辽宁省铁岭市2022届高三上学期开学考试英语试题

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辽宁省铁岭市2022届高三上学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 阅读理解
Our tiny boat was ploughing through (费力穿过) the waves across the Indian Ocean and I was absolutely freezing. The further we got from the shelter of the land, the more I thought how foolish I'd been to come along on this trip.
The pilot of the boat looked almost 60 but, perhaps because of a lifetime on the open sea in the hot sun, was very fit and strong. I was wondering how he managed to find his way. To me, it seemed difficult enough to navigate a boat without any electronic equipment even on a sunny day.
So at least we were safe. But this was not what we had come along for. A look at the other divers' faces suggested that now they were also doubtful that we'd ever get the chance to see a whale shark — these weather conditions were totally unsuitable for diving! None of us spoke. It seemed too much of an effort. Then suddenly the boatman stopped the engine. He said a few words in his own language to the diving instructor who immediately jumped up from his seat and told us to get ready to dive.
When I jumped into the grey sea, I was sure I wouldn't see anything. But then . . . there it was! An enormous whale shark, slowly swimming through the water. I couldn't believe my eyes — my first whale shark! I hardly dared breathe — I was afraid my streams of bubbles (气泡) might scare the huge creature away. And the other divers were equally awed. Slowly we approached this huge animal. It was swimming quite slowly and we were able to swim with it, looking at the beautiful markings on its back. I was still holding my breath, telling myself that this huge fish was harmless! Then I reached out and touched it, stroking (轻抚) its thick skin. It was amazing how this giant suddenly gained speed — we watched it as it swam away from us, and a few moments later it was gone.
1．While riding a tiny boat across the Indian Ocean, the author ____.
A．volunteered to act as a pilot
B．felt regret about his decision
C．enjoyed the beautiful sunshine
D．talked with other people happily
2．The author probably wanted to know how the boatman ____.
A．kept fit in his spare time B．spent his life on the boat
C．navigated his boat at sea D．communicated with others
3．What was the purpose of the author's trip
A．To see a whale shark. B．To learn how to dive.
C．To swim the Indian Ocean. D．To save underwater creatures.
4．How did the author feel after he jumped into the sea
A．Rather anxious and angry.
B．A little scared but excited.
C．Doubtful and disappointed.
D．A bit tired but later relaxed.
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 阅读理解
History tells us that footwear was one of the first things ancient people learned to make. Footwear helped them across rocky paths or hot sands without injuring themselves. The earliest footwear we know of was simply a piece of plaited (编织) grass or leather tied to the feet.
The ancient Egyptians seem to have invented the first footwear with a firm sole (鞋底) — sandals. Egyptian royalty usually wore sandals that had a different style from those with lower status (身份), while slaves were not allowed to wear anything on their feet. The sandal is still the basic form of footwear in many countries, particularly those with a hot climate, whereas in cold climates, an entirely different type of shoe appeared — the moccasin — a slipper-shaped shoe made of soft but strong leather.
The Greeks were the first to develop shoes with heels (鞋跟). Then, in the Middle Ages, shoes with long points at the toe became very chic for the nobility. These shoes were often very difficult to wear. Other trends followed, with square-toed shoes, wide shoes, and even shoes that could make a woman stand two feet taller. Not surprisingly, these sometimes led to accidents. Even today, fashion rather than comfort often leads to the kind of shoes women wear.
Mechanical shoemaking appeared in the 1800s in North America. Until then, shoes had been made with the same kinds of hand tools used by the ancient Egyptians. And in 1858, a machine was invented that could stitch (缝合) the sole of a shoe to the upper part. Now it was possible to make shoes that were shaped to fit either the left or right foot. Toward the end of the 1800s came a new type of shoe that was specifically designed for sports — the sneaker — and it soon become an all-time favorite.
5．What did shoes often show in ancient times
A．The rich resources. B．People's different beliefs.
C．People's status in society. D．The changeable climates.
6．What does the underlined word " chic" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Valuable. B．Convenient.
C．Fashionable. D．Comfortable.
7．Before mechanical shoemaking appeared, ____.
A．shoes were often very difficult for people to wear.
B．all the shoe patterns made by the Greeks were the same.
C．the only function of footwear was to protect people's feet.
D．people wore the same-shaped shoes on their two feet
8．How does the text mainly develop
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 阅读理解
The coffee giant Starbucks is once again a popular search on the internet, and there are people who think that coffee is now replacing tea as the most popular drink in China. But, is that really so
Starbucks opened its biggest café shop in the world in Shanghai this Wednesday. The coffee giant says this will not only give customers the usual great coffee, but also give them the full experience of how the magical coffee beans get roasted to become those wonderful drops that make up your favorite drinks. It is like the Willy Wonka factory for coffee lovers. The company is expanding aggressively, and opening a new store every 15 hours on average in China.
China has very rich and splendid tea culture. What seems like the most enjoyable thing is to drink a cup of tea on a quiet day that is full of "Zen" spirit. But the fast-pace of life sometimes doesn't allow that. So there are tea shop owners locating their shops in the downtown area in order to provide quick service for customers. Take Heytea for example. It's one of the most highly rated tea shops and it has now opened several new branches in the business areas of big cities like Beijing. Waiting in lines for longer than one hour is common. China's consumption of tea is immeasurable. According to a research of USC Institute, in China, the average person consumes 400 cups of tea per year.
So it is unlikely that coffee can replace tea as the country's main drink any time soon. The expanding coffee shops are not there to replace tea, but to provide people with another choice that they can use to enjoy life.
9．Which of the following statements is correct about Starbucks
A．The shop opened in Shanghai simply works as a drinking place.
B．Starbucks can only be seen in the downtown area of a city.
C．Starbucks holds a certain share of Chinese drinking market.
D．Starbucks supplies the world with the best-tasting coffee.
10．What can be concluded from the third paragraph
A．Tea culture is rooted in the hearts of Chinese citizens.
B．The enjoyment of tea drinking can only be experienced in a quiet place.
C．Tea consumption holds the largest share of world drinking market.
D．The fast pace of modern life makes tea drinking no longer pleasant in China.
11．What is the author' s attitude to coffee and tea in China
A．Tea may bring more pleasure to Chinese citizens' life.
B．Coffee will replace tea in Chinese drinking market.
C．Both coffee and tea will make people' s life enjoyable.
D．Coffee and tea gain the same popularity in China.
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 阅读理解
Children think other youngsters who wear glasses look smarter and are more honest than those who don't wear glasses, according to a U. S. study of 80 children. In addition, the researchers found that children seldom judge peers wearing glasses in terms of appearance.
The study included 42 girls and 38 boys, aged 6 to 10. Of those, 30 wore glasses, 34 had at least one classmate with glasses, and almost two-thirds had at least one parent who wore glasses. The study participants were shown 24 pairs of pictures of children. The children in each pair of pictures differed by gender and race, and each pair of pictures included one child with glasses and one child without glasses. The children were asked a series of questions about each pair of photos. About two-thirds said children wearing glasses looked smarter than those without glasses, and 57 percent said children wearing glasses looked more honest.
These findings may help comfort children as they're fitted for their first pair of glasses, lead author Jeffrey Walline, an assistant professor of optometry at Ohio State University, suggested in a prepared statement. "If the impression of looking smarter will appeal to a child, I would use that information and tell the child it is based on research. Most kids getting glasses for the first time are sensitive about how they're going to look. Some kids simply refuse to wear glasses, because they think they'll look ugly," Walline said.
12．What impression may a youngster wearing a pair of glasses leave on his classmate
A．Ugly. B．Easygoing. C．Dynamic. D．Intelligent.
13．Which of the following is correct about the participants of the study
A．Most of them wore glasses at an early age.
B．Most of them had one family member wearing glasses.
C．They observed children of different ages in each picture.
D．They were required to answer the same questions.
14．Why may the result of the study comfort the children first wearing glasses
A．Because the study is carried out in a scientific way.
B．Because it convinces them of the necessity of wearing glasses.
C．Because it may help remove all their initial worries.
D．Because the children do care about being smarter.
15．What is the best title of this article
A．Wearing Glasses, Smarter Looking.
B．Wearing Glasses, More Intelligent.
