词和选项的同义转换。
【做题技巧】
1 细节理解题 ( 5W1H, 排序等） 忠于原文，联系上下文，理清全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。所以一定要将题干所涉及信息在原文中找到，找出最贴近原话的选项。
2 主旨大意题 （段落大意，标题） 要找准主题句。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落综合归纳分析)，一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。然后根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案。 1) 干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。 2) 干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 3) 干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
3 推理判断题 （观点，态度） 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。
4 词义猜测题 （生词，代词） （1）同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或 or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 （2）反义法如 hot and cold，give and receive 等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 （3）释义法对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。 （4）情景推断法 （5）代词替代法 ……
附：初中英语常见的前缀和后缀
一 前缀 (改变词义）
1. un- 不 unhappy不高兴, unlike不像, unusual不寻常, unfriendly不友好, unbalanced不平衡的, uncover揭露, unwrapped打开的,
2. im- in- 不 impossible不可能的, immoral不道德的, informal不正式的, incomplete 不完全的, incorrect不正确的,
3. bi-两，双 cycle轮子---bicycle自行车
4. com-共同 combine, compete
5. dis-反对，不 discourage使灰心 dislike不喜欢 disorder无秩序 dishonest不诚实的 disappear消失 discover发现
6. ab-不 abnormal不正常的
7. non-非 -nonparty无党派的, -nonverbal非口头的
8. re-再一次 review再一次观看-引申为复习，评论 action行动—reaction反应, replay（re play播放→重放，回放）
二 后缀 （改变词性）
形容词后缀 -less没有 careless粗心的, hopeless没有希望的, countless数不清的, homeless无家可归的, endless无止境的，无尽的, useless没用的, helpless无助的
-ful充满的 careful小心的，认真的, colorful五彩缤纷的, meaningful有意义的, wonderful精彩的, beautiful美丽的, successful成功的, useful有用的的, forgetful健忘的
-ive effective有效的, subjective主观的, objective客观的
-y rainy下雨的; lucky幸运的; cloudy多云的; windy刮风的; snowy下雪的； sunny晴朗的； noisy有噪音的; healthy健康的;
副词后缀 -ly badly坏地, quickly快地, carefully认真地，仔细地, happily高兴地, deeply深深地 lucky ---luckily幸运地 usual---usually通常地 noisy---noisily有噪音地 slow--- slowly慢慢地 angry ---angrily生气地 strong--- strongly强烈地 quiet ---quietly静静地; 特例： true ---truly terrible ---terribly possible ---possibly
名词后缀 -ment行为 excitement兴奋, enjoyment喜欢, movement运动, development发展, treatment对待，治疗, entertainment娱乐, disappointment失望, encouragement 鼓励
-ion invent invention发明; educate, education教育; graduate, graduation毕业; relate, relation关系; operate, operation操作; instruct, instruction指导; translate, translation翻译; inform通知--- information信息; direct指向--- direction方向; suggest, suggestion建议
-ness good, goodness好意; brave勇敢的,braveness(勇敢，华饰)； nervous紧张的, nervousness; nerve神经
-er （表人） teacher老师, cleaner清洁工, runner跑步者, traveler旅行者, winner赢家, singer歌手, writer作家, driver司机, worker工人, leader领导, foreigner外国人, farmer农民
-or（表人） actor演员, inventor发明家, visitor参观者
-ist （表人） tourist观光者, dentist牙医, guitarist吉他手
【1】2023年中考真题
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从26~40各题所给的A，B，C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(A)
My friend keeps copying my look, but I like looking special. What should I do —Ann The important thing is to tell your friend the truth without hurting her feelings. To do that, you can talk to her using kind words and not feeling angry. You can offer her your advice on popular dressing or even suggest wearing clothes that go together. This way you’ll still look like each other, but not twins! My room is always messy. No matter what I do, I can’t keep it clean!—Mike Here are some great ways to make your room a bit tidier. Start by picking up things you don’t use or want anymore. You can give them away to those in need. Less things means less mess! Then, try to make it a habit to put away things after you use them. Done with your sports shoes for the day Back where they should be. Finally, set a timer for five minutes each night to clean any mess! I’m sad because I have to go to a summer camp. I just want to have a summer like my friends. Help me out!—Jessie We’re sorry you’re feeling this way! The best thing to do is to look at things on the bright side. There, a new group of kids will become your friends. They’ll know exactly how you feel and help you. What’s more, going to a summer camp doesn’t mean a terrible summer. You’ll still have fun in the sun with your friends. The only question is, what are you guys going to do together
