Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Reading for Thinking—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册课前导学
课前预习
1. master
（1）n. 高手；主人；教师
（2）vt. 精通；掌握；控制（情绪）
2. honour
（1）n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸
（2）vt. 向某人致敬
3. gloryn. 荣誉；光荣；赞美
4. determination n. 决心；决定
5. injure vt. 使受伤；损害
6. strength n.［U］力量；体力；［C］优点，长处，优势
7. failure n. 失败；失败的人（或事物）
8. here/there/now/then 引起的完全倒装句
结构：Here/There/Now/Then +谓语动词+主语（名词）
二、自我检测
1. Your performance is _______, and left us a good _______ . (impress)
2. It's up to you _______(determine) which player we should choose.
3. Who recommended _______(join) them in the game
4. Competitions like (ski) need snow.
5. _______ a lawyer, you have the right to bring her justice and fairness.
6. What do you think of her speech _______(fill) with so many humorous words
7. —Would you like to come to my birthday party this weekend
—Of course. I'd love _______.
8．My shelf ________________ (快散架了), because many books are on it.
9．We must ________________ (找方法交流) with others more. 10．________________ (尽管她是一个失败者) in life, she gained great success in her career.
答案及解析
1.答案：impressive, impression
2.答案：to determine
3.答案：joining
4.答案：skiing
5.答案：As
6.答案：filled
7.答案：to
8．答案：is falling apart
【详解】考查动词短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：我的书架快要散架了，因为我的书在它上面。fall apart“破裂”表示散架，根据下文的“because many books are on it.”可知，表示即将发生的事情，用现在进行时表示将来时，主语My shelf是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填is falling apart。
9．答案：find a way to communicate
【详解】考查固定短语和动词。句意：我们必须找到和他人多交流的方式。“找到”为find，在情态动词must后用其原形，“一个......的方法”可表达为a way to do sth.，其中不定式为定语，“交流”为communicate。故填find a way to communicate。
10．答案：Though she was a failure
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：在生活中，尽管她是一个失败者，但在事业中她获得了巨大的成功。根据主句可知，整句为过去的事情，要用一般过去时。引导让步状语从句用though；表达：一个失败者，英语用 a failure。故空格处翻译为：Though she was a failure。
2Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Reading for Writing—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册课前导学
课前预习
反意疑问句
概念：
反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags) 即反意附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方赞同。 附加疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
结构：
前肯后否：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式
前否后肯：陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式
回答：
肯定回答：“Yes+肯定结构”
否定回答：“No+否定结构”
在前否后肯结构中，yes 译为“不”,no 译为“是”。
类型：
陈述句是由“主语+be的形式”构成的，附加问句用“be的形式+主语”。
2. 陈述句是由“主语+行为动词的各种时态”构成的，附加问句用“助动词do/does/did/have/has/had等+主语”。
3. 陈述句含有情态动词，附加问句用“情态动词+主语”。
反意疑问句应该注意的问题：
1.当陈述部分含有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, barely,scarcely, nothing, none, rarely,no, not, no one, nobody, neither等具有否定意义的词汇时,后面的附加问句则为肯定形式。
2.当陈述部分的主语为everyone, someone, anyone, no one 等表示人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用they或he。
3.当陈述部分的主语为everything, something, anything, nothing 等表示物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用 it。
4.当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy, dislike, unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,即含有un-, dis-前缀或-less后缀等词缀而意思否定的词时,作为肯定句处理,疑问部分用否定形式。
5.陈述部分有less, fewer等词时视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。
6.含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。即当主句是I think, I believe, I suppose, I imagine, I expect, I guess时要反问从句,其余句式均反问主句。当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的附加问句应与从句保持一致。
二、自我检测
1．—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ________ you
2．Nobody saw him walk into the room, ________ they
3．Let’s practice boxing after school, ________we
4．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan________ (carry) out in the past two years.
5．He likes playing football, ________ he
6．I see what you mean, ________ the audience wants fair play.
7．Good sportsmanship is more important than ________(win)! 8．I agree with the idea ________ a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team.
