2024年中考英语专项复习模块二 -句型 2.定语从句

定语从句
定义：
充当定语作用的从句，用于限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词、代词或整个句子。
先行词：
被定语从句修饰的对象称为先行词。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
先行词 所作成分
指人 指物 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
关系代词 that √ √ √ √ √
which √ √ √
who √ √ √
whom √ √
whose √ √ √
as √ √ √ √ √
关系副词 when day, year, date,time等时间名词 √
where place, city, Beijing等地点名词 √
why reason √
分类：
按定语从句与其先行词的关系，分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与其先行词的关系密切，其间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与其先行词的关系比较松散，其间要用逗号隔开。
关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。当关系代词作宾语时，通常可省略。
Eg: The man who/that is standing under the tree is our new English teacher.（作主语）
I bought this book (which/that) I thought was interesting.（作宾语）
The city is no longer the same as it was.（作表语）
Bill doesn’t like the house whose window is broken.（作定语）
关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因等。
Eg: I still remember the day when we met for the first time.
They booked the hotel where they stayed last summer holiday.
The teacher didn’t accept the reason why he was late again.
非限制性定语从句
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose;关系副词有when和where.
Eg: As we all know, water will turn into ice when the temperature is below zero.
My grandpa, who is over eighty, exercises every day.
Many people are used to staying up late, which is bad for their health.
Jimmy knew the boy, whom I talked with just now.
Frank visited a small farm, where his father worked twenty years ago.
关系代词和关系副词的选择
从句缺少成分，则选择关系代词
从句不缺成分，则选择关系副词
Eg: They talked about the city ________ the singer held a concert.
A.whose B.that C.where D./
解析：C. 从句不缺成分，因此需选择关系副词where.
They talked about the city ________ was famous as a trade center.
A.whose B.that C.where D./
解析：B. 从句缺少主语，因此需选择关系代词，且根据句意应选择that.
关系代词that和which用法辨析
that和which在定语从句中都可指物，且可作主语或宾语。一般情况下，that和which可互换使用，但在以下情况却不可互换。
用that不用which的情况：
当先行词既有指人，又有指物的名词时
Eg: Little Cindy is looking at the things and people that are around her.
They made a list of the movies and the actors that won prizes.
当先行词是some, any, all, none, everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时
Eg: You can borrow any book that you are interested in.
I want to buy all that I need.
当先行词是形容词最高级、序数词或被这类词修饰时
Eg: This is the biggest box that I can find.
当先行词被the same, the only, the very, the next, the last修饰时
Eg: The last person that gets here will be punished.
She was the only student that passed the exam.
当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
Eg: Who was the girl that waited for the bus with you
Which of the pens that are on the desk is yours
用which不用that的情况：
非限制性定语从句中
Eg: There is something wrong with the computer, which was bought by my father four years ago.
先行词是that时
Eg: What’s that which is next to my dictionary
在定语从句中作介词的宾语时
Eg: I forgot the date on which we met.
关系代词that和who用法辨析
that和who在定语从句中都可指人，且可作主语或宾语。一般情况下，that和who可互换使用，但在以下情况用who，不用that。
先行词是指人的不定代词（如：one, ones, anyone, nobody, everyone等）时
Eg: He was the one who broke the window.
Everyone who receives an invitation can come to the party.
先行词是指人的those
Eg: Those who are in trouble need some advice.
There be 结构中主语是指人的名词
Eg: There were two women who wanted to see you.
练习：
1. The cat____ played with your daughter just now is___.
A. which; mine B. which; my C. what; mine D. what; my
2. Everyone____has been to my hometown says it is a beautiful village.
A. why B. whose C. who D. which
3. This is the middle school_____I studied twelve years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
4. The man_____ makes a big difference in my life is my father.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
5. It's bad for health to hurry to move into a house____ has new furniture in it.
A. who B. where C. that D. what
6. Being disabled is something ______many people can't accept.
A. Who B. what C. that D. whom
7.-Do you know the one ______is helping the old man cross the road
-No. But how nice he is!
A. which B. who C. whom D.that
8. The house______Chairman Mao used to live is now a museum.
A.which B. that C. in which D. there
9. Yesterday Mango went to the town_____she was born.
A. when B. which C. where D. that
10. I'll never forget the lesson___ last year.
A. that I learn B. that I learned C. what I learn D. what I learned
11. I love the university ___I have studied in for four years.
A. where B. when C. that D. who
12. -What are you looking for
-I'm looking for the watch__I bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. whose D. when
13.-Look! That is the girl_____I met yesterday.
-She is my daughter.
A. what B. who C. where D. when
14. Please enter into the house ___door is white.
A. which B. its C. whose D. what
15.I still remember the college and the teachers____I visited in London years ago.
A. what B. who C. that D. which
16. Winter is the time of the year______the days are short and the nights are long.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
17. It is one of the most interesting movies_____ I have ever watched.
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
18. You can talk with anyone____ you think is friendly.
A. that B. whom C. which D. who
19. He doesn't know that rule__everybody knows.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
20. The novel _____ was written by Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in literature.
A. who B. that C. when D. what