26. Who might be most interested in reading this passage
A. Young sports lovers. B. Teenagers in need of help.
C. Summer camp planners. D. Kids looking for dressing ideas.
27. What problem does Mike need to solve
A. Having an unwanted holiday plan. B. Failing to manage his time wisely.
C. Not knowing how to tidy his room. D. Unable to get on well with his friends.
28. What advice does the writer give to Jessie
A. Tell your parents how you feel. B. Be ready to help other students.
C. Study harder in the summer camp. D. See the advantage of what you dislike.
(B)
Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class’ Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.
So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot.
Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索) and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema.
Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder’s last resting place.
I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited.
“To the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said.
“No, wait!” Amy said. “I’ve read about it. The founder was buried near the library.”
“Wow. I’ve walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!”
“Good job! That will save valuable time, ” Cindy smiled at Amy.
“We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near.
“I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved.
“No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed.
A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around!
“The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run…
Now they’d got the final clue: Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and you’ll be a star!
Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard.
“Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil.
As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.
They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line-just one step behind the Red Team!
“So…close…” Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together.
“Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five.
“That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.”
“Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling.
29. What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy
A. She didn’t want to play the game. B. She was a new student in her class.
C. She was a member of the Red Team. D. She didn’t understand the game rules.
30. Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last
A. He ran fastest in the team. B. They didn’t know the way.
C. They trusted his rich experience. D. He was best at playing the game.
31. Where was the finish line of the game
A. In the park. B. Next to the post office.
C. In front of the cinema. D. Outside the library.
32. Why did Amy smile at the end of the story
A. Her team came in first. B. She was accepted as a friend.
C. She no longer felt nervous. D. There would be a game soon.
(C)
Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind
For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate.
To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer!
33. Why do scientists think a robot needs a face
A. It will become more beautiful. B. It can do better in lifting things.
C. It will pay more attention to children. D. It can better communicate with people.
34. What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2
A. Uncomfortable to look at. B. Impossible to touch.
C. Boring to talk to. D. Difficult to understand.
35. Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with
A. People should treat robots as humans.
B. Robots need to express their own feelings.
C. Robots shouldn't look too much like humans.
D. People can easily accept robots with a human face.
36. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.
B. To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.
C. To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.
D. To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.
(D)
People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past
Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.
Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker.
As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
37. Why did dictionary writers read important books
A. To know more about the period. B. To collect words and their uses.
C. To understand different subjects. D. To learn to use interesting words.
38. Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past
A. ①-③-④-② B. ①-②-④-③ C. ③-④-②-① D. ③-①-④-②
39. What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past
A. It should be done by historians. B. It was a task of inventing and recording.
C. It was long-time hard work. D. It had to use the law-making rules.
40. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication
A. Be open to the new uses of words. B. Follow the dictionary strictly.
C. Use online dictionaries instead. D. Try to create new words.
【2】2022年中考真题
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
(A)
When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.
The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.
The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships.
26. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To discuss why people help each other. B. To describe the problems of giving help.
C. To introduce the advantages of giving help. D. To explain how we can help others properly.
27. What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean
A Require. B. Discover. C. Suggest. D. Remember.
28. What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A. Act as a good listener to your friends. B. Learn how to give advice to your friends.
C. Pay attention to your friends’ unusual acts. D. Build good relationships with your friends.
29. According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don’t follow your advice on their serious problems
A. Keep their problems as secrets. B. Let them make their own decisions.
C. Find out the causes of their problems. D. Get help from their trusted teachers.
(B)
Slowly but surely, Amy and her grandparents were making progress. Boxes of all sizes were placed on top of each other throughout the house. Amy’s grandparents had lived in the house for years and they had collected many things.
