天津市2023届新高三秋季开学摸底考试卷

天津市2023届新高三秋季开学摸底考试卷
一、听对话回答问题
1．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） What will the man probably do next
A．Go to school.
B．Book online classes.
C．Study online.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】
W: Hurry up! You will be late for your lessons.
M: Don' t worry, Mum. Professor Lin called classes off because of the heavy snow.
W: I mean the online courses you booked last week.
【分析】问题：男士下一步可能会做什么？根据" I mean the online courses you booked last week. "我是说你上周预定的在线课程。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
2．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） How much does the woman need to pay
A．87 dollars. B．89 dollars. C．90 dollars.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Could I have three tickets for the movie on Friday, please
M: Sure, 29. 7 dollars for each one. And I' ll round the total price off to the nearest whole-dollar amounts.
W: What does that mean
M: For example, $30. 3 will be rounded off to $30.
【分析】问题：女士需要付多少钱？根据" Could I have three tickets for the movie on Friday，please "请给我三张星期五的电影票好吗？；以及"Sure, 29. 7 dollars for each one. And I' ll round the total price off to the nearest whole-dollar amounts. "当然，每件29.7美元。我把总价四舍五入到最接近的整美元。三张票的价格是$29. 7X3=$89.1，四舍五入后应付89美元，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
3．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） Where is the wheelchair now
A．By the gate. B．In the garden. C．Under the stairs.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: I am afraid I can' t find my brother' s wheelchair. I remembered I put it by the gate last night.
M: It was in my way when I went to the garden this morning, so I put it under the stairs.
W: Okay, I see.
【分析】问题：轮椅现在在哪里？根据" I put it under the stairs. "我把它放在楼梯下面。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
4．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） Who will wake the woman up
A．Jack' s roommate. B．Jack. C．The woman's alarm.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Jack, will it bother you if you call me up at 6 o' clock tomorrow morning I' m afraid I won' t hear my alarm.
M: I' m a sound sleeper too. Why not ask my roommate a favor He usually gets up at 5: 30 am.
W: Sounds great.
【分析】问题：谁来叫醒女士？根据"Why not ask my roommate a favor He usually gets up at 5: 30 am. "为什么不叫我室友一个忙？他通常早上5:30起床；以及"Sounds great. "听起来不错。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
5．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） What does the man think of the woman
A．Helpful. B．Relaxed. C．Careless.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Oh, where on earth did I put my phone I' m going out now.
M: Just relax, Amy. I' ll call your number so you' ll know where it is. But you should really learn your lessons. This has happened more than once.
【分析】问题：男士认为女士怎么样？根据" where on earth did I put my phone I' m going out now. "我到底把手机放在哪里了？我现在要出去；以及" Just relax, Amy. I' ll call your number so you' ll know where it is. But you should really learn your lessons. This has happened more than once. "放松点，Amy。我会打你的电话号码，这样你就会知道它在哪里。但你真的应该吸取教训。这种情况已经发生过不止一次了。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
二、听长对话回答问题
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．Who holds a different view on Nickelback' s music
A．Eric. B．Anna. C．Candy.
7．What does the expression " my two cents" mean
A．A little sum of money.
B．Something worthwhile but small.
C．Opinions of little value in others' eyes.
【答案】6．B
7．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Eric, I' ve been driven mad by Nickelback' s music these days. It was recommended by Anna.
M: I think their songs are really boring and most people don' t like them. But that' s just my two cents, Candy.
W: Your two cents
M: That' s just a phrase in American English. It means a different way of giving one' s opinion on a subject.
W: I have never heard of this phrase.
M: Two cents isn' t a lot of money. So saying that' s just one' s two cents means that one' s opinion might not be worth much to someone else.
W: It is an interesting phrase and I will remember it.
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
6．问题：谁对 Nickelback 的音乐有不同的看法？根据"Eric, I' ve been driven mad by Nickelback' s music these days. It was recommended by Anna. "Eric，我最近被Nickelback的音乐逼疯了。那是 Anna推荐的。故选B。
7．问题：短语" my two cents "是什么意思？"根据"Two cents isn' t a lot of money. So saying that' s just one' s two cents means that one' s opinion might not be worth much to someone else. "两美分不是很多钱。所以说这只是一个人的两美分意味着一个人的观点对其他人来说可能没有多大价值。故选C。
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．How long has the woman kept dogs
A．13 years. B．16 years. C．33 years.
9．What caused the man to dislike dogs most
A．Their waste. B．Their smell. C．Their fur.
10．What does the woman suggest the man do
A．Keep a pet dog.
B．Read books about dogs.
C．Watch documentaries about dogs.
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Mary, you are a dog person, right
W: Yeah. I kept a dog for 3 years in my childhood and the second dog for 13 years till now.
M: Do dogs really know what' s going on
W: Yes, they do. They' re always picking up our facial expressions, body gestures, and moods.
M: They are really smart. But I dislike their smell and waste, and what I hate most is their fur.
W: I believe you will love dogs if you have one.
M: But I' m afraid I' m still not ready for that kind of responsibility yet.
W: Well, you need to learn more about dogs first. There are many extraordinary documentaries online about dogs. Maybe you can start with these before you get one.
M: I will do what you said. And I' ll also read some books about dogs.
【点评】考查细节理解。首先理解题干，其次注意听句子，抓住关键词。
8．问题：女士养狗多久了？根据" I kept a dog for 3 years in my childhood and the second dog for 13 years till now. "我小时候养了一只狗3年，第二只养了13年。故选B。
9．问题：是什么使男士最不喜欢狗？根据"and what I hate most is their fur. "我最讨厌的是它们的皮毛。故选C。
10．问题：女士建议男士做什么？根据"There are many extraordinary documentaries online about dogs. Maybe you can start with these before you get one. "网上有很多关于狗的非凡纪录片。也许你可以先从这些开始。故选C。
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11．What' s new in the newspaper
A．A study about flowers.
B．A new way of planting flowers.
C．A program about making honey.
12．Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers
A．People with mental illness.
B．Students with difficulty in study.
C．Adults with physical health problems.
13．What' s the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates.
【答案】11．A
12．A
13．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today' s newspaper
M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey.
W: Flowers I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble.
M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems.
W: Really Can we call it " Flower Therapy"
M: Yes! In fact, the U. S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers.
W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war.
M: The programs are not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs.
W: I will plant some flowers in our yard.
M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It' s really relaxing, right
W: Yes! That is what I want.
【点评】考查对话型听力题。听前要快速浏览答语，理解答语意思，听时要注意力集中，选出答案。
11．问题：报纸上有什么新鲜事？根据"Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey. "研究人员最近发表了一项关于蜂蜜来源的新研究；以及"Flowers I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble. "鲜花？我只知道，如果没有鲜花，我们的食物供应就会陷入困境。故选A。
12．问题：根据研究人员的说法，谁能从种花中受益最大？根据"Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems. "研究人员说，种花可以帮助有心理健康问题的人。故选A。
13．问题：两位演讲者之间可能有什么关系？根据" I will plant some flowers in our yard. "我要在我们的院子里种些花。可推知谈话人是一家人，故选B。
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．What will the woman and man do next Friday
A．Watch an American football game.
B．Attend a basketball game.
C．Throw a party.
15．What activity is the woman responsible for
A．Organizing the lecture.
B．Managing volunteers.
C．Cooking the Christmas meal.
16．What will the man help the woman do
A．Design the poster.
B．Create the PowerPoint slides.
C．Direct the audience to their seats.
17．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Christmas activities.
B．PowerPoint making.
C．Lecture preparations.
【答案】14．B
15．A
16．A
17．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hi, Daniel. What do you think of the coming celebration
M: Well, what celebration
W: Don' t you know that Christmas is drawing near!
M: Oh, I almost forget about it. Tell me more about the activities!
W: OK. On Monday, Mr. Brown will give a lecture about the festival. On Tuesday, we' re going to throw a party. There will be a big Christmas meal on Wednesday. And we' ll take part in an American football game on Friday. Oh, sorry, it was replaced with a basketball game.
M: Wow, all sound great!
W: Yes, but now we are short of hands.
M: How can I help
W: I' m in charge of organizing the lecture. But I need someone to help design a poster based on the topic of Mr. Brown' s lecture.
M: I' m good at painting. Let me help you with that.
W: That' s really nice of you.
M: Anything else
W: We' ll also need volunteers to guide the audience to their seats, and we' ll need someone to create PowerPoint slides for Mr. Brown.
M: We can turn to my brother who is on annual leave.
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，理解答语意思，听时要注意力集中，选出答案。
14．问题：下星期五男士和女士要做什么？根据"And we' ll take part in an American football game on Friday. Oh, sorry, it was replaced with a basketball game. "我们将参加周五的美式足球赛。哦，对不起，比赛被篮球赛取代了。故选B。
15．问题：女士负责什么活动？根据"I' m in charge of organizing the lecture. "我负责组织这次讲座。故选A。
16．问题：男士会帮助女士做什么？根据"But I need someone to help design a poster based on the topic of Mr. Brown' s lecture. "但我需要有人帮忙设计一张基于布朗先生演讲主题的海报；以及"I' m good at painting. Let me help you with that. "我擅长画画。让我来帮你。故选A。
17．问题：谈话人主要在谈论什么？根据" Christmas is drawing near!"圣诞节快到了！；以及"Tell me more about the activities!"告诉我更多关于活动的信息！故选A。
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18．Why do people preserve fresh produce according to the speaker
A．To make them tasty.
B．To make more money.
C．To eat them at different time.
19．Which method can be applied to preserve eggplants
A．Freezing. B．Canning. C．Pickling.
20．What are listeners advised to do
A．Following the instructions.
B．Leaving their opinions.
C．Interacting with the speaker
【答案】18．C
19．C
20．B
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】W: When you preserve food, you are taking action to stop it from breaking down. Today, we will explore how to preserve the fresh produce you buy or grow. By following a few basic ways, you can still eat those tasty fruits and vegetables when they are out of season. Freezing is the simplest way and it is important to freeze the produce as quickly as possible. Good late-summer produce to freeze includes green beans, cabbages and apples. Canning has two main ways: boiling hot water baths and pressure canning. Whichever method you use, always test the seal that keeps out air. Good late-summer fruits for canning include apples, berries, cherries and peaches. Pickling is done by adding salt, pepper or other seasonings to vegetables. Good late-summer produce to pickle includes cucumbers, watermelon rinds and eggplants. A final way to preserve food is by drying it. When drying, try to find specific directions for each food to ensure quality and safety. Fresh produce such as apples, mushrooms, and grapes can be stored for a long time after being dried. What are the popular methods to preserve food in your country Web users from different areas are welcome to leave a comment in the following Comments section. 【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
18．问题：发言人说，为什么人们要保存新鲜农产品？根据" By following a few basic ways, you can still eat those tasty fruits and vegetables when they are out of season."通过以下几种基本方法，你仍然可以在反季节吃到美味的水果和蔬菜。故选C。
19．问题：哪种方法可以用来保存茄子？根据"Pickling is done by adding salt, pepper or other seasonings to vegetables. Good late-summer produce to pickle includes cucumbers，watermelon rinds and eggplants. ."腌制是在蔬菜中加入盐、胡椒或其他调味料。夏末腌制的好产品包括黄瓜、西瓜皮和茄子。故选C。
20．问题：建议听众做什么？根据"Web users from different areas are welcome to leave a comment in the following Comments section. "欢迎来自不同地区的网络用户在下面的评论部分留言。故选B。
三、单项选择
21．（2022高三上·天津市开学考）—I guess you want to play tennis.
— ____ That' s exactly what I was thinking too.
A．I didn' t get it. B．It' s up to you.
C．You never know. D．You read my mind.
【答案】C
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——我猜你想去打篮球。——你知我心。这正是我所想的。A. I didn't get it"我不明白"；B. It's up to you"一切由你"；C. You never know"很难说"；D. You read my mind"你知我心"。结合That's exactly what I was thinking about可知，该空说话者想去打篮球，"你知我心"符合语境。故选D。
【点评】考查情景交际，区分I didn' t get it.；It' s up to you.；You never know.和：You read my mind.的含义和使用环境。
22．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） According to the air traffic rules, you____switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
A．may B．can C．would D．should
【答案】D
【知识点】情态动词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：按照空中交通规则，你应当在登机前关掉你的手机。A：may"可以"；B：can"能够，可能"；C：would"将会，过去常常"；D：should "应该"。这里表示按照规定应该怎么做，根据句意和各个选项的含义可知答案。故选D。
【点评】考查情态动词辨析，区分may；can；would和should的含义和应用。
23．In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ______in traffic.
