Unit 4 Body Language
Using Language—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册课前导学
课前预习
1. tendency n. 趋势;倾向
2. occupy vt. 占据;占用
3. stare vi. 盯着看;凝视 n. 凝视
4. distinguish vi. & vt. 区分;辨别
5. embarrassed embarrassed adj. 难堪的;尴尬的
6. ashamed adj. 羞愧;惭愧
7. bother vi. & vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心 n. 麻烦;不便
8. adjust vt. 调整;调节 vi. & vt. 适应;(使)习惯
9. merely adv. 只是;仅仅;只不过
10. call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请
11. bother vi.& vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心 n. 麻烦;不便
12. weep vi.& vt. 哭泣;流泪
13. at work 有某种影响;在工作
14. conflict n. 矛盾;冲突 vi. 冲突;抵触
15. inquire/enquire vi.& vt. 询问;打听
二、自我检测
1.I always feel a________ to see some improper behaviors, such as littering and scribbling. (根据首字母单词拼写)
2.We could b_______ see the other cars because of the fog. (根据首字母单词拼写)
3.There is a t ______ towards regional cooperation in the age of globalization. (根据首字母单词拼写)
4.There are a lot of tourists around. Don’t they b________ you (根据首字母单词拼写)
5.His____________(explain) are always difficult to believe. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.My older brother couldn’t be ________ (bother) to play with me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed _________(conflict). (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.The development of the site will have __________(imply) for the surrounding countryside.
9.From the matter, you should learn how ________(distinguish) right from wrong.
10.What made us relieved was that protective clothing ________(ultimate) arrived at the hospitals in time.
答案及解析
1.答案:ashamed/shamed
解析:考查形容词。句意:看到一些不当的行为,比如乱扔垃圾和乱涂乱画,我总是感到羞愧。空格处用形容词作表语,由“see some improper behaviors, such as littering and scribbling”可知,看到一些不当的行为,比如乱扔垃圾和乱涂乱画,说话人应该是觉得羞愧,空格处意为“羞愧的”,由首字母提示a可知,是ashamed,故填ashamed。
2.答案:barely/arely
解析:考查副词。句意:由于大雾,我们几乎看不见其他的汽车。分析句子可知,空处需填副词修饰动词see(看见)),根据句意可知,因为大雾的原因,几乎看不见其他的汽车,由此判断可使用副词barely(几乎不)作状语,故填barely。
3.答案:tendency/endency
解析:考查名词。句意:在全球化时代,出现了区域合作的趋势。a后跟可数名词的单数形式,由“towards regional cooperation in the age of globalization”可知,句子表示“在全球化时代,出现了区域合作的趋势”,空格处意为“趋势”,由首字母提示可知,是tendency,故填tendency。
4.答案:bother/other
解析:考查动词。句意:周围有很多游客。他们不会打扰你吗?本句为一般疑问句,they后接动词原形,根据句意和首字母可知,此处应用动词bother。故填bother.
5.答案:explanations
解析:考查名词。句意:他的解释总是很难相信。分析句子可知,此处应该用复数名词作主语,故答案为explanations。
6.答案:bothered
解析:考查固定短语。句意:我哥哥懒得和我一起玩。be bothered to do是固定短语,意为“懒得做某事”,故填bothered。
7.答案:conflicts
解析:考查名词。句意:联合国维和部队的目的是维护和平,防止武装冲突。conflict为可数名词,前文没有冠词,说明数量大于一应用复数形式。故填conflicts.
8.答案:implications
解析:考查词性转换。句意:这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。have implications for sth.对某事有影响。
9.答案:to distinguish
解析:考查"疑问词+不定式"结构。句意:通过这件事情,你应该学会如何辨别是非。分析句子结构可知,"how ______(distinguish) right from wrong"作learn的宾语,故应用"疑问词+不定式"结构。
10.答案:ultimately
解析:考查副词。句意:使我们感到宽慰的是,防护服最终及时抵达医院。分析句子结构可知,该空位于动词arrived前面,故用副词作状语。
2Unit 4 Body Language
Learning about Language—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册课前导学
课前预习
1. anger n. 愤怒;怒气 vt. 使生气;激怒
2. assessment n. 评价;评定
3. bend bend vt. & vi.(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向(bent,bent)
4. reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
5. reveal vt. 揭示;显示;露出
6.动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
1).动词-ing形式作宾语
(1) 作动词的宾语
Would you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗?