The dining room was full of memories. Amy’s grandfather kept many fine dinner plates（盘子）from his hometown. Amy remembered that they ate from the red, yellow, and blue plates during important holidays.
After carefully wrapping up（包裹）the plates and putting them into a box, Amy lifted it up and moved it out of the way. But the box was too heavy. It suddenly fell from her arms and dropped to the floor. All three of them heard the plates shatter.
“ I’m sorry! ” Amy apologised.
“ It’s okay, ” her grandfather said quietly. “ It was an accident. ”
They opened the box and, sure enough, many of the plates were broken. Only a few remained whole. Looking at the small pieces, Amy felt really terrible. She knew these plates were passed down from her great grandparents and …
“ Don’t worry, ” her grandmother said, patting her on the back. Carefully, they put the broken pieces into a rubbish bag.
They continued packing for a little while, but Amy still felt very sorry. She was trying very hard to think of a way to make it up for her grandparents.
Soon, Amy’s father came.
“ I have to go, ” she said. “ Dad is here to pick me up. ”
She kissed her grandparents both, picked up the bag of the broken pieces and left.
“ What’s that ” her father asked, as Amy climbed into the car.
Amy looked at the bag in her hands as an idea came to her. “ This, ” she said, “ is an art project. ”
The following day, Amy went to an art store and bought everything she needed. Then she started to work. She used a thin board as the base. Then she took out the colourful plate pieces and glued them in a creative way on the board. When it was dry, Amy wrapped it up.
A few days later, Amy’s family had a big dinner at her grandparents’ new house. She handed her gift to her grandparents.
“ This is fantastic, Amy! ” said her grandfather.
“ I can’t wait to hang it up in our new home, ” Amy’s grandmother said as she gave her a big hug.
30. What was Amy helping her grandparents do at the beginning of the story
A. Move to a new house. B. Wrap up some presents.
C. Collect fine dinner plates. D. Prepare a big family dinner.
31. Why did Amy feel sorry for the broken plates
A. They were never used by the family. B. They were valuable holiday presents.
C. They were meaningful family treasures. D. They were expensive hometown products.
32. How did Amy finally deal with the broken plate pieces
A. She sent them to an art store. B. She put them in her father’s car.
C. She made a special gift with them. D. She threw them into a rubbish bag.
33. Which of the following best describes Amy
A. Kind and creative. B. Brave but forgetful.
C. Careless but helpful. D. Funny and hardworking.
(C)
Charles Darwin
Early years
Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.
The Beagle
In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).
Down house
At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.
Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.
34. What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine
A. He didn’t like seeing blood. B. He found the studies too difficult.
C. He was pushed to give up by his family. D. He was advised to study natural science.
35. Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin
A. It helped him to finish his study at the university.
B. It allowed him to change his mind about his future.
C. It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life.
D. It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship.
36. In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life
a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836.
b. He thought the public would not support his ideas.
c. He became interested in studying the natural world.
d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species.
e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world.
f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited.
A. e→f→c→a→b→d B. c→e→f→a→b→d
C. e→f→a→c→d→b D. c→e→f→d→a→b
37 Why did the writer include the last paragraph
A. To introduce Darwin’s famous book.
B. To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day.
C. To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas.
D. To show Darwin’s influence on natural science.
(D)
Imagine you are in a new city. You ask someone how to get to a bookstore. They tell you to go straight turn left, and you will find it on your left. In fact, you can also find your way with a phone. Now imagine you are in an outdoor game. You only have a map and a compass, and instead of running down a city road, you may need to run around in the woods, climb over rocks and go up and down hills. Welcome to orienteering! In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations. These stations are called controls. A special flag, usually in bright colours, marks each control. Controls are not easy to find. They may be in front of a big rock or behind a tree. In most of the games, you’ll have to find controls in numbered order, but in some games you can change the order. At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways ( See Figure 1 ). The cards are very important because players must find all the controls to win. If someone misses a control, they won’t have that mark on their cards. They might cross the finish line first, but the next person to finish with a full card will win the game. Orienteering Control Card Culture Note: The first compass was invented by ancient Chinese people. It helps you find your way by always pointing to the North.NameStart timeCourseAgeClassFinish time1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 1011 12
