【精品解析】上海市2023届新高三秋季开学摸底考试卷

上海市2023届新高三秋季开学摸底考试卷
一、听对话回答问题
1．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．In a railroad station. B．In an airport.
C．In Beijing. D．In a post office
2．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．Tickets will be difficult to buy
B．All the tickets were sold out last week
C．The tickets will not go on sale until tomorrow.
D．Many tickets are on sale.
3．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话回答问题
A．To save $150. B．To spend $200.
C．To buy a new one. D．To repair the old one.
4．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．A heavier one. B．An expensive one.
C．A lighter one. D．A racing one.
5．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．Cold. B．Warm. C．Hot. D．Cool.
6．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．The prettier dress.
B．The dress that the man likes.
C．The more comfortable dress
D．The new dress.
7．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．The man doesn't want to see Mr. Williams.
B．Mr. Jones is in an inferior position to Mr. Williams.
C．Mr. Jones used to be in charge
D．Mr. Williams doesn' t want to speak.
8．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．She was feeling very sorry. B．She felt a bit annoyed.
C．She was in a hurry. D．She was in her office.
9．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．The man should work on his papers.
B．The man should go to a movie.
C．The man should buy a new pair of shoes.
D．The woman wants to borrow shoes from him.
10．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．It took a long time to fix the machine.
B．The man waited for long but no one came to fix the machine.
C．The woman called the front desk too early.
D．Everybody was in hell.
二、听长对话或独白回答问题
（2023高三上·上海市开学考）听对话，回答下列问题。
11．
A．To save natural resources for future use.
B．To collect taxes.
C．To teach and train citizens.
D．To protect people and property.
12．
A．By selling services that make life comfortable.
B．By collecting taxes.
C．By selling coal and other natural products.
D．By selling public lands
13．
A．Environmental pollution and protection.
B．Police efforts to protect people.
C．Taxes and services for the public.
D．People's attitude towards taxes.
（2023高三上·上海市开学考）听对话，回答下列问题。
14．
A．A special medical treatment.
B．A driving license without a bad record
C．An experience as a conductor
D．Five weeks driving at a training school.
15．
A．She was strong enough to become a bus driver.
B．The men drivers were kind to her
C．She was able to see more clearly on a bus.
D．She passed the test the first time she took it
16．
A．Worthwhile. B．Boring. C．Dangerous. D．Poorly paid.
（2023高三上·上海市开学考）听对话，回答下列问题。
17．
A．At the girl's dormitory B．At their home.
C．In the car. D．At the station.
18．
A．The woman drove it into some deep water
B．Some people stole the vehicle by the lake.
C．The man' s daughter hit a tree on a picnic.
D．The man's daughter hit a passenger in the street.
19．
A．It is currently in a repair shop after the woman dumped water on it.
B．It is currently being stored safely in the vehicle by the lake
C．It is currently in serious trouble unless it is in a waterproof container.
D．It is currently in serious trouble after the woman dumped water on it.
20．
A．Majoring in criminal justice at the university.
B．Being involved in some illegal activity.
C．Working as an officer in a police gang unit.
D．Working as a director in an enterprise.
三、语法填空
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 语法填空
What to say to a rude person
As Lord Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily annoyed. A woman had picked up her phone and began a loud conversation, 　21． 　 would last an unbelievable hour. Angry, Winston began to take her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers on tweeter.
　22． 　 the train arrived at its destination, Winston got off and left quickly. But the press were waiting for the woman. When showed the Lord' s messages, she used one word to describe Winston' s actions: rude.
Winston' s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, 　23． 　 (fuel) by social media (and, often politics). What can we do to fix this
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely 　24． 　 we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, 　25． 　 (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way to end a conflict is to call it out, face to face. We must say, " Just stop. " For Winston, that would have meant 　26． 　 (approach) the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make a call at another time. (改天)
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us 　27． 　 (do) odd things. The acts of revenge people had taken 　28． 　 (range) from the ridiculous to the disturbing. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude 　29． 　 . Because once rude people can see their actions 　30． 　 the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that conflict themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility. (礼貌)
四、选词填空
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 选词填空
A. species B. labelled C. expanding D. informed E. underestimate F. sustainable G. brief H. rare I. involves J. valuable K. endangered
Eating Jellyfish Could Come to the Rescue
According to the IUCN Red List 32,000 species are threatened with extinction—everything from birds and mammals. Despite national and international efforts being gathered to protect 　31． 　 species, we actively fish for many of them. For those seafood lovers, the news is sad, but the researchers have come up with an unusual way we can help—and it 　32． 　 eating jellyfish.
Between 2006 and 2014,92 vulnerable or threatened 　33． 　 were being caught, recorded, and sold. When they are sold, it is 　34． 　 that fish and invertebrate (无脊椎的) species are required to be 　35． 　 according to species, so consumers have no way of knowing what they' re eating.
It is stressed that only a/an 　36． 　 view of the real problem is shown. " A lot of the ‘seafood records' are listed in groups like ‘marine fish' . Here we didn' t look at those vague records, we only looked at records where the actual species was listed — so we' ve made a huge 　37． 　 of the actual catch.
There are some ways to untie the mess we' re creating in the world' s oceans, including 　38． 　 our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. That might sound a little off the theme, but it' s not the first time scientists have suggested it as a food source.
There are other ways to help keep the lovely marine lives off the menu. " We need to improve the labelling of seafood so that consumers can have all the information to make a/an 　39． 　 choice," conservation scientist Carissa Klein told Science Alert.
And these choices, at least in some places, are easier than you might imagine. In Australia, where the researchers are based, there' s even official guides providing the 　40． 　 future both on your table and at sea.
五、完形填空
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 完形填空
The colourful chalkboards and baskets of fruit that greet customers at the entrances of Whole Foods Market' s shops paint a rosy picture. Yet shares in the American seller of organic and natural food have fallen by more than 40% since hitting a 41． last October, in a period when stock markets have been strong.
It is not that the retailer is in 42． crisis: its latest quarterly figures, on July 30th, showed sales and profits both up a bit. And it is not that people are 43． the idea of paying more for food produced without chemical fertilizers, pesticides or additives. The problem is that at Whole Foods, shoppers have been paying way over the cost of regular produce, and its success in getting them to do so has now attracted a lot of 44． , from rival organics chains like Sprouts and Trader Joe' s to mass-market retailers like Walmart and Costco. 45． the price premium (价格溢价) for organic produce is crashing down. On a recent shopping trip, a pound of organic apples cost 2. 99 at Whole Foods but just 1. 99 at Sprouts and even less at Costco.
The firm has been cutting costs to keep its margins up, but the slump (骤降) in its share price reflects investors' expectation that this cannot continue, that profits will 46． and that Whole Foods' 47． of the market is coming to an end.
That the company has had to recall a number of products — in late July it and other grocers recalled plums and peaches suspected of contamination with Listeria bacteria—has made it 48． to maintain an air of superiority over its competitors. Organic foods' claim to superiority is 49． anyway. Both Britain' s Food Standards Agency and the Annals of Internal Medicine, a journal, concluded after 50． the extensive studies on the issue that there is no substantial difference in the nutritiousness of organics and non-organics. In some respects organics may be bad for the environment, because growing them uses land less efficiently than non-organics.
As for " natural" foods, there is no official definition of this, in America at least; so the label, which Whole Foods also applies to many products, is close to 51． . Alan McHughen argues that the whole industry is " 99% marketing and public perception," reeling (迷惑) people in through a fabricated concept of a time when food, and life in general, was simple and 52． .
If true, the trick has worked nicely for Whole Foods. But its success has attracted so many imitators that it is losing its 53． . Even recent speculation about a takeover bid has failed to lift its 54． . It may insist its food is 55． . But it seems its prices are not.
41．A．crash B．deal C．peak D．blow
42．A．desperate B．immediate C．magnificent D．widespread
43．A．going off B．turning over
C．breaking away D．getting through
44．A．participant B．competitor C．contractor D．supervisors
45．A．What' s more B．As a result
C．On the contrary D．Instead
46．A．increase B．withdraw C．block D．suffer
47．A．guidance B．independence C．dominance D．Influence
48．A．harder B．bolder C．wiser D．worse
49．A．agreeable B．considerable C．comparable D．questionable
50．A．monitoring B．modifying C．rejecting D．reviewing
51．A．meaningle B．carele C．mindle D．thoughtless
52．A．unanswered B．unchecked C．unsettled D．unprocessed
53．A．priority B．property C．uniquene D．standard
54．A．price B．share C．brand D．market
55．A．comprehensive B．steady C．revolutionary D．sustainable
六、阅读理解
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 阅读理解
Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators in the lives of their children and shrug, " It' s their life," and feel nothing
When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches (缝线) in my son' s head. I asked, " When do you stop worry " The nurse said, " When they get out of the accident stage. " My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class. As if to read my mind, a teacher said. " Don' t worry, they all go through this stage and then you can sit back, relax and enjoy them. " My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open. A friend said, " They' re trying to find themselves. Don' t worry, in a few years, you can stop worrying. They' ll adults. " My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children, but there was a new wrinkle, there was nothing I could do about it. My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
I continued to suffer from their failures, and be absorbed in their disappointments. My friends said that when my kids got married, I could stop worrying and lead my own life. I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted by my mother' s warm smile and her occasional " You look pale. Are you all right Call me the minute you get home. Are you depressed about something " Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry
One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, " Where were you I' ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried. "
I smiled a warm smile.
56．The author intends to tell us in the passage that ____.
A．parents long for a period when they no longer worry about their children
B．there is no time when parents have no worry about their children
C．it' s parents' duty to worry about their children
D．parents don' t have to worry their children
57．The author mentioned her ages of twenties, thirties, forties and fifty in order to show ____.
A．the hard times she experienced in her life
B．the different stages of her children
C．she had been worrying about her children in her life
D．the support she received from her mother
58．What can we infer from the last sentence " I smiled a warm smile"
A．Finally the mother didn' t have to worry about her children.
B．The mother was pleased that her child began to worry about her, too.
C．At last the mother could live her own life without worry.
D．The mother felt satisfied that she had succeeded in turning her children into adults.
（2022高一上·集宁期中）阅读理解
Do you get nervous
thinking about a coming math test If yes, you are
far from alone. Math anxiety has become a common condition among students
around the world. Students in countries with higher levels of math anxiety tend
to achieve lower math grades, according to a study published by the National
Academy of Sciences on Feb 15.
Math anxiety-a
negative emotional reaction to the core subject-causes fear, physical suffering
and behavior problems among young pupils, according to a University of
Cambridge study. Some people also experience physical symptoms such as sweaty
palms or a racing heart. They may then try to avoid every situation involving
numbers, meaning they are held back from pursuing careers related to this
subject, such as technology or engineering, according to The Guardian.
Relief comes from
the fact that those with math anxiety aren't destined (注定的) to be bad at math.
"If a child has math anxiety, don't assume that they're not good at math.
They may have had a really bad experience with math and there are ways to
improve math achievement," Daniel Ansari, the senior author of the study
told The London Free Press.
Also, there are
ways to manage your stress related to math. If you're feeling stressed before a
math exam, it may help to spend a few minutes exploring those feelings before
the exam begins. "It's about making sure you're interpreting your feelings
correctly, "Sian Beilock, a cognitive (认知的) scientist told
the BBC. "Just because you have a fast heartbeat and sweaty palms, that
does not necessarily mean you will fail."
Math doesn't come
easy, no matter how clever you are. Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian
artist, was a huge fan of mathematics. But his notebooks show that Da Vinci
couldn't do fractions (分数). He could never
grasp, for instance, that dividing a number by one-quarter is the same as
multiplying by four, resulting in a higher number than the original.
59．What do we know about math anxiety
A．People who are good at math don't experience math anxiety.
B．It is most commonly seen among teenagers.
C．It can cause unpleasant symptoms both mentally and physically.
D．Math anxiety leads to people struggling in their career.
60．What does Daniel Ansari's study imply
A．Math anxiety may contribute to better grades.
B．Students with math anxiety may have higher cognitive abilities.
C．Math anxiety does not reflect the ability to solve math problems.
D．Bad experience with math can cause cognitive disadvantages.
61．How should you deal with the stress related to math according to the article
A．Practice more before you take math exams.
B．Learn to understand your feelings.
C．Ask cognitive experts for help.
D．Take all nervous energy as a challenge.
62．Why is Leonardo da Vinci's story mentioned
A．To show that math definitely isn't easy.
B．To explain why math is a particularly difficult subject.
C．To show da Vinci's math anxiety is very serious.
D．To suggest a way to solve math anxiety.