C．Concerns on Wearing Glasses.
D．Wearing Glasses, a New Trend.
二、任务型阅读
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考）任务型阅读
Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy
Psychologists (心理学家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study， researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related with happiness.
　16． 　. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn' t merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.
Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers-something they typically avoided. 　17． 　. None of the chatters reported being rejected.
Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at， made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas (服务员) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). 　18． 　One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not approached.
　19． 　. In one study, people who were rated " less curious" by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure (透露). But people who were considered " curious" needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. 　20． 　.
A. The same is true of gallery goers.
B. They found that small talk is related with happiness
C. But don' t play down small talk just yet.
D. Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.
E. A " curious mindset" ，the author concluded, can lead to " positive social interactions" .
F. Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.
G Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.
三、完形填空
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 完形填空
Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 21． , has caught the attention of the media, researchers, and parents around the globe. In the early 1990s, researchers from France and the US published articles that said 22． Mozart for 10 minutes temporarily 23． performance on IQ tests and challenging tasks.
24． , the media quickly began reporting on the " Mozart effect" .
In 1997, Don Campbell published a book about this 25． phenomenon. Campbell said that classical 26． could improve health and memory, prevent mental and physical disorders, and 27． stress and depression. He soon 28． with The Mozart Effect for Children, as well as CDs and products for parents of young children. Today, a wide selection of similar products is 29． , including Baby Mozart and Baby Bach, two bestselling DVDs in the popular Baby Einstein series. There are even music players specially 30． for expectant (预产期的) mothers to wear on their stomachs. 31． , babies can listen to classical music before they're even 32． .
33． , there is some doubt surrounding the " Mozart effect" . Parents 34． whether it is a proven reality or just a fad (潮流) designed to make money. Frances H. Rauscher, a psychologist and author of one of the original studies, is 35． . Much of the original 36． pointed to temporary improvements on specific tasks. She 37． these findings have been incorrectly described as a general increase in 38． . " I don't think it can hurt," Rauscher said. Yet she added that 39． may still want to think twice 40． spending a fortune trying to make a genius (天才) out of their baby.
21．A． scientist B． musicia C． adult D． babies
22．A． joining i B． dreaming of
C． talking about D． listening to
23．A． improved B． measured C． provided D． enjoyed
24．A． On the whole B． As a result
C． On the contrary D． In other words
25．A． commo B． natural C． interesting D． alarming
26．A． literature B． music C． world D． education
27．A． cause B． place C． reduce D． limit
28．A． bega B． dealt C． agreed D． followed
29．A． usele B． pricele
C． available D． changeable
30．A． tested B． designed C． searched D． collected
31．A． By the way B． In this way
C． On the way D． All the way
32．A． bor B． lost C． trained D． invited
33．A． Beside B． Therefore C． Instead D． However
34．A． check B． questio C． determine D． evaluate
35．A． real B． right C． normal D． doubtful
36．A． anxiety B． material C． research D． argument
37．A． cheer B． expect C． remember D． believes
38．A． cost B． health
C． disorder D． intelligence
39．A． teacher B． expert C． parent D． players
40．A． after B． unle C． before D． as
四、语法填空
语法填空
The polar bear
is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.
While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 　41． 　 they range all the way
across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure
out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　42． 　 (poor)
studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar
bears worldwide.
Modern methods
　43． 　 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,
and are expensive 　44． 　 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years
some Inuit people in Nunavut 　45． 　 (report) increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a 　46． 　 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists
have responded by 　47． 　 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 　48． 　 (high)
than they actually are. Of 　49． 　 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,
three are declining, six 　50． 　 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough
data.
五、书面表达
51．（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 假定你是高二学生李华，下周六3月23日晚6:00-8:00你校将在礼堂举办一场融合中西文化元素的音乐会。你的外籍老师Linda非常喜欢音乐，请你发一封email邀请她参加此次活动。内容包括以下要点：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 活动时间和地点；
3．活动内容和意义。
Dear Linda，
How are you doing recently
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．A
4．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者第一次看见鲸鱼的经历。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Our tiny boat was ploughing through (费力穿过) the waves across the Indian Ocean and I was absolutely freezing.The further we got from the shelter of the land, the more I thought how foolish I'd been to come along on this trip."我们的小船在印度洋上破浪前进，我简直要冻死了。我们离这片避风的土地越远，我就越觉得自己来这趟旅行是多么愚蠢。可推知，由于天气不好，作者对他出海看鲸鱼的决定感到后悔。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"I was wondering how he managed to find his way.To me, it seemed difficult enough to navigate a boat without any electronic equipment even on a sunny day."我想知道他是怎么找到路的。对我来说，即使是在阳光明媚的日子，没有任何电子设备的情况下驾驶一艘船似乎也很困难。可知，作者最想了解这位船夫是如何在海上辨别方向的。故选C。
3．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"A look at the other divers' faces suggested that now they were also doubtful that we'd ever get the chance to see a whale shark."看看其他潜水员的脸，他们也怀疑我们是否有机会看到鲸鱼——这种天气条件完全不适合潜水!；以及最后一段作者描述他下水看到鲸鱼的过程可知，作者此行的目的是看鲸鱼。故选A。
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"I couldn't believe my eyes — my first whale shark!" 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛——我看到的第一条鲸鱼!。可知，当看到鲸鱼这个庞然大物突然出现时，作者不敢相信自己的眼睛，有一点兴奋；以及最后一段中的"I was still holding my breath, telling myself that this huge fish was harmless!"我仍然屏住呼吸，告诉自己这条大鱼是无害的!。可知作者对这个庞然大物又有点害怕。可推知作者此时又兴奋又害怕。故选B。
【答案】5．C
6．A
7．D
8．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；社会历史类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了鞋的起源及鞋的发展历史。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇历史类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
