2024年中考英语二轮语法复习 被动语态 课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
被动语态
The Passive voice
什么是被动语态
主动语态的主语是句子中动作的“执行者”而被动语态的主语，则是句子中动作的“承受者”。
当我们认为执行动作的人是谁并不重要，反而是“接受动作”的人或物值得被强调时，我们就会用“被动语态”来凸显“被执行动作”的人或物。
被动语态的主语，就是主动语态的宾语，主动语态的主语在被动语态中，会放在介词by后面，并移到动词之后，有时甚至会因为不重要，干脆省略掉。
主动语态 VS.被动语态
主动: Peter cleaned the bedroom.
执行动作者 接受动作者
被动: The bedroom was cleaned by Peter.
执行动作者 接受动作者
The bedroom was cleaned(by Peter).
句子的重点在于房间被清理，执行动作者是谁并不重要，因此直接省略不提。
被动语态的基本结构
主语 + be动词+过去分词 (V-ed)+(接受动作者)+(by+执行动作者)
被动语态的基本元素就是:
无论是什么时态的被动语态，这两个元素都缺一不可。
be动词则随主语及时态做变化。
be + done
(1)一般现在时
结构：am/is/are done
例如：This machine ___________(make) in China .
这台机器是中国制造的。
(2)一般过去时
结构：was/were done
例如：The windows in our classroom_____________yesterday.
昨天我们教室的窗户被打碎了。
is made
were broken
不同时态的被动语态
(3)一般将来时
结构：will/shall/be going to + be done
例如：I think the desks_______________（repair) soon.
(4)含情态动词
结构：情态动词＋be done
例如：Where can the lost book be found？
Waste paper shouldn't be thrown here.
试一试：Your homework ________today.
你的作业今天必须完。
will be repaired
1.一般现在时的被动语态.
The door is locked.
2.过去时的被动语态
My new bicycle was stolen.
3.将来时的被动语态
The work will be finished soon.
4.现在进行时的被动语态
The mall is being built next to the gym.
5.现在完成时的被动语态
The homework has already been done
be done
will be done
was\ were done
be being done
heve\has been done
6. 情态动词的被动语态
The desk should be moved to another room.
情态助动词：
情态动词+ be done
will shall can may
would should could might
have to Would rather 宁可做.. must
has to Had better最好做... need
had to dare
什么时候要使用被动语态
1.想要凸显动作的接受者时
Jack has been fired. ( 杰克被开除了。)
2.动作执行者不重要时
The meeting is canceled. ( 会议被取消了。)
3.动作执行者众所皆知时
English is spoken in this area. ( 这个地区的人说英语。)
4.不知道动作执行者是谁时
My wallet was stolen. ( 我的钱包被偷了。)
强调被开除的人是杰克
只知道钱包被偷，却不知道是被谁偷了。
说英语的一定是“人”，故不需特别强调。
重点是会议被取消，至于被谁取消，并不是那么重要。
什么时候要使用被动语态
5. 希望让语气较为客气时，被动语态的口气会比主动语态委婉。
主动语态:We rejected your request.
( 我们拒绝了您的请求。)
被动语态:Your request has been rejected.
(您的请求被拒绝了。)
被动语态使得“拒绝”这个动作显得比较不那么直接。
如何将主动句改为被动句
步骤1：将主动句中的宾语改为主语
步骤2：动词改为被动语态
步骤3：将主动句中的主语，放在介词by之后，并接在被动语态后
1.They make ice cream in that factory.
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
Ice cream is made (by them) in that factory.
主动语态如何变为被动语态？
执行动作者放在by之后
Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. was spoken
2. They bought five books last term．
Five books were bought (by them) last term.
The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for
4.They will finish the work in 5 months.
The work will be finished (by them)
in 5 months.
More man-made satellites ____ in the future.
A. will send up
B. will be sent up
C. are sent up
1. Americans use knives for cutting things.
Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.