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 阅读理解
Humans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate: whether nature or nurture (养育) shapes us more. A revolution in genetics has poised this as a modern political question about the character of our society: if personalities are hard-wired into our genes, what can governments do to help us It feels morally questionable, yet claims of genetic selection by intelligence are making headlines.
This is down to " hereditarian" (遗传论的) science and a recent paper claimed " differences in exam performance between pupils attending extraordinary and ordinary schools mirror the genetic differences between them" . With such an assertion, the work was predictably greeted by a lot of absurd claims about " genetics determining academic success" . What the research revealed was the rather less surprising result: the educational benefits of extraordinary schools largely disappear once pupils' inborn ability and socio-economic background were taken into account. That is to say, there' s nothing to support strongly either a hereditary or environmental argument.
Yet the paper does say children are " unintentionally genetically selected" by the school system. Central to hereditarian science is a tall claim: that identifiable variations in genetic sequences can predict an individual' s ability to learn, reason and solve problems. This is problematic on many levels. A teacher could not seriously tell a parent their child has a low genetic tendency to study when external factors clearly exist. Unlike-minded academics say the inheritability of human traits is scientifically unsound. At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence. Yet sophisticated statistics are used to create a frightening atmosphere of scientific certainty.
While there' s an undoubted genetic basis to individual difference, it is wrong to think that socially defined groups can be genetically accounted for. The fixation on genes as destiny is surely false too. Medical predictability can rarely be based on DNA alone; the environment matters too. Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes. If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy. Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, " the ultimate collective control of human destinies," as writer H. G. Wells put it. Knowledge becomes power and power requires a sense of responsibility. In understanding cognitive (认知的) ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more skeptical eye on the science. As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.
63．What did a recent research paper claim
A．The type of school students attend makes a difference to their future.
B．Genetic differences between students are far greater than supposed.
C．Students' academic performance is somewhat determined by their genes.
D．The advantages of extraordinary schools are too obvious to ignore.
64．What does the author say about the relationship between DNA and intelligence
A．It is one of scientific certainty.
B．It is not one of cause and effect.
C．It is subject to interpretation of statistics.
D．It is not fully examined by gene scientists.
65．What do hereditarians need to do to make their claims convincing
A．Take all relevant factors into account in interpreting their data.
B．Conduct their research using more sophisticated technology.
C．Gather gene data from people of all social classes.
D．Cooperate with social scientists in their research.
66．What does the author warn against in the passage
A．Losing sight of professional ethics in conducting research.
B．Misunderstanding the findings of human cognition research.
C．Promoting discrimination in the name of science.
D．Exaggerating the power of technology in shaping the world.
七、任务型阅读
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 任务型阅读
When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test, or even the ability to do well in school. 　67． 　 The true test of intelligence is not how much we know how to do，but how we behave when we don' t know what to do.
The intelligent person, young or old, meeting a new situation or problem, opens himself up to it. He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it. He thinks about it, instead of about himself or what it might cause to happen to him. If he fails to master it, he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence. 　68． 　 Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same thing as intelligence, only less of it. It is an entirely different style of behavior, out of entirely set of attitudes.
Years of watching and comparing bright children with the not-bright，or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, unite himself with it. 　69． 　 On the other hand, the dull child is far less curious, far less interested in what goes on and what is real. The bright child likes to experiment, to try things out. He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat. 　70． 　 The dull child is usually afraid to try at all, It takes a great deal of urging to get him to try even once；if that try fails, he is through.
A．Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life.
B．If he can' t do something one way, he' ll try another.
C．He takes it for granted that he is the most intelligent guy in the world.
D．He continues his pursuit until he finally succeeds.
E．By intelligence we mean a style of life, a way of behaving in various situations.
F．There is no wall between himself and life.
八、书面表达
71．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 概要写作
THE TEENAGE BRAIN
Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers knows how difficult the adolescent years can be. Adolescents have always been known to do wild — even dangerous — things. This was thought to be due to the foolishness of youth. Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.
Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly " grow up" . During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This " upgrade" was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses with the need to follow rules. However, a still-developing brain does this clumsily. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.
The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways. Fortunately, the news isn' t all negative. As brain scientist B．J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.
One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people.
Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize that our peers may one day control the world we live in. Because it is still developing, a teen brain can change to deal with new situations. It therefore connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life.
九、翻译
72．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 专家把大学生感到难以适应校园生活的这个现象归因于缺乏包容和相互理解。（owe）（汉译英）
73．（2018高二上·南沙期中）只有当你经历了真正的磨难后, 你才知道幸福的可贵。(only if)
74．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 谈判双方只关心各自利益，且对各自应承担的责任意见相左，至今未在该问题上达成共识。(result) (汉译英)
75．（2020高二上·上海期中）政府建议市民不开私家车，而是搭乘公共交通前往展览馆，这样在一定程度上可以减缓交通压力。(recommend) （汉译英）
十、书面表达
76．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 请你根据下面图片，以" Labor Education Counts" 为题写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
1. 你对图片的解读；
2. 你的一次劳动体验。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 短文题目已为你写好。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Could you please tell me if the Beijing flight will be arriving on time
W: Yes, sir. It should be arriving in about ten minutes.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place
【分析】问题：这次谈话最有可能发生在哪里？根据"Could you please tell me if the Beijing fight will be arriving on time "你能告诉我北京的航班是否准时到达吗？；以及"Yes, sir. It should be arriving in about ten minutes. "是的，先生。大约十分钟后就会到。可推知他们可能在机场，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
2．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I still have to buy those tickets for tomorrow's concert.
W: They may be sold out by now. They've been on sale for a week and the singer is very popular.
Q: What can we learn from this conversation'
【分析】问题：我们能从这次对话中学到什么？根据"They may be sold out by now. They've been on sale for a week and the singer is very popular. "它们现在可能已经卖光了。它们已经卖了一个星期了，这位歌手很受欢迎。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W:The garage sent a mechanic here today and he said it cost $50 to have it repaired.
M:We might as well spend $150 more to buy a new one then.
Q: What does the man intend to do
【分析】问题：男士打算做什么？根据"We might as well spend $150 more to buy a new one then. "那我们还不如多花150美元买一个新的。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
4．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Jim, this bike would be good for racing and it isn't very expensive
M: Yes, but my son needs a heavier one to use when he delivers his papers.
Q: What kind of bike does Jim want to buy
【分析】问题： Jim 想买什么样的自行车？根据"but my son needs a heavier one to use when he delivers his papers. "但我儿子送文件时需要一个更重的。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
5．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Did you hear the weather forecast
W: Yes, they said it would be slightly above freezing tomorrow.
Q: What is the weather like
【分析】问题：天气怎么样》根据"they said it would be slightly above freezing tomorrow. "他们说明天的气温会略高于零度。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
6．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I was hoping that you would wear your new dress. It's much prettier.
W: But this one is more comfortable for the hot weather.
Q: Which dress is the woman wearing
【分析】问题：女士穿哪件衣服？根据"But this one is more comfortable for the hot weather. "但是这件个在炎热的天气里更舒适。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
7．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M:I'd like to speak to Mr. Jones, please.
W:Sorry, sir. But Mr. Jones isn' t here any more. Mr. Williams is in charge now.
Q:What can we infer from the conversation
【分析】问题：我们能从对话中推断出什么？根据" But Mr. Jones isn' t here any more. Mr. Williams is in charge now. "但Jones先生已经不在这了。Williams 先生现在负责。可推知 Jones先生过去是负责人，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
8．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W:Can' t you knock on the door before you enter my office next time
M:Sorry! It's just that I'm in such a hurry.
Q:How did the woman feel when she was speaking to the man
【分析】问题：女士和男士说话时感觉如何？根据"Can' t you knock on the door before you enter my office next time "下次进我办公室之前你能敲门吗？可推知她很生气，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
9．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M:I think I'll go to a movie tonight instead of working on my papers.
W:I wouldn't if I were in your shoes.
Q:What does the woman imply
【分析】问题：女士的意思是什么？根据"I think I'll go to a movie tonight instead of working on my papers. "我想我今晚去看电影，而不是写论文；以及"I wouldn't if I were in your shoes. "如果我站在你的立场，我不会的。可推知她认为男士人应该写论文。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
10．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M:It's two thirty in the afternoon and they haven't come to fix the machine yet.
W:What! I called the front desk at eight o' clock in the morning. Where the hell are they
Q:What was the matter Section B？
【分析】问题：B区出了什么事？根据"It's two thirty in the afternoon and they haven't come to fix the machine yet. "现在是下午两点半，他们还没有来修机器；以及"What! I called the front desk at eight o' clock in the morning. Where the hell are they "什么!我早上八点打电话给前台。他们到底在哪里？可知男士等了很长时间，但没有人来修理机器。故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
【答案】11．D
12．D
13．C
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】
We use all sorts of services without thinking how we get them. But such services cost money. We pay for them through taxes. What would happen if everyone in a city stops paying taxes The water supply would stop. The street might not be cleaned. There would be no police force to protect people and property.
The chief duty of every government is to protect people and property. More than three fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teaching and training our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials.
Years ago, the government made money from the sale of public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. The money raised was used to help pay the cost of government. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal, gas, and other natural products. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years: So we all must pay our shares for the services that make our life comfortable
(Now listen again, please! )
Questions:
（1）What is the chief duty of every government
（2）How did the government raise money in the past
（3）What is the passage mainly about
【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
11．问题：每个政府的主要职责是什么？根据"The chief duty of every government is to protect people and property. "每个政府的首要职责是保护人民和财产。故选D。
12．问题：政府过去是如何筹集资金的？根据"Years ago, the government made money from the sale of public lands."几年前，政府通过出售公共土地赚钱。故选D。
13．问题：这篇文章主要讲什么？根据短文内容可知，本文介绍了公众提供的税收和服务的相关知识，故选C。
【答案】14．B
15．D
16．A
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】
I started off as a conductor but became a bus driver because the conductors are gradually less needed, if you want to be a driver you have to take a strict medical examination to make sure you're completely healthy,and you must have a clean driving license. You go to the training school for four weeks to learn how to control a bus. At the end of it all, you take the test. I was lucky, I passed first time.
I usually drive for about seven hours a day with breaks in between. My basic pay is S120 a week. I also get free subway and bus travel.
Some men drivers think because you're a woman, young and new, they can make fun of you but generally I get on well with them. It's much easier to drive a bus than a car. You're much higher up so you can see the traffic jams miles ahead.
I often have little old ladies get off the bus and walk all the way round to the front of the bus to tell me how they admire my driving. It' s really encouraging especially if I'm feeling
miserable.
(Naw listen again, please! )
Questions:
（1）What must the woman have in order to become a bus driver
（2）Why did the woman think she was lucky
（3）What did the woman think of her job as a bus driver
【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
14．问题： 为了成为一名公交车司机，女士必须具备什么？根据"if you want to be a driver you have to take a strict medical examination to make sure you're completely healthy,and you must have a clean driving license. "如果你想成为一名司机，你必须进行严格的体检以确保你完全健康，而且你必须有一张干净的驾驶执照。故选B。
15．问题：为什么女士认为自己很幸运？根据"At the end of it all, you take the test. I was lucky，I passed first time"最后，你参加考试。我很幸运，我第一次通过了，故选D。
16．问题：女士对她当公共汽车司机的工作有什么看法？根据"I often have little old ladies get off the bus and walk all the way round to the front of the bus to tell me how they admire my driving. It' s really encouraging especially if I'm feeling miserable. "我经常让一些小老太太下车，一路走到公交车的前面，告诉我她们多么欣赏我的驾驶。这真的很鼓舞人心，尤其是当我感觉悲惨时，故选A。
【答案】17．B
18．A
19．C
20．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】
M: Hey Uh. what are you doing home this weekend I thought classes didn't end until next week.
W:Hi Dad. I love you.
M: Ah, the three magic words; I NEED HELP! I've heard those before .
W:Uh, well, we'd better sit down.
M: Uh, this doesn't sound good.
W:Well, first of all. hey, is that painting on the wall new
M: No, no, no, no, no. Let's get back to the conversation now.
W: Okay. first of all. I am falling all of my classes, I lost my job. I wrecked my car. I mean. your car last week. It's at the bottom of the lake. . . I think. and the laptop I borrowed from you. . well. it was in the backseat of the car. That's all of the good new.
M: Uh, wait.
W:Dad. You're not saying anything.
M:Okay. Now, what's the bad news.
W:Well, I just found out that my old boyfriend was a member of a gang. He says that he and 20 of his friends are gonna come over here to talk to you about what you posted on their Facebook page.
