Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册课前导学
课前预习
1.severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2.once and for all 最终地；彻底地
3.infection n. 感染；传染
4.subscribe vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
5.suspect v. & n.
（1）vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
（2）n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
6.blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责
7.handle n. & vt.
（1）n. 把手；拉手；柄
（2）vt. 处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）
8.link n.联系；纽带
9.decrease
（1）n. 减少；降低；减少量
（2）vt. & vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
10. thanks to 幸亏；由于
11.transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变
二、自我检测
1．做这个实验是值得的，因为我从中学到了知识。
_________________because I learned knowledge from it.
2．在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
In my opinion, you had better ________ the expense of this trip.
3．生命是有限的，但学习是无限的。
Life is limited, but there is ________.
4．孩子们离家后许多父母都会有失落感。
Many parents feel________ ________ ________ ________when their children leave home.
5．我始终无法确定她所说的是否属实。
I was never able ________ she was telling the truth.
6．他作为国家政治中的一位核心人物的地位已经确立。
He has ________ a pivotal figure in state politics.
7．医学检测证实她不是他们的亲生孩子。
Medical tests ________ she was not their own child.
8．限制你的食物中脂肪的含量是有必要的。
It is necessary that the amount of fat in your food__________ __________.
9．例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。
For example, scientific research ships can help ______ ______ ______ such as climate change.
10．当处于危险时，我们应鼓励孩子们向警察求助。
Children should be encouraged to ______ ______ the policeman _______ help when in danger.
答案及解析
1．It’s worthwhile to do/doing this experiment
【详解】考查固定句式。表示“...是值得的”应用句式It's worthwhile to do/doing sth,表示“实验”应用experiment。故填It’s worthwhile to do/doing this experiment。
2．set a limit on
【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语set a limit on“设定一个限制”，had better后接动词原形。故填set a limit on。
3．no limit to learning
【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定句型There is no limit to diong sth.“做事情没有极限”，“学习”使用learn。故填no limit to learning。
4． a sense of loss
【详解】考查固定短语、名词。表示“一种……的感觉”用固定短语a sense of；表示“失落”用loss；故填①a②sense③of④loss。
5．to establish whether/if
【详解】考查固定搭配和宾语从句。分析句子且根据句意可知，空处应填to establish whether/if，表示“确定是否”，其中be able to do为固定搭配，表示“能够做”，whether/if引导的宾语从句，作动词establish（确定）的宾语。故填to establish whether/if。
6．established himself as
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。establish sb/oneself as...意为“确立……作为……的地位”符合句意。根据句意和前文的He has可知此句为现在完成时，所以此处应填过去分词。故填established himself as。
7．established that
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句引导词。结合中英文句子，“证实”可用动词establish表达，为主句谓语动词，根据下文was判断用一般过去时，其后是宾语从句；从句“she was not their own child”成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that引导。故填established that。
8． (should) be limited
【详解】考查虚拟语气。It is necessary that...……是有必要的，that 引导的主语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，其中的should可以省略。从句中主语the amount of fat in your food与limit之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填(should) be limited。
9． address important issues
【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示。表示“帮助某人做某事”应该用help sb do sth，设空处应该使用动词短语；表示“应对”可用address；表示“重要问题”可用 important issues，作宾语。故填address important issues。
10．turn to, for
【详解】考查固定搭配。表示“向某人求助”应用turn to sb.for help，结合译文给出部分应填turn to；for。不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填turn to；for。
2Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Using Language—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册课前导学
课前预习
1._____ n.机械师; 机械修理工→_____ adj.机械的; 发动机的; 机器的
2._____ vt.保卫; 防守; 辩解→_____ n.防御; 保护; 保卫
3._____ v.帮助; 协助; 援助→_____ n.帮助; 援助→_____ n.助理; 助手
4._____ adj.生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的→_____ adv.生动地; 清晰地
5._____ adj.有天赋的; 有天才的; 天资聪慧的→_____ n.天赋; 才能
6._____ n.天文学家→_____ n.天文学
二、自我检测
1.John called his _____ (assist), Mary, and asked her to take over the task while he was out.
2.He was one of the most _____(gift) players in the world.
3.His appreciation for art gave him _____(inspire) in his scientific research.
4.In the 1960s, while _____(study) the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob became puzzled about something.
5.If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there _____(assist) them.
6.Nowadays the priority for travelling _____(shift) from shopping to food and scenery.
7.China's image is improving _____(steady), with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.
8.The provincial government offers many programs _____(help) students find some jobs.
9._____(follow) by a wedding photographer, the couple made a surprise visit to the hospital before heading to the reception.
10.What is on display is one of the oldest working _____(mechanic) clocks in the world.
