2024届高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019） 必修 第一册Unit 4 & 5单元训练卷3（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019） 必修 第一册Unit 4 & 5单元训练卷3（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-08-22 09:27:31 | ||
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必修一 Unit4-Unit5
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解
A
The Analysis of Friendship with Robin Dunbar
Friendship is the single most important thing that affects our psychological and our physical health and well-being. It’s also very expensive because, if we want friendships to work for us, we have to invest a lot of time in keeping them. In this online talk, Robin Dunbar will explain how our brains create friendships for us.
About the speaker:
Robin Dunbar is Professor of Evolutionary Psychology at the University of Oxford. He spent the first half of his career studying the social behavior of monkeys and antelopes in Africa, and the second half studying humans. He has published 400 science journal articles. Besides, he has contributed to many radio and TV science documentaries, and has written a dozen popular science books.
What’s included in your ticket:
● Live lecture lasting 60 minutes including Q& A with Robin Dunbar On-demand access to a recording of the lecture and Q&A for 12 months Booking information:
● This online event will start at 6 p. m. on Thursday 21, October 2021 and will last for one hour. Access to a recording of the event will be available to ticket purchasers for the 12months following the live event.
● A ticket costs you thirteen dollars. We’ll email you a confirmation immediately after purchase. You’ll receive a separate email with a link to access the event auditorium (礼堂) before the event. Please note that each link is unique and shouldn’t be shared.
● New Scientist Ltd reserves the right to change the event and its line-up, or cancel the event. In the unlikely event of cancellation, all tickets will be fully refunded. New Scientist Ltd won’t be responsible for any additional expenses caused by ticket holders in relation to the event.
1. What will the online talk be mainly about
A. The expenses of friendship. B. The formation of friendship.
C. The problems of friendship. D. The importance of friendship.
2. What achievement has Robin Dunbar already made
A. He has collected many science documentaries.
B. He has published twelve popular science books.
C. He has given many inspirational speeches online.
D. He has written over 400 papers on social behavior.
3. Which of the following will be given to the ticket holders
A. A sixty-minute-long live lecture.
B. Access to the speaker’s writings.
C. A chance to interview the speaker.
D. Involvement in recording the lecture.
B
On August 25, Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Southern Texas. The storm lasted for days, pouring almost 52 inches of rain. The downpour has caused widespread flooding, forcing more than 32,000 people into shelters and damaging the city’s water supply system.
The only silver lining is that disasters like these seemed to unite people. While the number of organizations and individuals that have gone all out to assist the victims is too many to list, here are some highlights of the outpouring of support that has made headlines this past week.
A week ago, NFI player JJ Watt set up a website with a goal to raise $200,000. Soon he has collected over $18 million, and the donations keep pouring in. The thrilled football star wants to ensure the money is used where needed, saying, “We’re trying to make sure it goes directly to the people. So our first wave of operation is we'll have nine semi-trucks going out there and I will go straight into the communities and hand stuff out there.”
Ordinary individuals are not shying away from helping either. Jim McIngvale, the owner of a furniture store, turned his two 100,000-square-foot warehouse into shelters. When asked if he was concerned about the furniture that was being used by those living there, he responded, “These people are nice. They’re taking care of the furniture. Furniture’s made to be sat on, slept on or laid on. It’s just a product.”
There are also many unsung heroes that are putting their lives at risk to help others. After discovering an elderly man trapped inside his truck, local people made a human chain through the dangerous water to drag him to safety.
While there is not much anyone could have done to prevent the loss, people across the US are doing everything they can to help its people recover.
4. Which can best replace the underlined words “silver lining” in paragraph 2
A. problem B. opportunity
C. solution D. comfort
5. How did JJ Watt most probably feel about the donation
A. Disappointed B. Confused.
C. Unexpected. D. Dissatisfied.
6. What did Jim McIngvale do to help the victims in the disaster
A. He helped to save them from drowning.
B. He offered them a place to live in.
C. He provided work for them in his store.
D. He rented furniture to them cheaply.
7. What spirit does the author mainly intend to praise
A. Determination. B. Selflessness.
C. Honesty. D. Bravery.
C
Stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.
You cannot be successful without first developing your self-confidence. Your level of self-confidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are always victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.
Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify(确定) the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
In all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it. You are on the road to success.
8. People with low self-confidence are compared to leaves because they ______.
A. don’t have the power to face their lives
B. are ready to change their minds
C. can’t exercise control over themselves
D. are easily affected by windy weather
9. Losers would think that ______.
A. they fail only because of bad luck
B. they don’t make efforts to succeed
C. success is the result of hard work
D. working hard will lead to success
10. It can be inferred from the fifth paragraph that ______.
A. what we believe in is the result of creative mind
B. whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes
C. setting our expectations is vital before taking action
D. knowing cause and effect is the key to future success
11. The last paragraph serves as ______.
A. an introduction to another topic
B. a comparison between two views
C. the proof of the author’s points
D. the conclusion of the argument
D
People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are too many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the difficulties are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn only makes more sense when learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first language, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages easily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner’s motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.
Obviously, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which uses a similar alphabet to English but has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. However, Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to learn it.
Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. Therefore, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.
12. What can we infer from the first paragraph
A. The question of how hard a language is to learn is only applicable to first language acquisition.
B. The question of how hard a language is to learn is only applicable to second language acquisition.
C. The question of how hard a language is to learn is applicable to both first and second language acquisition.
D. There are too many languages in the world so it’s difficult to say which one is the most difficult to learn.
13. Which language will a native Portuguese speaker probably find easier to learn
A. Chinese, because Portuguese use Chinese characters in their own language .
B. Japanese, because it is similar to their own language.
C. Spanish, because it also uses Roman alphabet.
D. Anyone but Chinese, because its pronunciation is very difficult.
14. What does the underlined word “circumstances” refer to in Paragraph 3
A. A particular situation or environment.
B. The degree of education that somebody has obtained.
C. Teachers’ encouragement.
D. Professional training.
15. The author is most likely to agree ______
A. many British diplomats learn Tabassaran.
B. Hungarian’s grammatical complexity causes problems for native British speakers.
C. Tabassaran is the hardest language to learn in the world for native European speakers.
D. learning a different writing system is very easy for British speakers.
二、七选五
Forest fires burn thousands of acres of land each year.They destroy animal and human homes, killing many creatures in their path. ___16___ They make forests healthier by clearing out deadwood, making room for new trees.The heat of a fire is needed by some seeds before they can begin to grow. But, good or bad, forest fires need to be controlled.
___17___ Firefighters rely on teamwork.This group of firefighters, known as a hand crew, will work together with a bulldozer(推土机) and a helicopter.The crew hike into the woods to cut a fire line.A fire line is a path through the forest stripped of all plants. Soil doesn’t burn, so the fire won’t cross this line if the line is wide enough.
___18___ Using chain saws, the first two crew members cut the big wood out of the path. Next come two swampers, who clear away the wood.The next firefighters in line break up the ground and hack at the remaining plants. Last come firefighters with shovels and other hand tools. ___19___
To make sure the fire won’t jump the line, a bulldozer follows the hand crew. In one pass, the bulldozer triples the width of the fire line. The hand crew follow the bulldozer to remove any plants left behind.
___20___ A huge rubber bucket is carried beneath the helicopter. With the flick of a switch, the pilot releases the bottom of the bucket, and water pours to the ground.