A．the most organized B．more organized
C．so organized as D．as organized as
【答案】B
【知识点】形容词比较级
【解析】【分析 】句意是：在我看伦敦在价格上没有东京贵，但是东京在交通方面要（比伦敦)更有序。因为是和伦敦对比，所以用比较级。选B。
24．（2022高三上·天津市开学考）—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend
—Terry Never! She____tents and fresh air!
A．has hated B．hated C．will hate D．hates
【答案】D
【知识点】动词第三人称单数；一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道Terry这个周末会去露营么？——Terry？绝对不会！他讨厌帐篷和新鲜空气。 A、has hated 是现在完成时；B、hated 是一般过去时；C、will hate 是一般将来时；D、hates 是一般现在时。 讲述的是客观事实用一般现在时，故选D。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般现在时。
25．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） Plastic takes hundreds of years to ____and, as it does so, poisonous substances are released into the water and soil.
A．knock out B．turn away C．come up D．break down
【答案】D
【知识点】动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：塑料需要数百年才能分解，在分解过程中，有毒物质会释放到水中和土壤中。A：knock out"击倒，打破"；B：turn away"撵走"；C：come up"出现，被提出"；D：break down"分解"根据句意此处指塑料分解。故选D。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析，区分knock out；turn away；come up和break down的含义。
26．（2021高三上·旬邑月考）My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ______to balance it.
A．having tried B．trying C．to try D．tried
【答案】B
【知识点】非谓语动词；单独使用to的不定式
【解析】【分析 】这题考查不定式做目的状语的用法：句意是：有人看见骑车很不熟练的我姐姐正坐在自行车上尽力的想保持平衡。选B。
27．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） — Are you ready for Spain
— Yes. I want the girls to experience that____they are young.
A．while B．until C．if D．before
【答案】A
【知识点】时间状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：——你准备好去西班牙了吗？——是的。我想让这些女孩子趁着年轻的时候去感受一下西班牙。A：while"当……时候"；B：until"直到"；C：if"如果"；D：before "在……之前"。根据句意，此处是while引导的时间状语促进，故选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及while引导的时间状语从句。
28．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） In recent years many football clubs____as business to make a profit.
A．have run B．have been run
C．had been run D．will run
【答案】B
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：近年来，许多足球俱乐部都以营利为目的进行经营。A、having tried：表示已经尝试过，是现在分词短语作结果状语。B、trying：表示正在尝试，是现在分词作伴随状语。C、to try：表示将要尝试，是不定式作目的状语。D、tried：表示已经尝试过，是过去分词作结果状语。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in recent years，可知应用现在完成时，又因为clubs 和run的关系是被动的，所以应用被动语态。故选B。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
29．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） If there's a lot of work____. I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A．to do B．to be doing C．done D．doing
【答案】A
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：如果有很多工作要做，我很乐意一直干到完成。此处to do在句中作定语修饰work，不定式作定语往往表示未发生的动作，放在被修饰词的名词、代词后。故选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作定语。
30．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about____he will do or think.
A．what B．which C．whom D．that
【答案】A
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为他最好的朋友，我能精准的猜到他将要做什么或者他会怎么想。 he will do or think 是宾语从句，主句和从句都缺宾语，主句about后缺宾语，从句do和think后缺宾语，应用what。故选A。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句。
31．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） Something as simple as____some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.
A．to drink B．drinking
C．to be drinking D．drunk
【答案】B
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：像喝冷水这样简单的事情也可以让你头脑清醒，放松压力。句中的Something as simple as drinking some cold water共同作主语，谓语是clear和relieve。不定式虽然也可以作主语，但在此题中有as…as结构，且这里不是指将来某一次的动作，所以要选择和something较一致的动名词而不是不定式。故选B。
【点评】卡非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作主语。
32．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） It has been proved____eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A．if B．because C．when D．that
【答案】D
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：事实证明，小时候吃蔬菜有助于保护你在以后的生活中免受严重疾病的侵袭。此句it是形式主语，真正的主语是 ____eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life，从句部分是一个完整的陈述句，不缺句子成分。所以应用that引导。故选D。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句。
33．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） We went through a period____communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A．witch B．whose C．in which D．with which
【答案】C
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们经历了一段农村地区通讯非常困难的时期。 communications were very difficult in the rural areas 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a period，此处使用"介词+关系代词"的结构，引导词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词period，为物。故用in which。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及in which引导的限制性定语从句。
34．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） So much of interest____that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
【答案】C
【知识点】倒装句
【解析】【分析】句意：北京提供这么多有趣的地方，以至于游客还没看完就没时间了。so…that句型的倒装句的用法：so/such放在句首时，后面用部分倒装，即将be动词，助动词，情态动词提到主语前，故选C。
【点评】考查倒装句，本题涉及so...that...结构中的部分倒装。
35．（2019高三上·牡丹江开学考）______ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A．However B．Whatever C．No matter D．Although
【答案】A
【知识点】让步状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：无论你做了多么好的准备，在登山的时候你还是需要很多的运气。横线后面有形容词短语well prepared，说明只能使用however对其进行修饰。Whatever后面接名词，no matter后面接特殊疑问词。Although引导让步状语从句，后边接陈述句语序。故选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及however引导的让步状语从句。
四、完形填空
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 完形填空
It was Barton's third Sunday volunteering at the retirement home(养老院). He had thought it would be a good way to 36． .
While on a short break, Barton took a walk through the 37． . There he saw many elderly sitting on benches, 38． together joyfully. Crossing the courtyard, he 39． a man sitting alone at a table with a chessboard(棋盘) in front of him. Barton watched with 40． as the man stared at the pieces(棋子), 41． them and did the same from the other side of the 42． .
Each Sunday, Barton would see the man doing the 43． thing. While everyone else talked with one another or happily 44． , the man would sit, slightly hunched(弓背) over, and scratch his chin. His eyes 45． came off the chessboard.
One Sunday, Barton went to the garden on his break, 46． to see the man at his normal spot. But he wasn't there. It was Father's Day, and there were many 47． at the retirement home. They had joyful family 48． , enjoying each other's company. Barton shrugged and thought the man must be busy with his family.
That afternoon, Barton was mopping the hallways 49． he happened to pass by the man's room. The door was slightly 50． , and he could see the man sitting in a chair next to the window, glaring out at the courtyard. Barton 51． lightly and asked to come in. The man 52． . Barton saw a collection of framed(放在框中的) photographs on the bedside table. " Are those your 53． " he asked. " Yes, they're all 54． and live far away. They have their own kids now. " he replied. Barton, not wanting the man to feel lonely on 55． , stayed to play chess with him.
36．A．give back B．take back C．drive back D．turn back
37．A．che B．garde C．home D．window
38．A．working B．arguing C．chatting D．mopping
39．A．prevented B．watched C．allowed D．noticed
40．A．curiosity B．anger C．satisfactio D．joy
41．A．exchanged B．threw C．moved D．removed
42．A．way B．courtyard C．chessboard D．bench
43．A．special B．interesting C．wrong D．same
44．A．carried o B．carried away C．carried off D．carried out
45．A．eventually B．constantly C．gradually D．rarely
46．A．planning B．expecting C．happening D．Intending
47．A．visitor B．game C．performance D．pieces
48．A．photo B．feast C．gathering D．activities
49．A．after B．before C．whe D．while
50．A．broke B．tight C．twisted D．open
51．A．touched B．checked C．pushed D．knocked
52．A．unmoved B．refused C．hesitated D．nodded
53．A．childre B．neighbor C．pet D．relatives
54．A．usele B．grow C．lost D．distant
55．A．his birthday B．holiday C．Father's Day D．Christmas
【答案】36．A；37．B；38．C；39．D；40．A；41．C；42．C；43．D；44．A；45．D；46．B；47．A；48．C；49．C；50．D；51．D；52．D；53．A；54．B；55．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Barton在养老院做志愿工作，父亲节那天陪一个孤单的老人下棋的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，状语从句，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
36．句意：他认为这是回报的一种好方法。A. give back"回报，归还"；B. take back"取回，拿回"；C. drive back"驱车返回"；D. turn back"往回走"。根据上文的"volunteering"可知，做志愿工作是回报社会的一种好方法。故选A。
37．句意：在短暂的休息期间，Barton穿过花园散步。A. chess"象棋"；B. garden"花园"；C. home"家"；D. window"窗户"。根据下文"There he saw many elderly sitting on benches"在那里，他看到许多老人坐在长凳上。可知，此处应是穿过花园。下文"One Sunday, Barton went to the garden on his break"也是提示。故选B。
38．句意：在那里，他看到许多老人坐在长凳上愉快地聊天。A. working"工作"；B. arguing"争吵"；C. chatting"聊天"；D. mopping"拖地，擦去"。根据空前"many elderly sitting on benches"可知，很多老人应是坐在长凳上愉快地聊天。下文"While everyone else talked with one another or happily 9 "也是提示。故选C。
39．句意：穿过院子，他注意到一个男人独自坐在桌前，面前摆着棋盘。A. prevented"阻止"；B. watched"观看"；C. allowed"允许"；D. noticed"注意到"。根据空后"a man sitting alone at a table with a chessboard(棋盘) in front of him"可知，此处是Barton注意到的事情。故选D。
40．句意：Barton好奇地注视着，那个男人盯着棋子，移动它们，在棋盘的另一边也这样做。A. curiosity"好奇"；B. anger"生气"；C. satisfaction"满意"；D. joy"欢乐"。根据空前"watched"及空后描述男人的举动可知，Barton是出于好奇才注视着男人的举动。故选A。
41．句意：Barton好奇地注视着，那个男人盯着棋子，移动它们，在棋盘的另一边也这样做。A. exchanged"交换"；B. threw"扔"；C. moved"移动"；D. removed"移除"。根据空前"the man stared at the pieces(棋子)"可知，此处指移动棋子。故选C。
42．句意：Barton好奇地注视着，那个男人盯着棋子，移动它们，在棋盘的另一边也这样做。A. way"方法"；B. courtyard"院子"；C. chessboard"棋盘"；D. bench"长凳"。根据语境可知，这个男人是一个人在下棋，所以此处指在棋盘的另一边也移动棋子。故选C。
43．句意：每个周日，Barton都会看到那个男人做同样的事情。A. special"特殊的"；B. interesting "有趣的"；C. wrong"错误的"；D. same"同样的"。结合语境及下文的描述可知，每周日那个男人总是做同样的事情。故选D。
44．句意：当别的人都在互相交谈或愉快地继续时，这个男人会微微弓背坐着，挠着下巴。A. carried on"进行，继续"；B. carried away"运走"；C. carried off"夺走"；D. carried out"执行，实施"。结合语境可知，此处指"继续愉快地交谈"。故选A。
45．句意：他的眼睛很少离开棋盘。A. eventually"最终"；B. constantly"不断地"；C. gradually"逐渐"；D. rarely"很少，难得"。根据上文可知，别人都在聊天，只有那个男人在下棋，所以此处指目光"很少"离开棋盘。故选D。
46．句意：一个星期天，Barton去花园休息，期待在平常的地方看到那个男人。A. planning "计划"；B. expecting"期望，期待"；C. happening"碰巧"；D. intending"打算，意图"。根据上文，每个周日那个男人都会做同样的事；以及下文"But he wasn't there."可知，Barton期待在老地方看到那个男人，但是他不在。故选B。
47．句意：这天是父亲节，养老院有很多访客。A. visitors"访问者，参观者"；B. games"游戏"；C. performances"表演"；D. pieces"碎片"。根据空前"It was Father's Day"及下文"enjoying each other's company"可知，父亲节应是有很多家人来看望老人， 故选A。
48．句意：他们有快乐的家庭聚会，享受彼此的陪伴。A. photos"照片"；B. feasts"宴会"；C. gatherings"聚会，聚集"；D. activities"活动"。根据空后"enjoying each other's company"可知，此处指家庭聚会，享受彼此陪伴。故选C。
49．句意：那天下午，Barton 正在走廊拖地时，碰巧经过那个男人的房间。A. after"在……之后"；B. before"在……之前"；C. when"当……时"；D. while"当……时"。结合句意可知，此处指"拖地时碰巧经过那个男人的房间"，且从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，应用when引导。故选C。
50．句意：门微微开着，他可以看到那个男人坐在窗边的椅子上，盯着外面的院子。A. broken"坏掉的，破碎的"；B. tight"紧的"；C. twisted"扭曲的"；D. open"开着的"。根据空后"he could see the man…"可知，门微微开着。故选D。
51．句意：Barton 轻轻地敲门，请求进来。A. touched"触摸"；B. checked"检查"；C. pushed"推"；D. knocked"敲"。根据空后"asked to come in"可知，应是敲门请求进来。故选D。
52．句意：那个男人点点头。A. unmoved"没有移动"；B. refused"拒绝"；C. hesitated"犹豫"；D. nodded"点头"。根据下文"Barton saw a collection of framed(放在框中的) photographs on the bedside table."可知，Barton进了房间，所以男人应是点头。故选D。
53．句意："那都是你的孩子吗？"他问。A. children"孩子"；B. neighbors"邻居"；C. pets"宠物"；D. relatives"亲戚"。格努下文"they're all 19 and live far away. They have their own kids now."及语境可知，此处应是问照片里的人是不是他的孩子。故选A。
54．句意："是的，他们都已经长大了，住得很远。他们现在都有自己的孩子。"他回答。A. useless"没有用的"；B. grown"长大的"；C. lost"迷路的"；D. distant"遥远的"。根据下文"They have their own kids now."可知，他们都已经长大。故选B。
55．句意：Barton 不想让这个男人在父亲节感到孤单，就留下来陪他下棋。A. his birthday"他的生日"；B. holiday"假期"；C. Father's Day"父亲节"；D. Christmas"圣诞节"。根据上文"It was Father's Day"可知，这天是父亲节。故选C。
五、阅读理解
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 阅读理解
The Best of Alaska
Nothing evokes (唤起）Alaska like a whale exploding out of the water or an eagle pulling a silver fish from the bine these images with high mountains, and wonderful meals, and you really do have the Best of Alaska! Join us for an unforgettable 7-day journey to the last border!