M: I don't even know how to use Facebook!
W:Well, you do now. I have to go. I'd rather not be here in about 20 minutes. Love you. Bye.
M:Ugh! !
(Now listen again, please! )
Questions
（1）Where does this conversation take place
（2）What might have happened to the family car
（3）What can we know about the father's computer
（4）What was the man that the daughter might have been dating doing
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
17．问题：对话发生在哪里？根据对话内容，可推知父女可能在家中交谈，故选B。
18．问题：这辆家用汽车可能发生了什么事？根据"I wrecked my car. I mean. your car last week. It's at the bottom of the lake. . "我把我的车撞坏了。我是说。你的车上周在湖底。故选A。
19．问题：关于这位父亲的电脑，我们能知道些什么？根据" I mean. your car last week. It's at the bottom of the lake. . . I think. and the laptop I borrowed from you. . well. it was in the backseat of the car. That's all of the good new. "我的意思是，你上周的车。它在湖底…我想。还有我从你那里借的笔记本电脑。嗯。它在车的后座。这都是新的好东西。可推知除非放在防水容器里，否则电脑目前正处于严重的问题之中，故选C。
20．问题：女儿可能正在约的男士在做什么？根据" I just found out that my old boyfriend was a member of a gang. He says that he and 20 of his friends are gonna come over here to talk to you about what you posted on their Facebook page. "我刚发现我的老男友是一个帮派的成员。他说他和他的20个朋友会来这里和你谈谈你在他们的Facebook页面上发布的内容。故选B。
【答案】21．which；22．As soon as；23．fueled；24．that；25．less creative；26．approaching；27．to do；28．ranged；29．ourselves；30．through
【知识点】说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们应如何对待陌生人粗鲁行为。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，状语从句，非谓语动词，宾语从句，形容词，时态，代词，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
21．句意：一个女人拿起电话，开始大声交谈，持续了令人难以置信的一个小时。 would last an unbelievable hour是非限制性定语从句， 先行词a loud conversation，指物，在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
22．句意：火车一到目的地，温斯顿就下了车，飞快地走了。 the train arrived at its destination 是状语从句，as soon as"一……就……"，引导时间状语从句，符合语境，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As soon as。
23．句意：温斯顿的故事是我们这个时代越来越粗鲁的缩影，社交媒体(通常还有政治)助长了这个时代。逻辑主语Winston's tale与动词fuel在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作状语。故填fueled。
24．句意：仅仅是目睹别人的粗鲁行为，我们以后也会变得粗鲁无礼。主语+ make it +adj. + that+从句。句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故填that。
25．句意：一旦被感染，我们就会变得更有攻击性，更缺乏创造力，工作表现也会更差。连词and前后是形容词比较级形式。在结合句意。故填less creative。
26．句意：对温斯顿来说，这意味着走近那位女士，告诉她她的谈话让其他乘客感到沮丧，并礼貌地要求她说话声音小一些，或者另找时间打个电话。mean doing sth.固定短语，"意味着做某事"，故填approaching。
27．句意：我们对陌生人粗鲁行为的愤怒和不公正会驱使我们做一些奇怪的事情。drive sb to do固定短语，"驱使某人做某事"，故填to do。
28．句意：人们的报复行为从荒谬到令人不安。根据定语从句中的动词had taken可分析这是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填ranged。
29．句意：但是，我们可以优雅地处理它，不带任何攻击性，我们自己也不粗鲁。结合句意，这里用反身代词。主语是we，所以用ourselves。故填ourselves。
30．句意：因为一旦粗鲁的人可以通过别人的眼睛看到自己的行为，他们就更有可能自己结束冲突。名词the eyes of others前用介词。分析句意可知，这里是表达通过别人的眼睛看自己的行为，所以用介词through。故填through。
【答案】31．K；32．I；33．A；34．H；35．B；36．G；37．E；38．C；39．D；40．F
【知识点】说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，根据世界自然保护联盟的红色名录，32000种物种面临灭绝的威胁，包括鸟类和哺乳动物。尽管各国和国际上都在努力保护濒危物种，但我们仍然捕捞其中的许多物种。文章主要说明了研究人员指出吃水母可以拯救濒危物种。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
31．句意：尽管各国和国际上都在努力保护濒危物种，但我们仍然积极捕捞其中的许多物种。根据上文"According to the IUCN Red List 32,000 species are threatened with extinction—everything from birds and mammals."根据世界自然保护联盟的红色名录，32000种物种面临灭绝的威胁，包括鸟类和哺乳动物；以及句意"濒危的"可知应用形容词endangered，作定语修饰species。故选K。
32．句意：对于那些海鲜爱好者来说，这是一个悲伤的消息，但研究人员已经想出了一种我们可以提供帮助的不同寻常的方式——这涉及到吃水母。根据空后"eating jellyfish"以及句意"涉及"可知应用动词involve，作谓语，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选I。
33．句意：2006年至2014年间，有92种脆弱或濒危物种被捕获、记录和出售。根据空后"were being caught, recorded, and sold"以及句意"物种"可知应用名词species，作主语。故选A。
34．句意：当它们被出售时，很少有鱼类和无脊椎动物被要求按照物种进行标签，所以消费者没有办法知道他们吃的是什么。根据空后"so consumers have no way of knowing what they're eating"以及句意"很少"可知应用形容词rare，作表语。故选H。
35．句意：当它们被出售时，很少有鱼类和无脊椎动物被要求按照物种进行标签，所以消费者没有办法知道他们吃的是什么。根据空后"according to species"以及句意"标签"可知应用动词label，此处为to be done形式。故选B。
36．句意：需要强调的是，这里只简要介绍了实际问题。根据空后"view of the real problem is shown"以及句意"简要的"可知应用形容词brief，作定语，故选G。
37．句意：在这里，我们没有看那些模糊的记录，我们只看实际物种被列出的记录——所以我们大大低估了实际捕获的数量。根据空前"we only looked at records where the actual species was listed — so we've made a huge"以及句意"低估"可知应用名词underestimate，作宾语。故选E。
38．句意：有一些方法可以解决我们在世界海洋中制造的混乱，包括将我们对海产品的概念扩展到包括水母。根据空后"our idea of seafood to include jellyfish"以及句意"扩展"可知应用动名词expanding，作宾语。故选C。
39．句意：保护科学家卡里萨·克莱因告诉《科学警报》："我们需要改进海产品的标签，以便消费者能够获得所有信息，做出明智的选择。"根据空前"We need to improve the labelling of seafood so that consumers can have all the information to make a/an"以及句意"明智的"可知应用形容词informed，作定语。故选D。
40．句意：在研究人员所在的澳大利亚，甚至有官方指南为你提供餐桌上和海上的可持续未来。根据空后"future both on your table and at sea"以及句意"可持续的"可知应用形容词sustainable，作定语。故选F。
【答案】41．C；42．B；43．A；44．B；45．B；46．D；47．C；48．A；49．D；50．D；51．A；52．D；53．C；54．B；55．D
【知识点】社会现象类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了对美国有机和天然食品销售商Whole Foods股价下跌进行分析，究其原因是更多公司进入有机天然食品市场以及有机食物概念的模糊性导致它失去了优越性。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
41．句意：然而，这家美国有机和天然食品销售商的股价自去年10月达到峰值以来下跌了40%以上，当时股市一直很强劲。A. crash"崩溃"；B. deal"交易"；C. peak"峰值"；D. blow"打击"。根据空后"in a period when stock markets have been strong"可知，股票在达到顶峰后下降了40%。故选C。
42．句意：这并不是说这家零售商陷入了目前的危机：7月30日的最新季度数据显示，销售额和利润都略有上升。A. desperate"绝望的"；B. immediate"立即的，目前的"；C. magnificent"壮丽的"；D. widespread"广泛的"。根据下文"its latest quarterly figure "可知，这里是在描述现在的情况，所以"目前的危机"符合语境。故选B。
43．句意：而且，这并不是说人们正在为不使用化肥、杀虫剂或添加剂生产的食品支付更多的费用的想法失去了兴趣。A. going off"出发，对……失去兴趣"；B. turning over"翻身"；C. breaking away"挣脱"；D. getting through"通过"。根据语境可知，这里作者在分析股价下降原因，认为股价下跌也不是人们对有机食物失去了兴趣。故选A。
44．句意：问题是，在Whole Foods，购物者一直在为常规农产品的成本买单，而它成功地让他们买单，现在吸引了很多竞争对手，从Sprouts和Trader Joe's等竞争对手有机食品连锁店到沃尔玛和好市多等大众市场零售商。A. participants"参与者"；B. competitors"竞争对手"；C. contractors"承包商"；D. supervisors"主管"。根据空后"Sprouts and Trader Joe's"以及"Walmart and Costco"可知，这些都是Whole Foods的竞争对手，它们看到有机食物有市场，都想进来分一杯羹。故选B。
45．句意：因此，有机农产品的价格溢价正在下降。A. What's more"更重要的是"；B. As a result"因此"；C. On the contrary"相反"；D. Instead"代替"。根据空后"crashing down"可知，由于越来越多公司进入有机食物市场，"因此"，有机农产品的价格溢价会下降，所以前后两句是因果关系。故选B。
46．句意：该公司一直在削减成本以保持利润率，但其股价的暴跌反映了投资者的预期，即这种情况无法继续，利润将受到影响变差，而全食食品在市场上的主导地位即将结束。 A. increase"增加"；B. withdraw"撤回"；C. block"阻止"；D. suffer"遭受，变差"。根据空后"coming to an end"可知，该公司总体情况不是很好，利润也将变差。故选D。
47．句意：该公司一直在削减成本以保持利润率，但其股价的暴跌反映了投资者的预期，即这种情况无法继续，利润将受到影响变差，而全食食品在市场上的主导地位即将结束。A. guidance"指导"；B. independence"独立"；C. dominance"支配，统治"；D. influence"影响"。根据上文可知，由于很多其它的大公司进入市场，所以Whole Foods该市场的的"统治地位"将结束。故选C。
48．句意：该公司不得不在7月下旬召回一些产品，它和其他食品商召回了怀疑受李斯特菌污染的李子和桃子，这使得它很难保持比竞争对手的优势。A. harder"更难的"；B. bolder"更大胆的"；C. wiser"更聪明的"；D. worse"更糟的"。根据上文" recall a number of products"可知，由于产品质量问题，Whole Foods召回部分有问题产品，这会让它的声誉受损，"更难"维持它在竞争者中的领先优势。故选A。
49．句意：不管怎么说，有机食品声称的优越性是值得怀疑的。A. agreeable"令人愉快的"；B. considerable"可观的"；C. comparable"可比的"；D. questionable"可疑的"。根据空后"there is no substantial difference in the nutritiousness of organics and non-organics"可知，有机食品和非有机食品在营养方面没有什么差别，所以有机食物的优越性是值得"质疑的"。故选D。
50．句意：英国食品标准局（Food Standards Agency）和《内科年鉴》（the Annals of Internal Medicine）杂志在对这一问题的广泛研究进行回顾后得出结论，有机物和非有机物的营养成分没有实质性差异。A. monitoring"监控"；B. modifying"修改"；C. rejecting"拒绝"；D. reviewing"审核，回顾"。根据空前"concluded"可知，应该是在"回顾"广泛研究后才得出结论。故选D。
51．句意：至于"天然"食品，至少在美国没有官方定义；因此，Whole Foods也适用于许多产品的标签几乎毫无意义。A. meaningless"无意义的"；B. careless"粗心的"；C. mindless"无头脑的"；D. thoughtless"轻率的"。根据上文"there is no official definition of this"可知，官方没有给出天然食物的定义，所以这些天然食物的标签是"没有任何意义的"。故选A。
52．句意：艾伦·麦克休恩（Alan McHughen）认为，整个行业都是"99%的营销和公众感知"，通过一个虚构的概念让人们陷入困境，当时的食品和生活都很简单，而且不需要加工的。A. unanswered"未答复的"；B. unchecked"未检查的"；C. unsettled"未结算的"；D. unprocessed"未处理的"。根据语境可知，有机食物传递给公众的思想是越天然"未加工的"东西，越是好的值得推崇的东西。故选D。
53．句意：如果这是真的，那么这一技巧对全食食品很有效。但它的成功吸引了如此多的模仿者，以至于它正在失去它的独特性。A. priority"优先权"；B. property"财产"；C. uniqueness"唯一性"；D. standard"标准"。根据空前" many imitators "可知，很多人公司模仿它，所以它失去了"独特性"。故选C。
54．句意：就连最近关于收购要约的猜测也未能提振其股票。A. prices"价格"；B. shares"股票"；C. brand"品牌"；D. market"市场"。根据空前"Even"；以及上文" fallen by more than 40%"可知，甚至要约也没有提高它的"股价"。故选B。
55．句意：它可能会坚持自己的食物是可持续的。但它的价格似乎并非如此。A. comprehensive"全面的"；B. steady"稳定的"；C. revolutionary"革命性的"；D. sustainable"可持续的"。根据下文" its prices are not"以及结合选项可知，虽然公司坚持说它食物是"可持续的"，但它的价格却不可持续，股价一直在跌。故选D。
【答案】56．B
57．C
58．B
【知识点】推理判断题；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，以一名家长的视角阐述了一个道理：只要是家长都会关心和担心自己的孩子。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
56．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions "有没有一个神奇的截止期，让孩子们对自己的行为负责？；第二段中的"When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son's head."当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针；第三段中的"When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class."30多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂；第四段中的"When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open."在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着电话铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门打开；以及第五段中的"By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children"到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担心我的孩子们。可知，作者身为家长，在每个年龄段都会对孩子时时牵挂。故选B。
57．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son's head."当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针；第三段中的"When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class."30多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂；第四段中的"When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open."在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着电话铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门打开；以及第五段中的"By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children"到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担心我的孩子们。可知作者在提及各个年龄阶段，是为了说明无论孩子年龄多大，任何家长对子女的担心和关心都是始终如一的。"每个家长都会关心和担心自己的孩子"体现的本文的主旨。故选C。
58．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, ‘Where were you I've been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried.'"上个月，我的一个孩子打电话问我："你在哪里？"我打了三天电话，没人接，我是很担心的。可知，作者的孩子开始关心和担心作者了，作者觉到孩子们懂事了长大了，因此很开心。故选B。
【答案】59．C
60．C
61．B
62．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了数学焦虑以及缓解的方法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
59．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Math anxiety — a negative emotional reaction to the core subject — causes fear,physical suffering and behavior problems among young pupils,according to a University of Cambridge study. ”剑桥大学的一项研究表明，数学焦虑—一种对核心学科的负面情绪反应—会导致年轻学生的恐惧、身体痛苦和行为问题。可知，数学焦虑会在精神和身体上引起不愉快的症状，故选C。