A. But some forest fires also do good.
B. Forest fires do great harm to nature.
C. The hand crew work in a long line.
D. Let’s see what it means to be a forest firefighter.
E. The work of firefighters is hard as well as dangerous.
F. If the fire threatens to jump the line, the crew call in the helicopter.
G. As each firefighter takes a swing at the ground, the fire line gets better.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Monday morning around 9:30 a. m, 28-year-old Ben Delahunty’s hiking partner put in a call to report that his friend was ___21___ under a large stone in the area of Lake Viviane in Washington.
He said his friend’s wrist was stuck by the stone and it was also ___22___ his legs, but they were not able to immediately move the boulder as it was ___23___ the size of a refrigerator. They initially felt really ___24___ on the large stone-but all of a sudden it started to ___25___ and he ended up underneath it.
The rescue proved ___26___ for officials. They were nearly on a cliff (悬) side and the stone was also being held in place by a tree. The scene presented a unique challenge of getting ___27___ capable of moving the stone as well as rescuers on the scene ___28___.
The State Emergency Management requested a helicopter to help. Additionally, local fire departments were also ___29___. The crews immediately found this rescue had more challenges. The officials needed ropes to safely ___30___ the hiker’s location as there was a risk of falling while ___31___ the stone.
However, due to challenging ___32___ conditions, including heavy winds, the first attempt to lift him into the helicopter was ___33___. At 4:45 p. m. there was enough of a ___34___ in the weather to allow them to attempt another operation. ___35___, they were successful and transported Mr. Delahunty to the hospital.
21. A. trapped B. discovered C. hurt D. murdered
22. A. underneath B. beyond C. across D. behind
23. A. completely B. approximately C. exactly D. merely
24. A. natural B. stable C. dangerous D. comfortable
25. A. disappear B. float C. crash D. slide
26. A. stubborn B. regular C. tough D. impossible
27. A. wind B. rope C. partner D. equipment
28. A. in total B. in time C. in order D. in public
29. A. contacted B. refused C. awarded D. rewarded
30. A. record B. access C. observe D. check
31. A. dealing with B. leaving behind C. packing up D. blowing away
32. A. land B. living C. health D. weather
33. A. meaningful B. remarkable C. unsuccessful D. promising
34. A. break B. hit C. sign D. delay
35. A. Usually B. Instantly C. Finally D. Surprisingly
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many pieces of beautiful pottery (陶器) were discovered in Luoyang, Henan Province, ___36___ there were a few tombs of the Tang Dynasty, when a railway was in the process of being constructed in 1899. The pieces of pottery were either in yellow, green and white colors ___37___ in yellow, green and brown colors.
Because they were found from tombs of the Tang Dynasty, they were called “Tang tri-colored glazed pottery”.
The production of glassy pottery in China ___38___ (date) back to ancient times. Colored glaze was usually not applied ___39___ the head of a pottery figure. After the base was baked, a few touches of Chinese ink ___40___ (paint) to represent the eyes, eyebrows and beard. The facial expression and inner world of a small statue were portrayed (刻画) most ___41___ (vivid).
There are a great ___42___ (various) of Tang tri-colored glazed pottery pieces. With unique shapes, they had the rich flavor of life, ___43___ (cover) almost every field of life related to the dead, from models of architecture to plates, bowls and from small statues of the heavenly kings with ___44___ bad temper to those of beautiful noble ladies. They showed the ___45___ (color) social life and the splendid culture of the Tang Dynasty.
五、书面表达
假如你是中学生李华，上周一，你们班举行了一次地震知识演讲比赛，请你根据你所学的知识写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。内容要点如下：
1. 在教室时怎样做；2. 在家时怎样更安全；3. 在街上时，要注意什么。
注意：1. 词数80词左右；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：balcony(阳台)
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was on September 5th, my birthday, that we left Cambridge and moved away. We went to the seaside, to our holiday house, which was now to be our permanent home.
I remember the day was cold and grey, in falling slowly but constantly. My father drove in silence. No one spoke and all we could hear was the sound of the tyres on the wet road When we got to the small house near the sea, my mother quietly started to unpack the few things we had brought with us. Carol, Julie and I went down to the beach. We said we were going to look for crabs in the rockpools but actually, we just wanted to get away from our father and his cold silence.
We climbed along the rocks by the side of the beach. Julie and Carol became interested in some shells they found in one of the pools. I wandered away, lost in my private thoughts. It was my birthday, but no one had said “Happy Birthday” to me. I had not received any cards or presents.
I walked down to the seashore, where the waves were breaking lazily against the muddy sand. Suddenly, I saw something green sticking out of the water. I looked at it more carefully. The green thing moved closer and closer to the shore, and when it was almost near enough for me to touch, I realized what it was.
It was a bottle. I went over and picked it up, all the time looking at it. It seemed old, and had no label on it. Then 1 realized there was something inside. Slowly, I pulled out the wet cork from the top of the bottle. Inside was a piece of paper. With great care, 1 took out the folded paper and opened it.
Written on it were these words:
“To whomsoever finds this bottle, I promise you a new friend.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1
I stared at the paper and then looked around.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
As I opened my eyes, I found my father standing right beside me.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个在线演讲的具体信息。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In this online talk, Robin Dunbar will explain how our brains create friendships for us.(在这个在线演讲中，罗宾·邓巴将解释我们的大脑如何为我们创造友谊)”可知，在线演讲的主要内容是友谊的形成。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据About the speaker部分的“He has published 400 science journal articles. Besides, he has contributed to many radio and TV science documentaries, and has written a dozen popular science books.(他在科学期刊上发表了400篇文章。此外，他还为许多广播和电视科学纪录片做出了贡献，并撰写了十二本科普书籍)”可知，Robin Dunbar已经取得的成就是他出版了十二本科普书。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据What’s included in your ticket部分的“Live lecture lasting 60 minutes including Q&A with Robin Dunbar(持续60分钟的现场讲座，包括与Robin Dunbar的问答)”可知，提供给持票人60分钟的现场讲座。故选A。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了一场飓风哈维在德克萨斯州登陆，这场飓风引发了大范围的洪水，导致很多人无家可归，这样的灾难使得很多人团结起来，NFI玩家JJ Watt建立了一个筹钱网站，普通人也积极参与帮助那些受灾的人。