HIGHLIGHTS:
JUNEAU: Juneau, the state capital, is rich in culture and scenic beauty. It is here that we start and end our trip.
HAINES: Haines is a small community located along the fiords. The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a most important center for adventure in Alaska. In 2004, Haines was listed by Outside Magazine and National Geographic Adventure as one of the best places for recreation and living.
ALASKA INDIAN ARTS: Alaska Indian Arts is a non-profit corporation devoted to the preservation and continuation of traditional native craft and culture of the Northwest Native Tribes . Alaska Indian Arts is also the headquarters for several of Alaska's outstanding craftsmen. We spend a few hours learning carving, native beading and culture from these master artists.
SKAGWAY: Skagway is famous for its role in the Klondike Gold Stampede over 100 years ago. Today, it is a historic yet lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops. In Skagway, we stop by the Klondike Gold Rush National Park Visitor's Center and ride the White Pass Yukon Route Railway.
GUSTANUS: Gustanus is the gateway to the Glacier Bay National Park. We'll stay at a comfortable lodge here for two nights. This will be the base for both the whale-watching journey and a full-day voyage in Glacier Bay.
DATES/PRICES:
May 16, June 20, July 18, August 15. 7 days—$3, 500, including lodging, all meals, guides, park fees, sales taxes, and transportation between Juneau, Skagway, Haines, and Gustanus. Not included: alcohol, personal items, airfare to and from Juneau.
CONTACTS:
E-mail: info@ Call: (800)766-3396 Write: Alaska Mountain Guides &Climbing School P. O. Box 1081, Haines AK 99827
56．According to the advertisement, the participants of the journey____.
A．are able to experience some adventurous activities in Haines
B．can contact Alaska Mountain Guides &Climbing School by e-mail or fax
C．will spend one day experiencing the local culture at Alaska Indian Arts
D．can get lots of traditional native artworks free of charge
57．You can feel the history of the local place at____.
A．Juneau B．Skagway C．Haines D．Gustanus
58．Which of the following requires participants to pay additional fees
A．Going from Gustanus to Juneau by train.
B．A full-day voyage in Glacier Bay.
C．Having the last supper at Juneau.
D．Flying to Juneau.
59．What can you learn from the advertisement
A．Juneau is much more beautiful than Haines.
B．The culture of the Northwest Native Tribes is dying out.
C．Alaska is famous for its culture, history and natural beauty.
D．Skagway was the richest town in Alaska in the past.
60．The passage is written to ____.
A．introduce the history of Alaska
B．introduce the activities in Alaska
C．show the culture, history and beauty of Alaska
D．attract readers to visit Alaska
【答案】56．A
57．B
58．D
59．C
60．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，以广告的形式介绍了阿拉斯加的精华旅游之处。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇广告，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
56．考查推理判断。根据HAINES部分中的"The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a most important center for adventure in Alaska."这里的自然美景和广阔的荒野使Haines成为阿拉斯加最重要的探险中心。可知Haines是阿拉斯加最重要的探险中心，可推断出这次旅行的参与者能够在Haines体验一些冒险活动。故选A。
57．考查推理判断。根据SKAGWAY部分中的"Today, it is a historic yet lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops."今天，这是一个历史悠久而又生机勃勃的小镇，它仍然反映了它的淘金之根，蕴含着丰富多彩的商店。可知SKAGWAY是一个历史悠久而又生机勃勃的小镇，可推断出游客可在Skagway感受当地的历史。故选B。
58．考查细节理解。根据DATES/PRICES部分中的"Not included: alcohol, personal items, airfare to and from Juneau."不包括：酒精，个人物品，往返Juneau的机票。可知不包含往返Juneau的机票，所以飞往Juneau要求参与者支付额外费用。故选D。
59．考查推理判断。根据JUNEAU部分中的"Juneau, the state capital, is rich in culture and scenic beauty."朱诺是州首府，文化丰富，风景秀丽太美了；HAINES部分中的"The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a most important center for adventure in Alaska."这里的自然美景和广阔的荒野使Haines成为阿拉斯加最重要的探险中心。可知，阿拉斯加风景美；ALASKA INDIAN ARTS部分中的"Alaska Indian Arts is a non-profit corporation devoted to the preservation and continuation of traditional native craft and culture of the Northwest Native Tribes. Alaska Indian Arts is also the headquarters for several of Alaska's outstanding craftsmen."阿拉斯加印第安艺术是一个非营利性的公司，致力于保护和延续西北土著的传统工艺和文化部落。阿拉斯加印第安艺术也是阿拉斯加几位杰出艺术家的总部工匠。可知去阿拉斯加可以了解西北土著的传统工艺和文化部落；以及SKAGWAY部分中的"Today, it is a historic yet lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops."今天，这是一个历史悠久而又生机勃勃的小镇，它仍然反映了它的淘金之根，蕴含着丰富多彩的商店。可知游客在Skagway可以感受当地的历史；可推断出阿拉斯加以其文化、历史和自然美景而闻名。故选C。
60．考查推理判断。根据标题"The Best of Alaska"阿拉斯加的精华；以及第一段中的"Join us for an unforgettable 7-day journey to the last border!"加入我们，进行一次令人难忘的7天旅程，前往最后的边境！可知本文主要介绍了阿拉斯加的精华旅游点，目的就是为了吸引读者参观阿拉斯加。故选D。
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 阅读理解
Recently, as I watched my son Nathan playing basketball game, I felt sorry for myself and for him. He was playing in the other team' s home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan' s team was falling behind for three quarters of the game. As for me, I was dismissed from my job earlier in the day.
Watching the difficult situation that my son was experiencing, I remembered that during the drive home earlier in the day, I kept telling myself that " just like last time I experienced this, I' ll find work again in a short time—I' m confident in my experience and abilities and believe in myself. " But then, self-doubt hit me.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan' s team still falling behind. I saw the determination on his, as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie with the other team, but then go ahead by three points. Then, the scores were tied again. With a tie game and seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball, and with skill and confidence, he moved forward to make the basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul.
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face; there was no room for self-doubt. He made it, helping his team win the game. Later he told me he didn' t know how he did it because he had lost all feelings in his right arm from being thrown to the floor earlier the game.
As my heart burst with pride, I realized something. I had taught my son—perseverance in the face of difficulties, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was swept away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He' ll play in the finals, but it doesn' t matter if he wins or loses. On that day, we both won.
61．Why did the author feel sorry
A．He used to be too busy to accompany Nathan.
B．Nathan' s team was too weak to compete in the game.
C．He had made a big mistake in his work.
D．He and Nathan were both going through a hard time.
62．What can be inferred about the author
A．He had lost his job more than once.
B．He always lacked self-confidence.
C．He didn' t know his abilities well.
D．He disliked the job he had been doing.
63．How was the last quarter of the game
A．Nathan' s teammates lost hope.
B．The other team played casually.
C．The game was very fierce at last.
D．It ended up with a big score difference.
64．We can learn from the passage that Nathan____.
A．had always been the author' s pride and joy
B．wouldn' t have won but for the author' s
C．wasn' t surprised at the result of the game at all
D．played very well in the game despite his injury
65．What was the author' s win on that day
A．He found his true passion.
B．He overcame his self-doubt.
C．He learnt something new from his son.
D．He finally won his son' s respect.
【答案】61．D
62．A
63．C
64．D
65．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者因为被解雇而难过，并产生了自我怀疑。当在球场上看到儿子面对比赛中的困难表现出的坚持和毅力时，作者被激励了，重新获得了自信和面对困难的勇气。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
61．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"He was playing in the other team's home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan's team was falling behind for three quarters of the game. As for me, I was dismissed from my job earlier in the day."他在另一支球队的主场体育馆里打球，那里充满了他们的支持者，而Nathan的球队在比赛进行到四分之三时落后于对手。至于我，我今天早些时候被解雇了。可知，Nathan的球队在比赛中落后于对手，而作者今天早些时候被解雇了。可推断出，作者感到难过是因为他和Nathan都正在经历一段艰难的时期。故选D。
62．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"I remembered that during the drive home earlier in the day, I kept telling myself that ‘just like last time I experienced this, I'll find work again in a short time—I'm confident in my experience and abilities and believe in myself.'"我记得那天早些时候开车回家的时候，我一直告诉自己"就像上次我经历的那样，我很快就会找到工作的，我对自己的经验和能力充满信心，并相信自己。可知，作者相信自己会和上次一样，很快就会找到工作的。所以说，作者不止一次丢了工作。故选A。
63．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"I saw the determination on his, as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie with the other team, but then go ahead by three points. Then, the scores were tied again."我看到了他的决心，也看到了他的队友们脸上的决心，他们奋力反击，不仅与对方打成平手，而且领先三分。然后，比分又平了。可知，在比赛的最后四分之一部分，Nathan的球队奋力反击，双方打成平手，然后Nathan的球队领先对方三分，然后，比分又平了。可推断，在最后四分之一部分，比赛非常激烈。故选C。
64．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"He made it, helping his team win the game. Later he told me he didn't know how he did it because he had lost all feelings in his right arm from being thrown to the floor earlier the game."他成功了，帮助他的球队赢得了比赛。后来他告诉我他不知道自己是怎么做到的，因为他在比赛刚开始的时候被摔到地板上，右臂失去了所有的感觉。可知，在比赛刚开始时，Nathan受伤了，但他仍然帮助他的球队赢得了比赛。所以说，尽管Nathan受伤了，但在比赛中表现得很好。故选D。
65．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was swept away by the actions of my son on the basketball court."那短暂的自我怀疑和难过的瞬间被我儿子在篮球场上的行为一扫而光。可知，看到儿子在球场上面对困难时的坚持和毅力，我不再自我怀疑和难过了，也有了面对困难的勇气。可推断，作者在那天赢了，因为他克服了自我怀疑。故选B。
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 阅读理解
The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1, 500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, a subdivision of 95 " zero-energy homes" (ZEH) just outside town. Now they' re actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they' ve lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they haven' t paid a cent.
ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low-power appliances and solar panels.
Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of conventional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and retaining indoor warmth in winter.
The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don' t just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility' s power grid (电网). The residents are billed by " net metering" : they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.
That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it' s not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. " It helps us lower usage at peak power times, " says solar expert Mike Keesee. " That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time. "
What' s not to like Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer, it' s a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities.
66．Why are the Gatais eager to see their electricity bills now
A．They want to see how much they have saved.
B．They want to cut down their utility expenses.
C．They want to know if they are able to pay.
D．They want to avoid being overcharged.
67．What is special about the ZEH communities
A．They have created cutting-edge technologies.
B．They aim to produce enough power themselves. .
C．They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.
D．They are built in harmony with the environment.
68．How are the residents in the ZEH communities billed for electricity use
A．They are only charged for the amount of power they consume on rainy days.
B．They needn' t pay a single cent for their power consumption on sunny days.
C．They only pay for the excess power that flows into the utility' s power grid.
D．They pay for the electricity from the grid less their home-generated power.
69．What does the " net metering" practice mean to the power company
A．More pressure at peak time.
B．Less profits in the short term.
C．Increased electricity output.
D．Reduced operational costs.
70．The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community ____.