2.Jimmy cleans the windows of their classroom twice a month.
The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month.
EXERCISES
are used
are
cleaned
(变被动语态）
3. She wrote a letter to him .
______ ______ ______ ______ to him.
4. I noticed her go into the kitchen .
She _____ _____ _____ _____ into the kitchen.
A letter was written
was noticed to go
5. His grandma made him have only two meals a day.
He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day.
6.Did you plant many trees last year
_______ ______ _______ _______ last year
was made to have
Were many trees planted
被动语态的疑问句与答句
被动语态的句型中含有be动词，因此只要把be动词移到句首，就是疑问句了! 有助动词的被动语态，则是将be动词留在原处，并把助动词移到句首作为疑问句。
例: The boys were punished by their father.
Were the boys punished by their father
肯定详答: Yes,they were punished by their father.
肯定简答: Yes,they were.
否定详答: No, they weren't punished by their father.
否定简答: No,they were not/weren't.
例: The floor has been vacuumed
地板已经用吸尘器吸过了。
疑问句:
Has the floorbeen vacuumed
肯定详答: Yes,it has been vacuumed.
肯定简答:Yes,it has.
否定详答:No,it hasn’t been vacuumed yet.
否定简答:No,it has not/hasn't.
学习成果实测
1. The children are________TV in the living room right now.
(A) watching (B) watched (C) watch (D)watches
2. The dirty clothes have already_____by Mom.
(A) washed (B) being washed (C) been washed (D) washing
3. English is______in the United States and Canada.
(A) speaking (B) spoken (C) speaks (D) spoke
4. This letter was written______John.
(A) by (B)from (C) over (D)in
5. The BBQ party_____in the yard tomorrow night.
(A) is held (B) can hold (C) will hold (D) will be held
1.Linda has done all the housework.(改为被动句)
2.The boys will make breakfast tomorrow.(改为被动句)
3.Dad broke the vase accidentally.( 改为被动句)
4.The thief was caught.( 改为疑问句)
5.The man's wallet could be stolen by the little girl.( 改为疑问句)
Could the man's wallet be stolen by the little girl
Was the thief caught
The vase was broken by Dad accidentally.
Breakfast will be made by the boys tomorrow.
All the housework has been done by Linda.
常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态中有些感官动词hear，see，watch，notice等和使役动词make，let等后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。
例如：
hear/see sb. do sth.
→ sb. be heard/seen to do sth.
make sb. do sth.
→ sb. be made to do sth.
主动表被动的情况：
(1)当open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词，且它们的主语为物时，可用主动结构表示被动意义。
例如：
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
(2)look, sound, taste, smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意义。
Mooncakes taste very delicious.
月饼尝起来很好吃。
(3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
want/need/require＋doing
相当于want/need/require＋to be done。
to be done为不定式的被动结构。
Your car needs washing.
＝Your car needs to be washed.
你的车需要清洗了。
练一练
1. The Party's 105 birthday ______on July 1st this year in our country.
A.is celebrated B. celebrates C. was celebrated D. celebrated
2.The task_______by ten because we will show it to the customers tomorrow.
A. can be completed B. may be completed
C. must be completed D. is completed
3.-Perfect photos! Good skills.
-Thank you.They______by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all.
A. Took B. were taken C.will be taken D.takes
4.-Food safety is very important to us.
-I think so. More rules about it______in the future
A.have made B.should be made C.should made D.were made
5.-Let's go to the movie, John.
-I'm afraid not.I'll need one more hour before my homework_______.
A.has finished B.finished C.will be finished D.is finished
6. This ring________of silver.
A.make B. makes C.is made D.is make
7.Many fruits and desserts______out in the garden by Hou Yi to show his love for Chang'e
A.laid B.have laid C.were laid D.lay
8.-Do you know when the 25th Winter Olympic Games_______
-In 2026.