4. 词义猜测题。灾难的发生是令人痛苦的，但是该句“ disasters like these seemed to unite people.”讲的是灾难使很多人团结，这里表达的是灾难出现后好的一面，令人欣慰的一面，A. problem问题；B. opportunity机会；C. solution 解决方法；D. comfort安慰，宽慰。故D选项正确。
5. 细节理解题。由文中第三段的“NFI player JJ Watt set up a website with a goal to raise $200,000. Soon he has collected over $18 million, and the donations keep pouring in.”可知，他本来打算筹集20万美元，结果没过多久数额就远远超过，而且捐献的钱数还在不断增长。所以说这场捐献是出乎意料的，Disappointed失望的；B. Confused迷惑的；C. Unexpected意外的，出乎意料的；D. Dissatisfied不满意。故C选项正确。
6. 细节理解题。由文中第四段的“Jim McIngvale, the owner of a furniture store, turned his two 100,000-square-foot warehouse into shelters.”可知，Jim McIngvale把仓库变成了避难所，也就是给灾民提供了住处。故B选项正确。
7. 推理判断题。本文主要讲了一场飓风哈维在德克萨斯州登陆，这场飓风引发了大范围的洪水，导致很多人无家可归，这样的灾难使得很多人团结起来，NFI玩家JJ Watt建立了一个筹钱网站，普通人也积极参与帮助那些受灾的人，作者旨在赞扬那些无私奉献的人，他们无私奉献的精神，A. Determination决定；B. Selflessness自私；C. Honesty诚实；D. Bravery勇敢。故B选项正确。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】这篇文章告诉我们每个人生来就是可以成功的，可以富裕的，那么区别到底在哪呢？在于你是否能够让成功的种子发芽。想成功，我们到底应该怎么做。
8. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are always victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.可知不自信的人不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能够为自己的生活做主。他们就像随风摇摆的落叶。故选择C，意为他们不能掌控自己。
9. 细节理解题。根据第四段的Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. 可知，失败者总是认为事情的发生都是偶然的。故选择A，认为自己的失败只是由于时运不济。
10. 推理判断题。根据第五段的We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence可知，人们的思想和信念决定一切，走向成功需要对自己充满期望和自信。故选择B，意为我们的态度决定我们是否成功。
11. 主旨大意题。最后一段主要总结整篇文章的内容，即你对你的生活负责，要坚信这一点，这样你就会走向成功。故选择D，意为总结。
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了世界上哪一种语言最难学。
12. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are too many factors to take into consideration.(人们经常会问，哪一种语言最难学，因为要考虑的因素太多了，所以不容易回答)”可推知，世界上有太多的语言，所以很难说哪一种语言最难学。故选D。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language.(例如，以西班牙语为母语的人会发现比以汉语为母语的人更容易学习葡萄牙语，因为葡萄牙语与西班牙语非常相似，而汉语则截然不同，所以第一语言会影响第二语言的学习)”可知，以葡萄牙语为母语的人会觉得西班牙语更容易学，因为它也使用罗马字母。故选C。
14. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“ Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner’s motivation for learning.If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.(教师和学习语言的circumstances 以及每个学习者的学习动机也发挥着重要作用。如果人们学习一门语言是因为他们需要专业地使用它，他们通常比学习一门在日常生活中没有直接使用的语言更快)”可知，老师和学习环境，还有每个学者的学习动机，在学语言中也扮演着重要作用。故画线词意思是“一个特别的境况和环境”。故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Obviously, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which uses a similar alphabet to English but has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty.(显然，英国外交官和其他大使馆工作人员发现，第二难的语言是日语，这对许多人来说可能并不奇怪，但他们发现问题最多的语言是匈牙利语，它使用与英语相似的字母表，但有35个格（名词的形式取决于它是主语、宾语、属格等）。这并不是说匈牙利语对每个人来说都是最难学的语言，但它让一般习惯学习语言的英国外交人员最困难)”可推知，不是匈牙利语的书写体系而是它的语法复杂性给本地英国学者带来麻烦。故选B。
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发生森林火灾时，消防队员的任务分工以及如何切断火线灭火。
16. 根据上文“Forest fires burn thousands of acres of land each year. They destroy animal and human homes, killing many creatures in their path”（森林火灾每年烧毁数千英亩的土地。它们摧毁了动物和人类的家园，杀死了沿途的许多生物）说明森林火灾的坏处，以及下文“They make forests healthier by clearing out deadwood, making room for new trees. The heat of a fire is needed by some seeds before they can begin to grow”（它们清除枯木，为新树腾出空间，使森林更加健康。一些种子在开始生长之前需要火的热量）介绍的森林火灾的好处，可知空格处应起到承上启下的作用，A选项“But some forest fires also do good.”（但是一些森林火灾也有好处）引出下文森林火灾的好处。故选A。
17. 根据下文“Firefighters rely on teamwork. This group of firefighters, known as a hand crew, will work together with a bulldozer(推土机) and a helicopter. The crew hike into the woods to cut a fire line.”（消防员依靠团队合作。这组消防员，被称为徒手队员，他们将与推土机和直升机一起工作。机组人员徒步进入树林切断一条火线。）可知，本段主要介绍森林消防员的工作机制。D选项“Let’s see what it means to be a forest firefighter.”（让我们看看当森林消防员意味着什么）符合本段的主题，并且firefighters是原词复现。故选D。
18. 根据本段第二句“Using chain saws, the first two crew members cut the big wood out of the path.”（第一批两名工作人员用链锯从小路上锯下一大块木头）及第四句“The next firefighters in line break up the ground and hack at the remaining plants.”（接下来排队的消防队员负责破土并砍掉剩下的植物。）可知，本段介绍森林消防员具体的工作场景，他们是排队进行工作的。C选项“The hand crew work in a long line.”（徒手工作人员排着长队工作）符合语境。故选C。
19. 根据第二段“The crew hike into the woods to cut a fire line.”（机组人员徒步进入树林切断一条火线。）及本段“Using chain saws, the first two crew members cut the big wood out of the path. .Next come two swampers, who clear away the wood. The next firefighters in line break up the ground and hack at the remaining plants. Last come firefighters with shovels and other hand tools.”（第一批两名工作人员用链锯从小路上锯下一大块木头。接下来是两个帮工，他们清理木头。接下来排队的消防队员负责破土并砍掉剩下的植物。最后的消防队员，他们用铲子和其他手动工具）可知，本段详细介绍了徒手队员小组中每一个团队成员的分工任务，并且他们的总任务是切断火线。G选项“As each firefighter takes a swing at the ground, the fire line gets better.”（当每个消防员在地面上挥杆时，火线变得更好）符合前后介绍清理出一条火线的语境。故选G。
20. 根据下文“A huge rubber bucket is carried beneath the helicopter. With the flick of a switch, the pilot releases the bottom of the bucket, and water pours to the ground.”（一个巨大的橡胶桶被放在直升机下面。随着一个开关的轻弹，飞行员释放桶的底部，水就会倾泻到地面）可知，飞行员所在机组在森林火灾中也承担一定的任务。F选项“If the fire threatens to jump the line, the crew call in the helicopter.”（如果火势有可能越过警戒线，机组人员将呼叫直升机）指出火势越过警戒线时直升机将起作用，符合前后的语境，且the helicopter是原词复现。故选F。
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ben Delahunty在徒步旅行过程中被卡在一块大石头下以及被拯救的过程。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：周一上午9点半左右，28岁的本·德拉汉蒂(Ben Delahunty)的徒步伙伴打电话报告说，他的朋友被困在华盛顿维维安湖地区的一块大石头下。A. trapped卡住；B. discovered发现；C. hurt受伤；D. murdered谋杀。根据“He said his friend’s wrist was stuck by the stone”可知，本·德拉汉蒂(Ben Delahunty)被困在一块大石头下。故选A。
22. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他说，他朋友的手腕被石头卡住了，石头也夹在他的腿上，但他们无法立即移动巨石，因为它大约有冰箱那么大。A. underneath在……下面；B. beyond超出；C. across穿过；D. behind在……后面。根据“he ended up underneath it”可知，石头也夹在他的腿上。故选C。
23. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. completely完全地；B. approximately大约；C. exactly准确地；D. merely仅仅。根据“the size of a refrigerator.”可知，巨石大约有冰箱那么大。故选B。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们一开始觉得在大石头上很稳定，但突然石头开始滑动，他被压在了石头下面。A. natural自然的；B. stable稳定的；C. dangerous危险的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据“but all of a sudden it started to ______ and he ended up underneath it.”可知，他们一开始觉得在大石头上很稳定。故选B。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. disappear消失；B. float漂浮；C. crash撞击；D. slide滑动。根据“They initially felt really ______ on the large stone-but”可知，刚开始觉得石头稳定，突然石头开始滑动。故选D。
26. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，营救对救援人员来说是艰难的。A. stubborn顽固的；B. regular有规律的；C. tough艰难的；D. impossible不可能的。根据“They were nearly on a cliff (悬) side and the stone was also being held in place by a tree.”可知，营救难度很大。故选C。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现场面临着一个独特的挑战，即及时获得能够移动石头的设备和现场救援人员。A. wind风；B. rope绳索；C. partner伙伴；D. equipment装备，设备。根据“capable of moving the stone”和“The State Emergency Management requested a helicopter to help.”可知，需要及时获得能够移动石头的设备。故选D。
28. 考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. in total总共；B. in time及时；C. in order井然有序；D. in public公开地。根据“They were nearly on a cliff (悬) side”可知，救援需要及时。故选B。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，也联系了当地消防部门。A. contacted联系；B. refused拒绝；C. awarded授予；D. rewarded奖励。根据“The State Emergency Management requested a helicopter to help.”和“Additionally”可知，除了直升飞机也联系了当地消防部门。故选A。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：官员们需要绳索来安全进入徒步旅行者的位置，因为在处理石头的时候有摔倒的危险。A. record记录；B. access进入；C. observe观察；D. check检查。根据“the hiker’s location”可知，官员们需要绳索来安全进入徒步旅行者的位置。故选B。
31. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. dealing with处理；B. leaving behind留下，落后；C. packing up打包；D. blowing away刮走。根据“there was a risk of falling”可知，在处理石头的时候有摔倒的危险。故选A。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于恶劣的天气条件，包括大风，第一次尝试将他抬进直升机是不成功的。A. land陆地；B. living生计；C. health健康；D. weather天气。根据“including heavy winds”可知，天气条件恶劣。故选D。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. meaningful有意义的；B. remarkable非凡的，引人注目的；C. unsuccessful不成功的；D. promising有希望的。根据“However, due to challenging ______ conditions, including heavy winds”可知，由于天气条件恶劣和大风，第一次尝试用直升机救援失败了。故选C。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：下午4点45分，天气有了足够的中断时间，他们可以尝试另一次行动。A. break中断，休息；B. hit击中；C. sign符号；D. delay推迟。根据“allow them to attempt another operation.”可知，恶劣的天气有足够的中断时间，让他们可以进行另一次行动。故选A。
35. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他们成功地把德拉汉蒂先生送到了医院。A. Usually通常；B. Instantly立刻；C. Finally最终；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据“they were successful and transported Mr. Delahunty to the hospital.”可知，最终，Delahunty获救了。故选C。
【答案】36. where 37. or 38. dates 39. to 40. were painted 41. vividly 42. variety 43. covering 44. a 45. colorful
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了在河南省洛阳，发现了许多唐朝陶器的碎片，陶器上表现了唐朝多彩的社会生活和辉煌的文化。
36. 考查定语从句。句意：1899年，河南洛阳在修建铁路的过程中发现了许多漂亮的陶器，那里有一些唐代的墓葬。______ there were a few tombs of the Tang Dynasty是一个定语从句，表示“在洛阳，有一些唐朝的古墓”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。故填where。
37. 考查固定短语。句意：这些陶器有的是黄色、绿色和白色的，有的是黄色、绿色和棕色的。either… or…“或者……或者……”，是固定短语，所以填or。故填or。
38. 考查时态。句意：中国玻璃陶器的生产可以追溯到古代。短语：date back to “追溯到”，这个短语只能用一般现在时，且主语The production of glassy pottery in China是单数，所以谓语动词也用单数，所以填dates。故填dates。
39. 考查固定短语。句意：彩釉通常不适用于陶器人物的头部。短语：apply to“适用于”，是固定短语，所以填to。故填to。
40. 考查时态和语态。句意：在底座烘烤之后，用中国墨水画了一些代表眼睛、眉毛和胡子的东西。a few touches of Chinese ink与paint之间是被动关系，且表示发生在过去的事情，综上所述，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填were painted。故填were painted。
41. 考查副词。句意：小雕像的面部表情和内心世界被描绘得最生动。修饰动词portrayed，用副词，所以填vividly。故填vividly。
42. 考查固定短语。句意：有各种各样的唐三彩釉陶片。a great variety of“各种各样的”，是固定短语，所以填variety。故填variety。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们造型独特，生活气息浓郁，几乎覆盖了与死者有关的所有生活领域，从建筑模型到盘子、碗，从脾气暴躁的四大天王小雕像到美丽高贵的贵妇人雕像。cover与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填covering。故填covering。
44. 考查固定短语。句意同上。a bad temper“坏脾气”，是固定短语，所以填a。故填a。
45. 考查形容词。句意：它们展现了唐代的社会生活和灿烂的文化。修饰名词life，用形容词，所以填colorful。故填colorful。
【答案】参考范文
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes
When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony.
If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, don’t stand near buildings, fences or walls. Move quickly to a large open place to wait. Remember that standing under trees could also be dangerous.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生对于班级举行的地震知识演讲比赛，写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
应该：should→ ought to
立刻，马上：immediately → at once
发生：happens→ take place
大的：large→ big
2.句式拓展
简单句变倒装句
原句：Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony.
拓展句：Neither do you go anywhere near the window nor do you go out onto the balcony.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句。)
【高分句型2】However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句。)
【答案】Paragraph 1
I stared at the paper and then looked around. There came a boy, who promised to be my friend. I didn’t know what to say, so I kept in silence. He told me that he wanted to be my new friend. “what was said in the paper was true” I said to myself. and he took a lot of presents for my birthday. I was very touched to receive so many gifts. It really was an amazing bottle.
Paragraph 2
As I opened my eyes, I found my father standing right beside me. My father told me that it was time for me to go to school. He asked me why I woke up so late. That’s because I had a sweet dream. In the dream, I made a new friend, and he gave me many presents to celebrate my birthday, “It’s a sweet dream.” said my father. “but one thing is true, today is your birthday. Have a look at what we got for you.” When I opened the box, it was the football I really wanted. I could have never been happier. It was then I realized that my family members were also my best friends.
【解析】本文讲述了一个小故事。在作者的生日那天，作者一家人去了海边的度假屋。父亲默默地开着车，当他们到了海边的那所小房子后，为了逃避父亲和他冰冷的沉默，作者去了海岸边，因没有人想起今天是自己的生日而失落，这时突然注意到了一个瓶子，里面有张纸条写着：“谁找到了这个瓶子，我保证给你一个新朋友”。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我盯着这张纸条，然后环顾四周。”可推断，第一段可描写作者捡到瓶子环顾四周后发现出现了一个新朋友。
②由第二段首句内容“我睁开眼睛，发现父亲就站在我身边。”可推断，第二段可描写作者醒来发觉刚才只是一场梦。
2.续写线索：生日—失落—发现瓶子—新朋友出现—从梦中醒来—收到礼物
3.词汇激活
行为类
①保持：keep/remain/stay
②意识到：realize/learn
情绪类
①感动：touched/moved
②令人吃惊的：amazing/surprising/astonishing
【点睛】[高分句型1]. He told me that he was my new friend.（运用了由连接词that引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语）
[高分句型2]. That’s because I had a sweet dream.（运用了由连接词because引导的表语从句）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解
A
The Analysis of Friendship with Robin Dunbar
Friendship is the single most important thing that affects our psychological and our physical health and well-being. It’s also very expensive because, if we want friendships to work for us, we have to invest a lot of time in keeping them. In this online talk, Robin Dunbar will explain how our brains create friendships for us.