5．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The ancient Egyptians seem to have invented the first footwear with a firm sole (鞋底) — sandals. Egyptian royalty usually wore sandals that had a different style from those with lower status (身份), while slaves were not allowed to wear anything on their feet. "古埃及人似乎已经发明了第一种鞋，有一个坚固的鞋底-凉鞋。埃及皇室通常穿着与那些较低身份的人不同风格的凉鞋，而奴隶则不允许穿任何东西。可推知，在古代，鞋表明不同的社会身份，故选C。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"These shoes were often very difficult to wear. Other trends followed, with square-toed shoes, wide shoes, and even shoes that could make a woman stand two feet taller. Not surprisingly, these sometimes led to accidents. "这些鞋通常很难穿。其他的流行趋势紧随其后，有方头鞋、宽头鞋，甚至还有能让女人站起来高两英尺的鞋。可推断，在中世纪，脚趾上有长尖的鞋子对贵族来说是一种流行趋势，是时髦的，划线词chic是"时髦的，时尚的"之意，与fashionable意思相近。故选C。
7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Mechanical shoemaking appeared in the 1800s in North America. Until then, shoes had been made with the same kinds of hand tools used by the ancient Egyptians. "机械制鞋业出现在19世纪的北美。在此之前，鞋子是用古埃及人使用的相同种类的手工工具制作的。可知，在机械制鞋业出现之前，人们穿着同样形状的鞋子。故选D。
8．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，先是古埃及发明第一种鞋，到中世纪尖头鞋开始流行再到19世纪北美出现机械制鞋业，可以推断出文章是按照时间顺序来发展的。故选C。
【答案】9．C
10．A
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在中国尽管咖啡很受人们欢迎，但是咖啡不可能代替茶作为中国的主要饮品，作者认为咖啡和茶都会使中国人们的生活愉快。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The coffee giant says this will not only give customers the usual great coffee, but also give them the full experience of how the magical coffee beans get roasted to become those wonderful drops that make up their favorite drinks. It is like the Willy Wonka factory for coffee lovers. The company is expanding aggressively, and opening a new store every 15 hours on average in China."这家咖啡巨头表示，这不仅能给顾客带来平常的好咖啡，还能让他们充分体验神奇的咖啡豆是如何被烘焙成美妙的水滴，从而成为他们最喜欢的饮品。它就像Willy Wonka咖啡爱好者工厂。该公司正在大举扩张，在中国平均每15小时就开一家新店。可知，星巴克在中国的饮品市场上占有相当的份额。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据第三段"China has very rich and splendid tea culture.What seems like the most enjoyable thing is to drink a cup of tea on a quiet day that is full of ‘Zen'spirit. But the fast-pace of life sometimes doesn't allow that. So there are tea shop owners locating their shops in the downtown area in order to provide quick service for customers. Take Heytea for example. It's one of the most highly rated tea shops and it has now opened several new branches in the business areas of big cities like Beijing. Waiting in lines for longer than one hour is common.China's consumption of tea is immeasurable. According to a research of USC Institute, in China, the average person consumes 400 cups of tea per year."中国有非常丰富和灿烂的茶文化。似乎最享受的事情是在一个安静的日子里喝一杯茶，充满"禅意"的精神。但是快节奏的生活有时不允许这样。因此，为了给顾客提供快捷的服务，有些茶馆老板把他们的店设在市中心。以喜茶为例。它是评价最高的茶馆之一，现在已经在北京等大城市的商业区开了几家新的分店。排一个小时以上的队是很常见的。中国的茶叶消费量是无法估量的。 根据USC研究所的一项研究，在中国，平均每人每年要喝400杯茶。可推知，茶文化植根于中国人民的心中。故选A。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"So it is unlikely that coffee can replace tea as the country's main drink any time soon. The expanding coffee shops are not there to replace tea, but to provide people with another choice that they can use to enjoy life."因此，在短期内，咖啡不太可能取代茶成为中国的主要饮料。不断扩大的咖啡店不是为了取代茶，而是为人们提供另一种享受生活的选择。可推知，作者认为咖啡和茶都会使中国人们的生活愉快。故选C。
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．A
15．A
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国一项针对80名儿童的研究显示，孩子们认为其他戴眼镜的孩子看起来比不戴眼镜的孩子更聪明、更诚实。同时介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现和影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Children think other youngsters who wear glasses look smarter and are more honest than those who don't wear glasses, according to a U.S. study of 80 children."美国一项针对80名儿童的研究显示，孩子们认为其他戴眼镜的孩子看起来比不戴眼镜的孩子更聪明、更诚实。可知，一个戴眼镜的年轻人会给他的同学留下聪明的印象。故选D。
13．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The study included 42 girls and 38 boys, aged 6 to 10.Of those, 30 wore glasses, 34 had at least one classmate with glasses, and almost two-thirds had at least one parent who wore glasses."这项研究包括42名女孩和38名男孩，年龄在6至10岁之间。 其中，30人戴眼镜，34人至少有一名同学戴眼镜，近三分之二的学生父母中至少有一人戴眼镜。可知，大多数参与者都有一个戴眼镜的家庭成员。故选B。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"These findings may help comfort children as they're fitted for their first pair of glasses, lead author Jeffrey Walline, an assistant professor of optometry at Ohio State University, suggested in a prepared statement. "研究报告的主要作者、俄亥俄州立大学验光学助理教授杰弗里·瓦林在一份书面声明中表示，这些发现可能有助于安慰孩子们，因为他们正在佩戴自己的第一副眼镜。可知，这项研究的结果可能会安慰先戴上眼镜的孩子们，是因为这项研究是以科学的方式进行的。故选A。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Children think other youngsters who wear glasses look smarter and are more honest than those who don't wear glasses, according to a U.S. study of 80 children."美国一项针对80名儿童的研究显示，孩子们认为其他戴眼镜的孩子看起来比不戴眼镜的孩子更聪明、更诚实；结合文章还介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现和影响。"戴眼镜，看起来更聪明"适合做文章的标题，故选A。
【答案】16．C；17．G；18．A；19．D；20．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不要把聊天贬的一钱不值，科学家认为聊天能促进感情。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related with happiness."在一项研究中，研究人员发现闲聊只占他们与快乐有关的谈话的10%；以及空后"Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding."科学家相信，闲聊可以促进联系。可知此空应该是一个表示转折的内容，C. But don't play down small talk just yet."但是仍然不要降低闲聊"符合语境。故选C。
17．根据空后"None of the chatters reported being rejected."没有一个聊天的人表示自己碰了钉子。G. Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey."那些被要求与他人聊天的人报告说旅途更愉快。"承接下文，符合语境。故选G。
18．根据空前"Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at， made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction."闲聊还能帮助我们感到与周边环境有关联。相对于买完东西就走的顾客，对星巴克的服务生微笑，与之有目光接触以及简单聊上几句的人表示自己更有归属感；以及空后"One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not approached."一个报告发现当志愿者打破美术馆的寂静与艺术爱好者聊天时，参观者会比没被搭讪的人更快乐，更有与展览相关联的感觉。 A. The same is true of gallery goers. "对美术爱好者来说这同样是真的。"承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
19．根据空后"In one study, people who were rated ‘less curious' by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure."在一项研究中，被研究人员评定为"缺少好奇心"的人很难使交谈自然而然地进行下去，在拿到鼓励披露个人的信息问题时更有望与他人建立亲近感。 D. Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. "当然，有些人比其他人更善于把闲聊变成更大的事情。"承接下文，符合语境， 故选D。
20．根据空前"But people who were considered ‘curious' needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges."但是被认为"有好奇心"的人不需要帮助就能把诸如最喜欢的节日之类的乏味话题转化为亲近交流。 E. A " curious mindset" ，the author concluded, can lead to " positive social interactions" . "作者得出结论认为‘好奇的心态'可以激发‘积极的社会交往'。"符合语境，故选E。
【答案】21．D；22．D；23．A；24．B；25．C；26．B；27．C；28．D；29．C；30．B；31．B；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．D；36．C；37．D；38．D；39．C；40．C
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对听古典乐能增进智力特别是婴儿的智力。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了全球媒体、研究人员和父母的注意。A.scientists"科学家"；B.musicians"音乐家"；C.adults"成年人"；D. babies "婴儿"。根据下文"Yet she added that 19 may still want to think twice 20 spending a fortune trying to make a genius (天才) out of their baby." 可知，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿。故选D。
22．句意：20世纪90年代初，来自法国和美国的研究人员发表了一些文章，称10分钟莫扎特音乐能暂时提高智商测试和挑战性任务的表现。A.joining in "加入"；B.dreaming of"梦想"；C.talking about "讨论"；D.listening to"听"。根据上文"Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 1 , has caught the attention of the media, researchers" 最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。可知此处指聆听十分钟莫扎特的音乐可以暂时提高智力，故选D。
23．句意：20世纪90年代初，来自法国和美国的研究人员发表了一些文章，称10分钟莫扎特音乐能暂时提高智商测试和挑战性任务的表现。A.improved"改进"；B.measured"测量"；C.provided"提供"；D.enjoyed"享受"。根据上文"listening to classical music can increase intelligence" 听古典音乐可以提高智力。可知此处指聆听十分钟莫扎特的音乐可以暂时提高智力。故选A。