A．is but a dream for average consumers
B．gives the owner substantial tax benefits
C．is a worthy investment in the long run
D．contributes to environmental protection
【答案】66．A
67．B
68．D
69．D
70．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明，介绍ZHE社区，"零能源住宅"，从长远来看可以节省公共事业费用，是一项值得的投资。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
66．考查细节理解。根据第一段"The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1, 500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, a subdivision of 95 " zero-energy homes" (ZEH) just outside town. Now they' re actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they' ve lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they haven' t paid a cent. "过去，当盖泰一家收到通常超过200美元的电费账单时，他们会皱起眉头。去年9月，这对夫妇搬进了位于Premier Gardens的一套1500平方英尺的住宅。Premier Gardens是镇外95栋"零能源住宅"(ZEH)的一个分区。现在他们真的很想看到他们的电费账单。他们在这套三居室的房子里住了10个月，总共花了75美元。过去两个月他们一分钱都没付。根据前后账单的对比，可知他们是想看能节省多少钱，故选A。
67．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume." ZEH社区是最前沿的技术，有一天它可能会建造出能产生和耗能一样多的房屋。可知，ZEH 社区旨在自己可以产出足够的能源。故选B。
68．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的" The residents are billed by ‘ net metering' : they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero. " 居民们是通过"净计量"计费的：他们支付的是他们从电网中抽走的电量，而不是他们输入电网的千瓦数。如果一个家庭的发电量大于用电量，那么这个费用为零。可知，他们支付的是电网的电力，而不是自己家里产生的电力，故选D。
69．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"‘It helps us lower usage at peak power times,' says solar expert Mike Keesee. ；‘That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.'" 太阳能专家Mike Keesee说:"它可以帮助我们在高峰时段降低用电量。""这让我们避免了在用电高峰期建造昂贵的电厂或购买昂贵的电力。"可推断"净计量"的做法对电力公司意味着降低了运营成本。故选D。
70．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"What' s not to like Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer, it' s a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities. " 对于消费者来说，问题是现在为硬件付费，以节省以后的公用事业费用。在作者看来，从长远来看，这是一项值得的投资。故选C。
（2022高三上·天津市开学考）阅读理解
The study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.
The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiment is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear – casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.
Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.
Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.
Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducible is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren't invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid
Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research ), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance ), and rigour (is the research technically right ). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications, the better.
Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data-Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.
The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.
With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.
71．What crisis is the study of psychology facing
A．The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.
B．The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.
C．The Ref' s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.
D．The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.
72．What do the numbers in Para. 3 indicate
A．Scientific studies may not prove scientific.
B．Science needs to be updated frequently.
C．Journals should be stricter with studies.
D．It is getting hard to count on scientists.
73．The Ref's focus on originality has brought about ____.
A．a reliable body of knowledge
B．publications exploring new areas
C．tests of well-established theories
D．uninteresting replications of studies
74．We can infer from the passage that the Ref ____.
A．is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universities
B．provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunities
C．recognizes researchers' work and adds to their attractiveness to students
D．is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission
75．What does the writer mean by saying ''be a good scientist''
A．Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.
B．Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.
C．Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.
D．Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.
【答案】71．C
72．A
73．B
74．A
75．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述重复研究是否是正确的，好的科学家应该是专注于原创性，发表论文探索新的研究领域，使用新的范式，避免测试已经确立的理论。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
71．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies."Ref导致了一种研究文化，这种文化阻碍了稳定心理学的尝试，尤其是稳定科学的尝试。Ref鼓励大学以4星论文的形式推动突破性的、创新的和令人兴奋的研究，但它并不奖励那些复制研究的人的努力。可知，面临的危机是Ref对重复学习的不关心导致了令人担忧的后果。"Ref对重复学习的冷漠导致了令人担忧的后果"符合以上说法，故选C。
72．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought."虽然97%的原始研究有统计学意义的结果，但只有36%的重复研究有相同的结果。同样令人担忧的是：当一种影响确实出现时，它往往比之前认为的要小得多。可推测，这些数据是为了表明所谓的科学研究，其科学性可能不是所期待的那样。故选A。
73．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories –"专注于原创出版物，探索新的研究领域，使用新的范式，避免测试已确立的理论)可知，Ref关注的是出版物探索新领域。故选B。
74．考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research ), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance ), and rigour (is the research technically right ). "因为我们进行研究的系统没有提供任何激励，在英国，参考文献根据研究人员发表的作品的原创性（研究有多创新？）重要性（有实际意义或商业意义吗？）和严谨性（研究在技术上是正确的吗？）对其进行排名。可推断，Ref是一套英国大学研究质量评估系统。故选A。
75．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting". 根据Ref的标准，复制已经完全存在的作品是无趣的；以及最后一段"With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion."在四年后提交下一份参考文献时，许多研究人员实际上面临着一个选择：做一个好的科学家，或者成为一个获得资助和晋升的成功学者)可推断，一个好的科学家应该是追求真理，致力于解决目前的科研危机。故选D。
六、任务型阅读
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 任务型阅读
Diana Nyad, born in 1949, is one of the world's greatest long-distance swimmers. She started as a speed swimmer, winning races in high school and dreaming of the Olympics. However, Nyad fell ill with heart disease before she could compete in the 1968 Olympic Games and had to spend three months in bed. By the time Nyad was better, she was unable to swim as fast as she had previously.
Nyad then turned from speed swimming to distance swimming. Her first race was 10 miles in the cold waters of Lake Ontario. Even though she came in tenth place, she was the first woman ever to complete the course. In 1974, Nyad set a record while swimming a 22-mile race in the Bay of Naples, Italy. That same year she tried to swim back and forth across Lake Ontario, a total of 64 miles. Nyad made it across the lake, but on the return trip, she lost consciousness and had to be pulled from the water. In 1975, she swam around Manhattan Island, a distance of 28 miles, in a record of 7 hours and 57 minutes. Three years later she swam 102 miles from the Bahamas to Florida.
In 2010, at the age of 61, Nyad announced she would swim from Cuba to Florida. In order to train, Nyad spent as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean. The swim from Cuba to Florida would last at least 60 hours and cover 103 miles. Unfortunately, bad weather forced Nyad to wait until the next year. In 2011, Nyad attempted the swim but was blown off course after being in the water for 29 hours. Nyad attempted the swim again a few months later, but she had to stop because of too many jellyfish stings (海蜇蜇伤）.
Despite these setbacks, Nyad continues to preserve and plans to eventually make the Cuba-to-Florida swim. She has made a vow (誓言）to never stop swimming and wants other older Americans to understand that it is never too late to make one's dreams come true.
76．What made Nyad fail to participate in the 1968 Olympic Games (No more than 5 words)
77．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about (No more than 10 words)
78．How did Nyad make preparations for her swimming from Cuba to Florida (No more than 15 words)
79．What does the underlined word " setbacks" in the last paragraph mean (Only 1 word)
80．What inspiration do you learn from Nyad' s stories and experiences (No more than 25 words)
【答案】76．Falling ill with heart disease.
77．The achievements /successes that Nyad achieved. Or: Nyad' s experiences of attending races.
78．She spent as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean. Or: By spending as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean.
79．Difficulties/Challenges /Barriers/Obstacles/Bars/Problems.
80．It is never too late to make one's dreams come true. /We should stick to our dream, never give up and try hard to realize it whatever difficulties or setbacks we meet.
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国长距离游泳运动员Diana Nyad面对挫折永不放弃的人生经历。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和开放题四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。
76．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"However, Nyad fell ill with heart disease before she could compete in the 1968 Olympic Games and had to spend three months in bed."不过Nyad在1968年奥运会之前就患上了心脏病，不得不在床上呆了三个月。可知Nyad患了心脏病。故答案为Falling ill with heart disease.
77．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"Even though she came in tenth place, she was the first woman ever to complete the course."尽管她得了第十名，但她是第一个完成这场比赛的女性；"In 1974, Nyad set a record while swimming a 22-mile race in the Bay of Naples, Italy. That same year she tried to swim back and forth across Lake Ontario, a total of 64 miles."1974年，Nyad在意大利那不勒斯湾游泳时创下了22英里的纪录。同年，她试图来回游过安大略湖，总共64英里；以及"In 1975, she swam around Manhattan Island, a distance of 28 miles, in a record of 7 hours and 57 minutes. Three years later she swam 102 miles from the Bahamas to Florida."1975年，她在曼哈顿岛游了28英里，创下了7小时57分钟的纪录。三年后，她从巴哈马群岛游到佛罗里达州102英里。可知本段主要讲Nyad取得的成就或Nyad参加比赛的经历。故答案为The achievements /successes that Nyad achieved. Or: Nyad's experiences of attending races.
78．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"In 2010, at the age of 61, Nyad announced she would swim from Cuba to Florida. In order to train, Nyad spent as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean."2010年，61岁的Nyad宣布她将从古巴游到佛罗里达州。为了训练，Nyad每天花14个小时在海里游泳。可知为了准备从古巴游到佛罗里达，Nyad每天花14个小时在海里游泳。故答案为She spent as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean. Or: By spending as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean.
79．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"The swim from Cuba to Florida would last at least 60 hours and cover 103 miles. Unfortunately, bad weather forced Nyad to wait until the next year."从古巴到佛罗里达的游泳至少要持续60小时，全程103英里。不幸的是，恶劣的天气迫使Nyad等到第二年；"Nyad attempted the swim again a few months later, but she had to stop because of too many jellyfish stings (海蜇蜇伤）."几个月后，Nyad再次尝试游泳，但由于水母蜇伤太多，她不得不停止游泳；以及和第四段中的"Nyad continues to preserve and plans to eventually make the Cuba-to-Florida swim. She has made a vow (誓言）to never stop swimming and wants other older Americans to understand that it is never too late to make one's dreams come true."Nyad继续保存并计划最终让古巴游到佛罗里达。她发誓永不停止游泳，并希望其他美国老年人明白，实现梦想永远不会太晚。可知Nyad两次尝试从古巴至弗罗里达州的长距离游泳均因客观因素导致失败，虽然有挫折/困难，但她立誓不会放弃游泳，可知setbacks在此处意为"困难/挑战/障碍/问题"。故答案为Difficulties/Challenges /Barriers/Obstacles/Bars/Problems.
80．考查开放式答题。考生可紧抓文章中心大意"美国长距离游泳运动员Diana Nyad面对挫折永不放弃，认为实现梦想永远不会太晚"，适当总结从文章中学到的道理，言之有理即可。故答案为It is never too late to make one's dreams come true. Or: We should stick to our dream, never give up and try hard to realize it whatever difficulties or setbacks we meet.
七、书面表达
81．（2020高三上·天津月考）假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，最近你将有机会和当地的一家英文报社记者一起，参加采访报道活动，请根据以下提示给报社组织这项活动的编辑写一封电子邮件：
1）你打算参加的栏目组（从社会、文化、体育和人物专栏中任选其一）；
2）选择该栏目组的原因及关于该栏目你想采访报道的内容；
3）希望从中有何收获。
注意：
1）词数不少于 100；
2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。
【答案】Dear editor,
I feel delighted to know that I have the opportunity to participate in the reporting activity with a reporter. Among all the columns, the one that attracts me most is the culture column.
The reasons are as follow. First of all, the culture column deeply researches and reports the local characteristic culture, which will improve my cognition ability. What's more, the aim for me to choose this column is to understand how to develop traditional culture in modern society. For example, how do people in local protect their traditional folk songs singing culture when they meet with new popular music culture And I hope that I will have some chances to pay a visit to certain folk songs singers, so that I can have a better understanding of their ways in protecting and inheriting folk songs.
I'd appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration. Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Jin
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以晨光中学的学生李津的身份给报社组织活动的编辑写一封电子邮件。写作背景：最近你将有机会和当地的一家英文报社记者一起，参加采访报道活动。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）你打算参加的栏目组（从社会、文化、体育和人物专栏中任选其一）；2）选择该栏目组的原因及关于该栏目你想采访报道的内容；3）希望从中有何收获。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I feel delighted to know that I have the opportunity to participate in the reporting activity with a reporter. 运用了不定式作原因状语和宾语从句；Among all the columns, the one that attracts me most is the culture column.运用了限制性定语从句； First of all, the culture column deeply researches and reports the local characteristic culture, which will improve my cognition ability. 运用了非限制性定语从句； For example, how do people in local protect their traditional folk songs singing culture when they meet with new popular music culture 运用了时间状语从句；And I hope that I will have some chances to pay a visit to certain folk songs singers, so that I can have a better understanding of their ways in protecting and inheriting folk songs.运用了宾语从句和目的状语从句；I'd appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration.运用了I'd appreciate it if...固定句式。
1 / 1天津市2023届新高三秋季开学摸底考试卷
一、听对话回答问题
1．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） What will the man probably do next
A．Go to school.
