【中考夺分天天练】2015届中考英语（人教版）总复习 第二篇 语法精点击 专题1 　名词（共43张PPT）

课件43张PPT。专题1 　名词专题1 　名词┃考点直击 ┃【考纲解读】专题1 　名词1　名词分类 专题1 　名词[提示] (1)集体名词不与one连用，且其前不能加不定冠词。如：“一名警察”不可以译为a police，但可以译为a policeman/a policemen。
(2)名词的词义辨析包括语境辨析和近/同义词辨析两类。解答这类题目时，一是要运用生活经验、知识积累，根据上下文语境推测所要表达的意思；二是要正确掌握一些同义词或者近义词的用法及区别。专题1 　名词【典例1】 —What ________ do you have for Paul?
—I think he should study harder than before.
A．news B．advice
C．help D．information [解析] B　本题考查名词词义辨析。news意为“新闻”；advice意为“建议”；help意为“帮助”；information意为“信息”。根据答语“我认为他应该比以前更努力学习”可知上句表示“你有什么建议给保罗”。故选B。专题1 　名词【典例2】 Mr. Li regards Hefei as his second ________ because he has been here for over twenty years.
A．family B．House C．room D．home
[解析] D　family指“家，家庭”，强调家庭中的成员；house意为“房子，住宅”，强调房屋和居住点；room指“居住的房间”； home作“家”讲时，既指住处也含有对家的依恋之情，有“故乡”的意思。句意：李先生把合肥视为他的第二故乡，因为他已在这里生活了二十多年了。 故选D。专题1 　名词2　名词的数 (1)名词复数的规则变化专题1 　名词专题1 　名词 (2)名词复数的不规则变化专题1 　名词(3)不可数名词量化的表示法
不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示复数概念，常用“数词＋量词(复数)＋of＋不可数名词”结构。如：three pieces of music 三首曲子； two cups of water两杯水专题1 　名词[提示] ①名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。如：an apple tree 一棵苹果树；如果man, woman作其他名词的定语，表示复数意义时，man/woman和被修饰的名词都要用复数形式。如：two women doctors两名女医生
②“数词＋名词”作定语时，该名词用单数形式，并用连字符将数词和名词连接起来；表示时间、距离的定语还可以用名词的复数形式构成所有格。如：a ten days' holiday＝a ten－day holiday 一个10天的假期专题1 　名词【典例3】 Could you take ________ for these ________？ They are very beautiful.
A．any photos; tomatoes
B．some photos; tomatoes
C．some photos; tomatos
D．any photoes; tomatoes专题1 　名词[解析] B　句意：你能为这些西红柿拍一些照片吗？它们很漂亮。本题考查photo和tomato的复数形式，前者的复数形式直接在后面加－s；后者加－es。表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中用some, 故选B。专题1 　名词【典例4】 There are a lot of ________ in the hospital. They work very hard.
A．woman doctor B．women doctor
C．women doctors D．woman doctors
[解析] C　句意：这家医院里有许多女医生，她们工作很努力。woman修饰其他名词，表示复数意义时，两个词都要变为复数形式。故选C。专题1 　名词【典例5】 —Could I help you?
—I'd like to have 100 ________. I want my students to draw pictures on them.
A．piece of paper B．pieces of paper
C．pieces of papers D．piece of papers
[解析] B　paper为不可数名词，表示数量时，用“数词＋量词(复数形式)＋of＋不可数名词”结构。根据句意“我想要100张纸”可知选B。专题1 　名词3　名词所有格 专题1 　名词专题1 　名词【典例6】 This is not my dictionary. It's ________. She lent it to me this morning.
A．my sister B．my sisters
C．my sister's D．my sisters'
[解析] C　句意：这不是我的词典，它是我姐姐的，她今天早晨把它借给了我。表所属关系用名词所有格。根据主语she，可知选C。专题1 　名词【典例7】 This is ________ room. The twin sisters like it very much.
A．Lucy's and Lily's B．Lucy's and Lily
C．Lucy and Lily's D．Lucy and Lily
[解析] C 句意：这是莉莉与露西的房间。这对双胞胎姐妹很喜欢它。根据句意可知，用名词所有格。由room和it可知这间房子为两人所共有。故选C。专题1 　名词【典例8】 Mrs. Brown is an old friend of ________.
A．Jack mother B．Jack mother's
C．Jack's mother D．Jack's mother's
[解析] D　句意：布朗夫人是杰克的妈妈的一位老朋友。根据句意可知要使用双重所有格。故选D。 专题1 　名词┃考点过关┃Ⅰ.单项填空
(　　)1. 2014·安徽—More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.
—That's true. It has become the ________ of Anhui.
A．pride B．effort C．praise D．courageA根据句意可知，黄山是安徽的“骄傲”。专题1 　名词(　　)2. 2013·安徽—What is Miss Gao's favorite ________？
—She is always in pink. Don't you know?
A．color B．book
C．song D．movieA根据答语中的“in pink”可知，问句应该是询问高老师最喜欢的颜色。故选A。专题1 　名词(　　)3. 2013·合肥50中模拟—How can I get much ________ about the 2016 Rio Olympic Games?