24．句意：因此，媒体很快开始报道莫扎特效应。A.On the whole"总的来说"；B.As a result"因此"；C.On thecontrary"相反"；D.In other words"换句话说"。根据上文"In the early 1990s, researchers from France and the US published articles that said 2 Mozart for 10 minutes temporarily 3 performance on IQ tests and challenging tasks."20世纪90年代初，来自法国和美国的研究人员发表了一些文章，称10分钟莫扎特音乐能暂时提高智商测试和挑战性任务；以及空后"the media quickly began reporting on the ‘Mozart effect'" 媒体很快开始报道莫扎特效应，之间是因果关系，故选B。
25．句意：1997年，Don Campbell出版了一本关于这一有趣现象的书。A.common"常见的"；B.natural"自然的"；C.interesting"有趣的"；D.alarming"令人害怕的"。根据上文"Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 1 , has caught the attention of the media, researchers"最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。可知，此处的phenomenon指代上文"人们研究听音乐提高智力并对此争相报道"这一现象，再由Don Campbell在其书中指出听古典音乐的各种好处可知，他认为此现象有趣的。故选C。
26．句意：坎贝尔说，古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，预防精神和身体失调，减轻压力和抑郁。A.literature"文学"；B.music"音乐"；C.world"世界"；D.education "教育"。 根据上文"Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 1 , has caught the attention of the media, researchers"最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。Campbell 说古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，可知此处指的是听古典音乐，故选B。
27．句意：坎贝尔说，古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，预防精神和身体失调，减轻压力和抑郁。A.cause"导致"；B.place"放置"；C.reduce"减少"；D.limit"限制"。根据语境，预防精神和身体失调，减轻压力和抑郁。设空处和prevent相对应，此处指古典音乐的各种好处—-改善健康与记忆，对抗身心失调，减轻压力与抑郁。故选C。
28．句意：不久后，他又推出了《儿童莫扎特效应》，以及为儿童父母制作的CD和产品。A.began"开始"；B.dealt"处理"；C.agreed"同意"；D.followed"跟踪"。根据上文"In 1997, Don Campbell published a book"可知，1997年出版书籍后， Don Campbell很快又接着推出The Mozart EJfect for Children一书以及针对幼儿父母发行的CD和相关产品，故选D。
29．句意：今天，类似的产品有很多可供选择，包括《婴儿莫扎特》和《婴儿巴赫》，这两张畅销的dvd是《婴儿爱因斯坦》系列中的两张。A.useless"无用的"；B.priceless"无价的"；C.available"可用的"；D. changeable"多变的"，根据空后"including Baby Mozart and Baby Bach, two bestselling DVDs in the popular Baby Einstein series."中的 "bestselling"和"popular" 可知，如今有大量可提高婴儿智力的同性质音乐产品可供选用，故选C。
30．句意：甚至还有专门为孕妇设计的音乐播放器，可以戴在肚子上。A.tested"测试"；B.designed"设计"；C.searched"搜查"；D.collected" 收集"。根据空后" expectant (预产期的) mothers to wear on their stomachs "可以戴在肚子上，可知，还有特别为怀孕的准妈妈设计的音乐播放，故选B。
31．句意：这样，婴儿在出生前就能听古典音乐了。A.By the way"顺便说一下"；B.In this way"以这种方式"；C.On the way"在路上"；D.All the way"所有的方式"。此处指通过把音乐播放器放在准妈妈的肚子上，这种方式，让婴儿在出生前就听音乐，故选B。
32．句意：这样，婴儿在出生前就能听古典音乐了。A.born"出生"；B.lost"失去"；C.trained"训练"；D.invited"邀请"。根据上文" There are even music players specially 10 for expectant (预产期的) mothers to wear on their stomachs."甚至还有专门为孕妇设计的音乐播放器，可以戴在肚子上。此处指通过把音乐播放器放在准妈妈的肚子上这种方式让婴儿在出生前就听音乐，故选A。
33．句意：然而，在美国，人们对莫扎特效应有一些怀疑。A.Besides"除了.....还....."；B.Therefore"因此"；C.Instead"而不是"；D.However "然而"。根据上文"Campbell said that classical 6 could improve health and memory, prevent mental and physical disorders, and 7 stress and depression"坎贝尔说，古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，防止精神和身体失调，防止压力和抑郁上文是人们对"莫扎特效应"的推崇，而下文则指出一些人对此效应的怀疑，故选D。
34．句意：父母怀疑它是可靠的现实或者只是一种时尚用来赚钱。A.check"检查"；B.question"质疑"；C.determine"确定"；D.evaluate"评估"。根据上文"there is some doubt surrounding the‘Mozart effect'"人们对莫扎特效应有一些怀疑。可知，一些父母质疑特效应"。故选B。
35．句意：心理学家弗朗西斯·H·劳舍尔(Frances H.Rauscher)对此表示怀疑。A.real"真正的"；B.right"正确的"；C.normal"正常的"；D.doubtful"怀疑的"。根据上文的"some doubt"和下文的"incorrectly described as..."可知，最初研究莫扎特效应的心理学家Frances H. Rauscher 对此表不了怀疑。故选D。
36．句意：许多原始材料指出了对特定任务的临时改进。A.anxiety"焦虑"；B.material"材料"；C.research"研究"；D.argument"论点"。根据上文"the original studies"和下文的"these findings"可知，此处指对莫扎特效应最早的研究大多指向特定任务的短期成效，故选C。
37．句意：他认为这些发现被错误地描述为智力的普遍增长。A.cheers"欢呼"；B,expects"预计"；C. remembers"记得"；D.believes"相信"。由心理学家Frances H, Rauscher给出听古典乐的建议可知，她认为最早的研究被错误描述成能普遍提高智商。故选D。
38．句意：他认为这些发现被错误地描述为智力的普遍增长。A.costs"成本"；B.health"健康"；C.disorders"紊乱"；D.intelligence"智力"。根据上文"Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 1 , has caught the attention of the media, researchers"最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。原词重现，故选D。
39．句意：然而，她补充说，父母可能还是要三思而后行，花了财富试图让一个天才的婴儿。A.teachers "教师"；B.experts"专家"；C.parents"父母"；D.players" 球员"。根据下文"make a genius (天才) out of their baby"让他们的孩子成为天才。可知，心理学家 Frances H. Rauscher给父母提出建议。故选C。
40．句意：然而，她补充说，父母可能还是要三思而后行，花了财富试图让一个天才的婴儿。A.after "在…...之后"；B.unless"除非"；C.before"在…...之前"；D.as"作为"。根据空后"make a genius (天才) out of their baby"让他们的孩子成为天才，可知，心理学家 Frances H. Rauscher建议父母在砸钱创造天才孩子前要三思，故选C。
【答案】41．that；42．poorly；43．of/for；44．to perform；45．have reported；46．belief；47．noting；48．higher；49．the；50．are
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及同位语从句，副词，介词，非谓语动词，时态，名词，形容词，冠词，主谓一致以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：虽然它们在北纬88°很少见，但是有证据表明，它们的活动范围一直延伸到北极，南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。根据句子结构分析可知，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，从句不缺成分和意思，故填that。
42．句意：很难估计全球范围内的北极熊数量，因为大部分范围内的研究都很少。根据句意和分析结构可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词“has been studied”， poorly意为 “不好地”。故填poorly。
43．句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法仅仅从二十世纪80年代中期开始，在大范围内持续使用是很昂贵的。method of/for doing sth. 固定短语，“做……的方法”，故填of/for。
44．句意：追踪北极熊数量的现代方法从二十世纪八十年代中期才开始被使用，并且在如此大区域内持续使用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式做原因或目的状语。故填to perform。
45．句意：最近几年，努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说，看到熊在人们居住地周围的人数有所增加，导致人们相信数量正在增长。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语“In recent years”可知，主句用现在完成时，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，故填have reported。
46．句意：最近几年，努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说，看到熊在人们居住地周围的人数有所增加，导致人们相信数量正在增长。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。
47．句意：科学家们回应，注意到饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类住区附近，导致熊数量高于实际数量的错觉。根据其前介词“by”可知， 此处用动名词做宾语，故填noting。
48．句意：科学家们回应，注意到饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类住区附近，导致熊数量高于实际数量的错觉。根据其后“ than they actually are”可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
49．句意：. 十九个已知的北极熊亚群中，三个在下降，六个稳定，一个在上升，还有九个缺乏足够的数据。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的十九个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
50．考查时态和主谓一致。根据"three are
declining"可知此处要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填 are。
51．【答案】One possible version:
Dear Linda，
How are you doing recently Our school will hold a musical concert next week. I' m writing this letter to invite you to attend it , because I know you have great interest in music.
The concert will be held in our school hall from 6pm. to 8 pm. on March 23 next Saturday. During the concert, we can not only appreciate classical folk music of China and western countries, but some music originally composed by our students. And you will be impressed by the combination of Chinese folk music with western musical instruments.
I believe you will enjoy yourself then. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Lihua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以高二学生李华的身份发一封email邀请你的外籍老师Linda参加活动。写作背景：下周六3月23日晚6:00-8:00你校将在礼堂举办一场融合中西文化元素的音乐会。外籍老师Linda非常喜欢音乐。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 发出邀请；
2. 活动时间和地点；3．活动内容和意义。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I' m writing this letter to invite you to attend it , because I know you have great interest in music. 运用了原因状语从句，宾语从句； The concert will be held in our school hall from 6pm. to 8 pm. on March 23 next Saturday. 运用了被动语态； I believe you will enjoy yourself then.运用了宾语从句。
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辽宁省铁岭市2022届高三上学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 阅读理解
Our tiny boat was ploughing through (费力穿过) the waves across the Indian Ocean and I was absolutely freezing. The further we got from the shelter of the land, the more I thought how foolish I'd been to come along on this trip.