B．Book online classes.
C．Study online.
2．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） How much does the woman need to pay
A．87 dollars. B．89 dollars. C．90 dollars.
3．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） Where is the wheelchair now
A．By the gate. B．In the garden. C．Under the stairs.
4．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） Who will wake the woman up
A．Jack' s roommate. B．Jack. C．The woman's alarm.
5．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） What does the man think of the woman
A．Helpful. B．Relaxed. C．Careless.
二、听长对话回答问题
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．Who holds a different view on Nickelback' s music
A．Eric. B．Anna. C．Candy.
7．What does the expression " my two cents" mean
A．A little sum of money.
B．Something worthwhile but small.
C．Opinions of little value in others' eyes.
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．How long has the woman kept dogs
A．13 years. B．16 years. C．33 years.
9．What caused the man to dislike dogs most
A．Their waste. B．Their smell. C．Their fur.
10．What does the woman suggest the man do
A．Keep a pet dog.
B．Read books about dogs.
C．Watch documentaries about dogs.
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11．What' s new in the newspaper
A．A study about flowers.
B．A new way of planting flowers.
C．A program about making honey.
12．Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers
A．People with mental illness.
B．Students with difficulty in study.
C．Adults with physical health problems.
13．What' s the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates.
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．What will the woman and man do next Friday
A．Watch an American football game.
B．Attend a basketball game.
C．Throw a party.
15．What activity is the woman responsible for
A．Organizing the lecture.
B．Managing volunteers.
C．Cooking the Christmas meal.
16．What will the man help the woman do
A．Design the poster.
B．Create the PowerPoint slides.
C．Direct the audience to their seats.
17．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Christmas activities.
B．PowerPoint making.
C．Lecture preparations.
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18．Why do people preserve fresh produce according to the speaker
A．To make them tasty.
B．To make more money.
C．To eat them at different time.
19．Which method can be applied to preserve eggplants
A．Freezing. B．Canning. C．Pickling.
20．What are listeners advised to do
A．Following the instructions.
B．Leaving their opinions.
C．Interacting with the speaker
三、单项选择
21．（2022高三上·天津市开学考）—I guess you want to play tennis.
— ____ That' s exactly what I was thinking too.
A．I didn' t get it. B．It' s up to you.
C．You never know. D．You read my mind.
22．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） According to the air traffic rules, you____switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
A．may B．can C．would D．should
23．In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ______in traffic.
A．the most organized B．more organized
C．so organized as D．as organized as
24．（2022高三上·天津市开学考）—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend
—Terry Never! She____tents and fresh air!
A．has hated B．hated C．will hate D．hates
25．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） Plastic takes hundreds of years to ____and, as it does so, poisonous substances are released into the water and soil.
A．knock out B．turn away C．come up D．break down
26．（2021高三上·旬邑月考）My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ______to balance it.
A．having tried B．trying C．to try D．tried
27．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） — Are you ready for Spain
— Yes. I want the girls to experience that____they are young.
A．while B．until C．if D．before
28．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） In recent years many football clubs____as business to make a profit.
A．have run B．have been run
C．had been run D．will run
29．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） If there's a lot of work____. I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A．to do B．to be doing C．done D．doing
30．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about____he will do or think.
A．what B．which C．whom D．that
31．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） Something as simple as____some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.
A．to drink B．drinking
C．to be drinking D．drunk
32．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） It has been proved____eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A．if B．because C．when D．that
33．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） We went through a period____communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A．witch B．whose C．in which D．with which
34．（2022高三上·天津市开学考） So much of interest____that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
35．（2019高三上·牡丹江开学考）______ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A．However B．Whatever C．No matter D．Although
四、完形填空
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 完形填空
It was Barton's third Sunday volunteering at the retirement home(养老院). He had thought it would be a good way to 36． .
While on a short break, Barton took a walk through the 37． . There he saw many elderly sitting on benches, 38． together joyfully. Crossing the courtyard, he 39． a man sitting alone at a table with a chessboard(棋盘) in front of him. Barton watched with 40． as the man stared at the pieces(棋子), 41． them and did the same from the other side of the 42． .
Each Sunday, Barton would see the man doing the 43． thing. While everyone else talked with one another or happily 44． , the man would sit, slightly hunched(弓背) over, and scratch his chin. His eyes 45． came off the chessboard.
One Sunday, Barton went to the garden on his break, 46． to see the man at his normal spot. But he wasn't there. It was Father's Day, and there were many 47． at the retirement home. They had joyful family 48． , enjoying each other's company. Barton shrugged and thought the man must be busy with his family.
That afternoon, Barton was mopping the hallways 49． he happened to pass by the man's room. The door was slightly 50． , and he could see the man sitting in a chair next to the window, glaring out at the courtyard. Barton 51． lightly and asked to come in. The man 52． . Barton saw a collection of framed(放在框中的) photographs on the bedside table. " Are those your 53． " he asked. " Yes, they're all 54． and live far away. They have their own kids now. " he replied. Barton, not wanting the man to feel lonely on 55． , stayed to play chess with him.
36．A．give back B．take back C．drive back D．turn back
37．A．che B．garde C．home D．window
38．A．working B．arguing C．chatting D．mopping
39．A．prevented B．watched C．allowed D．noticed
40．A．curiosity B．anger C．satisfactio D．joy
41．A．exchanged B．threw C．moved D．removed
42．A．way B．courtyard C．chessboard D．bench
43．A．special B．interesting C．wrong D．same
44．A．carried o B．carried away C．carried off D．carried out
45．A．eventually B．constantly C．gradually D．rarely
46．A．planning B．expecting C．happening D．Intending
47．A．visitor B．game C．performance D．pieces
48．A．photo B．feast C．gathering D．activities
49．A．after B．before C．whe D．while
50．A．broke B．tight C．twisted D．open
51．A．touched B．checked C．pushed D．knocked
52．A．unmoved B．refused C．hesitated D．nodded
53．A．childre B．neighbor C．pet D．relatives
54．A．usele B．grow C．lost D．distant
55．A．his birthday B．holiday C．Father's Day D．Christmas
五、阅读理解
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 阅读理解
The Best of Alaska
Nothing evokes (唤起）Alaska like a whale exploding out of the water or an eagle pulling a silver fish from the bine these images with high mountains, and wonderful meals, and you really do have the Best of Alaska! Join us for an unforgettable 7-day journey to the last border!
HIGHLIGHTS:
JUNEAU: Juneau, the state capital, is rich in culture and scenic beauty. It is here that we start and end our trip.
HAINES: Haines is a small community located along the fiords. The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a most important center for adventure in Alaska. In 2004, Haines was listed by Outside Magazine and National Geographic Adventure as one of the best places for recreation and living.
ALASKA INDIAN ARTS: Alaska Indian Arts is a non-profit corporation devoted to the preservation and continuation of traditional native craft and culture of the Northwest Native Tribes . Alaska Indian Arts is also the headquarters for several of Alaska's outstanding craftsmen. We spend a few hours learning carving, native beading and culture from these master artists.
SKAGWAY: Skagway is famous for its role in the Klondike Gold Stampede over 100 years ago. Today, it is a historic yet lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops. In Skagway, we stop by the Klondike Gold Rush National Park Visitor's Center and ride the White Pass Yukon Route Railway.
GUSTANUS: Gustanus is the gateway to the Glacier Bay National Park. We'll stay at a comfortable lodge here for two nights. This will be the base for both the whale-watching journey and a full-day voyage in Glacier Bay.
DATES/PRICES:
May 16, June 20, July 18, August 15. 7 days—$3, 500, including lodging, all meals, guides, park fees, sales taxes, and transportation between Juneau, Skagway, Haines, and Gustanus. Not included: alcohol, personal items, airfare to and from Juneau.
CONTACTS:
E-mail: info@ Call: (800)766-3396 Write: Alaska Mountain Guides &Climbing School P. O. Box 1081, Haines AK 99827
56．According to the advertisement, the participants of the journey____.
A．are able to experience some adventurous activities in Haines
B．can contact Alaska Mountain Guides &Climbing School by e-mail or fax
C．will spend one day experiencing the local culture at Alaska Indian Arts
D．can get lots of traditional native artworks free of charge
57．You can feel the history of the local place at____.
A．Juneau B．Skagway C．Haines D．Gustanus
58．Which of the following requires participants to pay additional fees
A．Going from Gustanus to Juneau by train.
B．A full-day voyage in Glacier Bay.
C．Having the last supper at Juneau.
D．Flying to Juneau.
59．What can you learn from the advertisement
A．Juneau is much more beautiful than Haines.
B．The culture of the Northwest Native Tribes is dying out.
C．Alaska is famous for its culture, history and natural beauty.
D．Skagway was the richest town in Alaska in the past.
60．The passage is written to ____.
A．introduce the history of Alaska
B．introduce the activities in Alaska
C．show the culture, history and beauty of Alaska
D．attract readers to visit Alaska
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 阅读理解
Recently, as I watched my son Nathan playing basketball game, I felt sorry for myself and for him. He was playing in the other team' s home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan' s team was falling behind for three quarters of the game. As for me, I was dismissed from my job earlier in the day.
Watching the difficult situation that my son was experiencing, I remembered that during the drive home earlier in the day, I kept telling myself that " just like last time I experienced this, I' ll find work again in a short time—I' m confident in my experience and abilities and believe in myself. " But then, self-doubt hit me.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan' s team still falling behind. I saw the determination on his, as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie with the other team, but then go ahead by three points. Then, the scores were tied again. With a tie game and seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball, and with skill and confidence, he moved forward to make the basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul.
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face; there was no room for self-doubt. He made it, helping his team win the game. Later he told me he didn' t know how he did it because he had lost all feelings in his right arm from being thrown to the floor earlier the game.
As my heart burst with pride, I realized something. I had taught my son—perseverance in the face of difficulties, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was swept away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He' ll play in the finals, but it doesn' t matter if he wins or loses. On that day, we both won.
61．Why did the author feel sorry
A．He used to be too busy to accompany Nathan.
B．Nathan' s team was too weak to compete in the game.
C．He had made a big mistake in his work.
D．He and Nathan were both going through a hard time.
62．What can be inferred about the author
A．He had lost his job more than once.
B．He always lacked self-confidence.
C．He didn' t know his abilities well.
D．He disliked the job he had been doing.
63．How was the last quarter of the game
A．Nathan' s teammates lost hope.
B．The other team played casually.
C．The game was very fierce at last.
D．It ended up with a big score difference.
64．We can learn from the passage that Nathan____.
A．had always been the author' s pride and joy
B．wouldn' t have won but for the author' s
C．wasn' t surprised at the result of the game at all
D．played very well in the game despite his injury
65．What was the author' s win on that day
A．He found his true passion.
B．He overcame his self-doubt.
C．He learnt something new from his son.
D．He finally won his son' s respect.
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 阅读理解
The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1, 500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, a subdivision of 95 " zero-energy homes" (ZEH) just outside town. Now they' re actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they' ve lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they haven' t paid a cent.
ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low-power appliances and solar panels.
Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of conventional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and retaining indoor warmth in winter.
The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don' t just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility' s power grid (电网). The residents are billed by " net metering" : they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.
That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it' s not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. " It helps us lower usage at peak power times, " says solar expert Mike Keesee. " That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time. "
What' s not to like Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer, it' s a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities.
66．Why are the Gatais eager to see their electricity bills now
A．They want to see how much they have saved.
B．They want to cut down their utility expenses.
C．They want to know if they are able to pay.
D．They want to avoid being overcharged.
67．What is special about the ZEH communities
A．They have created cutting-edge technologies.
B．They aim to produce enough power themselves. .
C．They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.
D．They are built in harmony with the environment.
68．How are the residents in the ZEH communities billed for electricity use
A．They are only charged for the amount of power they consume on rainy days.
B．They needn' t pay a single cent for their power consumption on sunny days.
C．They only pay for the excess power that flows into the utility' s power grid.
D．They pay for the electricity from the grid less their home-generated power.
69．What does the " net metering" practice mean to the power company
A．More pressure at peak time.
B．Less profits in the short term.
C．Increased electricity output.
D．Reduced operational costs.
70．The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community ____.
A．is but a dream for average consumers
B．gives the owner substantial tax benefits
C．is a worthy investment in the long run
D．contributes to environmental protection
（2022高三上·天津市开学考）阅读理解
The study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.
The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiment is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear – casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.
Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.
Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.
Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducible is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren't invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid
Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research ), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance ), and rigour (is the research technically right ). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications, the better.
Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data-Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.
The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.
With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.
71．What crisis is the study of psychology facing
A．The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.
B．The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.