A. Held B. will hold C. is held D. will be held
9. Butter and cheese______in price.
A. has gone up B.is gone up C.have gone up D.are gone up
10. There used to_______an underground parking lot in our school. But now it is used to____PE class.
A. have; have B.be: have C.have: having D.be: having
11. In many places in China, a baby's first month birthday is a special event and_____with a special party.
A.has celebrated B.is celebrated C.celebrated D.celebrates
12. Last year, a number of doctors ______abroad to provide help in the countries that were having a hard time fighting against the Covid-19.
A. Send B. sent D.were sent C. are sent
13.The TV needs_____.
A. to repair B.repaired C.being repaired D. to be repaired
14.The room_______as a meeting room.
A. used to being used B. was used to being used
C. used to be used D. was used to be used
15.Great changes_______in my home town since liberation.
A. have been taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. were taken place
16.The water will be further polluted unless some measures_____.
A. will be taken B. are taken C.were taken D.had been taken
17.The Chinese Communist Party________in Shanghai in 1921.
A. was found B.found C.was founded D. founded
18.-______the sports meet might be put off.
-Yes. it all depends on the weather.
A.I've been told B.I've told C. I'm told D.I told
19.I need one more stamp before my collection______.
A.has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
20.--Have you moved into the new house
-Not yet. The rooms____.
A. are being painted B. are painting
C.are painted D. are being painting
21.Your exercise books____after class.
A. will hand in B. must hand in C.handed in D.must be handed in
22.Mary's radio____by my brother just now.
A. will be mended B. has mended C.was mended D.mended
23.When_____the People's Republic of China______
A.was: found B.was; founded C.did: found D.does: found
24. The windows of our house_____once a wee.k
A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned
25.Man-made satellites____into space by many countries.
A. was sent up B. is sent up
C. have been sent up D. has been sent up
26.This English song___often_____by the children.
A. is; singing B. is; sung
C. will; sing D.was; sung
27.They____day and night.
A.are made work B. are made to work
C. made to be worked D. are making to work
28.We can’t enter the room because its door_______.
A.locked B. locks C.is locked D.is locking
29.We can’t use the bridge now, because it____.
A. has been repaired B. is repairing
C. is repaired D. is being repaired
30. When water______,it will be changed into vapor(蒸汽).
C. has heated A.is heated B.heating D.heats
31.I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman.
A. was shown B.showed C.have shown D.was showing
32.The picture_____in October，1996.
A. was taking B. had been taken D. had taken C. was taken
33.Great changes____place.Many new schools______.
A. have taken; have been opened B. take; are open
C. are taken;open D .have been taken: are opened
34.The lab________about five years ago.
A. was builded B. was built C.builds D. has been built
35.The question_______by us soon.
A. is going to discuss B. will discuss
C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed
36.The children_____by the nurse
A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D.looked
37.He_____some pieces of advice, but he_______to them.
A. gave: didn't listen B. was given: wasn't listened
C. give: wasn't listened D.was given; didn't listen
38.Good books_____again and again.
A. should be readed B. should be read
C. must read D. ought to read
39.In Britain,______tea with milk or sugar in it.
A.usually drinks B.is usually drunk
C.usually is drunk D.drank usually
40. It shocked me that his bike_______yesterday.
A.steals B.stole C. is stolen D.was stolen
41. Pay attention, please! Nobody____with others during an exam.
A. is allowed talking B. allows talking
C.is allowed to talk D. allows to talk
42.In the story A Christmas Carol, Marley was mean, so he______after he died.
A. punished B. was punished C. is punished D. punishes
43.-Excuse me, is it my turn to enter the doctor's office now
-Not yet.Please wait here until your name____.
A.Calls B.will be called C.is called D.is calling
44.China's hot words. like tuhao, dama and YYDS,_________in the western media.(媒体)
A. use widely B.is widelv used C.uses widely D.are widely used
45. --The teacher tells us that P.E will be more and more important in the Entrance Examination for the high school .