60．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"If a child has math anxiety，don't assume that they're not good at math. They may have had a really bad experience with math and there are ways to improve math achievement，'Daniel Ansari,the senior author of the study told The London Free Press. ”"如果一个孩子有数学焦虑，不要认为他们不擅长数学。他们可能有过非常糟糕的数学经历，但有一些方法可以提高数学成绩"，该研究的资深作者Daniel Ansari在接受《伦敦自由出版社》采访时表示。可知，Daniel Ansari的研究表明，数学焦虑并不反映解决数学问题的能力，故选C。
61．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“If you're feeling stressed before a math exam,it may help to spend a few minutes exploring those feelings before the exam begins. ‘It's about making sure you're interpreting your feelings correctly,' Sian Beilock…”如果你在数学考试前感到有压力，在考试开始前花几分钟探究这些感觉可能会有帮助。"这是为了确保你正确地理解自己的感受"，Sian Beilock说。可知，如果你有关于数学的压力，你应该学会理解自己的感受，故选B。
62．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Math doesn't come easy,no matter how clever you are.”不管你有多聪明，数学都不容易学，接着文章举了达·芬奇的例子，达·芬奇是数学的狂热爱好者，但他不会做分数，以此来支撑上述观点，说明学习数学不容易。故选A。
【答案】63．C
64．B
65．A
66．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过最近的一篇论文提醒大家，要以科学的视角来看待事物，不能以科学的名义鼓吹歧视。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
63．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"a recent paper claimed ‘differences in exam performance between pupils attending extraordinary and ordinary schools mirror the genetic differences between them'."最近的一篇论文称"就读于特殊学校和普通学校的学生在考试成绩上的差异，反映了他们之间的遗传差异"可知，这篇论文称：学生的学习成绩在某种程度上取决于他们的基因。故选C。
64．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence."充其量，DNA 和智力之间只有微弱的统计关联，而没有因果关系。可知，在作者看来，基因和智力之间没有因果关系。故选B。
65．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy."如果遗传学家想要推进他们的事业，就需要更加平衡的解释，而不仅仅是倡导行为。可知，遗传学家想要让他们的观点更加的让人信服，在解释他们的数据时就要考虑所有相关因素，有更加平衡的解释。故选A。
66．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"In understanding cognitive (认知的) ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more skeptical eye on the science."在理解认知能力方面，我们绝不能把歧视提升为一门科学：只允许人们在细胞可能暗示的范围内攀登生命的阶梯。这将需要一个更加怀疑的眼睛对科学。可知，作者反对的是以科学的名义鼓吹歧视。故选C。
【答案】67．E；68．A；69．F；70．B
【知识点】七选五；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了我们所谓的智商并不是指能够在某种测试中获得高分或在学校成绩优秀。而是指一种生活或行为的方式，特别是当处在一种全新或混乱的情形下时，要想测试一个人的智商，就必须看他的行为而不是看他懂多少。
【点评】考查六选四，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
67．根据空前"When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test, or even the ability to do well in school." 并不是指能够在某种测试中获得高分或在学校成绩优秀，由mean可知，指一种生活或行为的方式，E．By intelligence we mean a style of life, a way of behaving in various situations. "我们所说的智慧是指一种生活方式，一种在各种情况下的行为方式。"符合语境，故选E。
68．根据空后"Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same thing as intelligence, only less of it."同样明显的是，非智力并不是大多数心理学家所认为的，与智力是一样的，只是更少。此空与其句式相似， A．Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life. "很明显，它的根源在于对生活的某种感觉。"符合语境，故选A。
69．根据空前"The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, unite himself with it. "聪明的孩子对生活和现实充满好奇，渴望与之接触，与之融为一体。此处it指代life，同时himself反复出现， F．There is no wall between himself and life. "他和生活之间没有墙。"符语境，故选F。
70．根据空前"He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat." 他的格言是:剥去猫皮的方法不止一种。可知，聪明的小孩会不断尝试别的方法，B．If he can' t do something one way, he' ll try another. "如果他不能用一种方法做某事，他会尝试另一种方法。"符合语境，故选B。
71．【答案】Traditionally teenagers' risk-taking behavior was attributed to silliness of adolescence, while new research suggests their brain, undergoing dramatic change and struggling between instinct and discipline, accounts for it. Meanwhile the teen brain also makes teenagers value rewards and new experiences more by producing more pleasure-generating chemicals. Additionally, it stimulates teens to extend social circle, which is believed to bring success.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍多亏了大脑成像技术，科学家们发现了青少年不可预测行为的原因。研究表明，大脑在25岁之前会继续生长，所以青少年仍在发育的大脑会让他们冒险。青少年的大脑衡量风险和回报的方式与成年人不同，这刺激他们建立更多的社会联系，为他们未来的成功铺平道路。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Traditionally teenagers' risk-taking behavior was attributed to silliness of adolescence，while new research suggests their brain, undergoing dramatic change and struggling between instinct and discipline, accounts for it. 运用了被动语态，对比并列句，宾语从句；Meanwhile the teen brain also makes teenagers value rewards and new experiences more by producing more pleasure-generating chemicals. 运用了动名词作介词宾语； Additionally, it stimulates teens to extend social circle, which is believed to bring success.运用了费限制性定语从句。
72．【答案】The experts owed the phenomenon that the freshman who was new here felt it difficult to adapt himself to the campus life to the lack of tolerance and understanding.
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；同位语从句；汉译英；it的用法
【解析】【分析】语境表明陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，句子的主体结构为主谓宾，主语The experts；谓语owe...to"将……归因于"；phenomenon"现象"后接that引导的同位语从句，解释其具体内容，从句主语the freshman，后接who引导的定语从句，feel it difficult to do"感到难以做某事"，其中it作形式宾语，adapt oneself to sth"适应……"；the lack of tolerance and understanding"缺乏包容和相互理解"作主句的宾语，故答案为：The experts owed the phenomenon that the freshman who was new here felt it difficult to adapt himself to the campus life to the lack of tolerance and understanding.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时，形式宾语、同位语从句，定语从句以及固定短语owe...to和adapt oneself to sth.
73．【答案】Only if you experience real hardship will you be able to value happiness.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】only if固定短语，“只有......才.....”，引导条件状语从句；“only+状语”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，因此答案为Only if you experience real hardship will you be able to value happiness.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及only if引导的条件状语从句的应用以及部分倒装。
74．【答案】Both negotiating parties/sides only care about their own interests and hold different opinions on/about/of the duties they should take/bear/assume respectively, and as a result no agreement on this issue has been reached so far.
【知识点】动词的语态；固定短语；一般现在时；现在完成时；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；汉译英
【解析】【分析】分子句子结构，用and连接两个分句。第一个分句，主语为"谈判双方"翻译为Both negotiating parties/sides，谓语为并列的谓语，第一个谓语"关心"翻译为care about，宾语"各自利益"翻译为their own interests，第二个谓语"持有"翻译为hold，宾语"意见相左"翻译为different opinions on/about/of the duties，表示"各自应承担的"，使用定语从句修饰先行词the duties，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，也可以省略，描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时；第二个分句，"结果"，使用固定短语as a result，主语"没有在这件事情上的共识"翻译为no agreement on this issue，"到目前为止"翻译为so far，用现在完成时，谓语"达成"翻译为reach，"没有共识"和"达成"之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，agreement当"共识"讲时，是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故答案为Both negotiating parties/sides only care about their own interests and hold different opinions on/about/of the duties they should take/bear/assume respectively, and as a result no agreement on this issue has been reached so far.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，现在完成时的被动语态。定语从句以及固定短语care about和as a result和so far。
75．【答案】The government recommends the citizens to take the public transport instead of driving their private cars to the exhibition hall, which to some degree can relieve/ease the traffic (pressure)/so that the traffic (pressure) can be relieved.
The government recommends that the citizens (should) take …
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示可知，本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“建议某人做某事”可表达为recommend sb. to do sth./ recommend that sb. should do sth.；“开私家车”表达为drive one's own cars；“搭乘公共交通”表达为take the public transport 。“这样在一定程度上可以减缓交通压力。”可以使用非限制性定语从句对上文进行补充说明，也可用结果状语从句来表示这个建议带来的影响；“缓解交通压力”relieve/ease the traffic (pressure)；“在一定程度上”to some degree。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：The government recommends the citizens to take the public transport instead of driving their private cars to the exhibition hall, which to some degree can relieve/ease the traffic (pressure)/so that the traffic (pressure) can be relieved. The government recommends that the citizens (should) take …
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，宾语从句，定语从句，结果状语从句以及固定短语recommend sb. to do sth./ recommend that sb. should do sth；take the public transport和to some degree。
76．【答案】Labor Education Counts
As is shown in the picture, our nation impresses kids with the value of labor, encouraging them to apply their knowledge to real life and reap what they sow. Therefore, labor education should be an integral part of our life.
One of the most impressive practices of labor education for me was a spring field trip organized by our school, where the teachers taught us to build insect hotels. We first studied the living habits of insects and designed proper shelters for them, as if we were professional insect " by-sitters" . Then, we built environmentally-friendly hotels and placed them outdoors, using completely natural materials collected from the forests.
Although this trip appeared to be nothing but an educative activity, it turned out to be inspiring when we surprisingly found the hotels rally occupied by many insects afterward. This made me recognize that labor education counts and it is to the overall development of a teenager what water is to the growth of a tree.
【知识点】看图写话；提纲作文；图画式议论文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇图画作文，要求考生以 " Labor Education Counts" 为题，根据所给图片写一篇英语短文。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 你对图片的解读；2. 你的一次劳动体验。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：As is shown in the picture，our nation impresses kids with the value of labor, encouraging them to apply their knowledge to real life and reap what they sow. 运用了非限制性定语从句，现在分词作状语，宾语从句；One of the most impressive practices of labor education for me was a spring field trip organized by our school, where the teachers taught us to build insect hotels. 运用了非限制性定语从句；We first studied the living habits of insects and designed proper shelters for them, as if we were professional insect " by-sitters" . 运用了方式状语从句，虚拟语气；
Although this trip appeared to be nothing but an educative activity, it turned out to be inspiring when we surprisingly found the hotels rally occupied by many insects afterward. 运用了让步状语从句，时间状语从句；This made me recognize that labor education counts and it is to the overall development of a teenager what water is to the growth of a tree. 运用了省略to的不定式作宾补，宾语从句，并列句以及固定句式 it is to ... what ... is to ...。
1 / 1上海市2023届新高三秋季开学摸底考试卷
一、听对话回答问题
1．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．In a railroad station. B．In an airport.