C．The Ref' s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.
D．The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.
72．What do the numbers in Para. 3 indicate
A．Scientific studies may not prove scientific.
B．Science needs to be updated frequently.
C．Journals should be stricter with studies.
D．It is getting hard to count on scientists.
73．The Ref's focus on originality has brought about ____.
A．a reliable body of knowledge
B．publications exploring new areas
C．tests of well-established theories
D．uninteresting replications of studies
74．We can infer from the passage that the Ref ____.
A．is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universities
B．provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunities
C．recognizes researchers' work and adds to their attractiveness to students
D．is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission
75．What does the writer mean by saying ''be a good scientist''
A．Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.
B．Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.
C．Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.
D．Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.
六、任务型阅读
（2022高三上·天津市开学考） 任务型阅读
Diana Nyad, born in 1949, is one of the world's greatest long-distance swimmers. She started as a speed swimmer, winning races in high school and dreaming of the Olympics. However, Nyad fell ill with heart disease before she could compete in the 1968 Olympic Games and had to spend three months in bed. By the time Nyad was better, she was unable to swim as fast as she had previously.
Nyad then turned from speed swimming to distance swimming. Her first race was 10 miles in the cold waters of Lake Ontario. Even though she came in tenth place, she was the first woman ever to complete the course. In 1974, Nyad set a record while swimming a 22-mile race in the Bay of Naples, Italy. That same year she tried to swim back and forth across Lake Ontario, a total of 64 miles. Nyad made it across the lake, but on the return trip, she lost consciousness and had to be pulled from the water. In 1975, she swam around Manhattan Island, a distance of 28 miles, in a record of 7 hours and 57 minutes. Three years later she swam 102 miles from the Bahamas to Florida.
In 2010, at the age of 61, Nyad announced she would swim from Cuba to Florida. In order to train, Nyad spent as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean. The swim from Cuba to Florida would last at least 60 hours and cover 103 miles. Unfortunately, bad weather forced Nyad to wait until the next year. In 2011, Nyad attempted the swim but was blown off course after being in the water for 29 hours. Nyad attempted the swim again a few months later, but she had to stop because of too many jellyfish stings (海蜇蜇伤）.
Despite these setbacks, Nyad continues to preserve and plans to eventually make the Cuba-to-Florida swim. She has made a vow (誓言）to never stop swimming and wants other older Americans to understand that it is never too late to make one's dreams come true.
76．What made Nyad fail to participate in the 1968 Olympic Games (No more than 5 words)
77．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about (No more than 10 words)
78．How did Nyad make preparations for her swimming from Cuba to Florida (No more than 15 words)
79．What does the underlined word " setbacks" in the last paragraph mean (Only 1 word)
80．What inspiration do you learn from Nyad' s stories and experiences (No more than 25 words)
七、书面表达
81．（2020高三上·天津月考）假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，最近你将有机会和当地的一家英文报社记者一起，参加采访报道活动，请根据以下提示给报社组织这项活动的编辑写一封电子邮件：
1）你打算参加的栏目组（从社会、文化、体育和人物专栏中任选其一）；
2）选择该栏目组的原因及关于该栏目你想采访报道的内容；
3）希望从中有何收获。
注意：
1）词数不少于 100；
2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】
W: Hurry up! You will be late for your lessons.
M: Don' t worry, Mum. Professor Lin called classes off because of the heavy snow.
W: I mean the online courses you booked last week.
【分析】问题：男士下一步可能会做什么？根据" I mean the online courses you booked last week. "我是说你上周预定的在线课程。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
2．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Could I have three tickets for the movie on Friday, please
M: Sure, 29. 7 dollars for each one. And I' ll round the total price off to the nearest whole-dollar amounts.
W: What does that mean
M: For example, $30. 3 will be rounded off to $30.
【分析】问题：女士需要付多少钱？根据" Could I have three tickets for the movie on Friday，please "请给我三张星期五的电影票好吗？；以及"Sure, 29. 7 dollars for each one. And I' ll round the total price off to the nearest whole-dollar amounts. "当然，每件29.7美元。我把总价四舍五入到最接近的整美元。三张票的价格是$29. 7X3=$89.1，四舍五入后应付89美元，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: I am afraid I can' t find my brother' s wheelchair. I remembered I put it by the gate last night.
M: It was in my way when I went to the garden this morning, so I put it under the stairs.
W: Okay, I see.
【分析】问题：轮椅现在在哪里？根据" I put it under the stairs. "我把它放在楼梯下面。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
4．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Jack, will it bother you if you call me up at 6 o' clock tomorrow morning I' m afraid I won' t hear my alarm.
M: I' m a sound sleeper too. Why not ask my roommate a favor He usually gets up at 5: 30 am.
W: Sounds great.
【分析】问题：谁来叫醒女士？根据"Why not ask my roommate a favor He usually gets up at 5: 30 am. "为什么不叫我室友一个忙？他通常早上5:30起床；以及"Sounds great. "听起来不错。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
5．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Oh, where on earth did I put my phone I' m going out now.
M: Just relax, Amy. I' ll call your number so you' ll know where it is. But you should really learn your lessons. This has happened more than once.
【分析】问题：男士认为女士怎么样？根据" where on earth did I put my phone I' m going out now. "我到底把手机放在哪里了？我现在要出去；以及" Just relax, Amy. I' ll call your number so you' ll know where it is. But you should really learn your lessons. This has happened more than once. "放松点，Amy。我会打你的电话号码，这样你就会知道它在哪里。但你真的应该吸取教训。这种情况已经发生过不止一次了。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
【答案】6．B
7．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Eric, I' ve been driven mad by Nickelback' s music these days. It was recommended by Anna.
M: I think their songs are really boring and most people don' t like them. But that' s just my two cents, Candy.
W: Your two cents
M: That' s just a phrase in American English. It means a different way of giving one' s opinion on a subject.
W: I have never heard of this phrase.
M: Two cents isn' t a lot of money. So saying that' s just one' s two cents means that one' s opinion might not be worth much to someone else.
W: It is an interesting phrase and I will remember it.
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
6．问题：谁对 Nickelback 的音乐有不同的看法？根据"Eric, I' ve been driven mad by Nickelback' s music these days. It was recommended by Anna. "Eric，我最近被Nickelback的音乐逼疯了。那是 Anna推荐的。故选B。
7．问题：短语" my two cents "是什么意思？"根据"Two cents isn' t a lot of money. So saying that' s just one' s two cents means that one' s opinion might not be worth much to someone else. "两美分不是很多钱。所以说这只是一个人的两美分意味着一个人的观点对其他人来说可能没有多大价值。故选C。
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Mary, you are a dog person, right
W: Yeah. I kept a dog for 3 years in my childhood and the second dog for 13 years till now.
M: Do dogs really know what' s going on
W: Yes, they do. They' re always picking up our facial expressions, body gestures, and moods.
M: They are really smart. But I dislike their smell and waste, and what I hate most is their fur.
W: I believe you will love dogs if you have one.
M: But I' m afraid I' m still not ready for that kind of responsibility yet.
W: Well, you need to learn more about dogs first. There are many extraordinary documentaries online about dogs. Maybe you can start with these before you get one.
M: I will do what you said. And I' ll also read some books about dogs.
【点评】考查细节理解。首先理解题干，其次注意听句子，抓住关键词。
8．问题：女士养狗多久了？根据" I kept a dog for 3 years in my childhood and the second dog for 13 years till now. "我小时候养了一只狗3年，第二只养了13年。故选B。
9．问题：是什么使男士最不喜欢狗？根据"and what I hate most is their fur. "我最讨厌的是它们的皮毛。故选C。
10．问题：女士建议男士做什么？根据"There are many extraordinary documentaries online about dogs. Maybe you can start with these before you get one. "网上有很多关于狗的非凡纪录片。也许你可以先从这些开始。故选C。
【答案】11．A
12．A
13．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today' s newspaper
M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey.
W: Flowers I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble.
M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems.
W: Really Can we call it " Flower Therapy"
M: Yes! In fact, the U. S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers.
W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war.
M: The programs are not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs.
W: I will plant some flowers in our yard.
M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It' s really relaxing, right
W: Yes! That is what I want.
【点评】考查对话型听力题。听前要快速浏览答语，理解答语意思，听时要注意力集中，选出答案。
11．问题：报纸上有什么新鲜事？根据"Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey. "研究人员最近发表了一项关于蜂蜜来源的新研究；以及"Flowers I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble. "鲜花？我只知道，如果没有鲜花，我们的食物供应就会陷入困境。故选A。
12．问题：根据研究人员的说法，谁能从种花中受益最大？根据"Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems. "研究人员说，种花可以帮助有心理健康问题的人。故选A。
13．问题：两位演讲者之间可能有什么关系？根据" I will plant some flowers in our yard. "我要在我们的院子里种些花。可推知谈话人是一家人，故选B。
【答案】14．B
15．A
16．A
17．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hi, Daniel. What do you think of the coming celebration
M: Well, what celebration
W: Don' t you know that Christmas is drawing near!
M: Oh, I almost forget about it. Tell me more about the activities!
W: OK. On Monday, Mr. Brown will give a lecture about the festival. On Tuesday, we' re going to throw a party. There will be a big Christmas meal on Wednesday. And we' ll take part in an American football game on Friday. Oh, sorry, it was replaced with a basketball game.
M: Wow, all sound great!
W: Yes, but now we are short of hands.
M: How can I help
W: I' m in charge of organizing the lecture. But I need someone to help design a poster based on the topic of Mr. Brown' s lecture.
M: I' m good at painting. Let me help you with that.
W: That' s really nice of you.
M: Anything else
W: We' ll also need volunteers to guide the audience to their seats, and we' ll need someone to create PowerPoint slides for Mr. Brown.
M: We can turn to my brother who is on annual leave.