I suggest going swimming now. 我建议现在就去游泳。
注意:
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆:
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise, finish, practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)
(2) 作介词的宾语
在下面的短语中,常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语:insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to 等。He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
(3) 在有些动词的后面,如 start, begin, continue 等既可接动词-ing形式也可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作,似乎什么也没发生过。
(4) 有些动词或动词短语后跟动词-ing形式或不定式都可以,但意思不同。接不定式一般表示动作尚未发生,而接动名词则表示动作已经发生。
(5)用 it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing 形式
(6)介词 in 常可省略的几类句型
①主语 +have a problem/ trouble/difficulty/ a good/hard time (+in)+doing...
②主语+spend time(+in)+doing...
③主语+be busy(+in)+doing...
(7)主动形式表被动意义need, require, want 作“需要”讲时,接动词-ing 形式作宾语,相当于不定式的被动形式。
主语+want/need/require +doing/ to be done 主语需要被……
2). 动词 -ing 形式作表语
(1) 动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。
My favourite sport is swimming. (=Swimming is my favourite sport.)我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
(2) 现在分词(短语)作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
The news is quite shocking,这消息很令人震惊。
注意:
作表语的动词-ing 形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等。这类词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
(3)区别
动名词(短语)作表语 表抽象的一般性的动作
动词不定式(短语)作表语,表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事
二、自我检测
1.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My mom was a nurse and often took me along to visit the ①_____________(family)she was caring for, including one who had a series of strokes (中风) and was bedridden. One afternoon Mom told me that we needed to visit the woman ②_____________ (give) her medications, and that we would stop at a store ③_____________ the way. I thought we would stop at a drugstore, but we pulled up to a shopping mall.
My mom ④_____________ (head) to the perfume (香水) counter and bought the most expensive bottle they offered. She also bought a beautiful nightdress. When I asked her who they were for, she said they were for her patient. She ⑤_____________ (far) explained although this woman was old and bedridden, she was still a lady, and ⑥_____________ old deserved to be treated with respect and grace. When ⑦_____________ (care) for someone, we should look past the disability or the illness and look into the soul of the human, so we can connect them with sympathy. I soon realized that my mom's greatest ⑧_____________ (strong) was taking care of those who cannot advocate for ⑨_____________ (they) and need trustworthy care providers. That's ⑩_____________ I wanted to become a doctor.
2._________(try)and error leads to the finding of truth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.When we got a call ________ (say)she was short listed,we thought it was a joke. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.The doctor made an ________ (assess) of the damage and said he must have an operation immediately. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案及解析
1.答案: families; to give; on; headed; further; the; caring; strength; themselves; why
解析:①考查名词的单复数。根据下文中的including one并结合语境可知,病人不止一个,涉及不同的家庭,故填families。
②考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式,故填to give。
③考查介词。on the way意为"在路上",为固定用法,故填on。
④考查动词的时态。根据该句中的bought可知,此处描述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填headed。