C．In Beijing. D．In a post office
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Could you please tell me if the Beijing flight will be arriving on time
W: Yes, sir. It should be arriving in about ten minutes.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place
【分析】问题：这次谈话最有可能发生在哪里？根据"Could you please tell me if the Beijing fight will be arriving on time "你能告诉我北京的航班是否准时到达吗？；以及"Yes, sir. It should be arriving in about ten minutes. "是的，先生。大约十分钟后就会到。可推知他们可能在机场，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
2．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．Tickets will be difficult to buy
B．All the tickets were sold out last week
C．The tickets will not go on sale until tomorrow.
D．Many tickets are on sale.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I still have to buy those tickets for tomorrow's concert.
W: They may be sold out by now. They've been on sale for a week and the singer is very popular.
Q: What can we learn from this conversation'
【分析】问题：我们能从这次对话中学到什么？根据"They may be sold out by now. They've been on sale for a week and the singer is very popular. "它们现在可能已经卖光了。它们已经卖了一个星期了，这位歌手很受欢迎。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
3．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话回答问题
A．To save $150. B．To spend $200.
C．To buy a new one. D．To repair the old one.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W:The garage sent a mechanic here today and he said it cost $50 to have it repaired.
M:We might as well spend $150 more to buy a new one then.
Q: What does the man intend to do
【分析】问题：男士打算做什么？根据"We might as well spend $150 more to buy a new one then. "那我们还不如多花150美元买一个新的。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
4．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．A heavier one. B．An expensive one.
C．A lighter one. D．A racing one.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Jim, this bike would be good for racing and it isn't very expensive
M: Yes, but my son needs a heavier one to use when he delivers his papers.
Q: What kind of bike does Jim want to buy
【分析】问题： Jim 想买什么样的自行车？根据"but my son needs a heavier one to use when he delivers his papers. "但我儿子送文件时需要一个更重的。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
5．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．Cold. B．Warm. C．Hot. D．Cool.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Did you hear the weather forecast
W: Yes, they said it would be slightly above freezing tomorrow.
Q: What is the weather like
【分析】问题：天气怎么样》根据"they said it would be slightly above freezing tomorrow. "他们说明天的气温会略高于零度。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
6．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．The prettier dress.
B．The dress that the man likes.
C．The more comfortable dress
D．The new dress.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I was hoping that you would wear your new dress. It's much prettier.
W: But this one is more comfortable for the hot weather.
Q: Which dress is the woman wearing
【分析】问题：女士穿哪件衣服？根据"But this one is more comfortable for the hot weather. "但是这件个在炎热的天气里更舒适。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
7．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．The man doesn't want to see Mr. Williams.
B．Mr. Jones is in an inferior position to Mr. Williams.
C．Mr. Jones used to be in charge
D．Mr. Williams doesn' t want to speak.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M:I'd like to speak to Mr. Jones, please.
W:Sorry, sir. But Mr. Jones isn' t here any more. Mr. Williams is in charge now.
Q:What can we infer from the conversation
【分析】问题：我们能从对话中推断出什么？根据" But Mr. Jones isn' t here any more. Mr. Williams is in charge now. "但Jones先生已经不在这了。Williams 先生现在负责。可推知 Jones先生过去是负责人，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
8．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．She was feeling very sorry. B．She felt a bit annoyed.
C．She was in a hurry. D．She was in her office.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W:Can' t you knock on the door before you enter my office next time
M:Sorry! It's just that I'm in such a hurry.
Q:How did the woman feel when she was speaking to the man
【分析】问题：女士和男士说话时感觉如何？根据"Can' t you knock on the door before you enter my office next time "下次进我办公室之前你能敲门吗？可推知她很生气，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
9．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．The man should work on his papers.
B．The man should go to a movie.
C．The man should buy a new pair of shoes.
D．The woman wants to borrow shoes from him.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M:I think I'll go to a movie tonight instead of working on my papers.
W:I wouldn't if I were in your shoes.
Q:What does the woman imply
【分析】问题：女士的意思是什么？根据"I think I'll go to a movie tonight instead of working on my papers. "我想我今晚去看电影，而不是写论文；以及"I wouldn't if I were in your shoes. "如果我站在你的立场，我不会的。可推知她认为男士人应该写论文。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
10．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 听对话，回答问题。
A．It took a long time to fix the machine.
B．The man waited for long but no one came to fix the machine.
C．The woman called the front desk too early.
D．Everybody was in hell.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M:It's two thirty in the afternoon and they haven't come to fix the machine yet.
W:What! I called the front desk at eight o' clock in the morning. Where the hell are they
Q:What was the matter Section B？
【分析】问题：B区出了什么事？根据"It's two thirty in the afternoon and they haven't come to fix the machine yet. "现在是下午两点半，他们还没有来修机器；以及"What! I called the front desk at eight o' clock in the morning. Where the hell are they "什么!我早上八点打电话给前台。他们到底在哪里？可知男士等了很长时间，但没有人来修理机器。故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，然后带着问题有目的地听出关键词。
二、听长对话或独白回答问题
（2023高三上·上海市开学考）听对话，回答下列问题。
11．
A．To save natural resources for future use.
B．To collect taxes.
C．To teach and train citizens.
D．To protect people and property.
12．
A．By selling services that make life comfortable.
B．By collecting taxes.
C．By selling coal and other natural products.
D．By selling public lands
13．
A．Environmental pollution and protection.
B．Police efforts to protect people.
C．Taxes and services for the public.
D．People's attitude towards taxes.
【答案】11．D
12．D
13．C
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】
We use all sorts of services without thinking how we get them. But such services cost money. We pay for them through taxes. What would happen if everyone in a city stops paying taxes The water supply would stop. The street might not be cleaned. There would be no police force to protect people and property.
The chief duty of every government is to protect people and property. More than three fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teaching and training our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials.
Years ago, the government made money from the sale of public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. The money raised was used to help pay the cost of government. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal, gas, and other natural products. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years: So we all must pay our shares for the services that make our life comfortable
(Now listen again, please! )
Questions:
（1）What is the chief duty of every government
（2）How did the government raise money in the past
（3）What is the passage mainly about
【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
11．问题：每个政府的主要职责是什么？根据"The chief duty of every government is to protect people and property. "每个政府的首要职责是保护人民和财产。故选D。
12．问题：政府过去是如何筹集资金的？根据"Years ago, the government made money from the sale of public lands."几年前，政府通过出售公共土地赚钱。故选D。
13．问题：这篇文章主要讲什么？根据短文内容可知，本文介绍了公众提供的税收和服务的相关知识，故选C。
（2023高三上·上海市开学考）听对话，回答下列问题。
14．
A．A special medical treatment.
B．A driving license without a bad record
C．An experience as a conductor
D．Five weeks driving at a training school.
15．
A．She was strong enough to become a bus driver.
B．The men drivers were kind to her
C．She was able to see more clearly on a bus.
D．She passed the test the first time she took it
16．
A．Worthwhile. B．Boring. C．Dangerous. D．Poorly paid.
【答案】14．B
15．D
16．A
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】
I started off as a conductor but became a bus driver because the conductors are gradually less needed, if you want to be a driver you have to take a strict medical examination to make sure you're completely healthy,and you must have a clean driving license. You go to the training school for four weeks to learn how to control a bus. At the end of it all, you take the test. I was lucky, I passed first time.
I usually drive for about seven hours a day with breaks in between. My basic pay is S120 a week. I also get free subway and bus travel.
Some men drivers think because you're a woman, young and new, they can make fun of you but generally I get on well with them. It's much easier to drive a bus than a car. You're much higher up so you can see the traffic jams miles ahead.
I often have little old ladies get off the bus and walk all the way round to the front of the bus to tell me how they admire my driving. It' s really encouraging especially if I'm feeling
miserable.
(Naw listen again, please! )
Questions:
（1）What must the woman have in order to become a bus driver
（2）Why did the woman think she was lucky
（3）What did the woman think of her job as a bus driver
【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
14．问题： 为了成为一名公交车司机，女士必须具备什么？根据"if you want to be a driver you have to take a strict medical examination to make sure you're completely healthy,and you must have a clean driving license. "如果你想成为一名司机，你必须进行严格的体检以确保你完全健康，而且你必须有一张干净的驾驶执照。故选B。
15．问题：为什么女士认为自己很幸运？根据"At the end of it all, you take the test. I was lucky，I passed first time"最后，你参加考试。我很幸运，我第一次通过了，故选D。
16．问题：女士对她当公共汽车司机的工作有什么看法？根据"I often have little old ladies get off the bus and walk all the way round to the front of the bus to tell me how they admire my driving. It' s really encouraging especially if I'm feeling miserable. "我经常让一些小老太太下车，一路走到公交车的前面，告诉我她们多么欣赏我的驾驶。这真的很鼓舞人心，尤其是当我感觉悲惨时，故选A。
（2023高三上·上海市开学考）听对话，回答下列问题。
17．
A．At the girl's dormitory B．At their home.
C．In the car. D．At the station.
18．
A．The woman drove it into some deep water
B．Some people stole the vehicle by the lake.
C．The man' s daughter hit a tree on a picnic.
D．The man's daughter hit a passenger in the street.
19．
A．It is currently in a repair shop after the woman dumped water on it.
B．It is currently being stored safely in the vehicle by the lake
C．It is currently in serious trouble unless it is in a waterproof container.
D．It is currently in serious trouble after the woman dumped water on it.
20．
A．Majoring in criminal justice at the university.
B．Being involved in some illegal activity.
C．Working as an officer in a police gang unit.
D．Working as a director in an enterprise.
【答案】17．B
18．A
19．C
20．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】
M: Hey Uh. what are you doing home this weekend I thought classes didn't end until next week.
W:Hi Dad. I love you.
M: Ah, the three magic words; I NEED HELP! I've heard those before .
W:Uh, well, we'd better sit down.
M: Uh, this doesn't sound good.
W:Well, first of all. hey, is that painting on the wall new
M: No, no, no, no, no. Let's get back to the conversation now.
W: Okay. first of all. I am falling all of my classes, I lost my job. I wrecked my car. I mean. your car last week. It's at the bottom of the lake. . . I think. and the laptop I borrowed from you. . well. it was in the backseat of the car. That's all of the good new.
M: Uh, wait.
W:Dad. You're not saying anything.
M:Okay. Now, what's the bad news.
W:Well, I just found out that my old boyfriend was a member of a gang. He says that he and 20 of his friends are gonna come over here to talk to you about what you posted on their Facebook page.
M: I don't even know how to use Facebook!
W:Well, you do now. I have to go. I'd rather not be here in about 20 minutes. Love you. Bye.
M:Ugh! !
(Now listen again, please! )
Questions
（1）Where does this conversation take place
（2）What might have happened to the family car
（3）What can we know about the father's computer
（4）What was the man that the daughter might have been dating doing
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
17．问题：对话发生在哪里？根据对话内容，可推知父女可能在家中交谈，故选B。
18．问题：这辆家用汽车可能发生了什么事？根据"I wrecked my car. I mean. your car last week. It's at the bottom of the lake. . "我把我的车撞坏了。我是说。你的车上周在湖底。故选A。
19．问题：关于这位父亲的电脑，我们能知道些什么？根据" I mean. your car last week. It's at the bottom of the lake. . . I think. and the laptop I borrowed from you. . well. it was in the backseat of the car. That's all of the good new. "我的意思是，你上周的车。它在湖底…我想。还有我从你那里借的笔记本电脑。嗯。它在车的后座。这都是新的好东西。可推知除非放在防水容器里，否则电脑目前正处于严重的问题之中，故选C。
20．问题：女儿可能正在约的男士在做什么？根据" I just found out that my old boyfriend was a member of a gang. He says that he and 20 of his friends are gonna come over here to talk to you about what you posted on their Facebook page. "我刚发现我的老男友是一个帮派的成员。他说他和他的20个朋友会来这里和你谈谈你在他们的Facebook页面上发布的内容。故选B。
三、语法填空
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 语法填空
What to say to a rude person
As Lord Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily annoyed. A woman had picked up her phone and began a loud conversation, 　21． 　 would last an unbelievable hour. Angry, Winston began to take her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers on tweeter.
　22． 　 the train arrived at its destination, Winston got off and left quickly. But the press were waiting for the woman. When showed the Lord' s messages, she used one word to describe Winston' s actions: rude.
