2024届中考英语专项复习模块一词汇：6.介词 讲义（含答案）

介词
介词的分类（根据词义分类）
表示地点、方位的介词: above, below, behind, between, near, next to, under ...
表示方式的介词: by, in, with, through, like ...
表示时间的介词: about, at, after, before, during, past, to, until, til, since, in...
表示除外的介词: apart from, but, besides, except, except for...
表示其他词义的介词：because of, for, as result of, in place of, as for, despite...
介词短语
介词的宾语：介词不能独立作句子成分，它必须跟有介词的宾语。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。
Eg: They will leave at eight.
Because of the storm, we had to stay at the hotel.
They had nothing to do but to give up the plan.
He gave a lesson on how to improve English.
介词短语的句法作用
介词短语可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、状语、补足语和同位语。
Eg: From my home to my company is only ten minutes’ walk. （作主语）
We plan to spend between two and three months this year having a trip.（作宾语）
Don’t stand under a tree during a rainstorm.（作状语）
He worked as an engineer.（作补足语）
As a student, you should study hard.（作同位语）
Is this skirt on sale （作表语）
介词的用法
表示地点、方位的介词
across和through
across指从物体的表面穿过，越过；through指从物体的中间穿透，穿越
Eg: A rabbit ran through the forest.
A rabbit ran across the grassland.
at和in
(
over（正上方）
)at后接小地点（如：学校、图书馆、小村庄等）
in后接大地点（如: 城市， 国家等）
(
above（斜上方）
)Eg: He usually arrives at school first.
We arrived in France last night.
(
on（有接触面）
)above，on，under，below，over
Eg: We are flying above the clouds.
There is an eraser on the desk.
(
under（正下方）
) (
below（斜下方）
) A cat is under the bed.
The sun sank below the horizon.
There is a bridge over the river.
between和among
between指两者之间，among指三者或三者以上之中。
Eg: The police office is between the bank and the hospital.
Sarah is the best singer among these girls.
in front of和in the front of
In front of 指外部的前面，in the front of 指内部的前面
Eg: A tree is in front of our classroom.
The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.
表示方式的介词
by, with, in, on
表示方式时，by意为“通过，乘坐，使用”，表示使用某种方法或手段做某事，其后的名词常常不用冠词
Eg: I stay healthy by developing good living habits.
She went to school by bus.
The scarf are made by hand.
with意为“使用”，强调做某事使用的工具; 当with与表示情绪的名词连用，表示方式时，其后的名词常常不用冠词
Eg: The kid drew the picture with a crayon.
She treated the poor girl with kindness.
表示方式或所使用的东西时，in意为“使用”，其后的名词常常不用冠词
Eg: Please read the letter in Chinese.
My father asked me to write the paper in ink.
on意为“使用”媒介或交通工具，其后的名词要使用冠词或形容词性物主代词
Eg: My mother often talks with my aunt on the phone.
Lisa goes to work on her bike.
表示时间的介词
in, on, at
in作为时间介词时，后接表示世纪、年、月、季节、早、中、晚的名词或表示时间段的短语
Eg: I usually get up early in the morning.
His daughter was born in summer.
People celebrate Thanks giving Day in November.
There will be a concert in three days.
on作为时间介词时，后接表示具体某天或者某天的上午、下午等的名词短语
Eg: We are supposed to hand in the paper on the afternoon of June 10th.
Her son has music class on Monday.
at作为时间介词时，后接表示某一时刻或瞬间的名词或短语
Eg: Her husband arrived home at 11 p.m. last night.
The street lights go on at dusk.
for, since
“for+时间段”表示某动作持续“......之久”，与现在完成时态连用时，表示动作延续至今；与过去式连用时，表示一段已经结束了的时间；与将来时连用时，表示动作将要持续一段时间。
Eg: My sister has worked as a teacher for five years. （我姐姐至今做老师5年了。）
My sister worked as a teacher for five years.（我姐姐做过5年老师。）
My sister will work as a teacher for five years. （我姐姐将做5年老师。）
“since+（表示过去的）时间点”常与现在完成时态连用，表示“自从......”