About the speaker:
Robin Dunbar is Professor of Evolutionary Psychology at the University of Oxford. He spent the first half of his career studying the social behavior of monkeys and antelopes in Africa, and the second half studying humans. He has published 400 science journal articles. Besides, he has contributed to many radio and TV science documentaries, and has written a dozen popular science books.
What’s included in your ticket:
● Live lecture lasting 60 minutes including Q& A with Robin Dunbar On-demand access to a recording of the lecture and Q&A for 12 months Booking information:
● This online event will start at 6 p. m. on Thursday 21, October 2021 and will last for one hour. Access to a recording of the event will be available to ticket purchasers for the 12months following the live event.
● A ticket costs you thirteen dollars. We’ll email you a confirmation immediately after purchase. You’ll receive a separate email with a link to access the event auditorium (礼堂) before the event. Please note that each link is unique and shouldn’t be shared.
● New Scientist Ltd reserves the right to change the event and its line-up, or cancel the event. In the unlikely event of cancellation, all tickets will be fully refunded. New Scientist Ltd won’t be responsible for any additional expenses caused by ticket holders in relation to the event.
1. What will the online talk be mainly about
A. The expenses of friendship. B. The formation of friendship.
C. The problems of friendship. D. The importance of friendship.
2. What achievement has Robin Dunbar already made
A. He has collected many science documentaries.
B. He has published twelve popular science books.
C. He has given many inspirational speeches online.
D. He has written over 400 papers on social behavior.
3. Which of the following will be given to the ticket holders
A. A sixty-minute-long live lecture.
B. Access to the speaker’s writings.
C. A chance to interview the speaker.
D. Involvement in recording the lecture.
B
On August 25, Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Southern Texas. The storm lasted for days, pouring almost 52 inches of rain. The downpour has caused widespread flooding, forcing more than 32,000 people into shelters and damaging the city’s water supply system.
The only silver lining is that disasters like these seemed to unite people. While the number of organizations and individuals that have gone all out to assist the victims is too many to list, here are some highlights of the outpouring of support that has made headlines this past week.
A week ago, NFI player JJ Watt set up a website with a goal to raise $200,000. Soon he has collected over $18 million, and the donations keep pouring in. The thrilled football star wants to ensure the money is used where needed, saying, “We’re trying to make sure it goes directly to the people. So our first wave of operation is we'll have nine semi-trucks going out there and I will go straight into the communities and hand stuff out there.”
Ordinary individuals are not shying away from helping either. Jim McIngvale, the owner of a furniture store, turned his two 100,000-square-foot warehouse into shelters. When asked if he was concerned about the furniture that was being used by those living there, he responded, “These people are nice. They’re taking care of the furniture. Furniture’s made to be sat on, slept on or laid on. It’s just a product.”
There are also many unsung heroes that are putting their lives at risk to help others. After discovering an elderly man trapped inside his truck, local people made a human chain through the dangerous water to drag him to safety.
While there is not much anyone could have done to prevent the loss, people across the US are doing everything they can to help its people recover.
4. Which can best replace the underlined words “silver lining” in paragraph 2
A. problem B. opportunity
C. solution D. comfort
5. How did JJ Watt most probably feel about the donation
A. Disappointed B. Confused.
C. Unexpected. D. Dissatisfied.
6. What did Jim McIngvale do to help the victims in the disaster
A. He helped to save them from drowning.
B. He offered them a place to live in.
C. He provided work for them in his store.
D. He rented furniture to them cheaply.
7. What spirit does the author mainly intend to praise
A. Determination. B. Selflessness.
C. Honesty. D. Bravery.
C
Stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.
You cannot be successful without first developing your self-confidence. Your level of self-confidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are always victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.
Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify(确定) the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
In all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it. You are on the road to success.
8. People with low self-confidence are compared to leaves because they ______.
A. don’t have the power to face their lives
B. are ready to change their minds
C. can’t exercise control over themselves
D. are easily affected by windy weather
9. Losers would think that ______.
A. they fail only because of bad luck
B. they don’t make efforts to succeed
C. success is the result of hard work
D. working hard will lead to success
10. It can be inferred from the fifth paragraph that ______.
A. what we believe in is the result of creative mind
B. whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes
C. setting our expectations is vital before taking action
D. knowing cause and effect is the key to future success
11. The last paragraph serves as ______.
A. an introduction to another topic
B. a comparison between two views
C. the proof of the author’s points
D. the conclusion of the argument
D
People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are too many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the difficulties are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn only makes more sense when learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first language, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages easily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner’s motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.
Obviously, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which uses a similar alphabet to English but has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. However, Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to learn it.
Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. Therefore, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.
12. What can we infer from the first paragraph
A. The question of how hard a language is to learn is only applicable to first language acquisition.
B. The question of how hard a language is to learn is only applicable to second language acquisition.
C. The question of how hard a language is to learn is applicable to both first and second language acquisition.
D. There are too many languages in the world so it’s difficult to say which one is the most difficult to learn.
13. Which language will a native Portuguese speaker probably find easier to learn
A. Chinese, because Portuguese use Chinese characters in their own language .
B. Japanese, because it is similar to their own language.
C. Spanish, because it also uses Roman alphabet.
D. Anyone but Chinese, because its pronunciation is very difficult.
14. What does the underlined word “circumstances” refer to in Paragraph 3
A. A particular situation or environment.
B. The degree of education that somebody has obtained.
C. Teachers’ encouragement.
D. Professional training.
15. The author is most likely to agree ______
A. many British diplomats learn Tabassaran.
B. Hungarian’s grammatical complexity causes problems for native British speakers.
C. Tabassaran is the hardest language to learn in the world for native European speakers.
D. learning a different writing system is very easy for British speakers.
二、七选五
Forest fires burn thousands of acres of land each year.They destroy animal and human homes, killing many creatures in their path. ___16___ They make forests healthier by clearing out deadwood, making room for new trees.The heat of a fire is needed by some seeds before they can begin to grow. But, good or bad, forest fires need to be controlled.
___17___ Firefighters rely on teamwork.This group of firefighters, known as a hand crew, will work together with a bulldozer(推土机) and a helicopter.The crew hike into the woods to cut a fire line.A fire line is a path through the forest stripped of all plants. Soil doesn’t burn, so the fire won’t cross this line if the line is wide enough.
___18___ Using chain saws, the first two crew members cut the big wood out of the path. Next come two swampers, who clear away the wood.The next firefighters in line break up the ground and hack at the remaining plants. Last come firefighters with shovels and other hand tools. ___19___
To make sure the fire won’t jump the line, a bulldozer follows the hand crew. In one pass, the bulldozer triples the width of the fire line. The hand crew follow the bulldozer to remove any plants left behind.
___20___ A huge rubber bucket is carried beneath the helicopter. With the flick of a switch, the pilot releases the bottom of the bucket, and water pours to the ground.
