2024年中考英语专项复习模块三-时态和语态：7.主谓一致

主谓一致
主谓一致的原则
语法一致原则
主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。
He is a famous singer.
The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins.
Life is full of the unexpected.
A sad movie makes me cry.
Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning.
意义一致原则
以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。
The class is more than fifty students.（class指班级）
Generally speaking, the disable need more help.
Someone is knocking at the door.
就近原则
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。
There is an apple and two pears on the table.
There are two pears and an apple on the table.
主谓一致的应用
谓语动词用单数
不可数名词作主语时
Water is very important for humans.
Knowledge is power.
Happiness lies first of all in health.
表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时
Eight hours of sleep is enough .
Thirty minutes was given to prepare for the lesson.
Ten kilometers is a long distance.
主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时
Each of the students has a dictionary.
Either is good enough for me.
Neither of the books is useful to him.
No man is born wise.
主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时
Anyone who arrives here first will get a present.
I think that something interesting is going to happen.
Everybody deserves a chance.
Nothing is more important than health.
主语为little, much或被much修饰时
Very little has been done about it.
Much of the time was wasted.
Much water is needed in this place.
主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时
Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall.
More than one chair is in the room.
One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl.
“one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时
One of these notebooks is mine.
The number of the members in the swimming club is 50.
学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时
Physics is not his strong point.
China is a developing country.
Treasure Island is the most interesting book I’ve read.
The United Nations was formed in 1945.
谓语动词用复数
主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时
Both of my sisters are teachers.
A few vegetables were left.
Several of the grapes are bad.
“the+形容词”表示一类人（如：the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等）作主语时
The young are full of energy.
“the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时
The Smiths were watching TV this time last night.
山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America.
只有复数概念的集体名词（people, police, cattle等）作主语时
These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends.
Police are hunting the criminal.
谓语动词的形式视情况而定
主语为某些集体名词（如：family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等）时
看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数
His family has moved into the new house.
The public was convinced of his innocence.
There was a big audience at the evening party.
看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数
The class are busy cleaning the classroom.
The audience were deeply moved by the plot.
My family are waiting for me.
主语为all, any, some, most, enough,half或由其所修饰时
主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数
All of the players want to win the game.
I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie.
Some of the women have long curly black hair.
主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
All of the work has been finished.
Most of the food tastes delicious.
Half of the land is covered by grass.
主语为“the rest of、the last of、 lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时，谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定
The rest of the food is eaten by him.
The rest of the students are staying at the classroom.
Two thirds of the members are girls.
More than fifty percent of the land was covered by snow.
主语为none时
表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数
She tried ten hats, but none were suited her.
None have arrived here yet.
表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
We need to buy some milk, because none is left.
None is as tall as Tom.
一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如：trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时
前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用 复数形式；
My glasses are broken.
His trousers have worn out.
The scissors aren’t sharp.
若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
A pair of pants is on his bed.
Three pairs of trousers are enough.
and连接并列主语时
并列主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数
Lily and Grace are good friends.
A singer and an actor were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday.
并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时，谓语动词用单数
A worker and engineer was giving a lecture from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon.
The singer and dancer is popular among the young people.
Bread and butter is his favorite food.
“there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。
There is a bank and two shops on this road.
There are two shops and a bank on this road.
由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。
Either he or I am going to attend the meeting on Friday.
Either I or he is going to attend the meeting on Friday.
主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致
My mother together with my brothers has seen the film.
I as well as my sister am good at English.
His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music.
非谓语动词作主语
单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数
Listening to music is a way too relax myself.
To save the endangered animals is what we need to do.
如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数
To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.
To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。
先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数
I want to know the man who is singing in the music room.
The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice.
“one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数
Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded.
Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded.
练习：
一、单项选择。
1. The photos ______ taken by my brother last week are very nice.
A. which were B. that is C. that was D. which was
2. One billion____a large number. You can make it______.
A. are; small B. is; smaller C. is; small D. are; smaller
3. Everyone except Mike and Linda________ there when the meeting began.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4. The number of the volunteers ______ 60 now. And a small number of them___ gone to the
workplace.
A. is; have B. are; have C. is; are D. is; has
5. ______ of the students in our class____ going to the summer camp in Shanghai next week.
A. Three fifths; are B. Third fifths; are C. Three fifths; is D. Third fifths; is
6.Doing exercise ______ good for your health.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
7. Not only my parents but also I____interested in ping-pong.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
8. We make it a rule that each of us __the bedroom one day a week.
A. clean B. cleans C. has cleaned D. have cleaned
9. This listening material, together with its CD ROMs,____ well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
10. In our school library there ______ a number of books on science, and in these years the number o them____ growing larger and larger.
A. are; is B. is;are C.have: are D. has; is
11.-Mum,_______ no fruit in the fridge.
-Oh, I'll go and buy some at once.
A. there is B. it is C. there are D. it was
12. The teacher with his students_______ the zoo if it_______tomorrow.
A. is going to; isn't rainy B. are going to; isn't rainy
C. is going to; won't rain D. are going to; doesn't rain
13. Maths__ my favorite subject.
A. are B. is C. am D. be
14. Half of the class___ most of the work. Some of the work__really difficult.
A. have done; is B. has done; are
C. has done; is D. have done; are
15. More than one student________read the novels,which _______ written by David.
A. has; was B. have; were C. has; were D. have; was
16. The sick and the wounded_______ sent home.
A. Is B. was C. has D. were