Figure 1
38. What will players carry in the game
A. A map, a compass and a flag. B. A flag, a compass and a card.
C. A compass, a map and a card. D. A phone, a compass and a map.
39. Which of the following is a rule of the game
A. You don’t need to mark the cards. B. You can’t miss any of the controls to win.
C. You have to find controls in numbered order.
D. You must be the first to pass the finish line to win.
40. How many controls has Anna finished in the game
A. 9. B. 10. C. 11. D. 12.中考英语题型专项复习三
课程主题 专项复习 – 阅读理解
学习目标 阅读理解 - 考点分析，做题技巧，模拟练习
【题型】
细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题
【语篇内容】
语篇内容涉及社会生活的方方面面，除了一般的英语故事外，还有书信、通知、广告、交通图、各种表格等。在体现知识测试的同时，更注重英语的实际应用。
【能力考查】
阅读、理解英语文字信息的能力;
阅读、理解各种图表的能力;
快速阅读能力;
根据上下文猜测英文生词词义的能力;
迅速捕捉文章大意的能力;
分析、判断和独立解决问题的能力。
合理分配和利用时间的能力以及各项能力的综合运用。
【做题思路】
在阅读过程中要把握好文章的中心思想，同时注重篇章的开头和结尾。
要学会读准题目的关键词，尤其注意几个重点的疑问词，比如when, where, what, why, who, how等以及题干中的核心词，
然后回归文章仔细找出关键词或句子，同时还要注意文中句子、短语或单词和选项的同义转换。
【做题技巧】
1 细节理解题 ( 5W1H, 排序等） 忠于原文，联系上下文，理清全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。所以一定要将题干所涉及信息在原文中找到，找出最贴近原话的选项。
2 主旨大意题 （段落大意，标题） 要找准主题句。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落综合归纳分析)，一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。然后根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案。 1) 干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。 2) 干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 3) 干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
3 推理判断题 （观点，态度） 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。
4 词义猜测题 （生词，代词） （1）同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或 or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 （2）反义法如 hot and cold，give and receive 等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 （3）释义法对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。 （4）情景推断法 （5）代词替代法 ……
附：初中英语常见的前缀和后缀
一 前缀 (改变词义）
1. un- 不 unhappy不高兴, unlike不像, unusual不寻常, unfriendly不友好, unbalanced不平衡的, uncover揭露, unwrapped打开的,
2. im- in- 不 impossible不可能的, immoral不道德的, informal不正式的, incomplete 不完全的, incorrect不正确的,
3. bi-两，双 cycle轮子---bicycle自行车
4. com-共同 combine, compete
5. dis-反对，不 discourage使灰心 dislike不喜欢 disorder无秩序 dishonest不诚实的 disappear消失 discover发现
6. ab-不 abnormal不正常的
7. non-非 -nonparty无党派的, -nonverbal非口头的
8. re-再一次 review再一次观看-引申为复习，评论 action行动—reaction反应, replay（re play播放→重放，回放）
二 后缀 （改变词性）
形容词后缀 -less没有 careless粗心的, hopeless没有希望的, countless数不清的, homeless无家可归的, endless无止境的，无尽的, useless没用的, helpless无助的
-ful充满的 careful小心的，认真的, colorful五彩缤纷的, meaningful有意义的, wonderful精彩的, beautiful美丽的, successful成功的, useful有用的的, forgetful健忘的
-ive effective有效的, subjective主观的, objective客观的
-y rainy下雨的; lucky幸运的; cloudy多云的; windy刮风的; snowy下雪的； sunny晴朗的； noisy有噪音的; healthy健康的;
副词后缀 -ly badly坏地, quickly快地, carefully认真地，仔细地, happily高兴地, deeply深深地 lucky ---luckily幸运地 usual---usually通常地 noisy---noisily有噪音地 slow--- slowly慢慢地 angry ---angrily生气地 strong--- strongly强烈地 quiet ---quietly静静地; 特例： true ---truly terrible ---terribly possible ---possibly
名词后缀 -ment行为 excitement兴奋, enjoyment喜欢, movement运动, development发展, treatment对待，治疗, entertainment娱乐, disappointment失望, encouragement 鼓励
-ion invent invention发明; educate, education教育; graduate, graduation毕业; relate, relation关系; operate, operation操作; instruct, instruction指导; translate, translation翻译; inform通知--- information信息; direct指向--- direction方向; suggest, suggestion建议
-ness good, goodness好意; brave勇敢的,braveness(勇敢，华饰)； nervous紧张的, nervousness; nerve神经
-er （表人） teacher老师, cleaner清洁工, runner跑步者, traveler旅行者, winner赢家, singer歌手, writer作家, driver司机, worker工人, leader领导, foreigner外国人, farmer农民
-or（表人） actor演员, inventor发明家, visitor参观者
-ist （表人） tourist观光者, dentist牙医, guitarist吉他手
【1】2023年中考真题
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从26~40各题所给的A，B，C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(A)