Winston' s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, 　23． 　 (fuel) by social media (and, often politics). What can we do to fix this
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely 　24． 　 we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, 　25． 　 (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way to end a conflict is to call it out, face to face. We must say, " Just stop. " For Winston, that would have meant 　26． 　 (approach) the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make a call at another time. (改天)
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us 　27． 　 (do) odd things. The acts of revenge people had taken 　28． 　 (range) from the ridiculous to the disturbing. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude 　29． 　 . Because once rude people can see their actions 　30． 　 the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that conflict themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility. (礼貌)
【答案】21．which；22．As soon as；23．fueled；24．that；25．less creative；26．approaching；27．to do；28．ranged；29．ourselves；30．through
【知识点】说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们应如何对待陌生人粗鲁行为。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，状语从句，非谓语动词，宾语从句，形容词，时态，代词，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
21．句意：一个女人拿起电话，开始大声交谈，持续了令人难以置信的一个小时。 would last an unbelievable hour是非限制性定语从句， 先行词a loud conversation，指物，在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
22．句意：火车一到目的地，温斯顿就下了车，飞快地走了。 the train arrived at its destination 是状语从句，as soon as"一……就……"，引导时间状语从句，符合语境，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As soon as。
23．句意：温斯顿的故事是我们这个时代越来越粗鲁的缩影，社交媒体(通常还有政治)助长了这个时代。逻辑主语Winston's tale与动词fuel在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作状语。故填fueled。
24．句意：仅仅是目睹别人的粗鲁行为，我们以后也会变得粗鲁无礼。主语+ make it +adj. + that+从句。句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故填that。
25．句意：一旦被感染，我们就会变得更有攻击性，更缺乏创造力，工作表现也会更差。连词and前后是形容词比较级形式。在结合句意。故填less creative。
26．句意：对温斯顿来说，这意味着走近那位女士，告诉她她的谈话让其他乘客感到沮丧，并礼貌地要求她说话声音小一些，或者另找时间打个电话。mean doing sth.固定短语，"意味着做某事"，故填approaching。
27．句意：我们对陌生人粗鲁行为的愤怒和不公正会驱使我们做一些奇怪的事情。drive sb to do固定短语，"驱使某人做某事"，故填to do。
28．句意：人们的报复行为从荒谬到令人不安。根据定语从句中的动词had taken可分析这是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填ranged。
29．句意：但是，我们可以优雅地处理它，不带任何攻击性，我们自己也不粗鲁。结合句意，这里用反身代词。主语是we，所以用ourselves。故填ourselves。
30．句意：因为一旦粗鲁的人可以通过别人的眼睛看到自己的行为，他们就更有可能自己结束冲突。名词the eyes of others前用介词。分析句意可知，这里是表达通过别人的眼睛看自己的行为，所以用介词through。故填through。
四、选词填空
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 选词填空
A. species B. labelled C. expanding D. informed E. underestimate F. sustainable G. brief H. rare I. involves J. valuable K. endangered
Eating Jellyfish Could Come to the Rescue
According to the IUCN Red List 32,000 species are threatened with extinction—everything from birds and mammals. Despite national and international efforts being gathered to protect 　31． 　 species, we actively fish for many of them. For those seafood lovers, the news is sad, but the researchers have come up with an unusual way we can help—and it 　32． 　 eating jellyfish.
Between 2006 and 2014,92 vulnerable or threatened 　33． 　 were being caught, recorded, and sold. When they are sold, it is 　34． 　 that fish and invertebrate (无脊椎的) species are required to be 　35． 　 according to species, so consumers have no way of knowing what they' re eating.
It is stressed that only a/an 　36． 　 view of the real problem is shown. " A lot of the ‘seafood records' are listed in groups like ‘marine fish' . Here we didn' t look at those vague records, we only looked at records where the actual species was listed — so we' ve made a huge 　37． 　 of the actual catch.
There are some ways to untie the mess we' re creating in the world' s oceans, including 　38． 　 our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. That might sound a little off the theme, but it' s not the first time scientists have suggested it as a food source.
There are other ways to help keep the lovely marine lives off the menu. " We need to improve the labelling of seafood so that consumers can have all the information to make a/an 　39． 　 choice," conservation scientist Carissa Klein told Science Alert.
And these choices, at least in some places, are easier than you might imagine. In Australia, where the researchers are based, there' s even official guides providing the 　40． 　 future both on your table and at sea.
【答案】31．K；32．I；33．A；34．H；35．B；36．G；37．E；38．C；39．D；40．F
【知识点】说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，根据世界自然保护联盟的红色名录，32000种物种面临灭绝的威胁，包括鸟类和哺乳动物。尽管各国和国际上都在努力保护濒危物种，但我们仍然捕捞其中的许多物种。文章主要说明了研究人员指出吃水母可以拯救濒危物种。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
31．句意：尽管各国和国际上都在努力保护濒危物种，但我们仍然积极捕捞其中的许多物种。根据上文"According to the IUCN Red List 32,000 species are threatened with extinction—everything from birds and mammals."根据世界自然保护联盟的红色名录，32000种物种面临灭绝的威胁，包括鸟类和哺乳动物；以及句意"濒危的"可知应用形容词endangered，作定语修饰species。故选K。
32．句意：对于那些海鲜爱好者来说，这是一个悲伤的消息，但研究人员已经想出了一种我们可以提供帮助的不同寻常的方式——这涉及到吃水母。根据空后"eating jellyfish"以及句意"涉及"可知应用动词involve，作谓语，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选I。
33．句意：2006年至2014年间，有92种脆弱或濒危物种被捕获、记录和出售。根据空后"were being caught, recorded, and sold"以及句意"物种"可知应用名词species，作主语。故选A。
34．句意：当它们被出售时，很少有鱼类和无脊椎动物被要求按照物种进行标签，所以消费者没有办法知道他们吃的是什么。根据空后"so consumers have no way of knowing what they're eating"以及句意"很少"可知应用形容词rare，作表语。故选H。
35．句意：当它们被出售时，很少有鱼类和无脊椎动物被要求按照物种进行标签，所以消费者没有办法知道他们吃的是什么。根据空后"according to species"以及句意"标签"可知应用动词label，此处为to be done形式。故选B。
36．句意：需要强调的是，这里只简要介绍了实际问题。根据空后"view of the real problem is shown"以及句意"简要的"可知应用形容词brief，作定语，故选G。
37．句意：在这里，我们没有看那些模糊的记录，我们只看实际物种被列出的记录——所以我们大大低估了实际捕获的数量。根据空前"we only looked at records where the actual species was listed — so we've made a huge"以及句意"低估"可知应用名词underestimate，作宾语。故选E。
38．句意：有一些方法可以解决我们在世界海洋中制造的混乱，包括将我们对海产品的概念扩展到包括水母。根据空后"our idea of seafood to include jellyfish"以及句意"扩展"可知应用动名词expanding，作宾语。故选C。
39．句意：保护科学家卡里萨·克莱因告诉《科学警报》："我们需要改进海产品的标签，以便消费者能够获得所有信息，做出明智的选择。"根据空前"We need to improve the labelling of seafood so that consumers can have all the information to make a/an"以及句意"明智的"可知应用形容词informed，作定语。故选D。
40．句意：在研究人员所在的澳大利亚，甚至有官方指南为你提供餐桌上和海上的可持续未来。根据空后"future both on your table and at sea"以及句意"可持续的"可知应用形容词sustainable，作定语。故选F。
五、完形填空
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 完形填空
The colourful chalkboards and baskets of fruit that greet customers at the entrances of Whole Foods Market' s shops paint a rosy picture. Yet shares in the American seller of organic and natural food have fallen by more than 40% since hitting a 41． last October, in a period when stock markets have been strong.
It is not that the retailer is in 42． crisis: its latest quarterly figures, on July 30th, showed sales and profits both up a bit. And it is not that people are 43． the idea of paying more for food produced without chemical fertilizers, pesticides or additives. The problem is that at Whole Foods, shoppers have been paying way over the cost of regular produce, and its success in getting them to do so has now attracted a lot of 44． , from rival organics chains like Sprouts and Trader Joe' s to mass-market retailers like Walmart and Costco. 45． the price premium (价格溢价) for organic produce is crashing down. On a recent shopping trip, a pound of organic apples cost 2. 99 at Whole Foods but just 1. 99 at Sprouts and even less at Costco.
The firm has been cutting costs to keep its margins up, but the slump (骤降) in its share price reflects investors' expectation that this cannot continue, that profits will 46． and that Whole Foods' 47． of the market is coming to an end.
That the company has had to recall a number of products — in late July it and other grocers recalled plums and peaches suspected of contamination with Listeria bacteria—has made it 48． to maintain an air of superiority over its competitors. Organic foods' claim to superiority is 49． anyway. Both Britain' s Food Standards Agency and the Annals of Internal Medicine, a journal, concluded after 50． the extensive studies on the issue that there is no substantial difference in the nutritiousness of organics and non-organics. In some respects organics may be bad for the environment, because growing them uses land less efficiently than non-organics.
As for " natural" foods, there is no official definition of this, in America at least; so the label, which Whole Foods also applies to many products, is close to 51． . Alan McHughen argues that the whole industry is " 99% marketing and public perception," reeling (迷惑) people in through a fabricated concept of a time when food, and life in general, was simple and 52． .
If true, the trick has worked nicely for Whole Foods. But its success has attracted so many imitators that it is losing its 53． . Even recent speculation about a takeover bid has failed to lift its 54． . It may insist its food is 55． . But it seems its prices are not.