The pilot of the boat looked almost 60 but, perhaps because of a lifetime on the open sea in the hot sun, was very fit and strong. I was wondering how he managed to find his way. To me, it seemed difficult enough to navigate a boat without any electronic equipment even on a sunny day.
So at least we were safe. But this was not what we had come along for. A look at the other divers' faces suggested that now they were also doubtful that we'd ever get the chance to see a whale shark — these weather conditions were totally unsuitable for diving! None of us spoke. It seemed too much of an effort. Then suddenly the boatman stopped the engine. He said a few words in his own language to the diving instructor who immediately jumped up from his seat and told us to get ready to dive.
When I jumped into the grey sea, I was sure I wouldn't see anything. But then . . . there it was! An enormous whale shark, slowly swimming through the water. I couldn't believe my eyes — my first whale shark! I hardly dared breathe — I was afraid my streams of bubbles (气泡) might scare the huge creature away. And the other divers were equally awed. Slowly we approached this huge animal. It was swimming quite slowly and we were able to swim with it, looking at the beautiful markings on its back. I was still holding my breath, telling myself that this huge fish was harmless! Then I reached out and touched it, stroking (轻抚) its thick skin. It was amazing how this giant suddenly gained speed — we watched it as it swam away from us, and a few moments later it was gone.
1．While riding a tiny boat across the Indian Ocean, the author ____.
A．volunteered to act as a pilot
B．felt regret about his decision
C．enjoyed the beautiful sunshine
D．talked with other people happily
2．The author probably wanted to know how the boatman ____.
A．kept fit in his spare time B．spent his life on the boat
C．navigated his boat at sea D．communicated with others
3．What was the purpose of the author's trip
A．To see a whale shark. B．To learn how to dive.
C．To swim the Indian Ocean. D．To save underwater creatures.
4．How did the author feel after he jumped into the sea
A．Rather anxious and angry.
B．A little scared but excited.
C．Doubtful and disappointed.
D．A bit tired but later relaxed.
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．A
4．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者第一次看见鲸鱼的经历。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Our tiny boat was ploughing through (费力穿过) the waves across the Indian Ocean and I was absolutely freezing.The further we got from the shelter of the land, the more I thought how foolish I'd been to come along on this trip."我们的小船在印度洋上破浪前进，我简直要冻死了。我们离这片避风的土地越远，我就越觉得自己来这趟旅行是多么愚蠢。可推知，由于天气不好，作者对他出海看鲸鱼的决定感到后悔。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"I was wondering how he managed to find his way.To me, it seemed difficult enough to navigate a boat without any electronic equipment even on a sunny day."我想知道他是怎么找到路的。对我来说，即使是在阳光明媚的日子，没有任何电子设备的情况下驾驶一艘船似乎也很困难。可知，作者最想了解这位船夫是如何在海上辨别方向的。故选C。
3．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"A look at the other divers' faces suggested that now they were also doubtful that we'd ever get the chance to see a whale shark."看看其他潜水员的脸，他们也怀疑我们是否有机会看到鲸鱼——这种天气条件完全不适合潜水!；以及最后一段作者描述他下水看到鲸鱼的过程可知，作者此行的目的是看鲸鱼。故选A。
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"I couldn't believe my eyes — my first whale shark!" 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛——我看到的第一条鲸鱼!。可知，当看到鲸鱼这个庞然大物突然出现时，作者不敢相信自己的眼睛，有一点兴奋；以及最后一段中的"I was still holding my breath, telling myself that this huge fish was harmless!"我仍然屏住呼吸，告诉自己这条大鱼是无害的!。可知作者对这个庞然大物又有点害怕。可推知作者此时又兴奋又害怕。故选B。
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 阅读理解
History tells us that footwear was one of the first things ancient people learned to make. Footwear helped them across rocky paths or hot sands without injuring themselves. The earliest footwear we know of was simply a piece of plaited (编织) grass or leather tied to the feet.
The ancient Egyptians seem to have invented the first footwear with a firm sole (鞋底) — sandals. Egyptian royalty usually wore sandals that had a different style from those with lower status (身份), while slaves were not allowed to wear anything on their feet. The sandal is still the basic form of footwear in many countries, particularly those with a hot climate, whereas in cold climates, an entirely different type of shoe appeared — the moccasin — a slipper-shaped shoe made of soft but strong leather.
The Greeks were the first to develop shoes with heels (鞋跟). Then, in the Middle Ages, shoes with long points at the toe became very chic for the nobility. These shoes were often very difficult to wear. Other trends followed, with square-toed shoes, wide shoes, and even shoes that could make a woman stand two feet taller. Not surprisingly, these sometimes led to accidents. Even today, fashion rather than comfort often leads to the kind of shoes women wear.
Mechanical shoemaking appeared in the 1800s in North America. Until then, shoes had been made with the same kinds of hand tools used by the ancient Egyptians. And in 1858, a machine was invented that could stitch (缝合) the sole of a shoe to the upper part. Now it was possible to make shoes that were shaped to fit either the left or right foot. Toward the end of the 1800s came a new type of shoe that was specifically designed for sports — the sneaker — and it soon become an all-time favorite.
5．What did shoes often show in ancient times
A．The rich resources. B．People's different beliefs.
C．People's status in society. D．The changeable climates.
6．What does the underlined word " chic" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Valuable. B．Convenient.
C．Fashionable. D．Comfortable.
7．Before mechanical shoemaking appeared, ____.
A．shoes were often very difficult for people to wear.
B．all the shoe patterns made by the Greeks were the same.
C．the only function of footwear was to protect people's feet.
D．people wore the same-shaped shoes on their two feet
8．How does the text mainly develop
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
【答案】5．C
6．A
7．D
8．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；社会历史类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了鞋的起源及鞋的发展历史。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇历史类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
5．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The ancient Egyptians seem to have invented the first footwear with a firm sole (鞋底) — sandals. Egyptian royalty usually wore sandals that had a different style from those with lower status (身份), while slaves were not allowed to wear anything on their feet. "古埃及人似乎已经发明了第一种鞋，有一个坚固的鞋底-凉鞋。埃及皇室通常穿着与那些较低身份的人不同风格的凉鞋，而奴隶则不允许穿任何东西。可推知，在古代，鞋表明不同的社会身份，故选C。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"These shoes were often very difficult to wear. Other trends followed, with square-toed shoes, wide shoes, and even shoes that could make a woman stand two feet taller. Not surprisingly, these sometimes led to accidents. "这些鞋通常很难穿。其他的流行趋势紧随其后，有方头鞋、宽头鞋，甚至还有能让女人站起来高两英尺的鞋。可推断，在中世纪，脚趾上有长尖的鞋子对贵族来说是一种流行趋势，是时髦的，划线词chic是"时髦的，时尚的"之意，与fashionable意思相近。故选C。
7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Mechanical shoemaking appeared in the 1800s in North America. Until then, shoes had been made with the same kinds of hand tools used by the ancient Egyptians. "机械制鞋业出现在19世纪的北美。在此之前，鞋子是用古埃及人使用的相同种类的手工工具制作的。可知，在机械制鞋业出现之前，人们穿着同样形状的鞋子。故选D。
8．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，先是古埃及发明第一种鞋，到中世纪尖头鞋开始流行再到19世纪北美出现机械制鞋业，可以推断出文章是按照时间顺序来发展的。故选C。
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 阅读理解
The coffee giant Starbucks is once again a popular search on the internet, and there are people who think that coffee is now replacing tea as the most popular drink in China. But, is that really so
Starbucks opened its biggest café shop in the world in Shanghai this Wednesday. The coffee giant says this will not only give customers the usual great coffee, but also give them the full experience of how the magical coffee beans get roasted to become those wonderful drops that make up your favorite drinks. It is like the Willy Wonka factory for coffee lovers. The company is expanding aggressively, and opening a new store every 15 hours on average in China.