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，理解答语意思，听时要注意力集中，选出答案。
14．问题：下星期五男士和女士要做什么？根据"And we' ll take part in an American football game on Friday. Oh, sorry, it was replaced with a basketball game. "我们将参加周五的美式足球赛。哦，对不起，比赛被篮球赛取代了。故选B。
15．问题：女士负责什么活动？根据"I' m in charge of organizing the lecture. "我负责组织这次讲座。故选A。
16．问题：男士会帮助女士做什么？根据"But I need someone to help design a poster based on the topic of Mr. Brown' s lecture. "但我需要有人帮忙设计一张基于布朗先生演讲主题的海报；以及"I' m good at painting. Let me help you with that. "我擅长画画。让我来帮你。故选A。
17．问题：谈话人主要在谈论什么？根据" Christmas is drawing near!"圣诞节快到了！；以及"Tell me more about the activities!"告诉我更多关于活动的信息！故选A。
【答案】18．C
19．C
20．B
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】W: When you preserve food, you are taking action to stop it from breaking down. Today, we will explore how to preserve the fresh produce you buy or grow. By following a few basic ways, you can still eat those tasty fruits and vegetables when they are out of season. Freezing is the simplest way and it is important to freeze the produce as quickly as possible. Good late-summer produce to freeze includes green beans, cabbages and apples. Canning has two main ways: boiling hot water baths and pressure canning. Whichever method you use, always test the seal that keeps out air. Good late-summer fruits for canning include apples, berries, cherries and peaches. Pickling is done by adding salt, pepper or other seasonings to vegetables. Good late-summer produce to pickle includes cucumbers, watermelon rinds and eggplants. A final way to preserve food is by drying it. When drying, try to find specific directions for each food to ensure quality and safety. Fresh produce such as apples, mushrooms, and grapes can be stored for a long time after being dried. What are the popular methods to preserve food in your country Web users from different areas are welcome to leave a comment in the following Comments section. 【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
18．问题：发言人说，为什么人们要保存新鲜农产品？根据" By following a few basic ways, you can still eat those tasty fruits and vegetables when they are out of season."通过以下几种基本方法，你仍然可以在反季节吃到美味的水果和蔬菜。故选C。
19．问题：哪种方法可以用来保存茄子？根据"Pickling is done by adding salt, pepper or other seasonings to vegetables. Good late-summer produce to pickle includes cucumbers，watermelon rinds and eggplants. ."腌制是在蔬菜中加入盐、胡椒或其他调味料。夏末腌制的好产品包括黄瓜、西瓜皮和茄子。故选C。
20．问题：建议听众做什么？根据"Web users from different areas are welcome to leave a comment in the following Comments section. "欢迎来自不同地区的网络用户在下面的评论部分留言。故选B。
21．【答案】C
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——我猜你想去打篮球。——你知我心。这正是我所想的。A. I didn't get it"我不明白"；B. It's up to you"一切由你"；C. You never know"很难说"；D. You read my mind"你知我心"。结合That's exactly what I was thinking about可知，该空说话者想去打篮球，"你知我心"符合语境。故选D。
【点评】考查情景交际，区分I didn' t get it.；It' s up to you.；You never know.和：You read my mind.的含义和使用环境。
22．【答案】D
【知识点】情态动词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：按照空中交通规则，你应当在登机前关掉你的手机。A：may"可以"；B：can"能够，可能"；C：would"将会，过去常常"；D：should "应该"。这里表示按照规定应该怎么做，根据句意和各个选项的含义可知答案。故选D。
【点评】考查情态动词辨析，区分may；can；would和should的含义和应用。
23．【答案】B
【知识点】形容词比较级
【解析】【分析 】句意是：在我看伦敦在价格上没有东京贵，但是东京在交通方面要（比伦敦)更有序。因为是和伦敦对比，所以用比较级。选B。
24．【答案】D
【知识点】动词第三人称单数；一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道Terry这个周末会去露营么？——Terry？绝对不会！他讨厌帐篷和新鲜空气。 A、has hated 是现在完成时；B、hated 是一般过去时；C、will hate 是一般将来时；D、hates 是一般现在时。 讲述的是客观事实用一般现在时，故选D。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般现在时。
25．【答案】D
【知识点】动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：塑料需要数百年才能分解，在分解过程中，有毒物质会释放到水中和土壤中。A：knock out"击倒，打破"；B：turn away"撵走"；C：come up"出现，被提出"；D：break down"分解"根据句意此处指塑料分解。故选D。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析，区分knock out；turn away；come up和break down的含义。
26．【答案】B
【知识点】非谓语动词；单独使用to的不定式
【解析】【分析 】这题考查不定式做目的状语的用法：句意是：有人看见骑车很不熟练的我姐姐正坐在自行车上尽力的想保持平衡。选B。
27．【答案】A
【知识点】时间状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：——你准备好去西班牙了吗？——是的。我想让这些女孩子趁着年轻的时候去感受一下西班牙。A：while"当……时候"；B：until"直到"；C：if"如果"；D：before "在……之前"。根据句意，此处是while引导的时间状语促进，故选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及while引导的时间状语从句。
28．【答案】B
【知识点】动词的语态；现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：近年来，许多足球俱乐部都以营利为目的进行经营。A、having tried：表示已经尝试过，是现在分词短语作结果状语。B、trying：表示正在尝试，是现在分词作伴随状语。C、to try：表示将要尝试，是不定式作目的状语。D、tried：表示已经尝试过，是过去分词作结果状语。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in recent years，可知应用现在完成时，又因为clubs 和run的关系是被动的，所以应用被动语态。故选B。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态。
29．【答案】A
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：如果有很多工作要做，我很乐意一直干到完成。此处to do在句中作定语修饰work，不定式作定语往往表示未发生的动作，放在被修饰词的名词、代词后。故选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作定语。
30．【答案】A
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为他最好的朋友，我能精准的猜到他将要做什么或者他会怎么想。 he will do or think 是宾语从句，主句和从句都缺宾语，主句about后缺宾语，从句do和think后缺宾语，应用what。故选A。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句。
31．【答案】B
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：像喝冷水这样简单的事情也可以让你头脑清醒，放松压力。句中的Something as simple as drinking some cold water共同作主语，谓语是clear和relieve。不定式虽然也可以作主语，但在此题中有as…as结构，且这里不是指将来某一次的动作，所以要选择和something较一致的动名词而不是不定式。故选B。
【点评】卡非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作主语。
32．【答案】D
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：事实证明，小时候吃蔬菜有助于保护你在以后的生活中免受严重疾病的侵袭。此句it是形式主语，真正的主语是 ____eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life，从句部分是一个完整的陈述句，不缺句子成分。所以应用that引导。故选D。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句。
33．【答案】C
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们经历了一段农村地区通讯非常困难的时期。 communications were very difficult in the rural areas 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a period，此处使用"介词+关系代词"的结构，引导词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词period，为物。故用in which。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及in which引导的限制性定语从句。
34．【答案】C
【知识点】倒装句
【解析】【分析】句意：北京提供这么多有趣的地方，以至于游客还没看完就没时间了。so…that句型的倒装句的用法：so/such放在句首时，后面用部分倒装，即将be动词，助动词，情态动词提到主语前，故选C。
【点评】考查倒装句，本题涉及so...that...结构中的部分倒装。
35．【答案】A
【知识点】让步状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：无论你做了多么好的准备，在登山的时候你还是需要很多的运气。横线后面有形容词短语well prepared，说明只能使用however对其进行修饰。Whatever后面接名词，no matter后面接特殊疑问词。Although引导让步状语从句，后边接陈述句语序。故选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及however引导的让步状语从句。
【答案】36．A；37．B；38．C；39．D；40．A；41．C；42．C；43．D；44．A；45．D；46．B；47．A；48．C；49．C；50．D；51．D；52．D；53．A；54．B；55．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Barton在养老院做志愿工作，父亲节那天陪一个孤单的老人下棋的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，状语从句，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
36．句意：他认为这是回报的一种好方法。A. give back"回报，归还"；B. take back"取回，拿回"；C. drive back"驱车返回"；D. turn back"往回走"。根据上文的"volunteering"可知，做志愿工作是回报社会的一种好方法。故选A。
37．句意：在短暂的休息期间，Barton穿过花园散步。A. chess"象棋"；B. garden"花园"；C. home"家"；D. window"窗户"。根据下文"There he saw many elderly sitting on benches"在那里，他看到许多老人坐在长凳上。可知，此处应是穿过花园。下文"One Sunday, Barton went to the garden on his break"也是提示。故选B。
38．句意：在那里，他看到许多老人坐在长凳上愉快地聊天。A. working"工作"；B. arguing"争吵"；C. chatting"聊天"；D. mopping"拖地，擦去"。根据空前"many elderly sitting on benches"可知，很多老人应是坐在长凳上愉快地聊天。下文"While everyone else talked with one another or happily 9 "也是提示。故选C。
39．句意：穿过院子，他注意到一个男人独自坐在桌前，面前摆着棋盘。A. prevented"阻止"；B. watched"观看"；C. allowed"允许"；D. noticed"注意到"。根据空后"a man sitting alone at a table with a chessboard(棋盘) in front of him"可知，此处是Barton注意到的事情。故选D。
40．句意：Barton好奇地注视着，那个男人盯着棋子，移动它们，在棋盘的另一边也这样做。A. curiosity"好奇"；B. anger"生气"；C. satisfaction"满意"；D. joy"欢乐"。根据空前"watched"及空后描述男人的举动可知，Barton是出于好奇才注视着男人的举动。故选A。
41．句意：Barton好奇地注视着，那个男人盯着棋子，移动它们，在棋盘的另一边也这样做。A. exchanged"交换"；B. threw"扔"；C. moved"移动"；D. removed"移除"。根据空前"the man stared at the pieces(棋子)"可知，此处指移动棋子。故选C。
42．句意：Barton好奇地注视着，那个男人盯着棋子，移动它们，在棋盘的另一边也这样做。A. way"方法"；B. courtyard"院子"；C. chessboard"棋盘"；D. bench"长凳"。根据语境可知，这个男人是一个人在下棋，所以此处指在棋盘的另一边也移动棋子。故选C。
43．句意：每个周日，Barton都会看到那个男人做同样的事情。A. special"特殊的"；B. interesting "有趣的"；C. wrong"错误的"；D. same"同样的"。结合语境及下文的描述可知，每周日那个男人总是做同样的事情。故选D。
44．句意：当别的人都在互相交谈或愉快地继续时，这个男人会微微弓背坐着，挠着下巴。A. carried on"进行，继续"；B. carried away"运走"；C. carried off"夺走"；D. carried out"执行，实施"。结合语境可知，此处指"继续愉快地交谈"。故选A。
45．句意：他的眼睛很少离开棋盘。A. eventually"最终"；B. constantly"不断地"；C. gradually"逐渐"；D. rarely"很少，难得"。根据上文可知，别人都在聊天，只有那个男人在下棋，所以此处指目光"很少"离开棋盘。故选D。
46．句意：一个星期天，Barton去花园休息，期待在平常的地方看到那个男人。A. planning "计划"；B. expecting"期望，期待"；C. happening"碰巧"；D. intending"打算，意图"。根据上文，每个周日那个男人都会做同样的事；以及下文"But he wasn't there."可知，Barton期待在老地方看到那个男人，但是他不在。故选B。
47．句意：这天是父亲节，养老院有很多访客。A. visitors"访问者，参观者"；B. games"游戏"；C. performances"表演"；D. pieces"碎片"。根据空前"It was Father's Day"及下文"enjoying each other's company"可知，父亲节应是有很多家人来看望老人， 故选A。
48．句意：他们有快乐的家庭聚会，享受彼此的陪伴。A. photos"照片"；B. feasts"宴会"；C. gatherings"聚会，聚集"；D. activities"活动"。根据空后"enjoying each other's company"可知，此处指家庭聚会，享受彼此陪伴。故选C。
49．句意：那天下午，Barton 正在走廊拖地时，碰巧经过那个男人的房间。A. after"在……之后"；B. before"在……之前"；C. when"当……时"；D. while"当……时"。结合句意可知，此处指"拖地时碰巧经过那个男人的房间"，且从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，应用when引导。故选C。
50．句意：门微微开着，他可以看到那个男人坐在窗边的椅子上，盯着外面的院子。A. broken"坏掉的，破碎的"；B. tight"紧的"；C. twisted"扭曲的"；D. open"开着的"。根据空后"he could see the man…"可知，门微微开着。故选D。
51．句意：Barton 轻轻地敲门，请求进来。A. touched"触摸"；B. checked"检查"；C. pushed"推"；D. knocked"敲"。根据空后"asked to come in"可知，应是敲门请求进来。故选D。
52．句意：那个男人点点头。A. unmoved"没有移动"；B. refused"拒绝"；C. hesitated"犹豫"；D. nodded"点头"。根据下文"Barton saw a collection of framed(放在框中的) photographs on the bedside table."可知，Barton进了房间，所以男人应是点头。故选D。
53．句意："那都是你的孩子吗？"他问。A. children"孩子"；B. neighbors"邻居"；C. pets"宠物"；D. relatives"亲戚"。格努下文"they're all 19 and live far away. They have their own kids now."及语境可知，此处应是问照片里的人是不是他的孩子。故选A。
54．句意："是的，他们都已经长大了，住得很远。他们现在都有自己的孩子。"他回答。A. useless"没有用的"；B. grown"长大的"；C. lost"迷路的"；D. distant"遥远的"。根据下文"They have their own kids now."可知，他们都已经长大。故选B。
55．句意：Barton 不想让这个男人在父亲节感到孤单，就留下来陪他下棋。A. his birthday"他的生日"；B. holiday"假期"；C. Father's Day"父亲节"；D. Christmas"圣诞节"。根据上文"It was Father's Day"可知，这天是父亲节。故选C。
【答案】56．A
57．B
58．D
59．C
60．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，以广告的形式介绍了阿拉斯加的精华旅游之处。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇广告，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
56．考查推理判断。根据HAINES部分中的"The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a most important center for adventure in Alaska."这里的自然美景和广阔的荒野使Haines成为阿拉斯加最重要的探险中心。可知Haines是阿拉斯加最重要的探险中心，可推断出这次旅行的参与者能够在Haines体验一些冒险活动。故选A。
57．考查推理判断。根据SKAGWAY部分中的"Today, it is a historic yet lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops."今天，这是一个历史悠久而又生机勃勃的小镇，它仍然反映了它的淘金之根，蕴含着丰富多彩的商店。可知SKAGWAY是一个历史悠久而又生机勃勃的小镇，可推断出游客可在Skagway感受当地的历史。故选B。
58．考查细节理解。根据DATES/PRICES部分中的"Not included: alcohol, personal items, airfare to and from Juneau."不包括：酒精，个人物品，往返Juneau的机票。可知不包含往返Juneau的机票，所以飞往Juneau要求参与者支付额外费用。故选D。