答案及解析
一、
1.mechanic; mechanical
2.defend; defence/defense
3.assist; assistance; assistant
4.vivid; vividly
5.gifted; gift
6.astronomer; astronomy
二、
1.答案：assistant
解析：句意:约翰打电话给他的助理玛丽并让她在他外出时接管那项任务。assist v.帮助; assistant n.助手。
2.答案：gifted
解析：句意: 他是世界上最有天赋的运动员之一。此处应用形容词, 故填gifted。
3.答案：inspiration
解析：句意: 他的艺术鉴赏力在科学研究方面给予他灵感。此处需要名词作gave的直接宾语, 所以用inspiration。
4.答案：studying
解析：句意: 在20世纪60年代, 当Bob在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时, 他对某事感到困惑。此处为状语从句的省略, 省略了和主句相同的主语和be动词, 即Bob was。
5.答案：to assist
解析：句意: 如果他们注册有问题, Wilson会帮助他们。分析句子结构可知, is是主句的谓语动词, 设空处应填非谓语动词。根据句意可知应用不定式表示目的, 故填to assist。
6.答案：is shifted
解析：句意: 现在旅行中优先考虑的事已从购物转变为食物和风景。说的是现在的情况, 应用一般现在时; 主语the priority和shift为被动关系, 故使用一般现在时的被动语态。
7.答案：steadily
解析：句意: 随着更多的国家认识到它(中国)在国际事务中的作用, 中国的形象正在稳步提升。副词steadily作状语修饰is improving。
8.答案：to help
解析：句意: 省政府提供了很多项目来帮助学生就业。to help在句中作目的状语。
9.答案：Followed
解析：句意: 在一名婚礼摄影师的跟随下, 这对夫妇在前往婚宴前突然去了医院。分析句子结构可知, 逗号前是状语, the couple与follow构成被动关系, 故用过去分词作状语。
10.答案：mechanical
解析：句意: 正在展出的是世界上最古老的还可以使用的机械钟之一。空缺处和前面的the oldest及working共同作定语修饰clocks, 所以需要形容词形式。mechanical"机械的"。
2Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Learning about Language—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册课前导学
课前预习
名词性从句——表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在连系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等。
1.连接词
类别 连接词 例句
从属连词 that不作句子成分，也没有意义，通常不可省略 My suggestion is that you should have patience. 我的建 议是你应该有耐心。
whether 不作句子成分，但有“是否”的意义，一般不用if代替 The question is whether we can cut down the costs of the product. 问题是我们能否降低产品成本。
because, as if/through等 He has to watch his weight. That is because he has heart disease.他不得不注意自己的体重，那是因为他有心脏病。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来 好像有人在敲门。
连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 The problem is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。 This is just what we are always looking forward to. 这正是我们一直盼望着的。
连接副词 when, where, why, how等。在从句中作状语 That is where he was born and brought up. 那就是他出生和被养大的地方。 Their difficulty is how they can clear their debts. 他们的困难是怎样才能还清债务。
2. 需要注意的问题
①as if/though 引导的表语从句的语气
as if/though 引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, appear, sound, feel 等后。
若表述真实的情况，就用陈述语气；若表述与客观事实相反的假设，则用虚拟语气。
It seems as if he benefits a lot from the project.
看起来好像他从这个项目中获益不少。 (陈述语气）
It looks as if/though he were drunk.
他看上去好像喝醉了。 (虚拟语气）
②表语从句的特殊句式
（The reason why. . .is that. . . ……的原因是····· (why引导定语从句，修饰 the reason, that引导表语从句）
This/That/It is because . . . 这／那是因为······ (because引导表语从句，从句表原因）
This/That/It is why . . . 这／那就是······的原因。 (why引导表语从句，从句表结果）
The reason why he didn't come is that he didn't receive the invitation.
他没来的原因是他没有收到请柬。
The woman was weeping bitterly. That's because her son was drowned in a river.
那位女士痛哭流涕，那是因为她的儿子在河中溺亡了。 (先果后因）
The woman's son was drowned in a river. That's why she was weeping bitterly.
那位女士的儿子在河中溺亡了，那是她痛哭流涕的原因。 (先因后果）
③ 表语从句中的虚拟语气
主语是表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词，如 suggestion, advice, proposal, order, command, request, requirement, demand 等时，表语从句应使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。
His order was that all boys gather quickly around the car.
他的命令是所有男孩子要速在汽车周围集合。
二、自我检测
1.______ (confuse) about the varieties of organic food, I seemed at sea which to choose.
2.The exact places the police marked on the map were _____ the suspected murderer had lived.
3.It is _____ the CPC's leadership that China has become the world's second largest economy.
4.During winter, people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend _____ the cold weather.
5.A quarrel broke _____ last Sunday, and he broke away from his family.
6.The person who is _____ charge of the factory has been sick since last week.
7.It is said that the special class consists of some _____(gift) children.
8.The virus was _____(initial) believed to be a common one, but with more cases reported, it proved wrong.
9.Peter, as well as his _____(assist), Lily, was performing a chemical experiment yesterday afternoon, but I don't know whether they have finished it.
10.What the doctors really doubt is _____ my mother will defeat the serious illness.
答案及解析
1.答案：Confused
解析：句意为:由于对各种各样的有机食品感到困惑,我不知道该选什么好。此处应用形容词作状语,意为“感到困惑的”,故填confused。
2.答案：where
解析：句意为:警察在地图上标出的确切地点是谋杀案嫌疑犯居住过的地方。_____ the suspected murderer had lived是表语从句,连接词在从句中作地点状语,意为“……的地方”,应用where。
3.答案：under
解析：句意为:在中国共产党的领导下,中国已经成为世界第二大经济体。under one's leadership意为“在……领导下”。故填under。
4.答案：against/ from
解析：句意为:在冬季,人们应该吃一些热的食物,这样有益于身体,还能抵御寒冷的天气。defend against/ from意为“抵御”。故填against/ from。
5.答案：out
解析：break out为固定搭配,意为“突然发生;爆发”。
6.答案：in
解析：in charge of为固定搭配,意为“负责”。
7.答案：gifted
解析：句意为:据说这个特殊的班是由一些有天赋的孩子组成的。设空处修饰children,应填形容词,意为“有天赋的”,故填gifted。
8.答案：initially
解析：修饰动词应用副词,作状语。故填initially。
9.答案：assistant
解析：句意为:彼得和他的助手莉莉昨天下午做了一个化学实验,但我不知道他们是否做完了。设空处应填名词,意为“助手”,故填assistant。
10.答案：whether
解析：句意：医生们确实没有把握的是我的母亲是否能战胜这种严重的疾病。根据句意可知，空处表示"是否"，故应填whether。
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