My friend keeps copying my look, but I like looking special. What should I do —Ann The important thing is to tell your friend the truth without hurting her feelings. To do that, you can talk to her using kind words and not feeling angry. You can offer her your advice on popular dressing or even suggest wearing clothes that go together. This way you’ll still look like each other, but not twins! My room is always messy. No matter what I do, I can’t keep it clean!—Mike Here are some great ways to make your room a bit tidier. Start by picking up things you don’t use or want anymore. You can give them away to those in need. Less things means less mess! Then, try to make it a habit to put away things after you use them. Done with your sports shoes for the day Back where they should be. Finally, set a timer for five minutes each night to clean any mess! I’m sad because I have to go to a summer camp. I just want to have a summer like my friends. Help me out!—Jessie We’re sorry you’re feeling this way! The best thing to do is to look at things on the bright side. There, a new group of kids will become your friends. They’ll know exactly how you feel and help you. What’s more, going to a summer camp doesn’t mean a terrible summer. You’ll still have fun in the sun with your friends. The only question is, what are you guys going to do together
26. Who might be most interested in reading this passage
A. Young sports lovers. B. Teenagers in need of help.
C. Summer camp planners. D. Kids looking for dressing ideas.
27. What problem does Mike need to solve
A. Having an unwanted holiday plan. B. Failing to manage his time wisely.
C. Not knowing how to tidy his room. D. Unable to get on well with his friends.
28. What advice does the writer give to Jessie
A. Tell your parents how you feel. B. Be ready to help other students.
C. Study harder in the summer camp. D. See the advantage of what you dislike.
【答案】26. B 27. C 28. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是三个青少年的问题以及作者给出的建议。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据“What should I do —Ann”、“My room is always messy. No matter what I do, I can’t keep it clean!—Mike”和“I’m sad because I have to go to a summer camp. I just want to have a summer like my friends. Help me out!—Jessie”可知需要帮助的青少年对这篇文章最感兴趣，故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“My room is always messy. No matter what I do, I can’t keep it clean!—Mike”可知Mike不知道如何整理他房间。故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“We’re sorry you’re feeling this way! The best thing to do is to look at things on the bright side.”可知作者建议Jessie要看到事物好的一面，故选D。
(B)
Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class’ Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.
So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot.
Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索) and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema.
Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder’s last resting place.
I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited.
“To the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said.
“No, wait!” Amy said. “I’ve read about it. The founder was buried near the library.”
“Wow. I’ve walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!”
“Good job! That will save valuable time, ” Cindy smiled at Amy.
“We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near.
“I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved.
“No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed.
A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around!
“The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run…
Now they’d got the final clue: Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and you’ll be a star!
Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard.
“Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil.
As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.
They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line-just one step behind the Red Team!
“So…close…” Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together.
“Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five.
“That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.”
“Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling.