9．They need some ________(volunteer), don't they
10．By ________ way, our school soccer team won at last, didn't they
答案及解析
1．didn’t
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：“——去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。”“——那么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？”must have done结构在句中表示对过去事情的推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didn’t...？”。根据题干中的过去时间状语last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。故填didn’t。
2．did
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：没人看见他走进房间，是吗？分析句子可知，句子为反意疑问句，陈述句部分有表示否定意义的词“Nobody”，故疑问部分应用肯定形式，根据句中“saw”可知，句子为一般过去时，故空格处应用助动词“did”。故填did。
3．shall
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：放学后让我们练习拳击，好吗？分析句子可知，肯定句部分为祈使句，在“Let’s”句型中，反意疑问部分要用“shall we”表建议。故答案是shall。
4．had been carried
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：上个月我被派到那个村子里看了看在过去的两年里这个发展计划实施得怎么样了。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主语plan和carry out是被动关系，且 carry out发生在 was sent之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been carried。
5．doesn’t
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？反意疑问句应满足“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。根据likes可知，前面为肯定句，后面用否定形式，主语为He，助动词对应does，否定形式为doesn’t。故填：doesn’t。
6．but
【详解】考查并列连词。句意：我明白你的意思，但观众希望公平竞争。前后句表转折，用并列连词but。故填but。
7．winning
【详解】考查名词。句意：良好的体育精神比胜利更重要!介词than后接名词形式。名词winning为“胜利”之意，作介词than的宾语。根据句意，故填winning。
8．that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：我同意这个想法：一个足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这有助于他的/她的队。分析可知空格处缺少连接词，由于 idea是抽象名词，空格后的句子对其内容进行具体解释，是同位语从句，且空格后的句子成分完整，因此用that引导同位语从句，故填that。
9．volunteers
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：他们需要一些志愿者，是吗？volunteer志愿者，可数名词；some后需接可数名词复数。故填volunteers。
10．the
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：顺便说一下，我们学校的足球队终于赢了，是吗？固定搭配by the way (顺便说一下)。故填the。
2Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Reading for Writing—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册课前导学
课前预习
1.positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
2.diet
（1）n. 规定饮食；日常饮食
（2）vi. 节食；进行规定饮食
3.stress
（1）n. 压力；紧张；重音；强调
（2）vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安
4.cut... out 停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下
5.even if 引导让步状语从句，主句如果用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
6.部分否定，当含有全体意义的代词或副词如：all, each, every(及其派生词)，both， always, often, entirely, wholly 等和否定词not 连用的时候，构成部分否定，意为“并非都……，并非总是……”。
7.写好兴趣爱好类说明文
描述性说明文一般采用"总—分—总"的三段式结构。也就是说,首先要写说明的对象,然后说明原因等,最后做一个简单的总结。说明文常用一般现在时,但也要根据具体情况分析,灵活采用恰当的时态。
常用表达：
Of all the sports, I like…best.
…is my favorite sport.
People all over the world like…
If you ask me which sport I like best…
Do you want to know which sport I like best
How much do you know about…
I like…because…
The reason why I like...is that…
My favorite player is…I like him/ her because…
At the age of… I showed great interest in…
I became interested in…when I was…
I first learned to…at the age of…
I become more and more…by playing…
I hope in the future I can…
I really want to be…when I grow up.
二、自我检测
（一）语法填空
Until last year, I was trying to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was ① ____ (possible). I worried about my ② ____ (weigh) and tried every new diet I read about online. I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5: 2, only bananas, no bananas —I almost went bananas, too.
Then I read ③ ____ article that said instead of asking "Am I fat " I should be asking "Am I fit " I had no idea a letter could make such a difference! Once I started thinking about ④ ____ (fit) rather than weight, things began to change. Instead of saying "I want to lose three kilos", I would say "I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes" or "I want to be able to do 30 ⑤ ____ (push-up)". Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I ⑥ ____ (add) healthy foods to my meals. I could still have a burger now and then, ⑦ ____ I would add a salad or an apple.
Finally, I stopped comparing myself with ⑧ ____ (actress) and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. Instead, I made a list of the things I liked about myself. ⑨ ____ being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and ⑩ ____ (healthy).
（二）写作练习
写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍你自己是如何平衡学习和休息的。内容包括：1.以前无法平衡学习和休息；2.现在已经做到二者平衡；3.你的做法。
答案及解析
（一）
概述：本文讲述了作者在减肥上转变的心路历程，由最初的节食、不注重健康的减肥方式转变为了注重运动，对自我保持积极态度的减肥方式，最终作者获得了成功，也变得越来越开心，越来越健康。
1、impossible。该句大意为直到去年我一直在尝试看起来像电视上的那些苗条的女孩，即使我知道那是不可能的，even though表示转折，故后面应填impossible
2、weight。该空位于所有格之后，因此应填名词，weigh的名词形式为weight
3、an。article为元音因素开头，且这里是一篇文章，故填冠词an
4、fitness。该句大意为一旦我开始思考健康多过体重，事情便发生了变化，因此该空应填fit的名词形式fitness
5、push-ups。该句大意为我想要能够做30个俯卧撑。俯卧撑为可数名词，这里应填复数形式，故填push-ups
6、added。本篇的时态都为一般过去时，因此该空的动词也应填一般过去式，故应填added
7、but。该句大意为我有时仍然吃了一个汉堡，但是我将加一份沙拉或者一个苹果，因此有转折之意，故第七空应填but
8、actress。该空意为最后，我停止将自己与女演员和模特进行比较，actress为可数名词，可数名词不单行，故应填复数形式actresses
9、By。该句大意为通过保持对于我自己和我的身体积极的态度，我变得越来越开心，也越来越健康。通过某种方式应填介词by，位于句子开头，应注意首字母大写。
10、healthier。该句大意为通过保持对于我自己和我的身体积极的态度，我变得越来越开心，也越来越健康。表示比较级，故应填healthier
（二）
Two years ago，I couldn’t balance rest and study.I was often busy with my study，so I had no time to have a rest.As a result，I often felt tired and stressed.At last I fell ill and had to stay in hospital for 3 weeks.
After I recovered from illness，I began to think about my problems.I got to realize the importance of balancing rest and study.Rather than studying all the time，I began to spare some time to have a rest.Instead of doing my homework all the day，I went to play basketball for an hour a day.
Finally，I got to balance rest and study.I became quite healthy.I didn’t fall behind; instead，I studied better than before.
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