A. But some forest fires also do good.
B. Forest fires do great harm to nature.
C. The hand crew work in a long line.
D. Let’s see what it means to be a forest firefighter.
E. The work of firefighters is hard as well as dangerous.
F. If the fire threatens to jump the line, the crew call in the helicopter.
G. As each firefighter takes a swing at the ground, the fire line gets better.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Monday morning around 9:30 a. m, 28-year-old Ben Delahunty’s hiking partner put in a call to report that his friend was ___21___ under a large stone in the area of Lake Viviane in Washington.
He said his friend’s wrist was stuck by the stone and it was also ___22___ his legs, but they were not able to immediately move the boulder as it was ___23___ the size of a refrigerator. They initially felt really ___24___ on the large stone-but all of a sudden it started to ___25___ and he ended up underneath it.
The rescue proved ___26___ for officials. They were nearly on a cliff (悬) side and the stone was also being held in place by a tree. The scene presented a unique challenge of getting ___27___ capable of moving the stone as well as rescuers on the scene ___28___.
The State Emergency Management requested a helicopter to help. Additionally, local fire departments were also ___29___. The crews immediately found this rescue had more challenges. The officials needed ropes to safely ___30___ the hiker’s location as there was a risk of falling while ___31___ the stone.
However, due to challenging ___32___ conditions, including heavy winds, the first attempt to lift him into the helicopter was ___33___. At 4:45 p. m. there was enough of a ___34___ in the weather to allow them to attempt another operation. ___35___, they were successful and transported Mr. Delahunty to the hospital.
21. A. trapped B. discovered C. hurt D. murdered
22. A. underneath B. beyond C. across D. behind
23. A. completely B. approximately C. exactly D. merely
24. A. natural B. stable C. dangerous D. comfortable
25. A. disappear B. float C. crash D. slide
26. A. stubborn B. regular C. tough D. impossible
27. A. wind B. rope C. partner D. equipment
28. A. in total B. in time C. in order D. in public
29. A. contacted B. refused C. awarded D. rewarded
30. A. record B. access C. observe D. check
31. A. dealing with B. leaving behind C. packing up D. blowing away
32. A. land B. living C. health D. weather
33. A. meaningful B. remarkable C. unsuccessful D. promising
34. A. break B. hit C. sign D. delay
35. A. Usually B. Instantly C. Finally D. Surprisingly
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many pieces of beautiful pottery (陶器) were discovered in Luoyang, Henan Province, ___36___ there were a few tombs of the Tang Dynasty, when a railway was in the process of being constructed in 1899. The pieces of pottery were either in yellow, green and white colors ___37___ in yellow, green and brown colors.
Because they were found from tombs of the Tang Dynasty, they were called “Tang tri-colored glazed pottery”.
The production of glassy pottery in China ___38___ (date) back to ancient times. Colored glaze was usually not applied ___39___ the head of a pottery figure. After the base was baked, a few touches of Chinese ink ___40___ (paint) to represent the eyes, eyebrows and beard. The facial expression and inner world of a small statue were portrayed (刻画) most ___41___ (vivid).
There are a great ___42___ (various) of Tang tri-colored glazed pottery pieces. With unique shapes, they had the rich flavor of life, ___43___ (cover) almost every field of life related to the dead, from models of architecture to plates, bowls and from small statues of the heavenly kings with ___44___ bad temper to those of beautiful noble ladies. They showed the ___45___ (color) social life and the splendid culture of the Tang Dynasty.
五、书面表达
假如你是中学生李华，上周一，你们班举行了一次地震知识演讲比赛，请你根据你所学的知识写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。内容要点如下：
1. 在教室时怎样做；2. 在家时怎样更安全；3. 在街上时，要注意什么。
注意：1. 词数80词左右；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：balcony(阳台)
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was on September 5th, my birthday, that we left Cambridge and moved away. We went to the seaside, to our holiday house, which was now to be our permanent home.
I remember the day was cold and grey, in falling slowly but constantly. My father drove in silence. No one spoke and all we could hear was the sound of the tyres on the wet road When we got to the small house near the sea, my mother quietly started to unpack the few things we had brought with us. Carol, Julie and I went down to the beach. We said we were going to look for crabs in the rockpools but actually, we just wanted to get away from our father and his cold silence.
We climbed along the rocks by the side of the beach. Julie and Carol became interested in some shells they found in one of the pools. I wandered away, lost in my private thoughts. It was my birthday, but no one had said “Happy Birthday” to me. I had not received any cards or presents.
I walked down to the seashore, where the waves were breaking lazily against the muddy sand. Suddenly, I saw something green sticking out of the water. I looked at it more carefully. The green thing moved closer and closer to the shore, and when it was almost near enough for me to touch, I realized what it was.
It was a bottle. I went over and picked it up, all the time looking at it. It seemed old, and had no label on it. Then 1 realized there was something inside. Slowly, I pulled out the wet cork from the top of the bottle. Inside was a piece of paper. With great care, 1 took out the folded paper and opened it.
Written on it were these words:
“To whomsoever finds this bottle, I promise you a new friend.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1
I stared at the paper and then looked around.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