Eg: I haven’t heard from him since last month.
Bill has written to me since four years ago.
表示除外的介词
but, except, except for, besides都意为“除......之外”，但用法各不相同
用法 例句
but 多与nobody, nothing, all,anything等连用 We can do nothing but wait.
except 排除的内容与主语是同一类 All the students are here except Tom.（表示Tom不在这）
except for 排除的内容与主语不是同一类 Your composition is excellent except for some mistakes.
besides 包含在内 We need six more cups besides these four. （表示总共要10个杯子）
介词的省略
表示时间的名词前有last, next, this, that, these等修饰语且其前没有冠词时，其前要省略 介词
Eg: We went to the movies this Saturday.
Most people are interested in the event these days.
表示时间的名词由some, one, all, every修饰时，必须省略介词
Eg: I’m going to travel around the world some day.
Jeremy gets up early every morning.
I have been trying to call you all afternoon.
表示时间的名词作副词时，其前要省略介词
Eg: Do you think he will arrive today
表示地点的名词如home, there, here, downstairs等用作副词时，其前要省略介词
Eg: Steven walks here everyday.
介词in的宾语是现在分词或动名词时，常常省略
Eg: We spent three months (in) finishing the job.
The students are busy (in) doing their homework.
Many people have difficulty (in) learning English.
常见的介词搭配关系
介词与名词的搭配
advice about difference in report on/about response to reply to answer to key to way to in danger in the morning in May at school at night by the way by the lake by bus with my hands with a pen
介词与动词的搭配
benefit from deal with cope with stop... from... protect...from talk with talk to get rid of make friends with communicate with pay attention to play a role/part in take care of take part in take pride in take the place of
介词与形容词的搭配
be angry about be angry with be good at be good for be famous for be famous as be different from be interested in be dependent on be friendly with be delighted at be strict with be anxious about
练习：
The Spring Festival this year will come___four days.
A. after B. for C. during D. in
-Who is your favourite singer
-Jay Zhou. He is very ____ boys and girls.
A. proud of B. popular with C. strict with D. worried about
Chinese people will celebrate the National Day ____October!
A. in B. on C. at D. to
-Is there a post office______ the zoo and the bank
-Yes, there is.
A. in B. among C. between D. through
-What do you think your life will be like ______ twenty years
-Yeah. I have thought about it _____ three years.
A. before; of B. after; in C. in; for D. for; for
That woman makes a living__selling books.
A without B. with C. by D. in
If you help others a lot, your life will be full_______ pleasure.
A.by B. of C. for D. with
-May, does your father get to work_____car
-No, he rides a bike. Sometimes he walks.
A. In B. on C. by D. for
Be careful when you go ______ the street.
A. over B. through C.to D. across
I’m____ building a new zoo because I think zoos are terrible places for animals to live in. A.against B. on C.in D. for
I can’t be successful ___ your great help. Thank you very much!
A. with B. without C.for D.to
It’s so cold, and it seems that he temperature will not rise ______zero tonight.
A. up B. down C.above D. below
Students shouldn't go to school______ breakfast. It's bad for their health.
A. with B. without C. for D. by
My grandpa worked as a pilot ______ fifteen years.
A. since B.for C. in D. during
The Smiths are praised ______ the way they bring up their children.
A.from B.by C. at D.for
His grandson was born_______ May, 2012.
A. at B.on C. in D.to
Hurry up! The bus will arrive______ two minutes.
A. at B. for C. by D. in
Don't play phone games ______ bed. It's bad _______ your eyes.
A. on;for B. in; to C. in;for D. at; to
I know that "look at" is different ________ “see”
A. from B. for C.between D. to
Lots of students are interested _______ playing computer games.
A. to B. for C. in D. with