—Why not search the Internet?
A．map B．picture
C．ticket D．information Dmuch修饰不可数名词，而A、B、C三项均为可数名词。故选D。专题1 　名词(　　)4. 2013·合肥包河区二模—The weather is getting worse.
—Yes, and it shows us that we should try to make the ________ better.
A．treatment B．development
C．environment D．government C根据上句“天气糟糕”可知，这里指的是使“环境”变好。专题1 　名词(　　)5.—What would you like, Madam?
—I'd like ________， please.
A．two bottles of orange B．two bottles of oranges
C．two bottle of oranges D．two bottle of orangeAorange作“橙汁”讲时，为不可数名词，表示数量时，用“数词＋量词(复数形式)＋of＋不可数名词”结构。专题1 　名词Ⅱ.单词拼写
根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。
1．2014·安徽We feel it is our d ________ (责任) to help each other.
2．2013·安徽I could hear her sweet v________ (嗓音) from the next room.utyoice专题1 　名词3．2013·安徽Would you please make a shopping l________ (清单) for the picnic?
4．2014·六安裕安区模拟Mr. Green gave us some k________ (小刀) to cut the apples.
5．2014·合肥38中二模Students should have a good h________ (习惯) of leaning English. istnivesabit专题1 　名词(　　)1. 2014·抚州—You look so young! How old are you?
—Aha! It's a________．
A．suggestion B．reason C．secret D．problem语法专练C问句询问年龄，在西方国家年龄被看作个人隐私，故选C。专题1 　名词(　　)2. 2014·沈阳—I am just going to the ________．Do you want anything?
—Yes, a bag of rice.
A．market B．classroom
C．library D．parkA根据答语中的“一袋米”可知应该是去“市场”。故选A。专题1 　名词(　　)3. 2014·河南—You may go to Milan for a free trip.
—It's a very kind ________， but I really can't accept it.
A．excuse B．offer
C．promise D．decisionB　　offer用作名词，意为“提议”。专题1 　名词(　　)4. 2014·泰安—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right. It's one of the ________ of my family.
A．plans B．jobs
C．programs D．rules D根据句意可知，起床早应该是“家规之一”。rule意为“规则”。专题1 　名词(　　)5. 2014·杭州I am tired. This is not the right ________ to ask me to go for a walk.
A．moment B．chance
C．place D．seasonA根据“我累了”可知，现在不是散步的一个好时刻。moment意为“时刻”。专题1 　名词(　　)6. 2014·湖州—Look at the clouds, so beautiful!
—Wow, so many different ________， horses, sheep, flowers…
A．sizes B．shapes
C．colors D．styles B　根据“马、绵羊、花等”可知，所缺单词表示云的“形状”。专题1 　名词(　　)7. 2014·德州—Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phone as a present, but I don't know how to use it.
—Why not read the ________ first before using it?
A．expressions B．applications
C．advertisements D．instructionsD不知道怎么用手机，应该读“说明书”。专题1 　名词(　　)8. 2014·聊城—Excuse me, is the museum far from here?
—No, it's about ________ .
A．5 minutes walk
B．5 minute walk
C．5 minutes' walk
D．5 minute's walkC专题1 　名词(　　)9. 2014·盐城The online shop sells ________ clothing at a very good price.
A．child and man's B．children and men's
C．children's and men D．children's and men'sD句意： 这家网店以很优惠的价格卖儿童和男士服装。由句意可知，表示各自所属的关系，所以应分别在每个名词后加's。故选D。专题1 　名词(　　)10. 2014·白银The boy didn't sleep well because of the ________ from the factory.
A．voice B．noise
C．music D．songB根据句意可知，男孩睡不好是因为工厂制造的“噪声”。专题1 　名词(　　)11. 2014·长沙改编—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?
—No, it's my ________. He left it there just now.
A．brother B．brother's
C．brothers' D．brothersB根据句意“是我哥哥的”可知表所属关系。由He可知选B。专题1 　名词(　　)12. 2014·扬州—What a good________ you've given me! Thanks a lot.
—My pleasure.
A．information B．news
C．suggestion D．adviceCa修饰单数可数名词，而A、B、D三项均为不可数名词。故选C。专题1 　名词(　　)13. 2014·安庆—模—Could you tell me the ________ why you were late this morning, Tom?
—I'm sorry that my alarm clock didn't go off.
A．reason B．excuse
C．problem D．matter Athe reason why…意为“……的原因”。专题1 　名词(　　)14.—Can I help you?
—I'd like________ for my twin daughters.
A．two pair shoes B．two pairs of shoe
C．two pair of shoe D．two pairs of shoesDpair, shoe都是可数名词，表示“两双鞋”两者都用复数形式。专题1 　名词(　　)15.—I plan to go out for a trip, but I'm afraid I don't know the________．
—A map is helpful, I think.
A．price B．stop
C．way D．timeC根据答语及句意可知，用地图是为了找“路”方便。专题1 　名词(　　)16. 2014·合肥寿春中学模拟Today, we have many other ________ to pay besides coins and paper money.
A．excuses B．ways
C．chances D．plansB根据句意可知，现在有很多付费的方法。way意为“方法”。