⑤考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知,作者不明白妈妈为什么这么做,所以妈妈进一步解释给作者听。故填further。
⑥考查冠词。"the+ 某些形容词"表示一类人,the old表示"老年人"。故填the。
⑦考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为省略主语和be动词的时间状语从句,care和其逻辑主语we是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填caring。
⑧考查词形转换。根据前面的形容词最高级greatest和空后的was可知,空处应用名词,故填strength。
⑨考查代词。此处作for 的宾语,表示"为他们自己",故填themselves。
⑩考查名词性从句。句意:那就是我想要成为一名医生的原因。That's why...表示"那就是......的原因",故填why。
2.答案:Trial
解析:考查名词。句意:反复试验可以发现真理。and连接两个并列的名词作主语,使用try的名词trial(试验)合乎句意的需要,trial and error是固定表达,意为:反复试验/试错法。故填Trial。
3.答案:saying
解析:分析句子结构可知,该句已有谓语动词“got”,所以此处应用非谓语动词;动词say与逻辑主语“a call”之间构成主动关系,所以此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填saying。
4.答案:assessment
解析:考查名词。句意:医生对损伤作了评估,说他必须马上动手术。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少made的宾语,an后面搭配名词单数。assess的名词形式为assessment。故填:assessment。
2Unit 4 Body Language
Reading and Thinking—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册课前导学
课前预习
1. vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
2. appropriate adj. 合适的;恰当的
3. by/in contrast 相比之下
4. approve vi. 赞成;同意 vt. 批准;通过
5. employ vt. 使用;应用;雇用
6. differ vi. 相异;不同于
7. by comparison (with…) (与……)相比较
8. favour(1)vt. 较喜欢;选择;有利于
(2)n. 帮助;恩惠;赞同
9. bow vi. 鞠躬;点头vt. 低(头) n. 弓;蝴蝶结
10. waist n. 腰;腰部
11. barrier n. 隔阂;障碍
12. fake adj. 假装的;假的;冒充的
13. anger n. 愤怒;怒气vt. 使生气; 激怒
14. reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
15. by contrast 相比之下
二、自我检测
1.Shyness is supposed to be a _________(障碍) to communication.
2.The exhibition was held to break down the cultural ___________(障碍) between the two countries.
3.A ________(目击者) is a person who sees what happens with his or her eyes on the spot.
4.The customer asked the salesman how he knew it was not a ______ (假货). 5.Your opinion may________ (不同) from others', but we value what you think of our plan.)
6.The people all ________ (鞠躬) down before the Emperor.
7.There is growing__________(愤怒)among the people against the government.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
8.Poor health and lack of money may both be _________ (障碍) to educational progress.
9.He is trying to improperly influence a _________(证人).
10.She was paralysed from the ________(腰部) down.
答案及解析
1.barrier
【详解】考查名词。句意:害羞被认为是一种交流障碍。此处由a修饰用名词,barrier“障碍”为可数名词,根据汉语提示,所以此处用单数。故填barrier.
2.barriers
【详解】考查名词。句意:举办这次展览是为了打破两国之间的文化壁垒。根据句意以及汉语提示,空处应用名词barrier,表示“壁垒,障碍”,此处表示两国之间的文化壁垒,应用名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填barriers。
3.witness
【详解】考查名词。句意:目击者是当场亲眼目睹发生的事件的人。根据“A”可知,此空应填可数名词单词,再根据中文提示和句意可知,应填witness,在本句中作主语。故填witness。
4.fake
【详解】考查名词。句意:顾客问售货员他怎么知道这不是假货。a后用名词的单数形式,“假货”的名词是fake,故填fake。
5.differ
【详解】考查动词。句意:你的意见可能不同,但我们重视你对我们计划的看法。分析句式结构可知,情态动词may后面跟动词原形,所以用动词differ表示“与……不同”符合语境。故填differ。
6.bowed
【详解】考查动词。句意:人们都向皇帝鞠躬。根据句意可知,本句中缺少谓语动词,描述的是过去的事实,故使用一般过去时bow意为“鞠躬”,过去式为bowed。故填bowed。
7.anger
【详解】考查名词。句意:民众对政府的愤怒与日俱增。根据汉语提示“愤怒”以及上文的形容词growing可知,空处应填名词作主语,结合语意可知,应用名词anger,抽象名词不可数。故填anger。
8.barriers
【详解】考查名词。句意:健康状况不佳、缺钱二者都可以是教育进步的障碍。根据汉语提示及空前的系动词be及空后的介词to可知应填名词形式作表语,句子主语为Poor health and lack of money,所以应用复数形式。故填barriers。
9.witness
【详解】考查名词。句意:他试图不适当地影响证人。分析句子可知,此空应填名词,且由前面冠词a可知应填可数名词单数,再根据中文提示和句意可知,应填witness。故填witness。
10.waist
【详解】考查名词。句意:她腰部以下瘫痪了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据汉语提示,waist为名词,意为“腰部”,符合句意,故填写waist。
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