29. What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy
A. She didn’t want to play the game. B. She was a new student in her class.
C. She was a member of the Red Team. D. She didn’t understand the game rules.
30. Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last
A. He ran fastest in the team. B. They didn’t know the way.
C. They trusted his rich experience. D. He was best at playing the game.
31. Where was the finish line of the game
A. In the park. B. Next to the post office.
C. In front of the cinema. D. Outside the library.
32. Why did Amy smile at the end of the story
A. Her team came in first. B. She was accepted as a friend.
C. She no longer felt nervous. D. There would be a game soon.
【答案】29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了艾米在新的团队中发挥了作用，最终她被当作朋友接受的故事。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据“This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.”以及“So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town.”可推断艾米是班里的新学生。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Henry said. ‘You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.’ The others finally agreed.”（亨利说。“你知道我总是迟到。我知道城里所有的近路。”其他人最终同意了。）可知团队最后让亨利带路是相信他丰富的经验。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索)”可知最开始的地方是在公园；根据“Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and you’ll be a star!”（看看你去过哪里，看看你在哪里。明智地使用你的地图，你将成为一个明星！）结合图片可知，走过的路线要形成一个五角星，结合“As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.”和“They began running back to where they started.”可知比赛的终点线在公园，故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“‘So…close…’ Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together.”以及“I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.”可知，艾米在故事的结尾笑了是因为她被当作朋友接受了。故选B。
(C)
Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind
For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate.
To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer!
33. Why do scientists think a robot needs a face
A. It will become more beautiful. B. It can do better in lifting things.
C. It will pay more attention to children. D. It can better communicate with people.
34. What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2
A. Uncomfortable to look at. B. Impossible to touch.
C. Boring to talk to. D. Difficult to understand.
35. Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with
A. People should treat robots as humans.
B. Robots need to express their own feelings.
C. Robots shouldn't look too much like humans.
D. People can easily accept robots with a human face.
36. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.
B. To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.
C. To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.
D. To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.
【答案】33. D 34. A 35. D 36. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍两个人对机器人是否要有人形脸持有的不同看法。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face.”可知要与人交流，故需要脸。故选D。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid.”可知划线词与“feel afraid”并列，结合选项可知应是“看着不舒服”。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据“He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it.”可知尽管机器人有人形脸可能一开始看起来令人害怕，但是我们会很快适应，说明人们能轻松地接受人形脸的机器人。故选D。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讨论机器人需要什么脸型，C项符合。故选C。
(D)
People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past
Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.
Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker.
As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
37. Why did dictionary writers read important books
A. To know more about the period. B. To collect words and their uses.
C. To understand different subjects. D. To learn to use interesting words.
38. Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past
A. ①-③-④-② B. ①-②-④-③ C. ③-④-②-① D. ③-①-④-②
39. What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past
A. It should be done by historians. B. It was a task of inventing and recording.
C. It was long-time hard work. D. It had to use the law-making rules.
40. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication
A. Be open to the new uses of words. B. Follow the dictionary strictly.
C. Use online dictionaries instead. D. Try to create new words.
【答案】37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了过去词典是如何制作的。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据“As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected.”（当他们阅读时，他们把必要的信息抄写在卡片上：有趣的单词，常见的单词——包括日常使用和不常用的单词，以及使用这些单词的句子。也就是说，这些单词以及每个单词的用法都被收集了起来。）可推知词典编纂者要读重要的书籍是为了收集单词及其用法，故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words-both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used.”、“As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). ”、“Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word.”、“Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.”可知，过去制作字典首先把有趣单词，日常使用和不寻常使用的常见单词，以及使用它们的句子记在卡片上；然后收集卡片时，按字母顺序（A-Z）排列；其次筛选卡片，根据词典编纂者认为的单词的常用用法将卡片分开；最后是按照硬性规定写下了定义，每个定义都必须来自他面前某张卡片上的一个例子。所以正确的步骤是③-①-④-②。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据“For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected.”（对于一本真正的大字典来说，收集了数百万张这样的卡片。）可知过去编纂词典是一项长期艰苦的工作。故选C。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.”可知作者建议大家在使用词典时不能被它所控制，因为新的情况、新的经历、新的发明和新的感受总是在推动我们对旧词赋予新的用途，也就是接受词汇的新用法。故选A。
【2】2022年中考真题
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从26~40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(A)
When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.