China has very rich and splendid tea culture. What seems like the most enjoyable thing is to drink a cup of tea on a quiet day that is full of "Zen" spirit. But the fast-pace of life sometimes doesn't allow that. So there are tea shop owners locating their shops in the downtown area in order to provide quick service for customers. Take Heytea for example. It's one of the most highly rated tea shops and it has now opened several new branches in the business areas of big cities like Beijing. Waiting in lines for longer than one hour is common. China's consumption of tea is immeasurable. According to a research of USC Institute, in China, the average person consumes 400 cups of tea per year.
So it is unlikely that coffee can replace tea as the country's main drink any time soon. The expanding coffee shops are not there to replace tea, but to provide people with another choice that they can use to enjoy life.
9．Which of the following statements is correct about Starbucks
A．The shop opened in Shanghai simply works as a drinking place.
B．Starbucks can only be seen in the downtown area of a city.
C．Starbucks holds a certain share of Chinese drinking market.
D．Starbucks supplies the world with the best-tasting coffee.
10．What can be concluded from the third paragraph
A．Tea culture is rooted in the hearts of Chinese citizens.
B．The enjoyment of tea drinking can only be experienced in a quiet place.
C．Tea consumption holds the largest share of world drinking market.
D．The fast pace of modern life makes tea drinking no longer pleasant in China.
11．What is the author' s attitude to coffee and tea in China
A．Tea may bring more pleasure to Chinese citizens' life.
B．Coffee will replace tea in Chinese drinking market.
C．Both coffee and tea will make people' s life enjoyable.
D．Coffee and tea gain the same popularity in China.
【答案】9．C
10．A
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在中国尽管咖啡很受人们欢迎，但是咖啡不可能代替茶作为中国的主要饮品，作者认为咖啡和茶都会使中国人们的生活愉快。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The coffee giant says this will not only give customers the usual great coffee, but also give them the full experience of how the magical coffee beans get roasted to become those wonderful drops that make up their favorite drinks. It is like the Willy Wonka factory for coffee lovers. The company is expanding aggressively, and opening a new store every 15 hours on average in China."这家咖啡巨头表示，这不仅能给顾客带来平常的好咖啡，还能让他们充分体验神奇的咖啡豆是如何被烘焙成美妙的水滴，从而成为他们最喜欢的饮品。它就像Willy Wonka咖啡爱好者工厂。该公司正在大举扩张，在中国平均每15小时就开一家新店。可知，星巴克在中国的饮品市场上占有相当的份额。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据第三段"China has very rich and splendid tea culture.What seems like the most enjoyable thing is to drink a cup of tea on a quiet day that is full of ‘Zen'spirit. But the fast-pace of life sometimes doesn't allow that. So there are tea shop owners locating their shops in the downtown area in order to provide quick service for customers. Take Heytea for example. It's one of the most highly rated tea shops and it has now opened several new branches in the business areas of big cities like Beijing. Waiting in lines for longer than one hour is common.China's consumption of tea is immeasurable. According to a research of USC Institute, in China, the average person consumes 400 cups of tea per year."中国有非常丰富和灿烂的茶文化。似乎最享受的事情是在一个安静的日子里喝一杯茶，充满"禅意"的精神。但是快节奏的生活有时不允许这样。因此，为了给顾客提供快捷的服务，有些茶馆老板把他们的店设在市中心。以喜茶为例。它是评价最高的茶馆之一，现在已经在北京等大城市的商业区开了几家新的分店。排一个小时以上的队是很常见的。中国的茶叶消费量是无法估量的。 根据USC研究所的一项研究，在中国，平均每人每年要喝400杯茶。可推知，茶文化植根于中国人民的心中。故选A。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"So it is unlikely that coffee can replace tea as the country's main drink any time soon. The expanding coffee shops are not there to replace tea, but to provide people with another choice that they can use to enjoy life."因此，在短期内，咖啡不太可能取代茶成为中国的主要饮料。不断扩大的咖啡店不是为了取代茶，而是为人们提供另一种享受生活的选择。可推知，作者认为咖啡和茶都会使中国人们的生活愉快。故选C。
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 阅读理解
Children think other youngsters who wear glasses look smarter and are more honest than those who don't wear glasses, according to a U. S. study of 80 children. In addition, the researchers found that children seldom judge peers wearing glasses in terms of appearance.
The study included 42 girls and 38 boys, aged 6 to 10. Of those, 30 wore glasses, 34 had at least one classmate with glasses, and almost two-thirds had at least one parent who wore glasses. The study participants were shown 24 pairs of pictures of children. The children in each pair of pictures differed by gender and race, and each pair of pictures included one child with glasses and one child without glasses. The children were asked a series of questions about each pair of photos. About two-thirds said children wearing glasses looked smarter than those without glasses, and 57 percent said children wearing glasses looked more honest.
These findings may help comfort children as they're fitted for their first pair of glasses, lead author Jeffrey Walline, an assistant professor of optometry at Ohio State University, suggested in a prepared statement. "If the impression of looking smarter will appeal to a child, I would use that information and tell the child it is based on research. Most kids getting glasses for the first time are sensitive about how they're going to look. Some kids simply refuse to wear glasses, because they think they'll look ugly," Walline said.
12．What impression may a youngster wearing a pair of glasses leave on his classmate
A．Ugly. B．Easygoing. C．Dynamic. D．Intelligent.
13．Which of the following is correct about the participants of the study
A．Most of them wore glasses at an early age.
B．Most of them had one family member wearing glasses.
C．They observed children of different ages in each picture.
D．They were required to answer the same questions.
14．Why may the result of the study comfort the children first wearing glasses
A．Because the study is carried out in a scientific way.
B．Because it convinces them of the necessity of wearing glasses.
C．Because it may help remove all their initial worries.
D．Because the children do care about being smarter.
15．What is the best title of this article
A．Wearing Glasses, Smarter Looking.
B．Wearing Glasses, More Intelligent.
C．Concerns on Wearing Glasses.
D．Wearing Glasses, a New Trend.
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．A
15．A
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国一项针对80名儿童的研究显示，孩子们认为其他戴眼镜的孩子看起来比不戴眼镜的孩子更聪明、更诚实。同时介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现和影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Children think other youngsters who wear glasses look smarter and are more honest than those who don't wear glasses, according to a U.S. study of 80 children."美国一项针对80名儿童的研究显示，孩子们认为其他戴眼镜的孩子看起来比不戴眼镜的孩子更聪明、更诚实。可知，一个戴眼镜的年轻人会给他的同学留下聪明的印象。故选D。
13．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The study included 42 girls and 38 boys, aged 6 to 10.Of those, 30 wore glasses, 34 had at least one classmate with glasses, and almost two-thirds had at least one parent who wore glasses."这项研究包括42名女孩和38名男孩，年龄在6至10岁之间。 其中，30人戴眼镜，34人至少有一名同学戴眼镜，近三分之二的学生父母中至少有一人戴眼镜。可知，大多数参与者都有一个戴眼镜的家庭成员。故选B。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"These findings may help comfort children as they're fitted for their first pair of glasses, lead author Jeffrey Walline, an assistant professor of optometry at Ohio State University, suggested in a prepared statement. "研究报告的主要作者、俄亥俄州立大学验光学助理教授杰弗里·瓦林在一份书面声明中表示，这些发现可能有助于安慰孩子们，因为他们正在佩戴自己的第一副眼镜。可知，这项研究的结果可能会安慰先戴上眼镜的孩子们，是因为这项研究是以科学的方式进行的。故选A。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Children think other youngsters who wear glasses look smarter and are more honest than those who don't wear glasses, according to a U.S. study of 80 children."美国一项针对80名儿童的研究显示，孩子们认为其他戴眼镜的孩子看起来比不戴眼镜的孩子更聪明、更诚实；结合文章还介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现和影响。"戴眼镜，看起来更聪明"适合做文章的标题，故选A。
二、任务型阅读
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考）任务型阅读
Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy
Psychologists (心理学家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study， researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related with happiness.
　16． 　. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn' t merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.
Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers-something they typically avoided. 　17． 　. None of the chatters reported being rejected.
Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at， made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas (服务员) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). 　18． 　One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not approached.
　19． 　. In one study, people who were rated " less curious" by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure (透露). But people who were considered " curious" needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. 　20． 　.