--Don't worry.Nothing will be difficult if more attention_____to them.
A. is paid D. pays B. will be paid C.will pay
46.--It is reported that the Shenzhou-14 spaceship_____into space successfully on October 16th,2022.
- How proud we Chinese are!
A. sent B.is sent C.was sent D.sends
47. It was said that enough money____for the children in the earthquake area.
A. raised B.will raise C.was raised D.has raised
48. The 2026 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games_____in Milan .
A. Holds B. will hold C. were held D. will be held
49 . To ensure (确保) the safety and health of athletes and all the people, tickets for 2026 Winter Olympics_____only to domestic audience(境内观众)in December.
A.were sold B. will sell C. sell D. will be sold
50. It is difficult for us to know ahead of time when an earthquake will_____.
A. be taken place B.happen C.take place D.be happened
51.他因为偷窃而被判入狱。
He_____ ______ _____ _____because of stealing things.
52.一个医生被召来给国王做检查。
A doctor was _____ _____ to __________ the king.
53.世界分为七个洲。
The world is_____ _____ seven continents.
54.上海到处挂国旗庆祝国庆节。
The National flags__________ everywhere in shanghai to________ the National Day.
was put into prison
called in examine
divided into
are hung celebrate
55.许多美国妇女指出她们干相同的活而得到的报酬往往比男人少。
Many American women point out that they are often_____ _____ than men for the same work they do.
56. 茶，世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一，是偶然被发明的。
Tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world,_____ _____ by accident.
57.就我所知，茶树种植在山坡上。
As far as I know, tea plants_____ _____ on the sides of mountains.
paid less
was invented
are grown
58.在中国售卖的每包香烟上都印有吸烟有害健康的警示语。与此同时，公共建筑物里禁止抽烟。
A notice is on every pack of cigarettes sold in China________ that smoking is dangerous to health. At the same time, smoking is not________ in public buildings.
59.许多父母认为青少年在学校学习应该放在首位，因此他们不应该被鼓励去做兼职工作。
Many parents think going to school must________ first,so teenagers should__________________ to work part-time.
60.18 岁以下的青少年决不允许抽烟或喝酒。
Teenagers under eighteen must_______________ to smoke or drink.
warning
allowed
be put
not be encouraged
not be allowed
61.开会时手机应该关掉。
Mobile phones should_______________ off during the meeting.
62.根据常态化疫情防控，许多人被迫放弃出国旅行。
A lot of people_____ travelling abroad according to the regular epidemic prevention and control.
63.直至环境问题越发严重，人们才充分重视起来。
The environmental problem_____ until it was getting worse and worse.
64.你相信纸是由木头制成的吗
Do you believe that paper_____ _____ _____ wood
be kept
are forced to give up
was not paid enough attention to
is made from
将下面的句子改为被动语态
1．They often hear her play the piano.
She ____ often _______ to play the piano.
2．A couple stole a vase worth about ?$ 300，000 yesterday.
A vase worth about ?$300，000 _____ ________ by a couple yesterday.
3．They don't make this kind of watch in Beijing.
This kind of watch _______ ______ by them in Beijing.
heard
isn't made
was stolen
is
4． Jane wrote several articles about memory last month.
Several articles about memory ________ _____ by Jane last month.　
5．The company invited Alan to apply for a position in the company's overseas office in August.
Alan ______ ______to apply for a position in the company's overseas office in August.
6． Restaurants in Shanghai will use more robots to bring food to customers.
More robots will ____ ____ to bring food to customers in Shanghai.
be used
was invited
were written
7．Our parents advised us not to go out alone.
We ______ _______ not to go out alone by our parents.
8．My brother often makes me cry.
I am often _____ ___cry by my brother.
9． We can store a lot of information in the computer.
A lot of information ____ ____stored in the computer.
10．More and more people learn Chinese in the world.
Chinese _________ ______ by more and more people in the world.
is learnt/learned
can be
made to
were advised