The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.
The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships.
26. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To discuss why people help each other. B. To describe the problems of giving help.
C. To introduce the advantages of giving help. D. To explain how we can help others properly.
27. What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean
A Require. B. Discover. C. Suggest. D. Remember.
28. What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A. Act as a good listener to your friends. B. Learn how to give advice to your friends.
C. Pay attention to your friends’ unusual acts. D. Build good relationships with your friends.
29. According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don’t follow your advice on their serious problems
A. Keep their problems as secrets. B. Let them make their own decisions.
C. Find out the causes of their problems. D. Get help from their trusted teachers.
【答案】26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述用正确的方式帮助朋友的建议。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways”可知，文章主要为了讲述帮助朋友意味着什么，怎样以正确的方式帮助朋友。故选D。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well”可知，确认什么时候帮助朋友是重要的，“identify”表达“识别，确认”，相当于“discover”。故选B。
【28题详解】
段落大意题。根据“The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life”可知，第三段讲述帮助朋友接下来的一步是做一个好的聆听者。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives”可知，如果在很严重的问题上朋友不听取你的建议，你应该努力弄懂朋友的感受和经历，努力从他们的角度看问题。可知需要弄清楚问题的原因。故选C。
(B)
Slowly but surely, Amy and her grandparents were making progress. Boxes of all sizes were placed on top of each other throughout the house. Amy’s grandparents had lived in the house for years and they had collected many things.
The dining room was full of memories. Amy’s grandfather kept many fine dinner plates（盘子）from his hometown. Amy remembered that they ate from the red, yellow, and blue plates during important holidays.
After carefully wrapping up（包裹）the plates and putting them into a box, Amy lifted it up and moved it out of the way. But the box was too heavy. It suddenly fell from her arms and dropped to the floor. All three of them heard the plates shatter.
“ I’m sorry! ” Amy apologised.
“ It’s okay, ” her grandfather said quietly. “ It was an accident. ”
They opened the box and, sure enough, many of the plates were broken. Only a few remained whole. Looking at the small pieces, Amy felt really terrible. She knew these plates were passed down from her great grandparents and …
“ Don’t worry, ” her grandmother said, patting her on the back. Carefully, they put the broken pieces into a rubbish bag.
They continued packing for a little while, but Amy still felt very sorry. She was trying very hard to think of a way to make it up for her grandparents.
Soon, Amy’s father came.
“ I have to go, ” she said. “ Dad is here to pick me up. ”
She kissed her grandparents both, picked up the bag of the broken pieces and left.
“ What’s that ” her father asked, as Amy climbed into the car.
Amy looked at the bag in her hands as an idea came to her. “ This, ” she said, “ is an art project. ”
The following day, Amy went to an art store and bought everything she needed. Then she started to work. She used a thin board as the base. Then she took out the colourful plate pieces and glued them in a creative way on the board. When it was dry, Amy wrapped it up.
A few days later, Amy’s family had a big dinner at her grandparents’ new house. She handed her gift to her grandparents.
“ This is fantastic, Amy! ” said her grandfather.
“ I can’t wait to hang it up in our new home, ” Amy’s grandmother said as she gave her a big hug.