59．考查推理判断。根据JUNEAU部分中的"Juneau, the state capital, is rich in culture and scenic beauty."朱诺是州首府，文化丰富，风景秀丽太美了；HAINES部分中的"The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a most important center for adventure in Alaska."这里的自然美景和广阔的荒野使Haines成为阿拉斯加最重要的探险中心。可知，阿拉斯加风景美；ALASKA INDIAN ARTS部分中的"Alaska Indian Arts is a non-profit corporation devoted to the preservation and continuation of traditional native craft and culture of the Northwest Native Tribes. Alaska Indian Arts is also the headquarters for several of Alaska's outstanding craftsmen."阿拉斯加印第安艺术是一个非营利性的公司，致力于保护和延续西北土著的传统工艺和文化部落。阿拉斯加印第安艺术也是阿拉斯加几位杰出艺术家的总部工匠。可知去阿拉斯加可以了解西北土著的传统工艺和文化部落；以及SKAGWAY部分中的"Today, it is a historic yet lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops."今天，这是一个历史悠久而又生机勃勃的小镇，它仍然反映了它的淘金之根，蕴含着丰富多彩的商店。可知游客在Skagway可以感受当地的历史；可推断出阿拉斯加以其文化、历史和自然美景而闻名。故选C。
60．考查推理判断。根据标题"The Best of Alaska"阿拉斯加的精华；以及第一段中的"Join us for an unforgettable 7-day journey to the last border!"加入我们，进行一次令人难忘的7天旅程，前往最后的边境！可知本文主要介绍了阿拉斯加的精华旅游点，目的就是为了吸引读者参观阿拉斯加。故选D。
【答案】61．D
62．A
63．C
64．D
65．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者因为被解雇而难过，并产生了自我怀疑。当在球场上看到儿子面对比赛中的困难表现出的坚持和毅力时，作者被激励了，重新获得了自信和面对困难的勇气。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
61．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"He was playing in the other team's home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan's team was falling behind for three quarters of the game. As for me, I was dismissed from my job earlier in the day."他在另一支球队的主场体育馆里打球，那里充满了他们的支持者，而Nathan的球队在比赛进行到四分之三时落后于对手。至于我，我今天早些时候被解雇了。可知，Nathan的球队在比赛中落后于对手，而作者今天早些时候被解雇了。可推断出，作者感到难过是因为他和Nathan都正在经历一段艰难的时期。故选D。
62．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"I remembered that during the drive home earlier in the day, I kept telling myself that ‘just like last time I experienced this, I'll find work again in a short time—I'm confident in my experience and abilities and believe in myself.'"我记得那天早些时候开车回家的时候，我一直告诉自己"就像上次我经历的那样，我很快就会找到工作的，我对自己的经验和能力充满信心，并相信自己。可知，作者相信自己会和上次一样，很快就会找到工作的。所以说，作者不止一次丢了工作。故选A。
63．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"I saw the determination on his, as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie with the other team, but then go ahead by three points. Then, the scores were tied again."我看到了他的决心，也看到了他的队友们脸上的决心，他们奋力反击，不仅与对方打成平手，而且领先三分。然后，比分又平了。可知，在比赛的最后四分之一部分，Nathan的球队奋力反击，双方打成平手，然后Nathan的球队领先对方三分，然后，比分又平了。可推断，在最后四分之一部分，比赛非常激烈。故选C。
64．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"He made it, helping his team win the game. Later he told me he didn't know how he did it because he had lost all feelings in his right arm from being thrown to the floor earlier the game."他成功了，帮助他的球队赢得了比赛。后来他告诉我他不知道自己是怎么做到的，因为他在比赛刚开始的时候被摔到地板上，右臂失去了所有的感觉。可知，在比赛刚开始时，Nathan受伤了，但他仍然帮助他的球队赢得了比赛。所以说，尽管Nathan受伤了，但在比赛中表现得很好。故选D。
65．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was swept away by the actions of my son on the basketball court."那短暂的自我怀疑和难过的瞬间被我儿子在篮球场上的行为一扫而光。可知，看到儿子在球场上面对困难时的坚持和毅力，我不再自我怀疑和难过了，也有了面对困难的勇气。可推断，作者在那天赢了，因为他克服了自我怀疑。故选B。
【答案】66．A
67．B
68．D
69．D
70．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明，介绍ZHE社区，"零能源住宅"，从长远来看可以节省公共事业费用，是一项值得的投资。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
66．考查细节理解。根据第一段"The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1, 500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, a subdivision of 95 " zero-energy homes" (ZEH) just outside town. Now they' re actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they' ve lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they haven' t paid a cent. "过去，当盖泰一家收到通常超过200美元的电费账单时，他们会皱起眉头。去年9月，这对夫妇搬进了位于Premier Gardens的一套1500平方英尺的住宅。Premier Gardens是镇外95栋"零能源住宅"(ZEH)的一个分区。现在他们真的很想看到他们的电费账单。他们在这套三居室的房子里住了10个月，总共花了75美元。过去两个月他们一分钱都没付。根据前后账单的对比，可知他们是想看能节省多少钱，故选A。
67．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume." ZEH社区是最前沿的技术，有一天它可能会建造出能产生和耗能一样多的房屋。可知，ZEH 社区旨在自己可以产出足够的能源。故选B。
68．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的" The residents are billed by ‘ net metering' : they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero. " 居民们是通过"净计量"计费的：他们支付的是他们从电网中抽走的电量，而不是他们输入电网的千瓦数。如果一个家庭的发电量大于用电量，那么这个费用为零。可知，他们支付的是电网的电力，而不是自己家里产生的电力，故选D。
69．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"‘It helps us lower usage at peak power times,' says solar expert Mike Keesee. ；‘That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.'" 太阳能专家Mike Keesee说:"它可以帮助我们在高峰时段降低用电量。""这让我们避免了在用电高峰期建造昂贵的电厂或购买昂贵的电力。"可推断"净计量"的做法对电力公司意味着降低了运营成本。故选D。
70．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"What' s not to like Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer, it' s a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities. " 对于消费者来说，问题是现在为硬件付费，以节省以后的公用事业费用。在作者看来，从长远来看，这是一项值得的投资。故选C。
【答案】71．C
72．A
73．B
74．A
75．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述重复研究是否是正确的，好的科学家应该是专注于原创性，发表论文探索新的研究领域，使用新的范式，避免测试已经确立的理论。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
71．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies."Ref导致了一种研究文化，这种文化阻碍了稳定心理学的尝试，尤其是稳定科学的尝试。Ref鼓励大学以4星论文的形式推动突破性的、创新的和令人兴奋的研究，但它并不奖励那些复制研究的人的努力。可知，面临的危机是Ref对重复学习的不关心导致了令人担忧的后果。"Ref对重复学习的冷漠导致了令人担忧的后果"符合以上说法，故选C。
72．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought."虽然97%的原始研究有统计学意义的结果，但只有36%的重复研究有相同的结果。同样令人担忧的是：当一种影响确实出现时，它往往比之前认为的要小得多。可推测，这些数据是为了表明所谓的科学研究，其科学性可能不是所期待的那样。故选A。
73．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories –"专注于原创出版物，探索新的研究领域，使用新的范式，避免测试已确立的理论)可知，Ref关注的是出版物探索新领域。故选B。
74．考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research ), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance ), and rigour (is the research technically right ). "因为我们进行研究的系统没有提供任何激励，在英国，参考文献根据研究人员发表的作品的原创性（研究有多创新？）重要性（有实际意义或商业意义吗？）和严谨性（研究在技术上是正确的吗？）对其进行排名。可推断，Ref是一套英国大学研究质量评估系统。故选A。
75．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting". 根据Ref的标准，复制已经完全存在的作品是无趣的；以及最后一段"With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion."在四年后提交下一份参考文献时，许多研究人员实际上面临着一个选择：做一个好的科学家，或者成为一个获得资助和晋升的成功学者)可推断，一个好的科学家应该是追求真理，致力于解决目前的科研危机。故选D。
【答案】76．Falling ill with heart disease.
77．The achievements /successes that Nyad achieved. Or: Nyad' s experiences of attending races.
78．She spent as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean. Or: By spending as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean.
79．Difficulties/Challenges /Barriers/Obstacles/Bars/Problems.
80．It is never too late to make one's dreams come true. /We should stick to our dream, never give up and try hard to realize it whatever difficulties or setbacks we meet.
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国长距离游泳运动员Diana Nyad面对挫折永不放弃的人生经历。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和开放题四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。
76．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"However, Nyad fell ill with heart disease before she could compete in the 1968 Olympic Games and had to spend three months in bed."不过Nyad在1968年奥运会之前就患上了心脏病，不得不在床上呆了三个月。可知Nyad患了心脏病。故答案为Falling ill with heart disease.
77．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"Even though she came in tenth place, she was the first woman ever to complete the course."尽管她得了第十名，但她是第一个完成这场比赛的女性；"In 1974, Nyad set a record while swimming a 22-mile race in the Bay of Naples, Italy. That same year she tried to swim back and forth across Lake Ontario, a total of 64 miles."1974年，Nyad在意大利那不勒斯湾游泳时创下了22英里的纪录。同年，她试图来回游过安大略湖，总共64英里；以及"In 1975, she swam around Manhattan Island, a distance of 28 miles, in a record of 7 hours and 57 minutes. Three years later she swam 102 miles from the Bahamas to Florida."1975年，她在曼哈顿岛游了28英里，创下了7小时57分钟的纪录。三年后，她从巴哈马群岛游到佛罗里达州102英里。可知本段主要讲Nyad取得的成就或Nyad参加比赛的经历。故答案为The achievements /successes that Nyad achieved. Or: Nyad's experiences of attending races.
78．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"In 2010, at the age of 61, Nyad announced she would swim from Cuba to Florida. In order to train, Nyad spent as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean."2010年，61岁的Nyad宣布她将从古巴游到佛罗里达州。为了训练，Nyad每天花14个小时在海里游泳。可知为了准备从古巴游到佛罗里达，Nyad每天花14个小时在海里游泳。故答案为She spent as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean. Or: By spending as many as 14 hours a day swimming in the ocean.
79．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"The swim from Cuba to Florida would last at least 60 hours and cover 103 miles. Unfortunately, bad weather forced Nyad to wait until the next year."从古巴到佛罗里达的游泳至少要持续60小时，全程103英里。不幸的是，恶劣的天气迫使Nyad等到第二年；"Nyad attempted the swim again a few months later, but she had to stop because of too many jellyfish stings (海蜇蜇伤）."几个月后，Nyad再次尝试游泳，但由于水母蜇伤太多，她不得不停止游泳；以及和第四段中的"Nyad continues to preserve and plans to eventually make the Cuba-to-Florida swim. She has made a vow (誓言）to never stop swimming and wants other older Americans to understand that it is never too late to make one's dreams come true."Nyad继续保存并计划最终让古巴游到佛罗里达。她发誓永不停止游泳，并希望其他美国老年人明白，实现梦想永远不会太晚。可知Nyad两次尝试从古巴至弗罗里达州的长距离游泳均因客观因素导致失败，虽然有挫折/困难，但她立誓不会放弃游泳，可知setbacks在此处意为"困难/挑战/障碍/问题"。故答案为Difficulties/Challenges /Barriers/Obstacles/Bars/Problems.
80．考查开放式答题。考生可紧抓文章中心大意"美国长距离游泳运动员Diana Nyad面对挫折永不放弃，认为实现梦想永远不会太晚"，适当总结从文章中学到的道理，言之有理即可。故答案为It is never too late to make one's dreams come true. Or: We should stick to our dream, never give up and try hard to realize it whatever difficulties or setbacks we meet.
81．【答案】Dear editor,
I feel delighted to know that I have the opportunity to participate in the reporting activity with a reporter. Among all the columns, the one that attracts me most is the culture column.
The reasons are as follow. First of all, the culture column deeply researches and reports the local characteristic culture, which will improve my cognition ability. What's more, the aim for me to choose this column is to understand how to develop traditional culture in modern society. For example, how do people in local protect their traditional folk songs singing culture when they meet with new popular music culture And I hope that I will have some chances to pay a visit to certain folk songs singers, so that I can have a better understanding of their ways in protecting and inheriting folk songs.
I'd appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration. Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Jin
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以晨光中学的学生李津的身份给报社组织活动的编辑写一封电子邮件。写作背景：最近你将有机会和当地的一家英文报社记者一起，参加采访报道活动。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）你打算参加的栏目组（从社会、文化、体育和人物专栏中任选其一）；2）选择该栏目组的原因及关于该栏目你想采访报道的内容；3）希望从中有何收获。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I feel delighted to know that I have the opportunity to participate in the reporting activity with a reporter. 运用了不定式作原因状语和宾语从句；Among all the columns, the one that attracts me most is the culture column.运用了限制性定语从句； First of all, the culture column deeply researches and reports the local characteristic culture, which will improve my cognition ability. 运用了非限制性定语从句； For example, how do people in local protect their traditional folk songs singing culture when they meet with new popular music culture 运用了时间状语从句；And I hope that I will have some chances to pay a visit to certain folk songs singers, so that I can have a better understanding of their ways in protecting and inheriting folk songs.运用了宾语从句和目的状语从句；I'd appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration.运用了I'd appreciate it if...固定句式。
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