A. The same is true of gallery goers.
B. They found that small talk is related with happiness
C. But don' t play down small talk just yet.
D. Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.
E. A " curious mindset" ，the author concluded, can lead to " positive social interactions" .
F. Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.
G Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.
【答案】16．C；17．G；18．A；19．D；20．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不要把聊天贬的一钱不值，科学家认为聊天能促进感情。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related with happiness."在一项研究中，研究人员发现闲聊只占他们与快乐有关的谈话的10%；以及空后"Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding."科学家相信，闲聊可以促进联系。可知此空应该是一个表示转折的内容，C. But don't play down small talk just yet."但是仍然不要降低闲聊"符合语境。故选C。
17．根据空后"None of the chatters reported being rejected."没有一个聊天的人表示自己碰了钉子。G. Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey."那些被要求与他人聊天的人报告说旅途更愉快。"承接下文，符合语境。故选G。
18．根据空前"Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at， made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction."闲聊还能帮助我们感到与周边环境有关联。相对于买完东西就走的顾客，对星巴克的服务生微笑，与之有目光接触以及简单聊上几句的人表示自己更有归属感；以及空后"One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not approached."一个报告发现当志愿者打破美术馆的寂静与艺术爱好者聊天时，参观者会比没被搭讪的人更快乐，更有与展览相关联的感觉。 A. The same is true of gallery goers. "对美术爱好者来说这同样是真的。"承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
19．根据空后"In one study, people who were rated ‘less curious' by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure."在一项研究中，被研究人员评定为"缺少好奇心"的人很难使交谈自然而然地进行下去，在拿到鼓励披露个人的信息问题时更有望与他人建立亲近感。 D. Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. "当然，有些人比其他人更善于把闲聊变成更大的事情。"承接下文，符合语境， 故选D。
20．根据空前"But people who were considered ‘curious' needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges."但是被认为"有好奇心"的人不需要帮助就能把诸如最喜欢的节日之类的乏味话题转化为亲近交流。 E. A " curious mindset" ，the author concluded, can lead to " positive social interactions" . "作者得出结论认为‘好奇的心态'可以激发‘积极的社会交往'。"符合语境，故选E。
三、完形填空
（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 完形填空
Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 21． , has caught the attention of the media, researchers, and parents around the globe. In the early 1990s, researchers from France and the US published articles that said 22． Mozart for 10 minutes temporarily 23． performance on IQ tests and challenging tasks.
24． , the media quickly began reporting on the " Mozart effect" .
In 1997, Don Campbell published a book about this 25． phenomenon. Campbell said that classical 26． could improve health and memory, prevent mental and physical disorders, and 27． stress and depression. He soon 28． with The Mozart Effect for Children, as well as CDs and products for parents of young children. Today, a wide selection of similar products is 29． , including Baby Mozart and Baby Bach, two bestselling DVDs in the popular Baby Einstein series. There are even music players specially 30． for expectant (预产期的) mothers to wear on their stomachs. 31． , babies can listen to classical music before they're even 32． .
33． , there is some doubt surrounding the " Mozart effect" . Parents 34． whether it is a proven reality or just a fad (潮流) designed to make money. Frances H. Rauscher, a psychologist and author of one of the original studies, is 35． . Much of the original 36． pointed to temporary improvements on specific tasks. She 37． these findings have been incorrectly described as a general increase in 38． . " I don't think it can hurt," Rauscher said. Yet she added that 39． may still want to think twice 40． spending a fortune trying to make a genius (天才) out of their baby.
21．A． scientist B． musicia C． adult D． babies
22．A． joining i B． dreaming of
C． talking about D． listening to
23．A． improved B． measured C． provided D． enjoyed
24．A． On the whole B． As a result
C． On the contrary D． In other words
25．A． commo B． natural C． interesting D． alarming
26．A． literature B． music C． world D． education
27．A． cause B． place C． reduce D． limit
28．A． bega B． dealt C． agreed D． followed
29．A． usele B． pricele
C． available D． changeable
30．A． tested B． designed C． searched D． collected
31．A． By the way B． In this way
C． On the way D． All the way
32．A． bor B． lost C． trained D． invited
33．A． Beside B． Therefore C． Instead D． However
34．A． check B． questio C． determine D． evaluate
35．A． real B． right C． normal D． doubtful
36．A． anxiety B． material C． research D． argument
37．A． cheer B． expect C． remember D． believes
38．A． cost B． health
C． disorder D． intelligence
39．A． teacher B． expert C． parent D． players
40．A． after B． unle C． before D． as
【答案】21．D；22．D；23．A；24．B；25．C；26．B；27．C；28．D；29．C；30．B；31．B；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．D；36．C；37．D；38．D；39．C；40．C
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对听古典乐能增进智力特别是婴儿的智力。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了全球媒体、研究人员和父母的注意。A.scientists"科学家"；B.musicians"音乐家"；C.adults"成年人"；D. babies "婴儿"。根据下文"Yet she added that 19 may still want to think twice 20 spending a fortune trying to make a genius (天才) out of their baby." 可知，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿。故选D。
22．句意：20世纪90年代初，来自法国和美国的研究人员发表了一些文章，称10分钟莫扎特音乐能暂时提高智商测试和挑战性任务的表现。A.joining in "加入"；B.dreaming of"梦想"；C.talking about "讨论"；D.listening to"听"。根据上文"Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 1 , has caught the attention of the media, researchers" 最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。可知此处指聆听十分钟莫扎特的音乐可以暂时提高智力，故选D。
23．句意：20世纪90年代初，来自法国和美国的研究人员发表了一些文章，称10分钟莫扎特音乐能暂时提高智商测试和挑战性任务的表现。A.improved"改进"；B.measured"测量"；C.provided"提供"；D.enjoyed"享受"。根据上文"listening to classical music can increase intelligence" 听古典音乐可以提高智力。可知此处指聆听十分钟莫扎特的音乐可以暂时提高智力。故选A。
24．句意：因此，媒体很快开始报道莫扎特效应。A.On the whole"总的来说"；B.As a result"因此"；C.On thecontrary"相反"；D.In other words"换句话说"。根据上文"In the early 1990s, researchers from France and the US published articles that said 2 Mozart for 10 minutes temporarily 3 performance on IQ tests and challenging tasks."20世纪90年代初，来自法国和美国的研究人员发表了一些文章，称10分钟莫扎特音乐能暂时提高智商测试和挑战性任务；以及空后"the media quickly began reporting on the ‘Mozart effect'" 媒体很快开始报道莫扎特效应，之间是因果关系，故选B。
25．句意：1997年，Don Campbell出版了一本关于这一有趣现象的书。A.common"常见的"；B.natural"自然的"；C.interesting"有趣的"；D.alarming"令人害怕的"。根据上文"Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 1 , has caught the attention of the media, researchers"最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。可知，此处的phenomenon指代上文"人们研究听音乐提高智力并对此争相报道"这一现象，再由Don Campbell在其书中指出听古典音乐的各种好处可知，他认为此现象有趣的。故选C。
26．句意：坎贝尔说，古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，预防精神和身体失调，减轻压力和抑郁。A.literature"文学"；B.music"音乐"；C.world"世界"；D.education "教育"。 根据上文"Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 1 , has caught the attention of the media, researchers"最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。Campbell 说古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，可知此处指的是听古典音乐，故选B。
27．句意：坎贝尔说，古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，预防精神和身体失调，减轻压力和抑郁。A.cause"导致"；B.place"放置"；C.reduce"减少"；D.limit"限制"。根据语境，预防精神和身体失调，减轻压力和抑郁。设空处和prevent相对应，此处指古典音乐的各种好处—-改善健康与记忆，对抗身心失调，减轻压力与抑郁。故选C。