41．A．crash B．deal C．peak D．blow
42．A．desperate B．immediate C．magnificent D．widespread
43．A．going off B．turning over
C．breaking away D．getting through
44．A．participant B．competitor C．contractor D．supervisors
45．A．What' s more B．As a result
C．On the contrary D．Instead
46．A．increase B．withdraw C．block D．suffer
47．A．guidance B．independence C．dominance D．Influence
48．A．harder B．bolder C．wiser D．worse
49．A．agreeable B．considerable C．comparable D．questionable
50．A．monitoring B．modifying C．rejecting D．reviewing
51．A．meaningle B．carele C．mindle D．thoughtless
52．A．unanswered B．unchecked C．unsettled D．unprocessed
53．A．priority B．property C．uniquene D．standard
54．A．price B．share C．brand D．market
55．A．comprehensive B．steady C．revolutionary D．sustainable
【答案】41．C；42．B；43．A；44．B；45．B；46．D；47．C；48．A；49．D；50．D；51．A；52．D；53．C；54．B；55．D
【知识点】社会现象类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了对美国有机和天然食品销售商Whole Foods股价下跌进行分析，究其原因是更多公司进入有机天然食品市场以及有机食物概念的模糊性导致它失去了优越性。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
41．句意：然而，这家美国有机和天然食品销售商的股价自去年10月达到峰值以来下跌了40%以上，当时股市一直很强劲。A. crash"崩溃"；B. deal"交易"；C. peak"峰值"；D. blow"打击"。根据空后"in a period when stock markets have been strong"可知，股票在达到顶峰后下降了40%。故选C。
42．句意：这并不是说这家零售商陷入了目前的危机：7月30日的最新季度数据显示，销售额和利润都略有上升。A. desperate"绝望的"；B. immediate"立即的，目前的"；C. magnificent"壮丽的"；D. widespread"广泛的"。根据下文"its latest quarterly figure "可知，这里是在描述现在的情况，所以"目前的危机"符合语境。故选B。
43．句意：而且，这并不是说人们正在为不使用化肥、杀虫剂或添加剂生产的食品支付更多的费用的想法失去了兴趣。A. going off"出发，对……失去兴趣"；B. turning over"翻身"；C. breaking away"挣脱"；D. getting through"通过"。根据语境可知，这里作者在分析股价下降原因，认为股价下跌也不是人们对有机食物失去了兴趣。故选A。
44．句意：问题是，在Whole Foods，购物者一直在为常规农产品的成本买单，而它成功地让他们买单，现在吸引了很多竞争对手，从Sprouts和Trader Joe's等竞争对手有机食品连锁店到沃尔玛和好市多等大众市场零售商。A. participants"参与者"；B. competitors"竞争对手"；C. contractors"承包商"；D. supervisors"主管"。根据空后"Sprouts and Trader Joe's"以及"Walmart and Costco"可知，这些都是Whole Foods的竞争对手，它们看到有机食物有市场，都想进来分一杯羹。故选B。
45．句意：因此，有机农产品的价格溢价正在下降。A. What's more"更重要的是"；B. As a result"因此"；C. On the contrary"相反"；D. Instead"代替"。根据空后"crashing down"可知，由于越来越多公司进入有机食物市场，"因此"，有机农产品的价格溢价会下降，所以前后两句是因果关系。故选B。
46．句意：该公司一直在削减成本以保持利润率，但其股价的暴跌反映了投资者的预期，即这种情况无法继续，利润将受到影响变差，而全食食品在市场上的主导地位即将结束。 A. increase"增加"；B. withdraw"撤回"；C. block"阻止"；D. suffer"遭受，变差"。根据空后"coming to an end"可知，该公司总体情况不是很好，利润也将变差。故选D。
47．句意：该公司一直在削减成本以保持利润率，但其股价的暴跌反映了投资者的预期，即这种情况无法继续，利润将受到影响变差，而全食食品在市场上的主导地位即将结束。A. guidance"指导"；B. independence"独立"；C. dominance"支配，统治"；D. influence"影响"。根据上文可知，由于很多其它的大公司进入市场，所以Whole Foods该市场的的"统治地位"将结束。故选C。
48．句意：该公司不得不在7月下旬召回一些产品，它和其他食品商召回了怀疑受李斯特菌污染的李子和桃子，这使得它很难保持比竞争对手的优势。A. harder"更难的"；B. bolder"更大胆的"；C. wiser"更聪明的"；D. worse"更糟的"。根据上文" recall a number of products"可知，由于产品质量问题，Whole Foods召回部分有问题产品，这会让它的声誉受损，"更难"维持它在竞争者中的领先优势。故选A。
49．句意：不管怎么说，有机食品声称的优越性是值得怀疑的。A. agreeable"令人愉快的"；B. considerable"可观的"；C. comparable"可比的"；D. questionable"可疑的"。根据空后"there is no substantial difference in the nutritiousness of organics and non-organics"可知，有机食品和非有机食品在营养方面没有什么差别，所以有机食物的优越性是值得"质疑的"。故选D。
50．句意：英国食品标准局（Food Standards Agency）和《内科年鉴》（the Annals of Internal Medicine）杂志在对这一问题的广泛研究进行回顾后得出结论，有机物和非有机物的营养成分没有实质性差异。A. monitoring"监控"；B. modifying"修改"；C. rejecting"拒绝"；D. reviewing"审核，回顾"。根据空前"concluded"可知，应该是在"回顾"广泛研究后才得出结论。故选D。
51．句意：至于"天然"食品，至少在美国没有官方定义；因此，Whole Foods也适用于许多产品的标签几乎毫无意义。A. meaningless"无意义的"；B. careless"粗心的"；C. mindless"无头脑的"；D. thoughtless"轻率的"。根据上文"there is no official definition of this"可知，官方没有给出天然食物的定义，所以这些天然食物的标签是"没有任何意义的"。故选A。
52．句意：艾伦·麦克休恩（Alan McHughen）认为，整个行业都是"99%的营销和公众感知"，通过一个虚构的概念让人们陷入困境，当时的食品和生活都很简单，而且不需要加工的。A. unanswered"未答复的"；B. unchecked"未检查的"；C. unsettled"未结算的"；D. unprocessed"未处理的"。根据语境可知，有机食物传递给公众的思想是越天然"未加工的"东西，越是好的值得推崇的东西。故选D。
53．句意：如果这是真的，那么这一技巧对全食食品很有效。但它的成功吸引了如此多的模仿者，以至于它正在失去它的独特性。A. priority"优先权"；B. property"财产"；C. uniqueness"唯一性"；D. standard"标准"。根据空前" many imitators "可知，很多人公司模仿它，所以它失去了"独特性"。故选C。
54．句意：就连最近关于收购要约的猜测也未能提振其股票。A. prices"价格"；B. shares"股票"；C. brand"品牌"；D. market"市场"。根据空前"Even"；以及上文" fallen by more than 40%"可知，甚至要约也没有提高它的"股价"。故选B。
55．句意：它可能会坚持自己的食物是可持续的。但它的价格似乎并非如此。A. comprehensive"全面的"；B. steady"稳定的"；C. revolutionary"革命性的"；D. sustainable"可持续的"。根据下文" its prices are not"以及结合选项可知，虽然公司坚持说它食物是"可持续的"，但它的价格却不可持续，股价一直在跌。故选D。
六、阅读理解
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 阅读理解
Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators in the lives of their children and shrug, " It' s their life," and feel nothing
When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches (缝线) in my son' s head. I asked, " When do you stop worry " The nurse said, " When they get out of the accident stage. " My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class. As if to read my mind, a teacher said. " Don' t worry, they all go through this stage and then you can sit back, relax and enjoy them. " My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open. A friend said, " They' re trying to find themselves. Don' t worry, in a few years, you can stop worrying. They' ll adults. " My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children, but there was a new wrinkle, there was nothing I could do about it. My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
I continued to suffer from their failures, and be absorbed in their disappointments. My friends said that when my kids got married, I could stop worrying and lead my own life. I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted by my mother' s warm smile and her occasional " You look pale. Are you all right Call me the minute you get home. Are you depressed about something " Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry
One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, " Where were you I' ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried. "
I smiled a warm smile.
56．The author intends to tell us in the passage that ____.
A．parents long for a period when they no longer worry about their children
B．there is no time when parents have no worry about their children
C．it' s parents' duty to worry about their children
D．parents don' t have to worry their children
57．The author mentioned her ages of twenties, thirties, forties and fifty in order to show ____.
A．the hard times she experienced in her life
B．the different stages of her children
C．she had been worrying about her children in her life
D．the support she received from her mother
58．What can we infer from the last sentence " I smiled a warm smile"
A．Finally the mother didn' t have to worry about her children.
B．The mother was pleased that her child began to worry about her, too.
C．At last the mother could live her own life without worry.
D．The mother felt satisfied that she had succeeded in turning her children into adults.
【答案】56．B
57．C
58．B
【知识点】推理判断题；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，以一名家长的视角阐述了一个道理：只要是家长都会关心和担心自己的孩子。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
56．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions "有没有一个神奇的截止期，让孩子们对自己的行为负责？；第二段中的"When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son's head."当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针；第三段中的"When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class."30多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂；第四段中的"When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open."在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着电话铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门打开；以及第五段中的"By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children"到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担心我的孩子们。可知，作者身为家长，在每个年龄段都会对孩子时时牵挂。故选B。
57．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son's head."当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针；第三段中的"When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class."30多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂；第四段中的"When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open."在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着电话铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门打开；以及第五段中的"By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children"到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担心我的孩子们。可知作者在提及各个年龄阶段，是为了说明无论孩子年龄多大，任何家长对子女的担心和关心都是始终如一的。"每个家长都会关心和担心自己的孩子"体现的本文的主旨。故选C。
58．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, ‘Where were you I've been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried.'"上个月，我的一个孩子打电话问我："你在哪里？"我打了三天电话，没人接，我是很担心的。可知，作者的孩子开始关心和担心作者了，作者觉到孩子们懂事了长大了，因此很开心。故选B。
（2022高一上·集宁期中）阅读理解
Do you get nervous
thinking about a coming math test If yes, you are
far from alone. Math anxiety has become a common condition among students
around the world. Students in countries with higher levels of math anxiety tend
to achieve lower math grades, according to a study published by the National
Academy of Sciences on Feb 15.
Math anxiety-a
negative emotional reaction to the core subject-causes fear, physical suffering
and behavior problems among young pupils, according to a University of
Cambridge study. Some people also experience physical symptoms such as sweaty
palms or a racing heart. They may then try to avoid every situation involving
numbers, meaning they are held back from pursuing careers related to this
subject, such as technology or engineering, according to The Guardian.
Relief comes from
the fact that those with math anxiety aren't destined (注定的) to be bad at math.
"If a child has math anxiety, don't assume that they're not good at math.
They may have had a really bad experience with math and there are ways to
improve math achievement," Daniel Ansari, the senior author of the study
told The London Free Press.
Also, there are
ways to manage your stress related to math. If you're feeling stressed before a
math exam, it may help to spend a few minutes exploring those feelings before
the exam begins. "It's about making sure you're interpreting your feelings
correctly, "Sian Beilock, a cognitive (认知的) scientist told
the BBC. "Just because you have a fast heartbeat and sweaty palms, that
does not necessarily mean you will fail."
Math doesn't come
easy, no matter how clever you are. Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian
artist, was a huge fan of mathematics. But his notebooks show that Da Vinci
couldn't do fractions (分数). He could never
grasp, for instance, that dividing a number by one-quarter is the same as
multiplying by four, resulting in a higher number than the original.
59．What do we know about math anxiety
A．People who are good at math don't experience math anxiety.
B．It is most commonly seen among teenagers.
C．It can cause unpleasant symptoms both mentally and physically.
D．Math anxiety leads to people struggling in their career.
60．What does Daniel Ansari's study imply
A．Math anxiety may contribute to better grades.
B．Students with math anxiety may have higher cognitive abilities.
C．Math anxiety does not reflect the ability to solve math problems.
D．Bad experience with math can cause cognitive disadvantages.
61．How should you deal with the stress related to math according to the article
A．Practice more before you take math exams.
B．Learn to understand your feelings.
C．Ask cognitive experts for help.
D．Take all nervous energy as a challenge.
62．Why is Leonardo da Vinci's story mentioned
A．To show that math definitely isn't easy.
B．To explain why math is a particularly difficult subject.
C．To show da Vinci's math anxiety is very serious.
D．To suggest a way to solve math anxiety.
【答案】59．C
60．C
61．B
62．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了数学焦虑以及缓解的方法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
59．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Math anxiety — a negative emotional reaction to the core subject — causes fear,physical suffering and behavior problems among young pupils,according to a University of Cambridge study. ”剑桥大学的一项研究表明，数学焦虑—一种对核心学科的负面情绪反应—会导致年轻学生的恐惧、身体痛苦和行为问题。可知，数学焦虑会在精神和身体上引起不愉快的症状，故选C。
60．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"If a child has math anxiety，don't assume that they're not good at math. They may have had a really bad experience with math and there are ways to improve math achievement，'Daniel Ansari,the senior author of the study told The London Free Press. ”"如果一个孩子有数学焦虑，不要认为他们不擅长数学。他们可能有过非常糟糕的数学经历，但有一些方法可以提高数学成绩"，该研究的资深作者Daniel Ansari在接受《伦敦自由出版社》采访时表示。可知，Daniel Ansari的研究表明，数学焦虑并不反映解决数学问题的能力，故选C。
61．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“If you're feeling stressed before a math exam,it may help to spend a few minutes exploring those feelings before the exam begins. ‘It's about making sure you're interpreting your feelings correctly,' Sian Beilock…”如果你在数学考试前感到有压力，在考试开始前花几分钟探究这些感觉可能会有帮助。"这是为了确保你正确地理解自己的感受"，Sian Beilock说。可知，如果你有关于数学的压力，你应该学会理解自己的感受，故选B。
62．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Math doesn't come easy,no matter how clever you are.”不管你有多聪明，数学都不容易学，接着文章举了达·芬奇的例子，达·芬奇是数学的狂热爱好者，但他不会做分数，以此来支撑上述观点，说明学习数学不容易。故选A。
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 阅读理解
Humans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate: whether nature or nurture (养育) shapes us more. A revolution in genetics has poised this as a modern political question about the character of our society: if personalities are hard-wired into our genes, what can governments do to help us It feels morally questionable, yet claims of genetic selection by intelligence are making headlines.
This is down to " hereditarian" (遗传论的) science and a recent paper claimed " differences in exam performance between pupils attending extraordinary and ordinary schools mirror the genetic differences between them" . With such an assertion, the work was predictably greeted by a lot of absurd claims about " genetics determining academic success" . What the research revealed was the rather less surprising result: the educational benefits of extraordinary schools largely disappear once pupils' inborn ability and socio-economic background were taken into account. That is to say, there' s nothing to support strongly either a hereditary or environmental argument.
Yet the paper does say children are " unintentionally genetically selected" by the school system. Central to hereditarian science is a tall claim: that identifiable variations in genetic sequences can predict an individual' s ability to learn, reason and solve problems. This is problematic on many levels. A teacher could not seriously tell a parent their child has a low genetic tendency to study when external factors clearly exist. Unlike-minded academics say the inheritability of human traits is scientifically unsound. At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence. Yet sophisticated statistics are used to create a frightening atmosphere of scientific certainty.
While there' s an undoubted genetic basis to individual difference, it is wrong to think that socially defined groups can be genetically accounted for. The fixation on genes as destiny is surely false too. Medical predictability can rarely be based on DNA alone; the environment matters too. Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes. If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy. Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, " the ultimate collective control of human destinies," as writer H. G. Wells put it. Knowledge becomes power and power requires a sense of responsibility. In understanding cognitive (认知的) ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more skeptical eye on the science. As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.