30. What was Amy helping her grandparents do at the beginning of the story
A. Move to a new house. B. Wrap up some presents.
C. Collect fine dinner plates. D. Prepare a big family dinner.
31. Why did Amy feel sorry for the broken plates
A. They were never used by the family. B. They were valuable holiday presents.
C. They were meaningful family treasures. D. They were expensive hometown products.
32. How did Amy finally deal with the broken plate pieces
A. She sent them to an art store. B. She put them in her father’s car.
C. She made a special gift with them. D. She threw them into a rubbish bag.
33. Which of the following best describes Amy
A. Kind and creative. B. Brave but forgetful.
C. Careless but helpful. D. Funny and hardworking.
【答案】30. A 31. C 32. C 33. A
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述艾米帮祖父母搬家的时候打破了盘子，她感到很内疚，她用碎片制作了一份礼物送给了祖父母。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Slowly but surely, Amy and her grandparents were making progress. Boxes of all sizes were placed on top of each other throughout the house”及第三段“After carefully wrapping up the plates and putting them into a box, Amy lifted it up and moved it out of the way”可知，艾米帮祖父母把东西打包搬家。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“She knew these plates were passed down from her great grandparents”可知，这些盘子是从祖祖父母那里传下来的，可知是有意义的家族财宝。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“she took out the colourful plate pieces and glued them in a creative way on the board. When it was dry, Amy wrapped it up”及倒数第三段“She handed her gift to her grandparents”可知，她用破碎的盘子制作了一份礼物。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。文章讲述艾米帮祖父母搬家的时候打破了盘子，她感到很内疚，她用碎片制作了一份礼物送给了祖父母。可推断艾米非常善良非常有创意。故选A。
(C)
Charles Darwin
Early years
Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.
The Beagle
In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).
Down house
At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.
Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.
34. What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine
A. He didn’t like seeing blood. B. He found the studies too difficult.
C. He was pushed to give up by his family. D. He was advised to study natural science.
35. Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin
A. It helped him to finish his study at the university.
B. It allowed him to change his mind about his future.
C. It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life.
D. It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship.
36. In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life
a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836.
b. He thought the public would not support his ideas.
c. He became interested in studying the natural world.
d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species.
e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world.
f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited.
A. e→f→c→a→b→d B. c→e→f→a→b→d C. e→f→a→c→d→b D. c→e→f→d→a→b
37 Why did the writer include the last paragraph
A. To introduce Darwin’s famous book.
B. To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day.
C. To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas.
D. To show Darwin’s influence on natural science.
【答案】34. A 35. C 36. B 37. D
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经历。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor”可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据“he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals”可知，他对学习自然世界感兴趣。根据“one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行。根据“he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited”可知，他在岛上研究植物和动物。根据“When he finally arrived back in Britain”可知，他回到英国。根据“he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans”可知，他认为大众不会支持他的想法。根据“Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的顺序是c→e→f→a→b→d。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学。可推断最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。
(D)
Imagine you are in a new city. You ask someone how to get to a bookstore. They tell you to go straight turn left, and you will find it on your left. In fact, you can also find your way with a phone. Now imagine you are in an outdoor game. You only have a map and a compass, and instead of running down a city road, you may need to run around in the woods, climb over rocks and go up and down hills. Welcome to orienteering! In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations. These stations are called controls. A special flag, usually in bright colours, marks each control. Controls are not easy to find. They may be in front of a big rock or behind a tree. In most of the games, you’ll have to find controls in numbered order, but in some games you can change the order. At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways ( See Figure 1 ). The cards are very important because players must find all the controls to win. If someone misses a control, they won’t have that mark on their cards. They might cross the finish line first, but the next person to finish with a full card will win the game. Orienteering Control Card Culture Note: The first compass was invented by ancient Chinese people. It helps you find your way by always pointing to the North.NameStart timeCourseAgeClassFinish time1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 1011 12
Figure 1
38. What will players carry in the game
A. A map, a compass and a flag. B. A flag, a compass and a card.
C. A compass, a map and a card. D. A phone, a compass and a map.
39. Which of the following is a rule of the game
A. You don’t need to mark the cards.
B. You can’t miss any of the controls to win.
C. You have to find controls in numbered order.
D. You must be the first to pass the finish line to win.
40. How many controls has Anna finished in the game
A. 9. B. 10. C. 11. D. 12.
【答案】38. C 39. B 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述定向运动游戏的具体操作说明。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations”及“At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways”可知，在游戏中，需要携带一张地图，一个指南针和一张卡片。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据“If someone misses a control, they won’t have that mark on their card”，可知如果错过了一个控制点，就不会在卡片上得到那个得分，可知不能错过赢的任何控制点。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据表格的控制点有1到5,7到9，以及11到12，可知共完成10个控制点。故选B。