28．句意：不久后，他又推出了《儿童莫扎特效应》，以及为儿童父母制作的CD和产品。A.began"开始"；B.dealt"处理"；C.agreed"同意"；D.followed"跟踪"。根据上文"In 1997, Don Campbell published a book"可知，1997年出版书籍后， Don Campbell很快又接着推出The Mozart EJfect for Children一书以及针对幼儿父母发行的CD和相关产品，故选D。
29．句意：今天，类似的产品有很多可供选择，包括《婴儿莫扎特》和《婴儿巴赫》，这两张畅销的dvd是《婴儿爱因斯坦》系列中的两张。A.useless"无用的"；B.priceless"无价的"；C.available"可用的"；D. changeable"多变的"，根据空后"including Baby Mozart and Baby Bach, two bestselling DVDs in the popular Baby Einstein series."中的 "bestselling"和"popular" 可知，如今有大量可提高婴儿智力的同性质音乐产品可供选用，故选C。
30．句意：甚至还有专门为孕妇设计的音乐播放器，可以戴在肚子上。A.tested"测试"；B.designed"设计"；C.searched"搜查"；D.collected" 收集"。根据空后" expectant (预产期的) mothers to wear on their stomachs "可以戴在肚子上，可知，还有特别为怀孕的准妈妈设计的音乐播放，故选B。
31．句意：这样，婴儿在出生前就能听古典音乐了。A.By the way"顺便说一下"；B.In this way"以这种方式"；C.On the way"在路上"；D.All the way"所有的方式"。此处指通过把音乐播放器放在准妈妈的肚子上，这种方式，让婴儿在出生前就听音乐，故选B。
32．句意：这样，婴儿在出生前就能听古典音乐了。A.born"出生"；B.lost"失去"；C.trained"训练"；D.invited"邀请"。根据上文" There are even music players specially 10 for expectant (预产期的) mothers to wear on their stomachs."甚至还有专门为孕妇设计的音乐播放器，可以戴在肚子上。此处指通过把音乐播放器放在准妈妈的肚子上这种方式让婴儿在出生前就听音乐，故选A。
33．句意：然而，在美国，人们对莫扎特效应有一些怀疑。A.Besides"除了.....还....."；B.Therefore"因此"；C.Instead"而不是"；D.However "然而"。根据上文"Campbell said that classical 6 could improve health and memory, prevent mental and physical disorders, and 7 stress and depression"坎贝尔说，古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，防止精神和身体失调，防止压力和抑郁上文是人们对"莫扎特效应"的推崇，而下文则指出一些人对此效应的怀疑，故选D。
34．句意：父母怀疑它是可靠的现实或者只是一种时尚用来赚钱。A.check"检查"；B.question"质疑"；C.determine"确定"；D.evaluate"评估"。根据上文"there is some doubt surrounding the‘Mozart effect'"人们对莫扎特效应有一些怀疑。可知，一些父母质疑特效应"。故选B。
35．句意：心理学家弗朗西斯·H·劳舍尔(Frances H.Rauscher)对此表示怀疑。A.real"真正的"；B.right"正确的"；C.normal"正常的"；D.doubtful"怀疑的"。根据上文的"some doubt"和下文的"incorrectly described as..."可知，最初研究莫扎特效应的心理学家Frances H. Rauscher 对此表不了怀疑。故选D。
36．句意：许多原始材料指出了对特定任务的临时改进。A.anxiety"焦虑"；B.material"材料"；C.research"研究"；D.argument"论点"。根据上文"the original studies"和下文的"these findings"可知，此处指对莫扎特效应最早的研究大多指向特定任务的短期成效，故选C。
37．句意：他认为这些发现被错误地描述为智力的普遍增长。A.cheers"欢呼"；B,expects"预计"；C. remembers"记得"；D.believes"相信"。由心理学家Frances H, Rauscher给出听古典乐的建议可知，她认为最早的研究被错误描述成能普遍提高智商。故选D。
38．句意：他认为这些发现被错误地描述为智力的普遍增长。A.costs"成本"；B.health"健康"；C.disorders"紊乱"；D.intelligence"智力"。根据上文"Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in 1 , has caught the attention of the media, researchers"最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。原词重现，故选D。
39．句意：然而，她补充说，父母可能还是要三思而后行，花了财富试图让一个天才的婴儿。A.teachers "教师"；B.experts"专家"；C.parents"父母"；D.players" 球员"。根据下文"make a genius (天才) out of their baby"让他们的孩子成为天才。可知，心理学家 Frances H. Rauscher给父母提出建议。故选C。
40．句意：然而，她补充说，父母可能还是要三思而后行，花了财富试图让一个天才的婴儿。A.after "在…...之后"；B.unless"除非"；C.before"在…...之前"；D.as"作为"。根据空后"make a genius (天才) out of their baby"让他们的孩子成为天才，可知，心理学家 Frances H. Rauscher建议父母在砸钱创造天才孩子前要三思，故选C。
四、语法填空
语法填空
The polar bear
is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.
While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 　41． 　 they range all the way
across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure
out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　42． 　 (poor)
studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar
bears worldwide.
Modern methods
　43． 　 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,
and are expensive 　44． 　 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years
some Inuit people in Nunavut 　45． 　 (report) increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a 　46． 　 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists
have responded by 　47． 　 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 　48． 　 (high)
than they actually are. Of 　49． 　 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,
three are declining, six 　50． 　 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough
data.
【答案】41．that；42．poorly；43．of/for；44．to perform；45．have reported；46．belief；47．noting；48．higher；49．the；50．are
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及同位语从句，副词，介词，非谓语动词，时态，名词，形容词，冠词，主谓一致以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：虽然它们在北纬88°很少见，但是有证据表明，它们的活动范围一直延伸到北极，南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。根据句子结构分析可知，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，从句不缺成分和意思，故填that。
42．句意：很难估计全球范围内的北极熊数量，因为大部分范围内的研究都很少。根据句意和分析结构可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词“has been studied”， poorly意为 “不好地”。故填poorly。
43．句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法仅仅从二十世纪80年代中期开始，在大范围内持续使用是很昂贵的。method of/for doing sth. 固定短语，“做……的方法”，故填of/for。
44．句意：追踪北极熊数量的现代方法从二十世纪八十年代中期才开始被使用，并且在如此大区域内持续使用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式做原因或目的状语。故填to perform。
45．句意：最近几年，努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说，看到熊在人们居住地周围的人数有所增加，导致人们相信数量正在增长。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语“In recent years”可知，主句用现在完成时，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，故填have reported。
46．句意：最近几年，努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说，看到熊在人们居住地周围的人数有所增加，导致人们相信数量正在增长。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。
47．句意：科学家们回应，注意到饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类住区附近，导致熊数量高于实际数量的错觉。根据其前介词“by”可知， 此处用动名词做宾语，故填noting。
48．句意：科学家们回应，注意到饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类住区附近，导致熊数量高于实际数量的错觉。根据其后“ than they actually are”可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
49．句意：. 十九个已知的北极熊亚群中，三个在下降，六个稳定，一个在上升，还有九个缺乏足够的数据。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的十九个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
50．考查时态和主谓一致。根据"three are
declining"可知此处要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填 are。
五、书面表达
51．（2022高三上·铁岭开学考） 假定你是高二学生李华，下周六3月23日晚6:00-8:00你校将在礼堂举办一场融合中西文化元素的音乐会。你的外籍老师Linda非常喜欢音乐，请你发一封email邀请她参加此次活动。内容包括以下要点：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 活动时间和地点；
3．活动内容和意义。
Dear Linda，
How are you doing recently
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Linda，
How are you doing recently Our school will hold a musical concert next week. I' m writing this letter to invite you to attend it , because I know you have great interest in music.
The concert will be held in our school hall from 6pm. to 8 pm. on March 23 next Saturday. During the concert, we can not only appreciate classical folk music of China and western countries, but some music originally composed by our students. And you will be impressed by the combination of Chinese folk music with western musical instruments.
I believe you will enjoy yourself then. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Lihua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以高二学生李华的身份发一封email邀请你的外籍老师Linda参加活动。写作背景：下周六3月23日晚6:00-8:00你校将在礼堂举办一场融合中西文化元素的音乐会。外籍老师Linda非常喜欢音乐。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 发出邀请；
2. 活动时间和地点；3．活动内容和意义。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I' m writing this letter to invite you to attend it , because I know you have great interest in music. 运用了原因状语从句，宾语从句； The concert will be held in our school hall from 6pm. to 8 pm. on March 23 next Saturday. 运用了被动语态； I believe you will enjoy yourself then.运用了宾语从句。
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