63．What did a recent research paper claim
A．The type of school students attend makes a difference to their future.
B．Genetic differences between students are far greater than supposed.
C．Students' academic performance is somewhat determined by their genes.
D．The advantages of extraordinary schools are too obvious to ignore.
64．What does the author say about the relationship between DNA and intelligence
A．It is one of scientific certainty.
B．It is not one of cause and effect.
C．It is subject to interpretation of statistics.
D．It is not fully examined by gene scientists.
65．What do hereditarians need to do to make their claims convincing
A．Take all relevant factors into account in interpreting their data.
B．Conduct their research using more sophisticated technology.
C．Gather gene data from people of all social classes.
D．Cooperate with social scientists in their research.
66．What does the author warn against in the passage
A．Losing sight of professional ethics in conducting research.
B．Misunderstanding the findings of human cognition research.
C．Promoting discrimination in the name of science.
D．Exaggerating the power of technology in shaping the world.
【答案】63．C
64．B
65．A
66．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过最近的一篇论文提醒大家，要以科学的视角来看待事物，不能以科学的名义鼓吹歧视。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
63．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"a recent paper claimed ‘differences in exam performance between pupils attending extraordinary and ordinary schools mirror the genetic differences between them'."最近的一篇论文称"就读于特殊学校和普通学校的学生在考试成绩上的差异，反映了他们之间的遗传差异"可知，这篇论文称：学生的学习成绩在某种程度上取决于他们的基因。故选C。
64．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence."充其量，DNA 和智力之间只有微弱的统计关联，而没有因果关系。可知，在作者看来，基因和智力之间没有因果关系。故选B。
65．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy."如果遗传学家想要推进他们的事业，就需要更加平衡的解释，而不仅仅是倡导行为。可知，遗传学家想要让他们的观点更加的让人信服，在解释他们的数据时就要考虑所有相关因素，有更加平衡的解释。故选A。
66．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"In understanding cognitive (认知的) ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more skeptical eye on the science."在理解认知能力方面，我们绝不能把歧视提升为一门科学：只允许人们在细胞可能暗示的范围内攀登生命的阶梯。这将需要一个更加怀疑的眼睛对科学。可知，作者反对的是以科学的名义鼓吹歧视。故选C。
七、任务型阅读
（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 任务型阅读
When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test, or even the ability to do well in school. 　67． 　 The true test of intelligence is not how much we know how to do，but how we behave when we don' t know what to do.
The intelligent person, young or old, meeting a new situation or problem, opens himself up to it. He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it. He thinks about it, instead of about himself or what it might cause to happen to him. If he fails to master it, he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence. 　68． 　 Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same thing as intelligence, only less of it. It is an entirely different style of behavior, out of entirely set of attitudes.
Years of watching and comparing bright children with the not-bright，or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, unite himself with it. 　69． 　 On the other hand, the dull child is far less curious, far less interested in what goes on and what is real. The bright child likes to experiment, to try things out. He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat. 　70． 　 The dull child is usually afraid to try at all, It takes a great deal of urging to get him to try even once；if that try fails, he is through.
A．Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life.
B．If he can' t do something one way, he' ll try another.
C．He takes it for granted that he is the most intelligent guy in the world.
D．He continues his pursuit until he finally succeeds.
E．By intelligence we mean a style of life, a way of behaving in various situations.
F．There is no wall between himself and life.
【答案】67．E；68．A；69．F；70．B
【知识点】七选五；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了我们所谓的智商并不是指能够在某种测试中获得高分或在学校成绩优秀。而是指一种生活或行为的方式，特别是当处在一种全新或混乱的情形下时，要想测试一个人的智商，就必须看他的行为而不是看他懂多少。
【点评】考查六选四，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
67．根据空前"When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test, or even the ability to do well in school." 并不是指能够在某种测试中获得高分或在学校成绩优秀，由mean可知，指一种生活或行为的方式，E．By intelligence we mean a style of life, a way of behaving in various situations. "我们所说的智慧是指一种生活方式，一种在各种情况下的行为方式。"符合语境，故选E。
68．根据空后"Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same thing as intelligence, only less of it."同样明显的是，非智力并不是大多数心理学家所认为的，与智力是一样的，只是更少。此空与其句式相似， A．Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life. "很明显，它的根源在于对生活的某种感觉。"符合语境，故选A。
69．根据空前"The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, unite himself with it. "聪明的孩子对生活和现实充满好奇，渴望与之接触，与之融为一体。此处it指代life，同时himself反复出现， F．There is no wall between himself and life. "他和生活之间没有墙。"符语境，故选F。
70．根据空前"He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat." 他的格言是:剥去猫皮的方法不止一种。可知，聪明的小孩会不断尝试别的方法，B．If he can' t do something one way, he' ll try another. "如果他不能用一种方法做某事，他会尝试另一种方法。"符合语境，故选B。
八、书面表达
71．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 概要写作
THE TEENAGE BRAIN
Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers knows how difficult the adolescent years can be. Adolescents have always been known to do wild — even dangerous — things. This was thought to be due to the foolishness of youth. Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.
Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly " grow up" . During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This " upgrade" was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses with the need to follow rules. However, a still-developing brain does this clumsily. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.
The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways. Fortunately, the news isn' t all negative. As brain scientist B．J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.
One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people.
Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize that our peers may one day control the world we live in. Because it is still developing, a teen brain can change to deal with new situations. It therefore connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life.
【答案】Traditionally teenagers' risk-taking behavior was attributed to silliness of adolescence, while new research suggests their brain, undergoing dramatic change and struggling between instinct and discipline, accounts for it. Meanwhile the teen brain also makes teenagers value rewards and new experiences more by producing more pleasure-generating chemicals. Additionally, it stimulates teens to extend social circle, which is believed to bring success.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍多亏了大脑成像技术，科学家们发现了青少年不可预测行为的原因。研究表明，大脑在25岁之前会继续生长，所以青少年仍在发育的大脑会让他们冒险。青少年的大脑衡量风险和回报的方式与成年人不同，这刺激他们建立更多的社会联系，为他们未来的成功铺平道路。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Traditionally teenagers' risk-taking behavior was attributed to silliness of adolescence，while new research suggests their brain, undergoing dramatic change and struggling between instinct and discipline, accounts for it. 运用了被动语态，对比并列句，宾语从句；Meanwhile the teen brain also makes teenagers value rewards and new experiences more by producing more pleasure-generating chemicals. 运用了动名词作介词宾语； Additionally, it stimulates teens to extend social circle, which is believed to bring success.运用了费限制性定语从句。
九、翻译
72．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 专家把大学生感到难以适应校园生活的这个现象归因于缺乏包容和相互理解。（owe）（汉译英）
【答案】The experts owed the phenomenon that the freshman who was new here felt it difficult to adapt himself to the campus life to the lack of tolerance and understanding.
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；同位语从句；汉译英；it的用法
【解析】【分析】语境表明陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，句子的主体结构为主谓宾，主语The experts；谓语owe...to"将……归因于"；phenomenon"现象"后接that引导的同位语从句，解释其具体内容，从句主语the freshman，后接who引导的定语从句，feel it difficult to do"感到难以做某事"，其中it作形式宾语，adapt oneself to sth"适应……"；the lack of tolerance and understanding"缺乏包容和相互理解"作主句的宾语，故答案为：The experts owed the phenomenon that the freshman who was new here felt it difficult to adapt himself to the campus life to the lack of tolerance and understanding.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时，形式宾语、同位语从句，定语从句以及固定短语owe...to和adapt oneself to sth.
73．（2018高二上·南沙期中）只有当你经历了真正的磨难后, 你才知道幸福的可贵。(only if)
【答案】Only if you experience real hardship will you be able to value happiness.
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】only if固定短语，“只有......才.....”，引导条件状语从句；“only+状语”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，因此答案为Only if you experience real hardship will you be able to value happiness.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及only if引导的条件状语从句的应用以及部分倒装。
74．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 谈判双方只关心各自利益，且对各自应承担的责任意见相左，至今未在该问题上达成共识。(result) (汉译英)
【答案】Both negotiating parties/sides only care about their own interests and hold different opinions on/about/of the duties they should take/bear/assume respectively, and as a result no agreement on this issue has been reached so far.
【知识点】动词的语态；固定短语；一般现在时；现在完成时；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；汉译英
【解析】【分析】分子句子结构，用and连接两个分句。第一个分句，主语为"谈判双方"翻译为Both negotiating parties/sides，谓语为并列的谓语，第一个谓语"关心"翻译为care about，宾语"各自利益"翻译为their own interests，第二个谓语"持有"翻译为hold，宾语"意见相左"翻译为different opinions on/about/of the duties，表示"各自应承担的"，使用定语从句修饰先行词the duties，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，也可以省略，描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时；第二个分句，"结果"，使用固定短语as a result，主语"没有在这件事情上的共识"翻译为no agreement on this issue，"到目前为止"翻译为so far，用现在完成时，谓语"达成"翻译为reach，"没有共识"和"达成"之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，agreement当"共识"讲时，是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故答案为Both negotiating parties/sides only care about their own interests and hold different opinions on/about/of the duties they should take/bear/assume respectively, and as a result no agreement on this issue has been reached so far.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，现在完成时的被动语态。定语从句以及固定短语care about和as a result和so far。
75．（2020高二上·上海期中）政府建议市民不开私家车，而是搭乘公共交通前往展览馆，这样在一定程度上可以减缓交通压力。(recommend) （汉译英）
【答案】The government recommends the citizens to take the public transport instead of driving their private cars to the exhibition hall, which to some degree can relieve/ease the traffic (pressure)/so that the traffic (pressure) can be relieved.
The government recommends that the citizens (should) take …
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示可知，本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“建议某人做某事”可表达为recommend sb. to do sth./ recommend that sb. should do sth.；“开私家车”表达为drive one's own cars；“搭乘公共交通”表达为take the public transport 。“这样在一定程度上可以减缓交通压力。”可以使用非限制性定语从句对上文进行补充说明，也可用结果状语从句来表示这个建议带来的影响；“缓解交通压力”relieve/ease the traffic (pressure)；“在一定程度上”to some degree。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：The government recommends the citizens to take the public transport instead of driving their private cars to the exhibition hall, which to some degree can relieve/ease the traffic (pressure)/so that the traffic (pressure) can be relieved. The government recommends that the citizens (should) take …
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时，宾语从句，定语从句，结果状语从句以及固定短语recommend sb. to do sth./ recommend that sb. should do sth；take the public transport和to some degree。
十、书面表达
76．（2023高三上·上海市开学考） 请你根据下面图片，以" Labor Education Counts" 为题写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
1. 你对图片的解读；
2. 你的一次劳动体验。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 短文题目已为你写好。
【答案】Labor Education Counts
As is shown in the picture, our nation impresses kids with the value of labor, encouraging them to apply their knowledge to real life and reap what they sow. Therefore, labor education should be an integral part of our life.
One of the most impressive practices of labor education for me was a spring field trip organized by our school, where the teachers taught us to build insect hotels. We first studied the living habits of insects and designed proper shelters for them, as if we were professional insect " by-sitters" . Then, we built environmentally-friendly hotels and placed them outdoors, using completely natural materials collected from the forests.
Although this trip appeared to be nothing but an educative activity, it turned out to be inspiring when we surprisingly found the hotels rally occupied by many insects afterward. This made me recognize that labor education counts and it is to the overall development of a teenager what water is to the growth of a tree.
【知识点】看图写话；提纲作文；图画式议论文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇图画作文，要求考生以 " Labor Education Counts" 为题，根据所给图片写一篇英语短文。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 你对图片的解读；2. 你的一次劳动体验。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：As is shown in the picture，our nation impresses kids with the value of labor, encouraging them to apply their knowledge to real life and reap what they sow. 运用了非限制性定语从句，现在分词作状语，宾语从句；One of the most impressive practices of labor education for me was a spring field trip organized by our school, where the teachers taught us to build insect hotels. 运用了非限制性定语从句；We first studied the living habits of insects and designed proper shelters for them, as if we were professional insect " by-sitters" . 运用了方式状语从句，虚拟语气；
Although this trip appeared to be nothing but an educative activity, it turned out to be inspiring when we surprisingly found the hotels rally occupied by many insects afterward. 运用了让步状语从句，时间状语从句；This made me recognize that labor education counts and it is to the overall development of a teenager what water is to the growth of a tree. 运用了省略to的不定式作宾补，宾语从句，并列句以及固定句式 it is to ... what ... is to ...。
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