As I opened my eyes, I found my father standing right beside me.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个在线演讲的具体信息。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In this online talk, Robin Dunbar will explain how our brains create friendships for us.(在这个在线演讲中，罗宾·邓巴将解释我们的大脑如何为我们创造友谊)”可知，在线演讲的主要内容是友谊的形成。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据About the speaker部分的“He has published 400 science journal articles. Besides, he has contributed to many radio and TV science documentaries, and has written a dozen popular science books.(他在科学期刊上发表了400篇文章。此外，他还为许多广播和电视科学纪录片做出了贡献，并撰写了十二本科普书籍)”可知，Robin Dunbar已经取得的成就是他出版了十二本科普书。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据What’s included in your ticket部分的“Live lecture lasting 60 minutes including Q&A with Robin Dunbar(持续60分钟的现场讲座，包括与Robin Dunbar的问答)”可知，提供给持票人60分钟的现场讲座。故选A。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了一场飓风哈维在德克萨斯州登陆，这场飓风引发了大范围的洪水，导致很多人无家可归，这样的灾难使得很多人团结起来，NFI玩家JJ Watt建立了一个筹钱网站，普通人也积极参与帮助那些受灾的人。
4. 词义猜测题。灾难的发生是令人痛苦的，但是该句“ disasters like these seemed to unite people.”讲的是灾难使很多人团结，这里表达的是灾难出现后好的一面，令人欣慰的一面，A. problem问题；B. opportunity机会；C. solution 解决方法；D. comfort安慰，宽慰。故D选项正确。
5. 细节理解题。由文中第三段的“NFI player JJ Watt set up a website with a goal to raise $200,000. Soon he has collected over $18 million, and the donations keep pouring in.”可知，他本来打算筹集20万美元，结果没过多久数额就远远超过，而且捐献的钱数还在不断增长。所以说这场捐献是出乎意料的，Disappointed失望的；B. Confused迷惑的；C. Unexpected意外的，出乎意料的；D. Dissatisfied不满意。故C选项正确。
6. 细节理解题。由文中第四段的“Jim McIngvale, the owner of a furniture store, turned his two 100,000-square-foot warehouse into shelters.”可知，Jim McIngvale把仓库变成了避难所，也就是给灾民提供了住处。故B选项正确。
7. 推理判断题。本文主要讲了一场飓风哈维在德克萨斯州登陆，这场飓风引发了大范围的洪水，导致很多人无家可归，这样的灾难使得很多人团结起来，NFI玩家JJ Watt建立了一个筹钱网站，普通人也积极参与帮助那些受灾的人，作者旨在赞扬那些无私奉献的人，他们无私奉献的精神，A. Determination决定；B. Selflessness自私；C. Honesty诚实；D. Bravery勇敢。故B选项正确。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】这篇文章告诉我们每个人生来就是可以成功的，可以富裕的，那么区别到底在哪呢？在于你是否能够让成功的种子发芽。想成功，我们到底应该怎么做。
8. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are always victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.可知不自信的人不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能够为自己的生活做主。他们就像随风摇摆的落叶。故选择C，意为他们不能掌控自己。
9. 细节理解题。根据第四段的Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. 可知，失败者总是认为事情的发生都是偶然的。故选择A，认为自己的失败只是由于时运不济。
10. 推理判断题。根据第五段的We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence可知，人们的思想和信念决定一切，走向成功需要对自己充满期望和自信。故选择B，意为我们的态度决定我们是否成功。
11. 主旨大意题。最后一段主要总结整篇文章的内容，即你对你的生活负责，要坚信这一点，这样你就会走向成功。故选择D，意为总结。
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了世界上哪一种语言最难学。
12. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are too many factors to take into consideration.(人们经常会问，哪一种语言最难学，因为要考虑的因素太多了，所以不容易回答)”可推知，世界上有太多的语言，所以很难说哪一种语言最难学。故选D。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language.(例如，以西班牙语为母语的人会发现比以汉语为母语的人更容易学习葡萄牙语，因为葡萄牙语与西班牙语非常相似，而汉语则截然不同，所以第一语言会影响第二语言的学习)”可知，以葡萄牙语为母语的人会觉得西班牙语更容易学，因为它也使用罗马字母。故选C。
14. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“ Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner’s motivation for learning.If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.(教师和学习语言的circumstances 以及每个学习者的学习动机也发挥着重要作用。如果人们学习一门语言是因为他们需要专业地使用它，他们通常比学习一门在日常生活中没有直接使用的语言更快)”可知，老师和学习环境，还有每个学者的学习动机，在学语言中也扮演着重要作用。故画线词意思是“一个特别的境况和环境”。故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Obviously, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which uses a similar alphabet to English but has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty.(显然，英国外交官和其他大使馆工作人员发现，第二难的语言是日语，这对许多人来说可能并不奇怪，但他们发现问题最多的语言是匈牙利语，它使用与英语相似的字母表，但有35个格（名词的形式取决于它是主语、宾语、属格等）。这并不是说匈牙利语对每个人来说都是最难学的语言，但它让一般习惯学习语言的英国外交人员最困难)”可推知，不是匈牙利语的书写体系而是它的语法复杂性给本地英国学者带来麻烦。故选B。
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发生森林火灾时，消防队员的任务分工以及如何切断火线灭火。
16. 根据上文“Forest fires burn thousands of acres of land each year. They destroy animal and human homes, killing many creatures in their path”（森林火灾每年烧毁数千英亩的土地。它们摧毁了动物和人类的家园，杀死了沿途的许多生物）说明森林火灾的坏处，以及下文“They make forests healthier by clearing out deadwood, making room for new trees. The heat of a fire is needed by some seeds before they can begin to grow”（它们清除枯木，为新树腾出空间，使森林更加健康。一些种子在开始生长之前需要火的热量）介绍的森林火灾的好处，可知空格处应起到承上启下的作用，A选项“But some forest fires also do good.”（但是一些森林火灾也有好处）引出下文森林火灾的好处。故选A。
17. 根据下文“Firefighters rely on teamwork. This group of firefighters, known as a hand crew, will work together with a bulldozer(推土机) and a helicopter. The crew hike into the woods to cut a fire line.”（消防员依靠团队合作。这组消防员，被称为徒手队员，他们将与推土机和直升机一起工作。机组人员徒步进入树林切断一条火线。）可知，本段主要介绍森林消防员的工作机制。D选项“Let’s see what it means to be a forest firefighter.”（让我们看看当森林消防员意味着什么）符合本段的主题，并且firefighters是原词复现。故选D。
18. 根据本段第二句“Using chain saws, the first two crew members cut the big wood out of the path.”（第一批两名工作人员用链锯从小路上锯下一大块木头）及第四句“The next firefighters in line break up the ground and hack at the remaining plants.”（接下来排队的消防队员负责破土并砍掉剩下的植物。）可知，本段介绍森林消防员具体的工作场景，他们是排队进行工作的。C选项“The hand crew work in a long line.”（徒手工作人员排着长队工作）符合语境。故选C。
19. 根据第二段“The crew hike into the woods to cut a fire line.”（机组人员徒步进入树林切断一条火线。）及本段“Using chain saws, the first two crew members cut the big wood out of the path. .Next come two swampers, who clear away the wood. The next firefighters in line break up the ground and hack at the remaining plants. Last come firefighters with shovels and other hand tools.”（第一批两名工作人员用链锯从小路上锯下一大块木头。接下来是两个帮工，他们清理木头。接下来排队的消防队员负责破土并砍掉剩下的植物。最后的消防队员，他们用铲子和其他手动工具）可知，本段详细介绍了徒手队员小组中每一个团队成员的分工任务，并且他们的总任务是切断火线。G选项“As each firefighter takes a swing at the ground, the fire line gets better.”（当每个消防员在地面上挥杆时，火线变得更好）符合前后介绍清理出一条火线的语境。故选G。
20. 根据下文“A huge rubber bucket is carried beneath the helicopter. With the flick of a switch, the pilot releases the bottom of the bucket, and water pours to the ground.”（一个巨大的橡胶桶被放在直升机下面。随着一个开关的轻弹，飞行员释放桶的底部，水就会倾泻到地面）可知，飞行员所在机组在森林火灾中也承担一定的任务。F选项“If the fire threatens to jump the line, the crew call in the helicopter.”（如果火势有可能越过警戒线，机组人员将呼叫直升机）指出火势越过警戒线时直升机将起作用，符合前后的语境，且the helicopter是原词复现。故选F。
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ben Delahunty在徒步旅行过程中被卡在一块大石头下以及被拯救的过程。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：周一上午9点半左右，28岁的本·德拉汉蒂(Ben Delahunty)的徒步伙伴打电话报告说，他的朋友被困在华盛顿维维安湖地区的一块大石头下。A. trapped卡住；B. discovered发现；C. hurt受伤；D. murdered谋杀。根据“He said his friend’s wrist was stuck by the stone”可知，本·德拉汉蒂(Ben Delahunty)被困在一块大石头下。故选A。
22. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他说，他朋友的手腕被石头卡住了，石头也夹在他的腿上，但他们无法立即移动巨石，因为它大约有冰箱那么大。A. underneath在……下面；B. beyond超出；C. across穿过；D. behind在……后面。根据“he ended up underneath it”可知，石头也夹在他的腿上。故选C。
23. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. completely完全地；B. approximately大约；C. exactly准确地；D. merely仅仅。根据“the size of a refrigerator.”可知，巨石大约有冰箱那么大。故选B。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们一开始觉得在大石头上很稳定，但突然石头开始滑动，他被压在了石头下面。A. natural自然的；B. stable稳定的；C. dangerous危险的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据“but all of a sudden it started to ______ and he ended up underneath it.”可知，他们一开始觉得在大石头上很稳定。故选B。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. disappear消失；B. float漂浮；C. crash撞击；D. slide滑动。根据“They initially felt really ______ on the large stone-but”可知，刚开始觉得石头稳定，突然石头开始滑动。故选D。
26. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，营救对救援人员来说是艰难的。A. stubborn顽固的；B. regular有规律的；C. tough艰难的；D. impossible不可能的。根据“They were nearly on a cliff (悬) side and the stone was also being held in place by a tree.”可知，营救难度很大。故选C。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现场面临着一个独特的挑战，即及时获得能够移动石头的设备和现场救援人员。A. wind风；B. rope绳索；C. partner伙伴；D. equipment装备，设备。根据“capable of moving the stone”和“The State Emergency Management requested a helicopter to help.”可知，需要及时获得能够移动石头的设备。故选D。
28. 考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. in total总共；B. in time及时；C. in order井然有序；D. in public公开地。根据“They were nearly on a cliff (悬) side”可知，救援需要及时。故选B。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，也联系了当地消防部门。A. contacted联系；B. refused拒绝；C. awarded授予；D. rewarded奖励。根据“The State Emergency Management requested a helicopter to help.”和“Additionally”可知，除了直升飞机也联系了当地消防部门。故选A。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：官员们需要绳索来安全进入徒步旅行者的位置，因为在处理石头的时候有摔倒的危险。A. record记录；B. access进入；C. observe观察；D. check检查。根据“the hiker’s location”可知，官员们需要绳索来安全进入徒步旅行者的位置。故选B。
31. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. dealing with处理；B. leaving behind留下，落后；C. packing up打包；D. blowing away刮走。根据“there was a risk of falling”可知，在处理石头的时候有摔倒的危险。故选A。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于恶劣的天气条件，包括大风，第一次尝试将他抬进直升机是不成功的。A. land陆地；B. living生计；C. health健康；D. weather天气。根据“including heavy winds”可知，天气条件恶劣。故选D。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. meaningful有意义的；B. remarkable非凡的，引人注目的；C. unsuccessful不成功的；D. promising有希望的。根据“However, due to challenging ______ conditions, including heavy winds”可知，由于天气条件恶劣和大风，第一次尝试用直升机救援失败了。故选C。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：下午4点45分，天气有了足够的中断时间，他们可以尝试另一次行动。A. break中断，休息；B. hit击中；C. sign符号；D. delay推迟。根据“allow them to attempt another operation.”可知，恶劣的天气有足够的中断时间，让他们可以进行另一次行动。故选A。
35. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他们成功地把德拉汉蒂先生送到了医院。A. Usually通常；B. Instantly立刻；C. Finally最终；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据“they were successful and transported Mr. Delahunty to the hospital.”可知，最终，Delahunty获救了。故选C。
【答案】36. where 37. or 38. dates 39. to 40. were painted 41. vividly 42. variety 43. covering 44. a 45. colorful
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了在河南省洛阳，发现了许多唐朝陶器的碎片，陶器上表现了唐朝多彩的社会生活和辉煌的文化。
36. 考查定语从句。句意：1899年，河南洛阳在修建铁路的过程中发现了许多漂亮的陶器，那里有一些唐代的墓葬。______ there were a few tombs of the Tang Dynasty是一个定语从句，表示“在洛阳，有一些唐朝的古墓”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。故填where。
37. 考查固定短语。句意：这些陶器有的是黄色、绿色和白色的，有的是黄色、绿色和棕色的。either… or…“或者……或者……”，是固定短语，所以填or。故填or。
38. 考查时态。句意：中国玻璃陶器的生产可以追溯到古代。短语：date back to “追溯到”，这个短语只能用一般现在时，且主语The production of glassy pottery in China是单数，所以谓语动词也用单数，所以填dates。故填dates。
39. 考查固定短语。句意：彩釉通常不适用于陶器人物的头部。短语：apply to“适用于”，是固定短语，所以填to。故填to。
40. 考查时态和语态。句意：在底座烘烤之后，用中国墨水画了一些代表眼睛、眉毛和胡子的东西。a few touches of Chinese ink与paint之间是被动关系，且表示发生在过去的事情，综上所述，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填were painted。故填were painted。
41. 考查副词。句意：小雕像的面部表情和内心世界被描绘得最生动。修饰动词portrayed，用副词，所以填vividly。故填vividly。
42. 考查固定短语。句意：有各种各样的唐三彩釉陶片。a great variety of“各种各样的”，是固定短语，所以填variety。故填variety。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们造型独特，生活气息浓郁，几乎覆盖了与死者有关的所有生活领域，从建筑模型到盘子、碗，从脾气暴躁的四大天王小雕像到美丽高贵的贵妇人雕像。cover与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填covering。故填covering。
44. 考查固定短语。句意同上。a bad temper“坏脾气”，是固定短语，所以填a。故填a。
45. 考查形容词。句意：它们展现了唐代的社会生活和灿烂的文化。修饰名词life，用形容词，所以填colorful。故填colorful。
【答案】参考范文
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes
When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony.
If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, don’t stand near buildings, fences or walls. Move quickly to a large open place to wait. Remember that standing under trees could also be dangerous.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生对于班级举行的地震知识演讲比赛，写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
应该：should→ ought to
立刻，马上：immediately → at once
发生：happens→ take place
大的：large→ big
2.句式拓展
简单句变倒装句
原句：Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony.
拓展句：Neither do you go anywhere near the window nor do you go out onto the balcony.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句。)
【高分句型2】However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句。)
【答案】Paragraph 1
I stared at the paper and then looked around. There came a boy, who promised to be my friend. I didn’t know what to say, so I kept in silence. He told me that he wanted to be my new friend. “what was said in the paper was true” I said to myself. and he took a lot of presents for my birthday. I was very touched to receive so many gifts. It really was an amazing bottle.
Paragraph 2
As I opened my eyes, I found my father standing right beside me. My father told me that it was time for me to go to school. He asked me why I woke up so late. That’s because I had a sweet dream. In the dream, I made a new friend, and he gave me many presents to celebrate my birthday, “It’s a sweet dream.” said my father. “but one thing is true, today is your birthday. Have a look at what we got for you.” When I opened the box, it was the football I really wanted. I could have never been happier. It was then I realized that my family members were also my best friends.
【解析】本文讲述了一个小故事。在作者的生日那天，作者一家人去了海边的度假屋。父亲默默地开着车，当他们到了海边的那所小房子后，为了逃避父亲和他冰冷的沉默，作者去了海岸边，因没有人想起今天是自己的生日而失落，这时突然注意到了一个瓶子，里面有张纸条写着：“谁找到了这个瓶子，我保证给你一个新朋友”。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我盯着这张纸条，然后环顾四周。”可推断，第一段可描写作者捡到瓶子环顾四周后发现出现了一个新朋友。
②由第二段首句内容“我睁开眼睛，发现父亲就站在我身边。”可推断，第二段可描写作者醒来发觉刚才只是一场梦。
2.续写线索：生日—失落—发现瓶子—新朋友出现—从梦中醒来—收到礼物
3.词汇激活
行为类
①保持：keep/remain/stay
②意识到：realize/learn
情绪类
①感动：touched/moved
②令人吃惊的：amazing/surprising/astonishing
【点睛】[高分句型1]. He told me that he was my new friend.（运用了由连接词that引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语）
[高分句型2]. That’s because I had a sweet dream.（运用了由连接词because引导的表语从句）